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Fair Value | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value | Fair Value The following fair value hierarchy tables present information about each major category of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
| Fair Value Measurement at September 30, 2025
| Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 26,027 |  |  | $ | 26,027 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 26,027 |  |  | $ | 26,027 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
| Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2024
| Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 14,751 |  |  | $ | 14,751 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total assets | $ | 14,751 |  |  | $ | 14,751 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 assets during the periods presented. For the Company’s money market funds which are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, realized gains and losses are included in interest income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Our money market fund account is held in our bank in the U.S. and was earning interest at a rate of 4.0% in a U.S. Government money market fund. The Company has cash balances in banks in excess of the maximum amount insured by the FDIC and other international agencies as of September 30, 2025. The Company has not historically experienced any credit losses with balances in excess of FDIC limits. The Company recorded tranche rights of $23.6 million at January 8, 2024 as a result of the January 2024 Financing (see note 6). The fair value measurement of the tranche rights associated with the January 2024 Financing was classified as Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the tranche rights was determined using a Black Scholes Option Pricing Model. The inputs to this model included a risk-free rate range of 3.93%-4.36%, a stock price volatility range of 105%-115%, an expected dividend rate of 0% and remaining term of 1.81-4.81 years. This liability was revalued on March 4, 2024, upon stockholder approval to increase its authorized shares of common stock from 130 million to 500 million, which resulted in the reclassification of the tranche rights from a liability to equity. This revaluation resulted in an increase in the tranche rights liability of $4.8 million using a Black Scholes Option Pricing Model. The inputs to this model as of the date of the reclassification included a risk-free rate range of 4.16%-4.63%, a stock price volatility range of 90%-105%, an expected dividend rate of 0% and remaining term of 1.66-4.66 years. The inputs used in the determination of fair value of the liability are level 3 inputs. A roll-forward of the fair value of the tranche rights is as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2023 | $ | — |
Fair value as of January 8, 2024 | $ | 23,600 |
Change in fair value through March 4, 2024 | $ | 4,796 |
Reclassification to equity in March 2024 | $ | (28,396) |
December 31, 2024 | $ | — |
The Company recorded a SARs liability of $1.5 million as of September 30, 2025 as a result of the grant of up to 35 million SARs (see note 7). The fair value of the SARs liability was classified as Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy. The Company utilized a Monte Carlo simulation model in conjunction with a Probability-Weighted Expected Return Model (“PWERM”) to estimate the fair value of the SARs liabilities. This valuation model incorporates various assumptions, including stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, and the expected term of the underlying equity instruments and SARs. The following table summarizes the key assumptions used in estimating the fair value of the SARs at issuance and on September 30, 2025:
| July 7, 2025 |  | September 30, 2025
Expected term (years) | 1-2.90 |  | 0.90-2.80
Risk-free interest rate | 4.17%-4.38% |  | 3.79%-4.11%
Stock price volatility | 85%-115% |  | 85%-115%
Probability (1) | 50%-50% |  | 50%-50%
Dividend rate | — | % |  | — | %
(1) Scenario probability was based on timing expectations of the Company that a corporate transaction occurring was estimated at 50%; and a corporate transaction not occurring at 50%. The carrying amounts of other current assets and prepaid expenses, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature. The fair value and book value of the money market funds presented in the table above are the same.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (bbb)(1) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 107 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-107 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 55 -Paragraph 100 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482078/820-10-55-100 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(3) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2E -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2E Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (f) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6A -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-6A Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (h) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (g) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 940 -SubTopic 820 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147478119/940-820-50-1 + Details
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