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Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Summary of Stock Option Activity
The following table summarizes stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for the 2019 Plan:
OptionsWeighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding as of January 1, 20222,157,460 $13.54 
Granted1,837,513 $8.90 
Exercised(852)$5.67 — 
Forfeited or expired(194,548)$11.62 
Outstanding as of September 30, 20223,799,573 $11.40 8.59$2,400 
Options vested and expected to vest as of September 30, 20223,799,573 $11.40 8.59$2,400 
Options exercisable as of September 30, 20221,248,875 $13.63 7.64$— 
OptionsWeighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding as of January 1, 20211,117,160 $12.96 
Granted1,033,809 $14.95 
Exercised— $— 
Forfeited or expired(105,009)$14.32 
Outstanding as of September 30, 20212,045,960 $13.90 8.91$74,460 
Options vested and expected to vest as of September 30, 20212,045,960 $13.90 8.91$74,460 
Options exercisable as of September 30, 2021665,168 $13.39 8.33$43,121 
Schedule of Valuation Assumptions Used The following are the underlying assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options granted to employees and to non-employees under this stock plan:
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20222021
Risk-free interest rate2.04%0.88%
Expected dividend yield0%0%
Expected volatility97.8%92.4%
Expected term of options (years)6.005.95
Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense for Stock Awards Recognized
Total stock-based compensation expense for all stock awards recognized in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations is as follows:
 Three Months
 Ended September 30,
Nine Months
 Ended September 30,
 2022202120222021
Research and development$831,000 $456,000 $2,392,000 $1,279,000 
General and administrative1,081,000 941,000 3,651,000 3,204,000 
Total$1,912,000 $1,397,000 $6,043,000 $4,483,000