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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2023
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation ​ The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, and are prepared in accordance with GAAP. All intercompany activity has been eliminated in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of the Company. ​ The Company’s subsidiaries include: (1) International Medication Systems, Limited, or IMS, (2) Armstrong Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Armstrong, (3) Amphastar Nanjing Pharmaceuticals Inc., or ANP, (4) Amphastar France Pharmaceuticals, S.A.S., or AFP, (5) Amphastar UK Ltd., or AUK, and (6) International Medication Systems (UK) Limited, or IMS UK. ​
Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates | Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliate ​ The Company applies the equity method of accounting for investments when it has significant influence, but not controlling interest in the investee. Judgment regarding the level of influence over each equity method investment includes key factors such as ownership interest, representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making decisions and material intercompany transactions. The Company’s proportionate share of the earnings or losses resulting from these investments is reported as “Equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliate” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Investments accounted for using the equity method may be reported on a lag of up to three months if financial statements of the investee are not available in sufficient time for the investor to apply the equity method as of the current reporting date. The determination of whether an investee’s results are recorded on a lag is made on an investment-by-investment basis. ​ The carrying value of equity method investments is reported as “Investment in unconsolidated affiliate” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s equity method investments are reported at cost and adjusted each period for the Company’s share of the investee’s earnings or losses and dividends paid, if any. ​ The Company assesses equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an investment may not be recoverable. If the decline in value is considered to be other than temporary, the investment is written down to its estimated fair value, which establishes a new cost basis in the investment. No such impairment was identified for any of the periods presented. ​
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates ​ The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The principal accounting estimates include: determination of allowances for credit losses, fair value of financial instruments, allowance for discounts, provision for chargebacks and rebates, provision for product returns, adjustment of inventory to its net realizable value, impairment of investments, long-lived and intangible assets and goodwill, accrual for workers’ compensation liabilities, litigation reserves, stock price volatility for share-based compensation expense, valuation allowances for deferred tax assets, and liabilities for uncertain income tax positions. ​
Foreign Currency | Foreign Currency ​ The functional currency of the Company, its domestic subsidiaries, its Chinese subsidiary ANP, and its U.K. subsidiary, AUK, is the U.S. Dollar, or USD. ANP maintains its books of record in Chinese yuan. These books are remeasured into the functional currency of USD using the current or historical exchange rates. The resulting currency remeasurement adjustments and other transactional foreign currency exchange gains and losses are reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. ​ The Company’s French subsidiary, AFP, maintains its book of record in euros. AUK’s subsidiary, IMS UK, maintains its book of record in British pounds. These local currencies have been determined to be the subsidiaries’ respective functional currencies. Activities in the statements of operations are translated to USD using average exchange rates during the period. Assets and liabilities are translated at the rate of exchange prevailing on the balance sheet date. Equity is translated at the prevailing rate of exchange at the date of the equity transactions. Translation adjustments are reflected in stockholders’ equity and are included as a component of other accumulated comprehensive income (loss). The unrealized gains or losses of intercompany foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term investment nature are reported in other accumulated comprehensive income (loss). ​ The unrealized gains and losses of intercompany foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term investment nature for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were $0.6 million gain and $0.6 million loss, respectively. ​
Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Comprehensive Income ​ The Company’s comprehensive income includes its foreign currency translation gains and losses as well as its share of other comprehensive income from its equity method investments.
Advertising Expense | ​ Advertising Expense ​ Advertising expenses, primarily associated with Primatene MIST®, are recorded as they are incurred, except for expenses related to the development of a major commercial or media campaign, which are expensed in the period in which the commercial or campaign is first presented, and are reflected as a component of selling, distribution and marketing in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, advertising expenses were $3.3 million and $2.4 million, respectively.
Financial Instruments | Financial Instruments ​ The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, restricted cash and short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and short-term borrowings approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these items. The majority of the Company’s long-term obligations consist of variable rate debt, and their carrying value approximates fair value as the stated borrowing rates are comparable to rates currently offered to the Company for instruments with similar maturities. The Company at times enters into interest rate swap contracts to manage its exposure to interest rate changes and its overall cost of long-term debt. The Company’s interest rate swap contracts exchange the variable interest rates for fixed interest rates. ​ From time to time, the Company may enter into forward currency contracts to lock in currency exchange rates to manage its foreign currency exchange rate exposure. The Company’s interest rate swaps and forward currency contracts have not been designated as hedging instruments and, therefore are recorded at their fair values at the end of each reporting period with changes in fair value recorded in other income (expenses) on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2023, the Company did not have any unsettled forward currency contracts to purchase foreign currency. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had an unsettled forward currency contract to purchase foreign currency with a fair value of approximately $0.2 million, based on Level 2 inputs, which was recorded as a liability in the accounts payable and accrued liabilities line in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. ​
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents ​ Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash, money market accounts, certificates of deposit and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. ​
Investments | Investments ​ Investments as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of certificates of deposit and investment grade corporate and municipal bonds with original maturity dates between three and fifteen months. ​
Restricted Cash | Restricted Cash ​ Restricted cash is collateral required for the Company to guarantee certain vendor payments in France. As of each of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the restricted cash balance was $0.2 million. ​
Restricted Short-Term Investments | Restricted Short-Term Investments ​ Restricted short-term investments consist of certificates of deposit that are collateral for standby letters of credit to qualify for workers’ compensation self-insurance. The certificates of deposit have original maturities greater than three months, but less than one year. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the balance of restricted short-term investments was $2.2 million.
Deferred Income Taxes | Deferred Income Taxes ​ The Company utilizes the liability method of accounting for income taxes, under which deferred taxes are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statements and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. ​
Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies | Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies ​ Litigation, commitments and contingencies are accrued when management, after considering the facts and circumstances of each matter as then known to management, has determined it is probable a liability will be found to have been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. When only a range of amounts is reasonably estimable and no amount within the range is more likely than another, the low end of the range is recorded. Legal fees are expensed as incurred. Due to the inherent uncertainties surrounding gain contingencies, the Company generally does not recognize potential gains until they are realized. ​
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements ​ The Company does not believe that any recently issued effective pronouncements, or pronouncements issued but not yet effective, if adopted, would have a material effect on the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

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