14.COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Bunge is party to a large number of claims and lawsuits, primarily tax and labor claims in Brazil and tax claims in Argentina, arising in the normal course of business. The ability to predict the ultimate outcome of such matters involves judgments, estimates and inherent uncertainties. Bunge records liabilities related to its general claims and lawsuits when the exposure item becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated. Bunge management does not expect these matters to have a material adverse effect on Bunge’s financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. However, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and there exists the remote possibility of an adverse impact on Bunge’s position in the period the uncertainties are resolved whereby the settlement of the identified contingencies could exceed the amount of provisions included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Included in other non-current liabilities at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are the following amounts related to these matters:

	June 30,		December 31,
(US$ in millions)	2016		2015
Tax claims	$	205	$	163
Labor claims	87		75
Civil and other claims	90		78

Total	$	382	$	316

Tax claims (non-income tax) - These tax claims relate principally to claims against Bunge’s Brazilian subsidiaries, primarily value added tax claims (ICMS, IPI, PIS and COFINS). The determination of the manner in which various Brazilian federal, state and municipal taxes apply to the operations of Bunge is subject to varying interpretations arising from the complex nature of Brazilian tax law. In addition to the matter discussed below, Bunge monitors other potential claims in Brazil regarding these value-added taxes. In particular, Bunge monitors the Brazilian federal and state governments’ responses to recent Brazilian Supreme Court decisions invalidating on constitutional grounds certain ICMS incentives and benefits granted by various states. While Bunge was not a recipient of any of the incentives and benefits that were the subject of these Supreme Court decisions, it has received other similar tax incentives and benefits. Bunge has not received any tax assessment from the states that granted these incentives or benefits related to their validity and, based on the Company’s evaluation of this matter as required by U.S. GAAP, no liability has been recorded in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

On February 13, 2015, Brazil’s Supreme Federal Court ruled in a leading case that certain state ICMS tax credits for staple foods (including soy oil, margarine, mayonnaise and wheat flours) are unconstitutional. Bunge, like other companies in the Brazilian food industry, is involved in several administrative and judicial disputes with Brazilian states regarding these tax credits. While the leading case does not involve Bunge and each case is unique in facts and circumstances and applicable state law, the ruling has general precedent authority on lower court cases. Based on management’s review of the ruling (without considering the future success of any potential clarification or modulation of the ruling) and its general application to Bunge’s pending cases, management recorded a liability of 468 million Brazilian reais (approximately $146 million as of June 30, 2016), plus applicable interest. Management intends to continue to vigorously defend against its pending state cases.

During 2015 and the first half of 2016, Bunge’s Brazilian subsidiaries received in excess of two hundred ICMS assessments which ranged from less than 10 thousand Brazilian reais to 70 million Brazilian reais. In May 2014, the Brazilian tax authorities concluded an examination of the ICMS tax returns of one of Bunge’s sugar milling subsidiaries for the years 2010 through 2011 and proposed adjustments totaling approximately 45 million Brazilian reais (approximately $14 million as of June 30, 2016), plus applicable interest and penalties on the outstanding amount. Management, in consultation with external legal advisors, has determined that no reserves are required.

As of June 30, 2016 the Brazilian authorities have concluded examinations of the PIS COFINS tax returns and issued assessments relating to years 2004 through the first quarter of 2011. As of June 30, 2016, the cumulative claims for 2004 through 2011 were approximately 510 million Brazilian reais (approximately $159 million), plus applicable interest and penalties on the outstanding amount. As of December 31, 2015, the claims for 2004 through 2010 were approximately 500 million Brazilian reais (approximately $156 million as of June 30, 2016), plus applicable interest and penalties on the outstanding amount. Management, in consultation with external legal advisors, has established appropriate reserves for potential exposures.

Since 2010, the Argentine tax authorities have been conducting a review of income and other taxes paid by exporters and processors of cereals and other agricultural commodities in the country. In that regard, the Company has been subject to a number of assessments, proceedings and claims related to its activities. In 2011, Bunge’s subsidiary in Argentina paid $112 million of accrued export tax obligations under protest and preserved its rights with respect to such payment. In 2012, the Argentine tax authorities further assessed interest on these payments, which as of June 30, 2016, totaled approximately $219 million. In 2012, the Argentine government suspended Bunge’s Argentine subsidiary from a registry of grain traders. While the suspension has not had a material adverse effect on Bunge’s business in Argentina, these actions have resulted in additional administrative requirements and increased logistical costs on domestic grain shipments within Argentina. Bunge is challenging these actions in the Argentine courts.

Labor claims — The labor claims are principally claims against Bunge’s Brazilian subsidiaries. The labor claims primarily relate to dismissals, severance, health and safety, salary adjustments and supplementary retirement benefits.

Civil and other — The civil and other claims relate to various disputes with third parties, including suppliers and customers.

During the first quarter of 2016, Bunge received a notice from the Brazilian Administrative Council for Economic Defense initiating an administrative proceeding against its Brazilian subsidiary and two of its employees, certain of its former employees, several other companies in the Brazilian wheat milling industry and others for alleged anticompetitive activities in the north and northeast of Brazil. Bunge intends to defend against this action; however, the proceedings are at an early stage and Bunge cannot, at this time, reasonably predict the ultimate outcome of the proceedings or sanctions, if any, which may be imposed.

Guarantees — Bunge has issued or was a party to the following guarantees at June 30, 2016:

	Maximum
	Potential
	Future
(US$ in millions)	Payments
Unconsolidated affiliates financing (1)	$	66
Residual value guarantee (2)	154

Total	$	220

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Bunge issued guarantees to certain financial institutions related to debt of certain of its unconsolidated joint ventures. The terms of the guarantees are equal to the terms of the related financings which have maturity dates in 2016 through 2019. There are no recourse provisions or collateral that would enable Bunge to recover any amounts paid under these guarantees. At June 30, 2016, Bunge recorded no obligation related to these guarantees.

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Bunge issued guarantees to certain financial institutions which are party to certain operating lease arrangements for railcars and barges. These guarantees provide for a minimum residual value to be received by the lessor at conclusion of the lease term. These leases expire at various dates from 2016 through 2020. At June 30, 2016, Bunge’s recorded obligation related to these guarantees was $4 million.

In addition, Bunge Limited has provided full and unconditional parent level guarantees of the outstanding indebtedness under certain credit facilities entered into, and senior notes issued, by its subsidiaries. At June 30, 2016, Bunge’s condensed consolidated balance sheet includes debt with a carrying amount of $5,549 million related to these guarantees. This debt includes the senior notes issued by three of Bunge’s 100% owned finance subsidiaries, Bunge Limited Finance Corp., Bunge Finance Europe, B.V. and Bunge N.A. Finance L.P. There are no significant restrictions on the ability of Bunge Limited Finance Corp., Bunge Finance Europe, B.V. and Bunge N.A. Finance L.P. or any other Bunge subsidiary to transfer funds to Bunge Limited.