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Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Summary of Stock Option Activity
The following table summarizes stock option activity for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, for the 2019 Plan:
OptionsWeighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding as of January 1, 20233,791,688 $11.33 
Granted1,815,314 $1.41 
Exercised— $— — 
Forfeited or expired(11,161)$13.29 
Outstanding as of March 31, 20235,595,841 $8.11 8.66$161,428 
Options vested and expected to vest as of March 31, 20235,595,841 $8.11 8.66$161,428 
Options exercisable as of March 31, 20231,888,367 $12.66 7.67$1,980 
OptionsWeighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding as of January 1, 20222,157,460 $13.54 
Granted1,301,513 $10.90 
Exercised(852)$5.67 
Forfeited or expired(34,639)$12.68 
Outstanding as of March 31, 20223,423,482 $12.55 9.00$1,464,329 
Options vested and expected to vest as of March 31, 20223,423,482 $12.55 9.00$1,464,329 
Options exercisable as of March 31, 2022952,888 $13.85 8.25$215,617 
Schedule of Valuation Assumptions Used The following are the underlying assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options granted to employees and to non-employees under this stock plan:
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Risk-free interest rate3.97%1.53%
Expected dividend yield0%0%
Expected volatility102.0%97.4%
Expected term of options (years)6.026.02
Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense for Stock Awards Recognized
Total stock-based compensation expense for all stock awards recognized in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations is as follows:
 Three Months
 Ended March 31,
 20232022
Research and development$903,000 $796,000 
General and administrative$1,076,000 $1,273,000 
Total$1,979,000 $2,069,000