15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Bunge is party to a large number of claims and lawsuits, primarily tax and labor claims in Brazil and tax claims in Argentina, arising in the normal course of business. The ability to predict the ultimate outcome of such matters involves judgments, estimates and inherent uncertainties. Bunge records liabilities related to its general claims and lawsuits when the exposure item becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated. The range of possible losses for such matters cannot be reasonably estimated and could differ materially from amounts already accrued by the Company. After taking into account the recorded liabilities for these matters, management believes that the ultimate resolution of such matters will not have a material effect on Bunge’s financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. Included in other non-current liabilities at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are the following amounts related to these matters:

	June 30,		December 31,
(US$ in millions)	2013		2012
Tax claims	$	67	$	70
Labor claims	68		75
Civil and other claims	108		109
Total	$	243	$	254

Tax claims — The tax claims relate principally to claims against Bunge’s Brazilian subsidiaries, primarily value-added tax claims (ICMS, IPI, PIS and COFINS). The determination of the manner in which various Brazilian federal, state and municipal taxes apply to the operations of Bunge is subject to varying interpretations arising from the complex nature of Brazilian tax law. Bunge monitors the Brazilian federal and state governments’ responses to recent Brazilian Supreme Court decisions invalidating certain ICMS incentives and benefits granted by various states on constitutional grounds. While Bunge was not a recipient of any of the incentives and benefits that were the subject of the Supreme Court decisions, it has received certain similar tax incentives and benefits. Bunge has not received any tax assessment related to the validity of ICMS incentives or benefits it has received and, based on its assessment of the matter under the provisions of GAAP, no liability has been recorded in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Argentine tax authorities have been conducting a review of income and other taxes paid by exporters and processors of cereals and other agricultural commodities in the country. In that regard, in October 2010, the Argentine tax authorities carried out inspections at several of Bunge’s locations in Argentina relating to allegations of income tax evasion covering the periods from 2007 to 2009. In December 2012, Bunge’s Argentine subsidiary received an income tax assessment relating to fiscal years 2006 and 2007 with a claim of approximately 436 million pesos (approximately $81 million as of June 30, 2013), plus accrued interest on the outstanding amount due (including previously accrued interest) of approximately 670 million pesos (approximately $124 million as of June 30, 2013). Bunge’s Argentine subsidiary has appealed this assessment before the National Tax Court. Fiscal years 2008 and 2009 are currently being audited by the tax authorities. It is likely that the tax authorities will also audit fiscal years 2010-2012, although no notice has been rendered to Bunge’s Argentine subsidiary. Additionally, in April 2011, the Argentine tax authorities conducted inspections of Bunge’s locations and those of several other grain exporters with respect to allegations of evasion of liability for value-added taxes and an inquest proceeding has been initiated in the first quarter of 2012 to determine whether there is any potential criminal culpability relating to these matters. Also during 2011, Bunge paid $112 million of accrued export tax obligations in Argentina under protest while reserving all of its rights in respect of such payment. In the first quarter of 2012, the Argentine tax authorities assessed interest on these paid export taxes, which as of June 30, 2013, would total approximately $140 million. Additionally, in April 2012, the Argentine government suspended Bunge’s Argentine subsidiary from a registry of grain traders and, in October 2012, the government excluded Bunge’s subsidiary from this registry in connection with the income tax allegations. These actions primarily result in additional administrative requirements and increased logistical costs on domestic grain shipments within Argentina. While the suspension and exclusion have not had a material adverse effect on Bunge’s business in Argentina, Bunge is challenging the exclusion from the grain registry in the Argentine courts. Management believes that these tax-related allegations and claims are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against them. However, management is, at this time, unable to predict their outcome.

In December, 2012, the Brazilian tax authorities concluded an examination of the PIS COFINS tax returns of one of Bunge’s Brazilian subsidiaries for the years 2004-2007 and proposed adjustments totaling approximately $140 million plus applicable interest and penalties. Management, in consultation with external legal advisors, has reviewed and responded to the proposed adjustments. In conjunction with this review, management has established appropriate reserves for potential exposures.

Bunge is subject to many types of taxes around the world that include taxes at a federal, state and municipal level in a given jurisdiction and include not only taxes on income, but also property taxes, excise taxes and value-added taxes, among others. On July 9, 2013, Brazil adopted certain changes to the provisions of its PIS and COFINS tax laws. PIS and COFINS are taxes similar to value-added taxes levied at the federal level in Brazil. The changes relate to the inclusion of more of Bunge’s product mix in a “basic basket” of goods subject to a zero rate of tax when sold. In the short-term, it is expected that this will result in an increase in the accumulation of tax credits by Bunge’s Brazilian subsidiaries. Bunge is analyzing the impact of this change on its business operations and recoverable tax credit balances in Brazil.

Labor claims — The labor claims relate principally to claims against Bunge’s Brazilian subsidiaries. The labor claims primarily relate to dismissals, severance, health and safety, salary adjustments and supplementary retirement benefits.

Civil and other — The civil and other claims relate to various disputes with third parties, including suppliers and customers.

Guarantees — Bunge has issued or was a party to the following guarantees at June 30, 2013:

	Maximum
	Potential
	Future
(US$ in millions)	Payments
Customer financing (1)	$	39
Unconsolidated affiliates financing (2)	50
Residual value guarantee (3)	69
Total	$	158

(1) Bunge has issued guarantees to third parties in Brazil related to amounts owed to these third parties by certain of Bunge’s customers. The terms of the guarantees are equal to the terms of the related financing arrangements, which are generally one year or less, with the exception of guarantees issued under certain Brazilian government programs, primarily from 2006 and 2007, where terms are up to five years. In the event that the customers default on their payments to the third parties and Bunge would be required to perform under the guarantees, Bunge has obtained collateral from the customers. At June 30, 2013, Bunge had approximately $16 million of tangible property that had been pledged to Bunge as collateral against certain of these financing arrangements. Bunge evaluates the likelihood of customer repayments of the amounts due under these guarantees based upon an expected loss analysis and records the value of such guarantees as an obligation in its condensed consolidated financial statements. Bunge’s recorded obligation related to these outstanding guarantees was $17 million at June 30, 2013.

(2) Bunge issued guarantees to certain financial institutions related to debt of certain of its unconsolidated joint ventures. The terms of the guarantees are equal to the terms of the related financings which have maturity dates in 2014 through 2017. There are no recourse provisions or collateral that would enable Bunge to recover any amounts paid under these guarantees. At June 30, 2013, Bunge had no outstanding recorded obligation related to these guarantees.

(3) Bunge issued guarantees to certain financial institutions which are party to certain operating lease arrangements for railcars and barges. These guarantees provide for a minimum residual value to be received by the lessor at conclusion of the lease term. These leases expire in 2016. At June 30, 2013, Bunge’s recorded obligation related to these guarantees was $4 million.

In addition, Bunge Limited has provided full and unconditional parent level guarantees of the indebtedness outstanding under certain senior credit facilities and senior notes entered into, or issued by, its 100% owned subsidiaries. At June 30, 2013, Bunge’s condensed consolidated balance sheet includes debt with a carrying amount of $4,723 million related to these guarantees. This debt includes the senior notes issued by two of Bunge’s 100% owned finance subsidiaries, Bunge Limited Finance Corp. and Bunge N.A. Finance L.P. There are no significant restrictions on the ability of Bunge Limited Finance Corp., Bunge N.A. Finance L.P. or any other Bunge subsidiary to transfer funds to Bunge Limited.