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Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of Stock Option Activity
The following table summarizes stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, for the 2019 Plan:
OptionsWeighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding as of January 1, 20246,196,140 $7.15 
Granted4,810,349 $1.22 
Exercised— $— 
Repricing Modification— $9.55 
Forfeited or expired(186,931)$2.55 
Outstanding as of June 30, 202410,819,558 $1.66 8.43$1,875 
Options vested and expected to vest as of June 30, 202410,819,558 $1.66 8.43$1,875 
Options exercisable as of June 30, 20243,606,762 $2.14 6.97$— 

OptionsWeighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding as of January 1, 20233,791,688 $11.33 
Granted2,059,314 $1.45 
Exercised— $— 
Forfeited or expired(80,926)$8.25 
Outstanding as of June 30, 20235,770,076 $7.85 8.42$2,170,958 
Options vested and expected to vest as of June 30, 20235,770,076 $7.85 8.42$2,170,958 
Options exercisable as of June 30, 20232,184,848 $12.05 7.43$62,614 
Schedule of Valuation Assumptions Used The following are the underlying assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options granted to employees and to non-employees under this stock plan:
Six Months Ended June 30,
20242023
Risk-free interest rate4.10%3.93%
Expected dividend yield0%0%
Expected volatility99.6%101.6%
Expected term of options (years)5.955.99
Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense for Stock Awards Recognized
Total stock-based compensation expense for all stock awards recognized in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations is as follows:
 Three Months
 Ended June 30,
Six Months
 Ended June 30,
 2024202320242023
Research and development$842,000 $889,000 $2,005,000 $1,792,000 
General and administrative1,040,000 909,000 2,627,000 1,985,000 
Total$1,882,000 $1,798,000 $4,632,000 $3,777,000