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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_______________________________________________________
Form 10-Q

☑ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| For the quarterly period ended
| June 30, 2025
| Or
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 001-32410

CELANESE CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware | 98-0420726
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

222 W. Las Colinas Blvd., Suite 900N
Irving, TX 75039-5421
(Address of Principal Executive Offices and zip code)
(972) 443-4000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share | CE | The New York Stock Exchange
4.777% Senior Notes due 2026 | CE /26A | The New York Stock Exchange
2.125% Senior Notes due 2027 | CE /27 | The New York Stock Exchange
0.625% Senior Notes due 2028 | CE /28 | The New York Stock Exchange
5.337% Senior Notes due 2029 | CE /29A | The New York Stock Exchange
5.000% Senior Notes due 2031 | CE /31 | The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
The number of outstanding shares of the registrant's Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, as of August 4, 2025 was 109,503,729.

Table of Contents
CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Form 10-Q
For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2025
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
| PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 3
| a) Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 | 3
| b) Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 | 4
| c) Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 | 5
| d) Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 | 6
| e) Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 | 8
| f) Notes to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements | 9
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 36
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 53
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 53
| PART II - OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 54
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 54
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 54
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 54
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 54
Item 5. | Other Information | 54
Item 6. | Exhibits | 55
Signatures | 56

2

Table of Contents
Item 1. Financial Statements
CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
| (In $ millions, except share and per share data)
Net sales | 2,532 |  |  | 2,651 |  |  | 4,921 |  |  | 5,262 |
Cost of sales | (1,997) |  |  | (2,010) |  |  | (3,910) |  |  | (4,067) |
Gross profit | 535 |  |  | 641 |  |  | 1,011 |  |  | 1,195 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (213) |  |  | (255) |  |  | (443) |  |  | (520) |
Amortization of intangible assets | (42) |  |  | (38) |  |  | (82) |  |  | (79) |
Research and development expenses | (31) |  |  | (33) |  |  | (62) |  |  | (67) |
Other (charges) gains, net | (20) |  |  | (48) |  |  | (51) |  |  | (62) |
Foreign exchange gain (loss), net | 6 |  |  | (9) |  |  | 27 |  |  | 2 |
Gain (loss) on disposition of businesses and assets, net | (2) |  |  | (8) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (9) |
Operating profit (loss) | 233 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 401 |  |  | 460 |
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates | 29 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 106 |
Non-operating pension and other postretirement employee benefit (expense) income | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Interest expense | (177) |  |  | (174) |  |  | (347) |  |  | (343) |
Refinancing expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32) |  |  | — |
Interest income | 7 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 23 |
Dividend income - equity investments | 41 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 65 |
Other income (expense), net | 1 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 25 |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before tax | 135 |  |  | 183 |  |  | 132 |  |  | 340 |
Income tax (provision) benefit | 77 |  |  | (29) |  |  | 68 |  |  | (62) |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations | 212 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 278 |
Earnings (loss) from operation of discontinued operations | (10) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (16) |  |  | (1) |
Income tax (provision) benefit from discontinued operations | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations | (10) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (1) |
Net earnings (loss) | 202 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 277 |
Net (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (3) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (7) |  |  | (1) |
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Celanese Corporation | 199 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 276 |
Amounts attributable to Celanese Corporation |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations | 209 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 193 |  |  | 277 |
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations | (10) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (1) |
Net earnings (loss) | 199 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 276 |
Earnings (loss) per common share - basic |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations | 1.91 |  |  | 1.43 |  |  | 1.76 |  |  | 2.54 |
Discontinued operations | (0.09) |  |  | (0.01) |  |  | (0.13) |  |  | (0.01) |
Net earnings (loss) - basic | 1.82 |  |  | 1.42 |  |  | 1.63 |  |  | 2.53 |
Earnings (loss) per common share - diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations | 1.90 |  |  | 1.42 |  |  | 1.76 |  |  | 2.53 |
Discontinued operations | (0.09) |  |  | (0.01) |  |  | (0.14) |  |  | (0.01) |
Net earnings (loss) - diluted | 1.81 |  |  | 1.41 |  |  | 1.62 |  |  | 2.52 |
Weighted average shares - basic | 109,526,113 |  |  | 109,314,411 |  |  | 109,473,864 |  |  | 109,191,736 |
Weighted average shares - diluted | 109,734,396 |  |  | 109,547,401 |  |  | 109,686,840 |  |  | 109,523,364 |

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
3

Table of Contents
CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
| (In $ millions)
Net earnings (loss) | 202 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 277 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation gain (loss) | (70) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (75) |  |  | (61) |
Gain (loss) on derivative hedges | (15) |  |  | 12 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 14 |
Pension and postretirement benefits | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (86) |  |  | 5 |  |  | (55) |  |  | (48) |
Total comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 116 |  |  | 158 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 229 |
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (4) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (8) |  |  | (1) |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Celanese Corporation | 112 |  |  | 160 |  |  | 122 |  |  | 228 |

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
4

Table of Contents
CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| As of June 30, 2025 |  | As of December 31, 2024
| (In $ millions, except share data)
ASSETS |  |  |
Current Assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | 1,173 |  |  | 962 |
Trade receivables - third party and affiliates | 1,216 |  |  | 1,121 |
Non-trade receivables, net | 703 |  |  | 493 |
Inventories | 2,288 |  |  | 2,284 |
Other assets | 295 |  |  | 285 |
Total current assets | 5,675 |  |  | 5,145 |
Investments in affiliates | 1,263 |  |  | 1,217 |
Property, plant and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation - 2025: $4,995; 2024: $4,562) | 5,303 |  |  | 5,273 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 388 |  |  | 388 |
Deferred income taxes | 1,321 |  |  | 1,251 |
Other assets | 525 |  |  | 555 |
Goodwill | 5,466 |  |  | 5,387 |
Intangible assets, net | 3,772 |  |  | 3,641 |
Total assets | 23,713 |  |  | 22,857 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |
Current Liabilities |  |  |
Short-term borrowings and current installments of long-term debt - third party and affiliates | 252 |  |  | 1,501 |
Trade payables - third party and affiliates | 1,283 |  |  | 1,228 |
Other liabilities | 1,137 |  |  | 1,157 |
Income taxes payable | 95 |  |  | 4 |
Total current liabilities | 2,767 |  |  | 3,890 |
Long-term debt, net of unamortized deferred financing costs | 12,689 |  |  | 11,078 |
Deferred income taxes | 704 |  |  | 925 |
Uncertain tax positions | 226 |  |  | 286 |
Benefit obligations | 411 |  |  | 396 |
Operating lease liabilities | 295 |  |  | 294 |
Other liabilities | 917 |  |  | 408 |
Commitments and Contingencies |  |  |
Shareholders' Equity |  |  |
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 400,000,000 shares authorized (2025: 170,914,461 issued and 109,501,876 outstanding; 2024: 170,827,196 issued and 109,327,556 outstanding) | — |  |  | — |
Treasury stock, at cost (2025: 61,412,585 shares; 2024: 61,499,640 shares) | (5,483) |  |  | (5,486) |
Additional paid-in capital | 419 |  |  | 409 |
Retained earnings | 11,243 |  |  | 11,071 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net | (903) |  |  | (848) |
Total Celanese Corporation shareholders' equity | 5,276 |  |  | 5,146 |
Noncontrolling interests | 428 |  |  | 434 |
Total equity | 5,704 |  |  | 5,580 |
Total liabilities and equity | 23,713 |  |  | 22,857 |

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
5

Table of Contents
CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

| Three Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount
| (In $ millions, except share data)
Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of the beginning of the period | 109,403,403 |  |  | — |  |  | 109,210,286 |  |  | — |
Stock option exercises | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,292 |  |  | — |
Stock awards | 98,473 |  |  | — |  |  | 50,985 |  |  | — |
Balance as of the end of the period | 109,501,876 |  |  | — |  |  | 109,262,563 |  |  | — |
Treasury Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of the beginning of the period | 61,499,640 |  |  | (5,486) |  |  | 61,570,314 |  |  | (5,488) |
Issuance of treasury stock under stock plans | (87,055) |  |  | 3 |  |  | (33,068) |  |  | 1 |
Balance as of the end of the period | 61,412,585 |  |  | (5,483) |  |  | 61,537,246 |  |  | (5,487) |
Additional Paid-In Capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of the beginning of the period |  |  | 413 |  |  |  |  | 383 |
Stock-based compensation, net of tax |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 11 |
Balance as of the end of the period |  |  | 419 |  |  |  |  | 394 |
Retained Earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of the beginning of the period |  |  | 11,047 |  |  |  |  | 12,953 |
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Celanese Corporation |  |  | 199 |  |  |  |  | 155 |
Common stock dividends |  |  | (3) |  |  |  |  | (77) |
Balance as of the end of the period |  |  | 11,243 |  |  |  |  | 13,031 |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of the beginning of the period |  |  | (817) |  |  |  |  | (797) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  | (86) |  |  |  |  | 5 |
Balance as of the end of the period |  |  | (903) |  |  |  |  | (792) |
Total Celanese Corporation shareholders' equity |  |  | 5,276 |  |  |  |  | 7,146 |
Noncontrolling Interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of the beginning of the period |  |  | 429 |  |  |  |  | 460 |
Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | (2) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | (1) |
Distributions/dividends to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (5) |  |  |  |  | (14) |
Balance as of the end of the period |  |  | 428 |  |  |  |  | 443 |
Total equity |  |  | 5,704 |  |  |  |  | 7,589 |

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
6

Table of Contents
CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount
| (In $ millions, except share data)
Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of the beginning of the period | 109,327,556 |  |  | — |  |  | 108,906,426 |  |  | — |
Stock option exercises | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,239 |  |  | — |
Stock awards | 174,320 |  |  | — |  |  | 346,898 |  |  | — |
Balance as of the end of the period | 109,501,876 |  |  | — |  |  | 109,262,563 |  |  | — |
Treasury Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of the beginning of the period | 61,499,640 |  |  | (5,486) |  |  | 61,570,314 |  |  | (5,488) |
Issuance of treasury stock under stock plans | (87,055) |  |  | 3 |  |  | (33,068) |  |  | 1 |
Balance as of the end of the period | 61,412,585 |  |  | (5,483) |  |  | 61,537,246 |  |  | (5,487) |
Additional Paid-In Capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of the beginning of the period |  |  | 409 |  |  |  |  | 394 |
Stock-based compensation, net of tax |  |  | 10 |  |  |  |  | (1) |
Stock option exercises, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1 |
Balance as of the end of the period |  |  | 419 |  |  |  |  | 394 |
Retained Earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of the beginning of the period |  |  | 11,071 |  |  |  |  | 12,909 |
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Celanese Corporation |  |  | 178 |  |  |  |  | 276 |
Common stock dividends |  |  | (6) |  |  |  |  | (154) |
Balance as of the end of the period |  |  | 11,243 |  |  |  |  | 13,031 |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of the beginning of the period |  |  | (848) |  |  |  |  | (744) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  | (55) |  |  |  |  | (48) |
Balance as of the end of the period |  |  | (903) |  |  |  |  | (792) |
Total Celanese Corporation shareholders' equity |  |  | 5,276 |  |  |  |  | 7,146 |
Noncontrolling Interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of the beginning of the period |  |  | 434 |  |  |  |  | 461 |
Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 1 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | (1) |
Distributions/dividends to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (14) |  |  |  |  | (18) |
Balance as of the end of the period |  |  | 428 |  |  |  |  | 443 |
Total equity |  |  | 5,704 |  |  |  |  | 7,589 |

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
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CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
| (In $ millions)
Operating Activities |  |  |
Net earnings (loss) | 185 |  |  | 277 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  |  |
Asset impairments | — |  |  | 5 |
Depreciation, amortization and accretion | 384 |  |  | 425 |
Pension and postretirement net periodic benefit cost | 4 |  |  | 3 |
Pension and postretirement contributions | (27) |  |  | (25) |
Deferred income taxes, net | (44) |  |  | 4 |
(Gain) loss on disposition of businesses and assets, net | (2) |  |  | 8 |
Stock-based compensation | 12 |  |  | 20 |
Undistributed earnings in unconsolidated affiliates | 2 |  |  | (10) |
Other, net | 40 |  |  | 4 |
Operating cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations | 8 |  |  | (9) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities |  |  |
Trade receivables - third party and affiliates, net | (31) |  |  | (37) |
Inventories | 115 |  |  | (143) |
Other assets | 99 |  |  | (29) |
Trade payables - third party and affiliates | 38 |  |  | 99 |
Other liabilities | (336) |  |  | (199) |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 447 |  |  | 393 |
Investing Activities |  |  |
Capital expenditures on property, plant and equipment | (195) |  |  | (242) |
Proceeds from sale of businesses and assets, net | 7 |  |  | (4) |
Settlement of cross-currency swap agreement | — |  |  | 17 |
Other, net | 2 |  |  | (13) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (186) |  |  | (242) |
Financing Activities |  |  |
Net change in short-term borrowings with maturities of 3 months or less | 1 |  |  | 8 |
Proceeds from short-term borrowings | 589 |  |  | 160 |
Repayments of short-term borrowings | (555) |  |  | (418) |
Proceeds from long-term debt | 2,821 |  |  | 183 |
Repayments of long-term debt | (2,833) |  |  | (485) |
Stock option exercises | — |  |  | 1 |
Common stock dividends | (6) |  |  | (154) |
Distributions/dividends to noncontrolling interests | (14) |  |  | (18) |
Other, net | (74) |  |  | (25) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (71) |  |  | (748) |
Exchange rate effects on cash and cash equivalents | 21 |  |  | (23) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 211 |  |  | (620) |
Cash and cash equivalents as of beginning of period | 962 |  |  | 1,805 |
Cash and cash equivalents as of end of period | 1,173 |  |  | 1,185 |

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
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CELANESE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Description of the Company and Basis of Presentation
Description of the Company
Celanese Corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") is a global chemical and specialty materials company. The Company produces high performance engineered polymers that are used in a variety of high-value applications, as well as acetyl products, which are intermediate chemicals for nearly all major industries. The Company also engineers and manufactures a wide variety of products essential to everyday living. The Company's broad product portfolio serves a diverse set of end-use applications including automotive, chemical additives, construction, consumer and industrial adhesives, medical, consumer electronics, energy storage, filtration, paints and coatings, paper and packaging, industrial applications and textiles.
Definitions
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Quarterly Report"), the term "Celanese" refers to Celanese Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and not its subsidiaries. The term "Celanese U.S." refers to the Company's subsidiary, Celanese US Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and not its subsidiaries.
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 contained in this Quarterly Report were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for all periods presented and include the accounts of the Company, its majority owned subsidiaries over which the Company exercises control and, when applicable, variable interest entities in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and other financial information included in this Quarterly Report, unless otherwise specified, have been presented to separately show the effects of discontinued operations.
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets and related unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), cash flows and equity include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring items necessary for their fair presentation in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed on February 21, 2025 with the SEC as part of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year.
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements relative to a number of topics, including acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures, supply agreements, product sales and other arrangements. The Company endeavors to describe those contracts or agreements that are material to its business, results of operations or financial position. The Company may also describe some arrangements that are not material but in which the Company believes investors may have an interest or which may have been included in a Form 8-K filing. Investors should not assume the Company has described all contracts and agreements relative to the Company's business in this Quarterly Report.
For those consolidated ventures in which the Company owns or is exposed to less than 100% of the economics, the outside shareholders' interests are shown as noncontrolling interests.
Immaterial Revision of Prior Period Financial Statements
During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company identified an immaterial error in the estimate of the rebates accrual for certain distributors included in Customer rebates (Note 6). The Company evaluated the error, both quantitatively and qualitatively, and concluded that the impact of this error is not material to any previously issued annual or interim consolidated financial statements for the impacted periods and is not material to the current period if left uncorrected; however, to promote the consistency and comparability of the financial statements, the Company has voluntarily revised previously reported financial information.
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The Company corrected this error in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024, increasing Other current liabilities by $37 million, decreasing Deferred income taxes liability by $8 million and decreasing Retained earnings by $29 million. The consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were impacted by a decrease to Net sales of $12 million, $14 million, $5 million and $6 million, respectively, and a decrease to Income tax provision of $3 million, an increase to Income tax benefit of $3 million, an increase to Income tax benefit of $1 million, and a decrease to Income tax provision of $1 million, respectively.
Estimates and Assumptions
The preparation of unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of net sales, expenses and allocated charges during the reporting period. Significant estimates pertain to impairments of goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, purchase price allocations, restructuring costs and other (charges) gains, net, income taxes, pension and other postretirement benefits, asset retirement obligations, environmental liabilities and loss contingencies, among others. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The following table provides a brief description of recent Accounting Standard Updates ("ASU") issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") and final rules issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"):

Standard/Final Rule |  | Description |  | Effective Date |  | Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (DISE) and on January 6, 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, Clarifying the Effective Date. |  | The new guidance requires a public business entity ("PBE") to disclose, on an annual and interim basis, additional information about certain costs and expenses in the notes to financial statements. Specifically, in a tabular disclosure, the amounts of (a) purchases of inventory; (b) employee compensation; (c) depreciation; (d) intangible asset amortization; and (e) depreciation, depletion, and amortization recognized as part of oil- and gas-producing activities (or other amounts of depletion expense) included in each relevant expense caption. Within the same tabular disclosure, a PBE is required to include certain expense, gain, or loss amounts that are already required to be disclosed under U.S. GAAP. Additionally, a PBE is required to disclose a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively. The guidance also requires a PBE to disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity's definition of selling expenses. |  | Effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. |  | The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption on its financial statement disclosures.

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Standard/Final Rule |  | Description |  | Effective Date |  | Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
In March 2024, the SEC issued Release No. 33-11275, The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors. |  | The final rule will require the disclosure of Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions, if material, which will be subject to phased-in assurance requirements, governance of climate-related risks, risk management processes and climate-related targets and goals. Within the notes to financial statements, the final rule requires disclosure of certain climate-related financial statement effects and metrics. |  | Phased-in and effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The SEC stayed the effectiveness of the final rule in April 2024, pending judicial review. In March 2025, the SEC voted to end its defense of the final rule. |  | The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption on its financial statement disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. |  | The new guidance requires an entity to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. Additionally, the guidance requires an entity to disclose annual income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal (national), state and foreign taxes and disaggregate the information by jurisdiction based on a quantitative threshold. The guidance also requires an entity to disclose income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign and income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal (national), state and foreign. |  | Effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. |  | The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption on its financial statement disclosures.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. |  | The new guidance requires an entity to disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") and included within segment profit or loss, as well as an amount of other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition. Additionally, the guidance requires an entity to disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The update is required to be applied retrospectively to prior periods presented, based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. |  | Effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. |  | The Company adopted the new guidance effective for the year ended December 31, 2024. The adoption of the new guidance did not have a material impact to the Company.

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3. Acquisitions, Dispositions and Plant Closures
On May 5, 2025, the Company announced its intent to divest its Micromax® portfolio of products as an opportunity for cash generation and deleveraging of the Company's balance sheet. These operations do not meet the accounting criteria to be classified as assets held for sale as of June 30, 2025, nor does the proposed transaction represent a strategic shift in the Company's future operations and financial results.
4. Inventories

| As of June 30, 2025 |  | As of December 31, 2024
| (In $ millions)
Finished goods | 1,645 |  |  | 1,605 |
Work-in-process | 115 |  |  | 119 |
Raw materials and supplies | 528 |  |  | 560 |
Total | 2,288 |  |  | 2,284 |

5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net
Goodwill

| Engineered Materials |  |  |  | Acetyl Chain |  | Total |
| (In $ millions) |
As of December 31, 2024(1) | 5,025 |  |  |  |  | 362 |  |  | 5,387 |  |
Exchange rate changes | 52 |  |  |  |  | 27 |  |  | 79 |  |
As of June 30, 2025(1) | 5,077 |  |  |  |  | 389 |  |  | 5,466 |  |

______________________________
(1)Includes accumulated impairment losses of $1.5 billion in the Engineered Materials segment as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Intangible Assets, Net
Finite-lived intangible assets are as follows:

| Licenses |  | Customer- Related Intangible Assets |  | Developed Technology |  | Covenants Not to Compete and Other |  | Total |
| (In $ millions) |
Gross Asset Value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
As of December 31, 2024 | 40 |  |  | 2,406 |  |  | 587 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 3,088 |  |
Exchange rate changes | 1 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 193 |  |
As of June 30, 2025 | 41 |  |  | 2,570 |  |  | 614 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 3,281 |  |
Accumulated Amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
As of December 31, 2024 | (37) |  |  | (728) |  |  | (134) |  |  | (43) |  |  | (942) |  |
Amortization | — |  |  | (60) |  |  | (21) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (82) |  |
Exchange rate changes | (1) |  |  | (57) |  |  | (6) |  |  | — |  |  | (64) |  |
As of June 30, 2025 | (38) |  |  | (845) |  |  | (161) |  |  | (44) |  |  | (1,088) |  |
Net book value | 3 |  |  | 1,725 |  |  | 453 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 2,193 |  |

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Indefinite-lived intangible assets are as follows:

| Trademarks and Trade Names |
| (In $ millions) |
As of December 31, 2024 | 1,495 |  |
Exchange rate changes | 84 |  |
As of June 30, 2025 | 1,579 |  |

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company did not renew or extend any intangible assets.
Estimated amortization expense for the succeeding five fiscal years is as follows:

| (In $ millions)
2026 | 166 |
2027 | 166 |
2028 | 165 |
2029 | 160 |
2030 | 157 |

6. Current Other Liabilities

| As of June 30, 2025 |  | As of December 31, 2024
| (In $ millions)
Benefit obligations (Note 8) | 26 |  |  | 25 |
Customer rebates | 102 |  |  | 129 |
Derivatives (Note 12) | 104 |  |  | 93 |
Interest (Note 7) | 228 |  |  | 222 |
Legal (Note 14) | 9 |  |  | 10 |
Operating leases | 78 |  |  | 79 |
Restructuring (Note 18) | 40 |  |  | 63 |
Salaries and benefits | 131 |  |  | 166 |
Sales and use tax/foreign withholding tax payable | 184 |  |  | 150 |
Investment in affiliates | 102 |  |  | 98 |
Other | 133 |  |  | 122 |
Total | 1,137 |  |  | 1,157 |

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7. Debt

| As of June 30, 2025 |  | As of December 31, 2024
| (In $ millions)
Short-Term Borrowings and Current Installments of Long-Term Debt - Third Party and Affiliates |  |  |
Current installments of long-term debt | 105 |  |  | 1,393 |
Short-term borrowings, including amounts due to affiliates(1) | 56 |  |  | 53 |
Revolving credit facilities(2) | 91 |  |  | 55 |
Total | 252 |  |  | 1,501 |

______________________________
(1)The weighted average interest rate was 2.1% and 2.1% as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
(2)The weighted average interest rate was 2.7% and 3.1% as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

| As of June 30, 2025 |  | As of December 31, 2024
| (In $ millions)
Long-Term Debt |  |  |
Senior unsecured notes due 2025, interest rate of 1.250% | — |  |  | 311 |
Senior unsecured notes due 2025, interest rate of 6.050% | — |  |  | 1,000 |
Senior unsecured notes due 2026, interest rate of 1.400% | 400 |  |  | 400 |
Senior unsecured notes due 2026, interest rate of 4.777% | 526 |  |  | 1,040 |
Senior unsecured notes due 2027, interest rate of 2.125% | 585 |  |  | 518 |
Senior unsecured notes due 2027, interest rate of 6.415%(1) | 1,500 |  |  | 2,000 |
Senior unsecured term loan due 2027(2) | 480 |  |  | 880 |
Senior unsecured notes due 2028, interest rate of 0.625% | 585 |  |  | 519 |
Senior unsecured notes due 2028, interest rate of 6.850%(1) | 1,000 |  |  | 1,000 |
Senior unsecured notes due 2029, interest rate of 5.587%(1) | 586 |  |  | 519 |
Senior unsecured notes due 2029, interest rate of 6.580%(1) | 750 |  |  | 750 |
Senior unsecured notes due 2030, interest rate of 6.500% | 700 |  |  | — |
Senior unsecured notes due 2030, interest rate of 7.050%(1) | 999 |  |  | 999 |
Senior unsecured notes due 2031, interest rate of 5.000% | 879 |  |  | — |
Senior unsecured notes due 2032, interest rate of 6.629%(1) | 1,000 |  |  | 1,000 |
Senior unsecured notes due 2033, interest rate of 7.200%(1) | 1,000 |  |  | 1,000 |
Senior unsecured notes due 2033, interest rate of 6.750% | 1,100 |  |  | — |
Pollution control and industrial revenue bonds due at various dates through 2030(3) | 125 |  |  | 126 |
Bank loans due at various dates through 2030(4) | 524 |  |  | 320 |
Obligations under finance leases due at various dates through 2054 | 137 |  |  | 145 |
Subtotal | 12,876 |  |  | 12,527 |
Unamortized deferred financing costs(5) | (82) |  |  | (56) |
Current installments of long-term debt | (105) |  |  | (1,393) |
Total | 12,689 |  |  | 11,078 |

______________________________
(1)In November 2024, S&P Global Ratings downgraded the Company's credit rating to BB+ and on February 12, 2025, Moody's Ratings downgraded the Company's credit ratings to Ba1, which together had the effect of increasing the interest rates by up to 50 basis points on certain senior unsecured notes, effective beginning at various dates through January 19, 2026.
(2)The interest rate was 6.162% and 6.047% as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
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(3)Interest rates range from 4.1% to 5.0%.
(4)The weighted average interest rate was 2.7% and 2.8% as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
(5)Related to the Company's long-term debt, excluding obligations under finance leases.
Senior Credit Facilities
In March 2022, Celanese, Celanese U.S. and certain subsidiaries entered into a term loan credit agreement (as amended to date, the "March 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement"), pursuant to which lenders provided a tranche of delayed-draw term loans due 5 years from issuance in an amount equal to $1.0 billion (the "5-year Term Loans"). As of June 30, 2025, $480 million was outstanding under the March 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement. On July 30, 2025, $150 million of such outstanding amount was repaid. On August 11, 2025, Celanese, Celanese U.S. and certain subsidiaries entered into an amendment to the March 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement (Note 19).
Also in March 2022, Celanese, Celanese U.S. and certain subsidiaries entered into a new revolving credit agreement (as amended to date, the "U.S. Revolving Credit Agreement") consisting of a $1.75 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility (with a letter of credit sublimit), maturing in 2027 (the "U.S. Revolving Credit Facility"). The margin for borrowings under the U.S. Revolving Credit Facility was 1.00% to 2.00% above certain interbank rates at current Company credit ratings. On August 11, 2025, Celanese, Celanese U.S. and certain subsidiaries entered into a new revolving credit agreement (Note 19).
In January 2023, Celanese (Shanghai) International Trading Co., Ltd ("CSIT"), a fully consolidated subsidiary, entered into an amendment and restatement of an existing credit facility agreement (the "CSIT Revolving Credit Agreement") to upsize and modify the facility thereunder to consist of an aggregate CNY1.75 billion uncommitted senior unsecured revolving credit facility available under two tranches (with overdraft, bank guarantee and documentary credit sublimits) (the "CSIT January 2023 Facility", and together with any other revolving credit facilities available to the Company's subsidiaries in China, the "China Revolving Credit Facilities"). Obligations bear interest at certain fixed and floating rates. In April 2024, the CSIT January 2023 Facility was reduced to CNY750 million, and in December 2024, the CSIT January 2023 Facility was reduced to CNY550 million. The CSIT Revolving Credit Agreement is guaranteed by Celanese U.S.
Also in January 2023, CSIT entered into a senior unsecured working capital loan contract for CNY800 million (the "January 2023 CSIT One Year Working Capital Term Loan Agreement"), payable 12 months from withdrawal date and bearing interest at 0.5% less than certain interbank rates. The loan under the January 2023 CSIT One Year Working Capital Term Loan Agreement was fully drawn in January 2023 and was fully repaid during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
In December 2023, Celanese (Nanjing) Chemical Co., Ltd. ("CNC") entered into a senior unsecured working capital loan agreement for CNY800 million, payable on December 25, 2026 and bearing interest at 2.8% (the "December 2023 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement"). The loan under the December 2023 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement was fully drawn during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
In June 2024, CNC entered into a senior unsecured working capital loan agreement for CNY800 million, payable in installments until June 2027 and bearing interest at 2.75% (the "June 2024 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement"). CNY720 million of the June 2024 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement was outstanding as of June 30, 2025.
In November 2024, Celanese U.S. entered into a senior unsecured term loan credit agreement (the "November 2024 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement", and together with the U.S. Revolving Credit Agreement and March 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement, the "U.S. Credit Agreements"), pursuant to which the lenders provided a delayed-draw term loan due 364 days from the date of borrowing in an amount up to $1.0 billion. Amounts outstanding under the November 2024 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement accrued interest at a rate equal to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate with an interest period of one or three months ("Term SOFR") plus a margin of 1.300% to 2.250% per annum, or the base rate plus a margin of 0.300% to 1.250%, in each case, based on the Company's senior unsecured debt rating, subject to further changes based on such ratings. $500 million was drawn under the November 2024 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement during the six months ended June 30, 2025, and any remaining commitments thereunder terminated on March 15, 2025. $500 million of such drawn amount was repaid and the facility was terminated during the six months ended June 30, 2025.
In December 2024, CNC entered into a senior unsecured working capital loan agreement for CNY1.0 billion, payable in installments until March 2028 and bearing interest at certain floating rates (the "December 2024 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement"). CNY500 million of the December 2024 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement was drawn during the six months ended June 30, 2025.
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On March 6, 2025, CNC entered into a senior unsecured working capital loan agreement for CNY750 million, payable in installments until March 2028 and bearing interest at certain floating rates (the "March 2025 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement" together with the December 2024 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement, the June 2024 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement, the December 2023 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement, the January 2023 CSIT One Year Working Capital Term Loan Agreement, and the CSIT Revolving Credit Agreement, the "China Credit Agreements," and the China Credit Agreements together with the U.S. Credit Agreements, the "Global Credit Agreements"). CNY509 million of the March 2025 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement was drawn during the six months ended June 30, 2025. The Company expects that the China Credit Agreements will continue to facilitate its efficient repatriation of cash to the U.S. to repay debt and effectively redomicile a portion of its U.S. debt to China at a lower average interest rate.
On February 16, 2024, November 1, 2024 and February 17, 2025, the Company amended certain covenants in certain of the U.S. Credit Agreements, including financial ratio maintenance covenants.
The U.S. Credit Agreements are guaranteed by Celanese, Celanese U.S. and domestic subsidiaries together representing substantially all of the Company's U.S. assets and business operations (the "Subsidiary Guarantors"). The Subsidiary Guarantors are listed in Exhibit 22.1 to this Quarterly Report.
The Company's debt balances and amounts available for borrowing under its senior unsecured revolving credit facilities are as follows:

| As of June 30, 2025 |
| (In $ millions) |
U.S. Revolving Credit Facility |  |
Borrowings outstanding | — |  |
Available for borrowing | 1,750 |  |
China Revolving Credit Facilities |  |
Borrowings outstanding | 91 |  |
Available for borrowing | 70 |  |

Senior Notes
The Company has outstanding senior unsecured notes, issued in public offerings registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") (collectively, the "Senior Notes"). The Senior Notes were issued by Celanese U.S. and are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by Celanese and the Subsidiary Guarantors. Celanese U.S. may redeem some or all of each of the Senior Notes, prior to their respective maturity dates, at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount, plus a "make-whole" premium or applicable premium, as specified in the applicable indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date.
On February 12, 2025, Moody's Ratings downgraded the Company's credit ratings to Ba1 which, along with the credit downgrade by S&P Global Ratings in November 2024, will have the impact of increasing interest rates for certain Senior Notes by up to 50 basis points and the U.S. Credit Agreements by 25 to 30 basis points starting in the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2026, as applicable.
On March 14, 2025, Celanese U.S. completed a public offering registered under the Securities Act of senior unsecured notes as follows (collectively, the "2025 Offering"):

Maturity Date |  | Aggregate Principal Amount Issued |  | Offering Price |  | Interest Rate |
|  | (In $/€ millions) |  |  |  |  |
April 15, 2030 |  | $ | 700 |  |  | 100.000% |  | 6.500% |
April 15, 2031 |  | € | 750 |  |  | 100.000% |  | 5.000% |
April 15, 2033 |  | $ | 1,100 |  |  | 100.000% |  | 6.750% |

Deferred financing costs related to the 2025 Offering were $34 million and are being amortized to Interest expense in the unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations over the terms of the applicable notes.
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On March 21, 2025, Celanese U.S. completed cash tender offers for €552 million and $500 million in aggregate principal amounts (the "Tender Offers") as follows:

Maturity Date |  | Aggregate Principal Amount Tendered |  | Purchase price per $/€1,000 principal amount |  | Total Tender Offer Consideration |  |
|  | (In $/€ millions) |  |  |  | (In $/€ millions)
July 19, 2026 |  | € | 552 |  |  | € | 1,026.68 |  |  | € | 567 |  |  |
July 15, 2027 |  | $ | 500 |  |  | $ | 1,031.10 |  |  | $ | 516 |  |  |

The net proceeds from the 2025 Offering, together with borrowings under the November 2024 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement were used (i) to fund the Tender Offers, (ii) for repayment of other outstanding indebtedness, including the repayment of a portion of the March 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement, the repayment of borrowings under the U.S. Revolving Credit Agreement and repayment of 6.050% Senior Notes due March 15, 2025 and (iii) related fees and expenses.
Refinancing expense in the unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations includes fees and expenses related to the Tender Offer, including accelerated amortization of deferred financing costs associated with the principal amounts tendered, was $32 million.
Accounts Receivable Purchasing Facility
On June 13, 2025, the Company entered into an amendment to the amended and restated receivables purchase agreement (the "Amended Receivables Purchase Agreement") under its U.S. accounts receivable purchasing facility among certain of the Company's subsidiaries, its wholly-owned, "bankruptcy remote" special purpose subsidiary ("SPE") and certain global financial institutions ("Purchasers"). The Amended Receivables Purchase Agreement extends the term of the accounts receivable purchasing facility such that the SPE may sell certain receivables until June 17, 2026. Under the Amended Receivables Purchase Agreement, transfers of U.S. accounts receivable from the SPE are treated as sales and are accounted for as a reduction in accounts receivable because the agreement transfers effective control over and risk related to the U.S. accounts receivable to the SPE. The Company and related subsidiaries have no continuing involvement in the transferred U.S. accounts receivable, other than collection and administrative responsibilities and, once sold, the U.S. accounts receivable are no longer available to satisfy creditors of the Company or the related subsidiaries. These sales are transacted at 100% of the face value of the relevant U.S. accounts receivable, resulting in derecognition of the U.S. accounts receivables from the Company's unaudited consolidated balance sheet. The Company de-recognized $802 million and $1.5 billion of accounts receivable under this agreement for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and year ended December 31, 2024, respectively, and collected $764 million and $1.5 billion of accounts receivable sold under this agreement during the same periods. Unsold U.S. accounts receivable of $95 million were pledged by the SPE as collateral to the Purchasers as of June 30, 2025.
Factoring and Discounting Agreements
The Company has factoring agreements in Europe, Japan and Singapore with financial institutions to sell 100%, 100% and 90% of certain accounts receivable, respectively, on a non-recourse basis. The Company also has a factoring agreement in China with a financial institution to sell 100% of certain accounts receivable on a limited recourse basis. These transactions are treated as sales and are accounted for as reductions in accounts receivable because the agreements transfer effective control over and risk related to the receivables to the buyer. The Company has no material continuing involvement in the transferred receivables, other than collection and administrative responsibilities and, once sold, the accounts receivable are no longer available to satisfy creditors in the event of bankruptcy. The Company de-recognized $356 million and $700 million of accounts receivable under these factoring agreements for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and year ended December 31, 2024, respectively, and collected $337 million and $640 million of accounts receivable sold under these factoring agreements during the same periods.
The Company has master discounting agreements (the "Master Discounting Agreements") with financial institutions in China to discount, on a non-recourse basis, banker's acceptance drafts ("BADs"), classified as accounts receivable. Under the Master Discounting Agreements, transfers of BADs are treated as sales and are accounted for as a reduction in accounts receivable because the Master Discounting Agreements transfer effective control over and risk related to the transferred BADs to the financial institutions. The Company has no continuing involvement in the transferred BADs, and the BADs are no longer available to satisfy creditors in the event of a bankruptcy. The Company received $39 million and $100 million from the accounts receivable transferred under the Master Discounting Agreements for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and year ended December 31, 2024, respectively.
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Covenants
The Company's material financing arrangements contain customary covenants, such as events of default and change of control provisions, and in the case of the existing U.S. Credit Agreements the maintenance of certain financial ratios (subject to adjustment following certain qualifying acquisitions and dispositions, as set forth in the existing U.S. Credit Agreements, as amended). Failure to comply with these covenants, or the occurrence of any other event of default, could result in acceleration of the borrowings and other financial obligations.
The Company is in compliance with the covenants in its material financing arrangements as of June 30, 2025.
8. Benefit Obligations
The components of net periodic benefit cost are as follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
| Pension Benefits |  | Post-retirement Benefits |  | Pension Benefits |  | Post-retirement Benefits |  | Pension Benefits |  | Post-retirement Benefits |  | Pension Benefits |  | Post-retirement Benefits
| (In $ millions)
Service cost | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |
Interest cost | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | 60 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 1 |
Expected return on plan assets | (32) |  |  | — |  |  | (34) |  |  | — |  |  | (64) |  |  | — |  |  | (68) |  |  | — |
Total | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |

Benefit obligation funding is as follows:

| As of June 30, 2025 |  | Total Expected 2025 |
| (In $ millions) |
Cash contributions to defined benefit pension plans | 14 |  |  | 30 |  |
Benefit payments to nonqualified pension plans | 9 |  |  | 18 |  |
Benefit payments to other postretirement benefit plans | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |

The Company's estimates of its U.S. defined benefit pension plan contributions reflect the provisions of the Pension Protection Act of 2006.
Pension and postretirement benefit plan balances recognized in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets consist of the following:

| As of June 30, 2025 |  | As of December 31, 2024
| Pension Benefits |  | Post-retirement Benefits |  | Pension Benefits |  | Post-retirement Benefits
| (In $ millions)
Noncurrent Other assets | 149 |  |  | — |  |  | 135 |  |  | — |
Current Other liabilities | (22) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (22) |  |  | (3) |
Benefit obligations | (373) |  |  | (33) |  |  | (358) |  |  | (31) |
Net amount recognized | (246) |  |  | (37) |  |  | (245) |  |  | (34) |

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9. Environmental
The Company is subject to environmental laws and regulations worldwide that impose limitations on the discharge of pollutants into the air and water, establish standards for the treatment, storage and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes, and impose record keeping and notification requirements. Failure to timely comply with these laws and regulations may expose the Company to penalties. The Company believes that it is in substantial compliance with all applicable environmental laws and regulations and engages in an ongoing process of updating its controls to mitigate compliance risks. The Company is also subject to retained environmental obligations specified in various contractual agreements arising from the divestiture of certain businesses by the Company or one of its predecessor companies.
The components of environmental remediation liabilities, contained in Current and Noncurrent Other Liabilities, are as follows:

| As of June 30, 2025 |  | As of December 31, 2024
| (In $ millions)
Demerger obligations (Note 14) | 23 |  |  | 14 |
Divestiture obligations (Note 14) | 16 |  |  | 14 |
Active sites | 24 |  |  | 23 |
U.S. Superfund sites | 9 |  |  | 10 |
Other environmental remediation liabilities | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Total | 74 |  |  | 63 |

Remediation
Due to its industrial history and through retained contractual and legal obligations, the Company has the obligation to remediate specific areas on its own sites as well as on divested, demerger, orphan or U.S. Superfund sites (defined below). In addition, as part of the demerger agreement between the Company and Hoechst AG ("Hoechst"), a specified portion of the responsibility for environmental liabilities from a number of Hoechst divestitures was transferred to the Company (Note 14). Certain of these sites, at which the Company maintains continuing involvement, were and continue to be designated as discontinued operations when closed. The Company provides for such obligations when the event of loss is probable and reasonably estimable. The Company believes that environmental remediation costs will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position of the Company, but may have a material adverse effect on the results of operations or cash flows in any given period.
U.S. Superfund Sites
In the U.S., the Company may be subject to substantial claims brought by U.S. federal or state regulatory agencies or private individuals pursuant to statutory authority or common law. In particular, the Company has a potential liability under the U.S. Federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, and related state laws (collectively referred to as "Superfund") for investigation and cleanup costs at certain sites. At most of these sites, numerous companies, including the Company, or one of its predecessor companies, have been notified that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA"), state governing bodies or private individuals consider such companies to be potentially responsible parties ("PRP") under Superfund or related laws. The proceedings relating to these sites are in various stages. The cleanup process has not been completed at most sites, and the status of the insurance coverage for some of these proceedings is uncertain. Consequently, the Company cannot accurately determine its ultimate liability for investigation or cleanup costs at these sites.
As events progress at each site for which it has been named a PRP, the Company accrues any probable and reasonably estimable liabilities. In establishing these liabilities, the Company considers the contaminants of concern, the potential impact thereof, the relationship of the contaminants of concern to its current and historic operations, its shipment of waste to a site, its percentage of total waste shipped to the site, the types of wastes involved, the conclusions of any studies, the magnitude of any remedial actions that may be necessary and the number and viability of other PRPs. Often the Company joins with other PRPs to sign joint defense agreements that settle, among PRPs, each party's percentage allocation of costs at the site. Although the ultimate liability may differ from the estimate, the Company routinely reviews the liabilities and revises the estimate, as appropriate, based on the most current information available.
One such site is the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, which is comprised of a number of sub-sites, including the Lower Passaic River Study Area ("LPRSA"), which is the lower 17-mile stretch of the Passaic River ("Lower Passaic River Site"), and the
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Newark Bay Study Area. The Company and 70 other companies are parties to a May 2007 Administrative Order on Consent with the EPA to perform a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study ("RI/FS") at the Lower Passaic River Site in order to identify the levels of contaminants and potential cleanup actions, including the potential migration of contaminants between the LPRSA and the Newark Bay Study Area.
In March 2016, the EPA issued its final Record of Decision concerning the remediation of the lower 8.3 miles of the Lower Passaic River Site ("Lower 8.3 Miles"). Pursuant to the EPA's Record of Decision, the Lower 8.3 Miles must be dredged bank to bank and an engineered cap must be installed at an EPA estimated cost of approximately $1.4 billion. In September 2021, the EPA issued a Record of Decision selecting an interim remedial plan for the upper 9 miles of the Lower Passaic River ("Upper 9 Miles"). Pursuant to the EPA's Record of Decision, targeted dredging will be conducted in the Upper 9 Miles to address surface sediments with elevated contamination followed by the installation of an engineered cap at an EPA estimated cost of $441 million.
The Company owned and/or operated facilities in the vicinity of the Lower 8.3 Miles, but has found no evidence that it contributed any of the contaminants of concern to the Passaic River. In June 2018, Occidental Chemical Corporation ("OCC"), the successor to the Diamond Alkali Company, sued a subsidiary of the Company and 119 other parties alleging claims for joint and several damages, contribution and declaratory relief under Section 107 and 113 of Superfund for costs to clean up the LPRSA portion of the Diamond Alkali Superfund Site, Occidental Chemical Corporation v. 21st Century Fox America, Inc., et al, No. 2:18-CV-11273 (MCA) (LDW) (U.S. District Court New Jersey) (the "2018 OCC Lawsuit"), alleging that each of the defendants owned or operated a facility that contributed contamination to the LPRSA. With respect to the Company, the 2018 OCC lawsuit is limited to the former Celanese facility that Essex County, New Jersey has agreed to indemnify the Company for and does not change the Company's estimated liability for LPRSA cleanup costs.
Separately, the United States lodged a Consent Decree in U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey in December 2022 that resolves the Company's liability (and that of more than 80 other settling defendants) to the EPA for costs to clean up both the Lower 8.3 Miles and Upper 9 Miles of the Lower Passaic River Site in exchange for a collective payment of $150 million, United States v. Alden Leeds, Inc., No. 2:22-7326 (MCA) (LDW) (U.S. District Court New Jersey) ("Consent Decree Action"). The Consent Decree also provides the Company protection from contribution claims by others for costs incurred to clean up both the Lower 8.3 Miles and Upper 9 Miles of the Lower Passaic River Site. The Company's proposed payment toward the $150 million collective settlement payment is not material to the Company's results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
In March 2023, the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey entered an order staying and administratively terminating the 2018 OCC Lawsuit, pending resolution of the request for judicial approval of the Consent Decree in the Consent Decree Action. Also, in March 2023, OCC filed a new lawsuit against 40 parties, including a subsidiary of the Company, seeking to recover costs for remedial design work the EPA has ordered OCC to undertake for a portion of the LPRSA at an estimated cost of $71 million, Occidental Chemical Corporation v. Givaudan Fragrances Corporation, No. 2:23-cv-1699 (U.S. District Court New Jersey) (the "2023 OCC Lawsuit"). Like the earlier lawsuit, the 2023 OCC Lawsuit concerns the facility Essex County, New Jersey purchased and for which Essex County, New Jersey has agreed to defend and indemnify the Company. This new lawsuit does not change the Company's estimated liability for LPRSA cleanup costs.
Like the 2018 OCC Lawsuit, the 2023 OCC lawsuit also was stayed pending resolution of the request for judicial approval of the Consent Decree in the Consent Decree Action. On December 18, 2024, the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey granted the United States' motion to enter the Consent Decree in the Consent Decree Action. Nokia of America Corporation and OCC, which both opposed the entry of the Consent Decree, have filed notices of appeal.
The Company continues to vigorously defend these matters and continues to believe that its ultimate allocable share of the cleanup costs with respect to the Lower Passaic River Site, previously estimated at less than 1%, will not be material.
Other Environmental Matters
In April 2022, a methanol leak on a pipeline to the Company's Bishop, Texas facility was discovered. The release has been contained, the leak has been repaired and the pipeline has resumed operation. The Company promptly disclosed the incident to state and federal authorities, including the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality and the EPA, and remediation activities are now completed. While the Company has not received a notice of violation nor been assessed any fines or penalties to date, the Company recorded a reserve in Other current liabilities based on anticipated clean-up costs and possible penalties to state or federal authorities. The Company does not believe that resolution of this matter will have a material impact on its financial condition or results of operations.
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10. Shareholders' Equity
Common Stock
The Company's Board of Directors follows a policy of declaring, subject to legally available funds, a quarterly cash dividend on each share of the Company's Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share ("Common Stock"), unless the Company's Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, determines otherwise. The amount available to the Company to pay cash dividends is not currently restricted by its existing Global Credit Agreements and its indentures governing its senior unsecured notes. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of the Company's Board of Directors, which may determine to cease to follow or to modify the Company's past practice, and will depend on, among other things, the results of operations, cash requirements, financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that the Company's Board of Directors may deem relevant.
In November 2024, the Company announced its intent to reduce its quarterly dividend by approximately 95% beginning in the first quarter of 2025.
The Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.03 per share on its Common Stock on July 16, 2025, amounting to $3 million. The cash dividend will be paid on August 11, 2025 to holders of record as of July 29, 2025.
Treasury Stock
The Company's Board of Directors authorizes repurchases of Common Stock from time to time. These authorizations give management discretion in determining the timing and conditions under which shares may be repurchased. This repurchase program does not have an expiration date.

|  |  | Total From February 2008 Through June 30, 2025
Shares repurchased |  |  |  |  | 69,324,429 |
Average purchase price per share |  |  |  |  | $ | 83.71 |
Amount spent on repurchased shares (in $ millions) |  |  |  |  | 5,803 |
Aggregate Board of Directors repurchase authorizations during the period (in $ millions) |  |  |  |  | 6,866 |

The purchase of treasury stock reduces the number of shares outstanding. The repurchased shares may be used by the Company for compensation programs utilizing the Company's stock and other corporate purposes. The Company accounts for treasury stock using the cost method and includes treasury stock as a component of shareholders' equity.
The Company did not repurchase any Common Stock during the six months ended June 30, 2025 or 2024.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net

| Three Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
| Gross Amount |  | Income Tax (Provision) Benefit |  | Net Amount |  | Gross Amount |  | Income Tax (Provision) Benefit |  | Net Amount
| (In $ millions)
Foreign currency translation gain (loss) | (161) |  |  | 91 |  |  | (70) |  |  | 3 |  |  | (10) |  |  | (7) |
Gain (loss) on derivative hedges | (15) |  |  | — |  |  | (15) |  |  | 14 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 12 |
Pension and postretirement benefits gain (loss) | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | (177) |  |  | 91 |  |  | (86) |  |  | 17 |  |  | (12) |  |  | 5 |

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| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
| Gross Amount |  | Income Tax (Provision) Benefit |  | Net Amount |  | Gross Amount |  | Income Tax (Provision) Benefit |  | Net Amount
| (In $ millions)
Foreign currency translation gain (loss) | (201) |  |  | 126 |  |  | (75) |  |  | (24) |  |  | (37) |  |  | (61) |
Gain (loss) on derivative hedges | 21 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 20 |  |  | 16 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 14 |
Pension and postretirement benefits gain (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Total | (180) |  |  | 125 |  |  | (55) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (39) |  |  | (48) |

Adjustments to Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net, are as follows:

|  |  | Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss) |  | Gain (Loss) on Derivative Hedges (Note 12) |  | Pension and Postretirement Benefits Gain (Loss) (Note 8) |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net
|  |  | (In $ millions)
As of December 31, 2024 |  |  | (800) |  |  | (28) |  |  | (20) |  |  | (848) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  |  | (201) |  |  | (140) |  |  | — |  |  | (341) |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | — |  |  | 161 |  |  | — |  |  | 161 |
Income tax (provision) benefit |  |  | 126 |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | 125 |
As of June 30, 2025 |  |  | (875) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (20) |  |  | (903) |

11. Income Taxes

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
| (In percentages)
Effective income tax rate | (57) |  |  | 16 |  |  | (52) |  |  | 18 |

The effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, was lower compared to the same periods in 2024, primarily due to a net deferred tax benefit related to the relocation of certain intangible assets among wholly owned foreign affiliates as part of the continued integration of global principal operations during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and a tax benefit related to the settlement of tax examinations with the German tax authorities for the tax years 2008 through 2012 during the three months ended June 30, 2025. These impacts to the effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, were partially offset by increases in valuation allowance on U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards due to revised forecasts of foreign sourced income and expenses during the carryforward period during the three months ended March 31, 2025. In addition, the effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2024, included non-recurring tax effects related to internal debt restructuring transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "TCJA") was enacted and was effective January 1, 2018. The U.S. Treasury has issued various notices and final and proposed regulatory packages supplementing the TCJA provisions since 2018. There have been no material proposed or final regulatory packages during the three months ended June 30, 2025.
In August 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (the "IRA") was enacted and included a 1% excise tax on share repurchases in excess of $1 million, and a corporate minimum tax of 15% on adjusted book earnings. The corporate minimum tax paid is creditable in future years to the extent regular tax liability exceeds the minimum tax in any given year. The Company does not expect these provisions or any newly issued administrative guidance to have a material impact to future income tax expense. The IRA also provides various beneficial credits for energy efficiency related to manufacturing, transportation and fuels, hydrogen/carbon recapture and renewable energy, which the Company is evaluating in regard to planned projects.
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The Company will continue to monitor the expected impacts of any new guidance on the Company's filing positions and will record the impacts as discrete income tax expense adjustments in the period the guidance is finalized or becomes effective.
Due to the TCJA and uncertainty as to future foreign source income, the Company previously recorded a valuation allowance on its foreign tax credit carryforwards. The Company is currently evaluating tax planning strategies to enable the use of the Company's foreign tax credit carryforwards that may decrease the Company's effective tax rate in future periods as the valuation allowance is reversed.
In December 2021, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD") issued final Model Rules for Pillars One and Two of its Base Erosion and Profit Shifting ("BEPS") project. In general, Pillar One addresses nexus concerns and the allocation of profits among companies in which a multinational enterprise ("MNE") conducts its business. Pillar Two aims to ensure that all MNEs pay an effective tax rate of no less than 15% on their adjusted net income in each of the jurisdictions in which they have operations. Pillar Two is more impactful to the Company as it allows for assessment even if the individual countries do not enact its minimum tax provisions. In effect, Pillar Two allows any country within which an MNE operates to levy tax upon that MNE to the extent it determines that the MNE is paying less than a 15% effective tax rate on its adjusted net income. The taxes levied may then be allocated among the jurisdictions that conform to the OECD rules.
In December 2022, the member states of the European Union ("EU") unanimously voted to adopt the OECD's minimum tax which was agreed to by consensus of the BEPS 2.0 (Pillars One and Two) signatory jurisdictions. Under the EU's minimum tax directive, member states are to adopt domestic legislation implementing the minimum tax rules effective for periods beginning on or after December 31, 2023, with Pillar Two's "under-taxed profit rule" to take effect for periods beginning on or after December 31, 2024. The EU effective dates are January 1, 2024, and January 1, 2025, for different aspects of the directive. Legislatures in multiple countries outside of the EU have also enacted or drafted legislation to implement the OECD's minimum tax proposals.
In July 2023, the OECD published Administrative Guidance proposing certain safe harbor provisions, including an effective rate test and a routine profits test, which if satisfied effectively delay effective dates of Pillar Two to January 1, 2027. The EU and a significant number of other countries have or are expected to implement the safe harbor in local legislation. Based on these safe harbor provisions, the Company currently expects that several material jurisdictions, including the U.S., Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany, China, Singapore and Canada, will qualify for the safe harbor effectively extending the application of the global minimum tax until January 1, 2027.
In June 2024, the OECD published a fourth set of Administrative Guidance on the Global Anti-Base Erosion Model rules ("GloBE"). The additional guidance covers deferred tax liability recapture, divergences between GloBE and accounting carrying values, allocation of cross-border current taxes, allocation of cross-border deferred taxes, allocation of profits and taxes in structures including flow-through entities, and treatment of securitization vehicles. While the Company is still modeling the potential impact of the new administrative guidance, it is not expected to have a material impact in the short term due to the safe harbor provisions, effective for the years 2024 to 2026, published in the July 2023 Administrative Guidance.
The Company will continue to monitor the developments and implementation of the OECD BEPS projects. Currently the Company does not meet the requirements for the application of Pillar One. After an initial assessment of the application of the safe harbor provisions on a global basis, the Company determined that there was not a material impact from the local adoption of the OECD Pillar Two proposals in 2025, but is continuing to model the effect of these provisions on its future effective tax rate and cash taxes.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA") was signed into law. Key provisions of the OBBBA include the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the TCJA, impacting the period of cost recovery for capital expenditures, the calculation of allowable business interest expense, and the timing of deductions for domestic research and development expenses. The OBBBA also modifies international tax provisions to adjust tax rate increases scheduled for January 2026, the amount of allowable foreign tax credits to offset deemed income inclusions in the U.S., and the required allocation of U.S. expenses such as interest and stewardship to specific categories of international income. Certain provisions which impact the Company are effective starting in 2025, while others are not effective until 2026. Although the Company is still actively evaluating the impacts of the OBBBA on its operations, it does not currently expect the OBBBA to have a material impact on its future effective tax rate and cash taxes once it becomes fully effective.
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The Company's tax returns have been under audit for the years 2013 through 2015 by the United States, Netherlands and Germany (the "Authorities"). In September 2021, the Company received a draft joint audit report proposing adjustments to transfer pricing and the reallocation of income between the related jurisdictions. The Authorities also proposed to apply these adjustments to open tax years through 2019. The Company and the Authorities were unable to reach an agreement jointly and therefore the audits continued on a separate jurisdictional basis. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company concluded settlement discussions with the Dutch tax authority. In the third quarter of 2024, the Company concluded settlement discussions with the German tax authority related to the German transfer pricing audit. The Company is engaged in continuing discussions with the U.S. tax authority on joint audit matters, as well as other separate matters, and is currently evaluating all additional potential remedies regarding the ongoing examinations.
In addition, the Company's income tax returns in Mexico are under audit for the years 2018 through 2020, in Canada for the years 2016 through 2022, in the U.S. for the years 2016 through 2020, and in Germany for the years after 2012. In August 2023, the Company negotiated a partial settlement with the Mexico tax authorities for its audit for the year 2018. The partial settlement did not have a material impact on income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company is in discussions with the Mexican tax authorities regarding the preliminary findings in the 2019 audit. In September 2023, the Canadian tax authorities opened tax audits for the years 2019 through 2022, and the audits are in the preliminary stages. The Company is in ongoing discussions regarding the audit findings with the Canadian tax authorities for the years 2016 through 2018 and does not expect a material impact to income tax expense resulting from the audit. The audit in the U.S. for the years 2016 through 2020 is in the data gathering phase. In the first quarter of 2025, the Company began settlement discussions with the German tax authorities on certain matters related to the German audit for the years after 2007, and in the second quarter of 2025, the Company concluded settlement discussions with the German tax authorities for the years 2008 through 2012. The associated tax effects from the settlement discussions are included in income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. The Company will record the impacts of any additional audit settlements as they are concluded but currently does not expect additional material impacts to the consolidated statements of operations.
As of June 30, 2025, the Company believes that an adequate provision for income taxes has been made for all open tax years related to the examinations by governmental authorities. However, the outcome of tax audits cannot be predicted with certainty. If any issues raised by the governmental authorities are resolved in a manner inconsistent with the Company's expectations or the Company is unsuccessful in defending its position, the Company could be required to adjust its provision for income taxes in the period such resolution occurs. If required, any such adjustments could be material to the statements of operations and cash flows in the period(s) recorded.
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12. Derivative Financial Instruments
Information regarding changes in the fair value of the Company's derivative and non-derivative instruments is as follows:

| Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings (Loss) |  |
| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Statement of Operations Classification
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
| (In $ millions) |  |
Designated as Cash Flow Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity swaps | 1 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | Cost of sales
Interest rate swaps | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | (2) |  |  | Interest expense
Total | 1 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (2) |  |  | (2) |  |  |
Designated as Fair Value Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cross-currency swaps(1) | (123) |  |  | 91 |  |  | (105) |  |  | 86 |  |  | Foreign exchange gain (loss), net
Designated as Net Investment Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency denominated debt | (195) |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A
Cross-currency swaps(2) | (307) |  |  | 34 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A
Total | (502) |  |  | 54 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Not Designated as Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forwards and swaps | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45 |  |  | (17) |  |  | Foreign exchange gain (loss), net; Other income (expense), net

______________________________
(1)In conjunction with the 2025 Offering (Note 7), on March 17, 2025, the Company entered into a cross-currency swap to effectively convert $400 million of the issued senior unsecured notes due 2030 into a Japanese yen-denominated borrowing at prevailing yen interest rates, maturing on April 15, 2030. The swap qualifies and has been designated as a fair value hedge of the Company's foreign currency exchange rate exposure on the long-term debt of its Japanese yen-denominated subsidiary.
(2)In April 2024, the Company entered into cross-currency swaps to effectively convert its $1.0 billion senior unsecured notes due 2033 (Note 7) into Chinese yuan-denominated borrowings at prevailing yuan interest rates, maturing on November 15, 2033. The swaps qualify and have been designated as net investment hedges of the Company's foreign currency exchange rate exposure on the net investment of certain of its Chinese yuan-denominated subsidiaries.
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| Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings (Loss) |  |
| Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Statement of Operations Classification
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |
| (In $ millions) |  |
Designated as Cash Flow Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity swaps | 7 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1) |  |  | Cost of sales
Interest rate swaps | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | (4) |  |  | Interest expense
Total | 7 |  |  | 9 |  |  | (2) |  |  | (5) |  |  |
Designated as Fair Value Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cross-currency swaps(1) | (147) |  |  | 110 |  |  | (159) |  |  | 110 |  |  | Foreign exchange gain (loss), net
Designated as Net Investment Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency denominated debt | (283) |  |  | 87 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A
Cross-currency swaps(2) | (387) |  |  | 104 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A
Total | (670) |  |  | 191 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Not Designated as Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forwards and swaps | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45 |  |  | (1) |  |  | Foreign exchange gain (loss), net; Other income (expense), net

______________________________
(1)In conjunction with the 2025 Offering (Note 7), on March 17, 2025, the Company entered into a cross-currency swap to effectively convert $400 million of the issued senior unsecured notes due 2030 into a Japanese yen-denominated borrowing at prevailing yen interest rates, maturing on April 15, 2030. The swap qualifies and has been designated as a fair value hedge of the Company's foreign currency exchange rate exposure on the long-term debt of its Japanese yen-denominated subsidiary.
(2)In April 2024, the Company entered into cross-currency swaps to effectively convert its $1.0 billion senior unsecured notes due 2033 (Note 7) into Chinese yuan-denominated borrowings at prevailing yuan interest rates, maturing on November 15, 2033. The swaps qualify and have been designated as net investment hedges of the Company's foreign currency exchange rate exposure on the net investment of certain of its Chinese yuan-denominated subsidiaries.
See Note 13 for additional information regarding the fair value of the Company's derivative instruments.
Certain of the Company's commodity swaps, interest rate swaps, cross-currency swaps and foreign currency forwards and swaps permit the Company to net settle all contracts with the counterparty through a single payment in an agreed upon currency in the event of default or early termination of the contract, similar to a master netting arrangement.
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Information regarding the gross amounts of the Company's derivative instruments and the amounts offset in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

| As of June 30, 2025 |  | As of December 31, 2024
| (In $ millions)
Derivative Assets |  |  |
Gross amount recognized | 211 |  |  | 250 |
Gross amount offset in the consolidated balance sheets | — |  |  | — |
Net amount presented in the consolidated balance sheets | 211 |  |  | 250 |
Gross amount not offset in the consolidated balance sheets | 36 |  |  | 38 |
Net amount | 175 |  |  | 212 |

| As of June 30, 2025 |  | As of December 31, 2024
| (In $ millions)
Derivative Liabilities |  |  |
Gross amount recognized | 769 |  |  | 273 |
Gross amount offset in the consolidated balance sheets | — |  |  | — |
Net amount presented in the consolidated balance sheets | 769 |  |  | 273 |
Gross amount not offset in the consolidated balance sheets | 36 |  |  | 38 |
Net amount | 733 |  |  | 235 |

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13. Fair Value Measurements
The Company's financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as follows:
Derivative financial instruments include interest rate swaps, commodity swaps, cross-currency swaps and foreign currency forwards and swaps and are valued in the market using discounted cash flow techniques. These techniques incorporate Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurement inputs such as interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. These market inputs are utilized in the discounted cash flow calculation considering the instrument's term, notional amount, discount rate and credit risk. Significant inputs to the derivative valuation for interest rate swaps, commodity swaps, cross-currency swaps and foreign currency forwards and swaps are observable in the active markets and are classified as Level 2 in the fair value measurement hierarchy.

|  | Fair Value Measurement
|  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
|  | Other assets |  |  |  | Other liabilities
| Notional Amount | Current | Noncurrent |  |  |  | Current | Noncurrent
| (In millions) | (In $ millions)
As of June 30, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity swaps | $ | 44 |  | 5 |  | 42 |  |  |  |  | — |  | — |
Foreign currency forwards and swaps | $ | 39 |  | — |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  | — |
Derivatives Designated as Fair Value Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cross-currency swaps | € | 909 |  | 14 |  | — |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 103 |
Cross-currency swaps(1) | ¥ | 132,242 |  | 42 |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  | 24 |
Derivatives Designated as Net Investment Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cross-currency swaps and foreign currency denominated debt | € | 4,669 |  | 79 |  | — |  |  |  |  | 64 |  | 467 |
Cross-currency swaps(2) | ¥ | 7,268 |  | 20 |  | — |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | 71 |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forwards and swaps | $ | 1,652 |  | 5 |  | — |  |  |  |  | 18 |  | — |
Total |  | 165 |  | 46 |  |  |  |  | 104 |  | 665 |
As of December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity swaps | $ | 48 |  | 4 |  | 37 |  |  |  |  | — |  | — |
Derivatives Designated as Fair Value Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cross-currency swaps | € | 909 |  | 20 |  | 10 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | — |
Cross-currency swaps(1) | ¥ | 72,710 |  | 26 |  | 33 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  | — |
Derivatives Designated as Net Investment Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cross-currency swaps and foreign currency denominated debt | € | 4,564 |  | 88 |  | — |  |  |  |  | 56 |  | 134 |
Cross-currency swaps(2) | ¥ | 7,268 |  | 21 |  | — |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 26 |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forwards and swaps | $ | 2,777 |  | 11 |  | — |  |  |  |  | 19 |  | 20 |
Total |  | 170 |  | 80 |  |  |  |  | 93 |  | 180 |

______________________________
(1)Notional amount denominated in Japanese yen.
(2)Notional amount denominated in Chinese yuan.
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Carrying values and fair values of financial instruments that are not carried at fair value are as follows:

|  |  | Fair Value Measurement
| Carrying Amount |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total
| (In $ millions)
As of June 30, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity investments without readily determinable fair values | 171 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Insurance contracts in nonqualified trusts | 18 |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |
Long-term debt, including current installments of long-term debt | 12,876 |  |  | 13,033 |  |  | 137 |  |  | 13,170 |
As of December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity investments without readily determinable fair values | 170 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Insurance contracts in nonqualified trusts | 18 |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |
Long-term debt, including current installments of long-term debt | 12,527 |  |  | 12,470 |  |  | 145 |  |  | 12,615 |

In general, the equity investments included in the table above are not publicly traded and their fair values are not readily determinable. The Company believes the carrying values approximate fair value. Insurance contracts in nonqualified trusts consist of long-term fixed income securities, which are valued using independent vendor pricing models with observable inputs in the active market and therefore represent a Level 2 fair value measurement. The fair value of long-term debt is based on valuations from third-party banks and market quotations and is classified as Level 2 in the fair value measurement hierarchy. The fair value of obligations under finance leases, which are included in long-term debt in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets, is based on lease payments and discount rates, which are not observable in the market and therefore represents a Level 3 fair value measurement.
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, trade payables, short-term borrowings and the current installments of long-term debt approximate carrying values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. These items have been excluded from the table with the exception of the current installments of long-term debt.
14. Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments
Guarantees
The Company has agreed to guarantee or indemnify third parties for environmental and other liabilities pursuant to a variety of agreements, including asset and business divestiture agreements, leases, settlement agreements and various agreements with affiliated companies. Although many of these obligations contain monetary and/or time limitations, others do not provide such limitations.
The Company has accrued for all probable and reasonably estimable losses associated with all known matters or claims. These known obligations include the following:
•Demerger Obligations
In connection with the Hoechst demerger, the Company agreed to indemnify Hoechst, and its legal successors, for various liabilities under the demerger agreement, including for environmental liabilities associated with contamination arising either from environmental damage in general ("Category A") or under 19 divestiture agreements entered into by Hoechst prior to the demerger ("Category B") (Note 9).
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The Company's obligation to indemnify Hoechst, and its legal successors, is capped under Category B at €250 million. If and to the extent the environmental damage should exceed €750 million in aggregate, the Company's obligation to indemnify Hoechst and its legal successors applies, but is then limited to 33.33% of the remediation cost without further limitations. Cumulative payments under the divestiture agreements as of June 30, 2025 are $119 million. Though the Company is significantly under its obligation cap under Category B, most of the divestiture agreements have become time barred and/or any notified environmental damage claims have been partially settled.
The Company has also undertaken in the demerger agreement to indemnify Hoechst and its legal successors for (i) 33.33% of any and all Category A liabilities that result from Hoechst being held as the responsible party pursuant to public law or current or future environmental law or by third parties pursuant to private or public law related to contamination and (ii) liabilities that Hoechst is required to discharge, including tax liabilities, which are associated with businesses that were included in the demerger but were not demerged due to legal restrictions on the transfers of such items. These indemnities do not provide for any monetary or time limitations. The Company has not been requested by Hoechst to make any payments in connection with this indemnification. Accordingly, the Company has not made any payments to Hoechst and its legal successors.
Based on the Company's evaluation of currently available information, including the lack of requests for indemnification, the Company cannot estimate the remaining demerger obligations, if any, in excess of amounts accrued.
•Divestiture Obligations
The Company and its predecessor companies agreed to indemnify third-party purchasers of former businesses and assets for various pre-closing conditions, as well as for breaches of representations, warranties and covenants. Such liabilities also include environmental liability, product liability, antitrust and other liabilities. These indemnifications and guarantees represent standard contractual terms associated with typical divestiture agreements and, other than environmental liabilities, the Company does not believe that they expose the Company to significant risk (Note 9).
The Company has divested numerous businesses, investments and facilities through agreements containing indemnifications or guarantees to the purchasers. Many of the obligations contain monetary and/or time limitations, which extend through 2037. The aggregate amount of outstanding indemnifications and guarantees provided for under these agreements is $103 million as of June 30, 2025. Other agreements do not provide for any monetary or time limitations.
Based on the Company's evaluation of currently available information, including the number of requests for indemnification or other payment received by the Company, the Company cannot estimate the remaining divestiture obligations, if any, in excess of amounts accrued.
Purchase Obligations
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various purchase commitments for goods and services. The Company maintains a number of "take-or-pay" contracts for purchases of raw materials, utilities and other services. Certain of the contracts contain a contract termination buy-out provision that allows for the Company to exit the contracts for amounts less than the remaining take-or-pay obligations. Additionally, the Company has other outstanding commitments representing maintenance and service agreements, energy and utility agreements, consulting contracts and software agreements. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had unconditional purchase obligations of $3.2 billion, of which $298 million will be paid in 2025, $490 million in 2026, $432 million in 2027, $292 million in 2028, $228 million in 2029 and the balance thereafter through 2042.
Contingencies
The Company is involved in legal and regulatory proceedings, lawsuits, claims and investigations incidental to the normal conduct of business, relating to such matters as product liability, land disputes, insurance coverage disputes, contracts, employment, antitrust or competition, intellectual property, personal injury, toxic tort, public nuisance and other actions in tort, workers' compensation, chemical exposure, asbestos exposure, taxes, trade compliance, acquisitions and divestitures, claims of current and legacy shareholders, past waste disposal practices and release of chemicals into the environment. The Company is actively defending those matters where the Company is named as a defendant and, based on the current facts, does not believe the outcomes from these matters would be material to the Company's results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
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As previously reported, in July 2020, the Company settled a European Commission competition law investigation involving certain of its subsidiaries and three other companies related to certain past ethylene purchases. Shell Chemicals Europe, another group of corporate claimants, TotalEnergies Petrochemicals & Refining SA, and, most recently, OMV Aktiengesellschaft, Borealis GMBH, and Lyondell Basell have each filed separate claims for damages with the District Court of Amsterdam against four companies, including Celanese, arising from those activities. BASF SE and Dow Europe GmbH have filed similar claims in the Court of Munich, Germany. The Company intends to vigorously defend itself against these claims. While it is possible that additional parties could assert demands or claims related to this matter, based on information available at this time, the Company does not expect ultimate resolution of this matter to have a material impact on its financial condition or results of operations.
15. Segment Information

| Engineered Materials |  |  |  | Acetyl Chain |  | Other Activities |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated |
| (In $ millions) |
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 |
Net sales | 1,442 |  |  |  |  | 1,115 |  |  | — |  |  | (25) |  | (1) | 2,532 |  |
Cost of sales | (1,097) |  |  |  |  | (925) |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |  |  | (1,997) |  |
Gross profit | 345 |  |  |  |  | 190 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 535 |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (100) |  |  |  |  | (23) |  |  | (90) |  |  | — |  |  | (213) |  |
Amortization of intangible assets | (41) |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (42) |  |
Research and development expenses | (21) |  |  |  |  | (10) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (31) |  |
Other (charges) gains, net (Note 18) | (16) |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | (20) |  |
Gain (loss) on disposition of business and assets, net | (2) |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |
Other segment items(2) | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |
Operating profit (loss) | 165 |  |  |  |  | 154 |  |  | (86) |  |  | — |  |  | 233 |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 114 |  |  |  |  | 64 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 190 |  |
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates | 24 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |
Capital expenditures | 46 |  |  |  |  | 32 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 84 |  | (3)
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 |
Net sales | 1,467 |  |  |  |  | 1,202 |  |  | — |  |  | (18) |  | (1) | 2,651 |  |
Cost of sales | (1,110) |  |  |  |  | (919) |  |  | 1 |  |  | 18 |  |  | (2,010) |  |
Gross profit | 357 |  |  |  |  | 283 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 641 |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (109) |  |  |  |  | (28) |  |  | (118) |  |  | — |  |  | (255) |  |
Amortization of intangible assets | (38) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (38) |  |
Research and development expenses | (23) |  |  |  |  | (10) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (33) |  |
Other (charges) gains, net (Note 18) | (43) |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | (48) |  |
Gain (loss) on disposition of business and assets, net | (6) |  |  |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |  |
Other segment items(2) | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (9) |  |  | — |  |  | (9) |  |
Operating profit (loss) | 138 |  |  |  |  | 242 |  |  | (130) |  |  | — |  |  | 250 |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 121 |  |  |  |  | 61 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 192 |  |
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates | 47 |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |  |
Capital expenditures | 41 |  |  |  |  | 36 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 87 |  | (3)

______________________________
(1)Includes intersegment sales primarily related to the Acetyl Chain.
(2)Includes Foreign exchange gain (loss), net.
(3)Includes a decrease in accrued capital expenditures of $9 million and $18 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
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| Engineered Materials |  |  |  | Acetyl Chain |  | Other Activities |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated |
| (In $ millions) |
| Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 |
Net sales | 2,729 |  |  |  |  | 2,231 |  |  | — |  |  | (39) |  | (1) | 4,921 |  |
Cost of sales | (2,109) |  |  |  |  | (1,839) |  |  | (1) |  |  | 39 |  |  | (3,910) |  |
Gross profit | 620 |  |  |  |  | 392 |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,011 |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (207) |  |  |  |  | (50) |  |  | (186) |  |  | — |  |  | (443) |  |
Amortization of intangible assets | (81) |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (82) |  |
Research and development expenses | (42) |  |  |  |  | (20) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (62) |  |
Other (charges) gains, net (Note 18) | (31) |  |  |  |  | (4) |  |  | (16) |  |  | — |  |  | (51) |  |
Gain (loss) on disposition of business and assets, net | 2 |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |
Other segment items(2) | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | 27 |  |
Operating profit (loss) | 261 |  |  |  |  | 316 |  |  | (176) |  |  | — |  |  | 401 |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 223 |  |  |  |  | 125 |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | 370 |  |
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates | 40 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |  |
Capital expenditures | 85 |  |  |  |  | 62 |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 162 |  | (3)
| As of June 30, 2025 |
Goodwill and intangible assets, net | 8,799 |  |  |  |  | 439 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,238 |  |
Total assets | 15,868 |  |  |  |  | 5,488 |  |  | 2,357 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,713 |  |
| Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 |
Net sales | 2,845 |  |  |  |  | 2,463 |  |  | — |  |  | (46) |  | (1) | 5,262 |  |
Cost of sales | (2,219) |  |  |  |  | (1,885) |  |  | (9) |  |  | 46 |  |  | (4,067) |  |
Gross profit | 626 |  |  |  |  | 578 |  |  | (9) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,195 |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (212) |  |  |  |  | (58) |  |  | (250) |  |  | — |  |  | (520) |  |
Amortization of intangible assets | (78) |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (79) |  |
Research and development expenses | (48) |  |  |  |  | (20) |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | (67) |  |
Other (charges) gains, net (Note 18) | (54) |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | (7) |  |  | — |  |  | (62) |  |
Gain (loss) on disposition of business and assets, net | (7) |  |  |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9) |  |
Other segment items(2) | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |
Operating profit (loss) | 227 |  |  |  |  | 496 |  |  | (263) |  |  | — |  |  | 460 |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 268 |  |  |  |  | 118 |  |  | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | 413 |  |
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates | 96 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 106 |  |
Capital expenditures | 78 |  |  |  |  | 76 |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | 192 |  | (3)
| As of December 31, 2024 |
Goodwill and intangible assets, net | 8,617 |  |  |  |  | 411 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,028 |  |
Total assets | 15,496 |  |  |  |  | 5,265 |  | 2,096 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,857 |  |

______________________________
(1)Includes intersegment sales primarily related to the Acetyl Chain.
(2)Includes Foreign exchange gain (loss), net.
(3)Includes a decrease in accrued capital expenditures of $33 million and $50 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
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16. Revenue Recognition
The Company has certain contracts that represent take-or-pay revenue arrangements in which the Company's performance obligations extend over multiple years. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had $725 million of remaining performance obligations related to take-or-pay contracts. The Company expects to recognize approximately $269 million of its remaining performance obligations as Net sales in 2025, $238 million in 2026, $114 million in 2027 and the balance thereafter.
Contract Balances
Contract liabilities primarily relate to advances or deposits received from the Company's customers before revenue is recognized. These amounts are recorded as deferred revenue and are included in Current and Noncurrent Other liabilities in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets.
The Company does not have any material contract assets as of June 30, 2025.
Disaggregated Revenue
In general, the Company's business segmentation is aligned according to the nature and economic characteristics of its products and customer relationships and provides meaningful disaggregation of each business segment's results of operations.
The Company manages its Engineered Materials business segment through its project management pipeline, which is comprised of a broad range of projects that are solutions-based and are tailored to each customer's unique needs. Projects are identified and selected based on success rate and may involve a number of different polymers per project for use in multiple end-use applications. Therefore, the Company is agnostic toward products and end-use markets for the Engineered Materials business segment.
The Company manages its Acetyl Chain business segment by leveraging its ability to sell chemicals externally to end-use markets or downstream to its acetate tow, intermediate chemistry, emulsion polymers, redispersible powders and ethylene vinyl acetate polymers businesses. Decisions to sell externally and geographically or downstream and along the Acetyl Chain are based on market demand, trade flows and maximizing the value of its chemicals. Therefore, the Company's strategic focus is on executing within this integrated chain model and less on driving product-specific revenue.
Further disaggregation of Net sales by business segment and geographic destination is as follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  |
| (In $ millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Engineered Materials |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America | 404 |  |  | 420 |  |  | 753 |  |  | 792 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Europe and Africa | 418 |  |  | 443 |  |  | 806 |  |  | 899 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asia-Pacific | 586 |  |  | 567 |  |  | 1,102 |  |  | 1,083 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
South America | 34 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 71 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | 1,442 |  |  | 1,467 |  |  | 2,729 |  |  | 2,845 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acetyl Chain |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America | 364 |  |  | 390 |  |  | 750 |  |  | 778 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Europe and Africa | 404 |  |  | 421 |  |  | 789 |  |  | 844 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asia-Pacific | 294 |  |  | 346 |  |  | 601 |  |  | 740 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
South America | 28 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 55 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total(1) | 1,090 |  |  | 1,184 |  |  | 2,192 |  |  | 2,417 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

______________________________
(1)Excludes intersegment sales of $25 million and $18 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Excludes intersegment sales of $39 million and $46 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
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17. Earnings (Loss) Per Share

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
| (In $ millions, except share data)
Amounts attributable to Celanese Corporation |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations | 209 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 193 |  |  | 277 |
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations | (10) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (1) |
Net earnings (loss) | 199 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 276 |
Weighted average shares - basic | 109,526,113 |  |  | 109,314,411 |  |  | 109,473,864 |  |  | 109,191,736 |
Incremental shares attributable to equity awards(1) | 208,283 |  |  | 232,990 |  |  | 212,976 |  |  | 331,628 |
Weighted average shares - diluted | 109,734,396 |  |  | 109,547,401 |  |  | 109,686,840 |  |  | 109,523,364 |

______________________________
(1)Excludes stock options to purchase 745,064 and 187,274 shares of Common Stock for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively; and 103,637 and 0 equity award shares for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, as their effect would have been antidilutive. Excludes stock options to purchase 640,775 and 127,845 shares of Common Stock for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively; and 72,955 and 0 equity award shares for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, as their effect would have been antidilutive.
18. Other (Charges) Gains, Net

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
| (In $ millions)
Restructuring(1) | (20) |  |  | (43) |  |  | (51) |  |  | (57) |
Asset impairments | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |
Total | (20) |  |  | (48) |  |  | (51) |  |  | (62) |

______________________________
(1)Includes employee termination benefits related to Company-wide business optimization projects during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and employee termination benefits related to the previously announced closures of the Company's facility in Mechelen, Belgium and its polymerization units in Uentrop, Germany during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.
The changes in the restructuring liabilities by business segment are as follows:

| Engineered Materials |  |  |  | Acetyl Chain |  | Other |  | Total
| (In $ millions)
Employee Termination Benefits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
As of December 31, 2024 | 57 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 63 |
Additions | 31 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 51 |
Cash payments | (60) |  |  |  |  | (2) |  |  | (14) |  |  | (76) |
Other changes | (4) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |
Exchange rate changes | 2 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
As of June 30, 2025 | 26 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 40 |

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19. Subsequent Events
On August 11, 2025, Celanese, Celanese U.S. and certain subsidiaries entered into a new revolving credit agreement consisting of a $1.75 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility (with a letter of credit sublimit), maturing in 2030, which replaced the U.S. Revolving Credit Facility. The margin for borrowings under the new revolving credit facility is 1.00% to 2.00% (or between 0.00% and 1.00% in the case of U.S. dollar base rate borrowings) above certain interbank rates at current Company credit ratings.
Also on August 11, 2025, the Company amended the March 2022 U.S. Credit Agreement, pursuant to which lenders provided the 5-year Term Loans, maturing in 2027, to, among other things, add or modify financial ratio covenants and other provisions.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Quarterly Report"), the term "Celanese" refers to Celanese Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and not its subsidiaries. The terms the "Company," "we," "our" and "us," refer to Celanese and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The term "Celanese U.S." refers to the Company's subsidiary, Celanese US Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and not its subsidiaries.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Celanese Corporation and Subsidiaries consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed on February 21, 2025 with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") as part of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K ("2024 Form 10-K") and the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and notes to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements herein, which are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP").
Investors are cautioned that the forward-looking statements contained in this section and other parts of this Quarterly Report involve both risk and uncertainty. Several important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated by these statements. Many of these statements are macroeconomic in nature and are, therefore, beyond the control of management. See "Forward-Looking Statements" below and at the beginning of our 2024 Form 10-K.
Forward-Looking Statements
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") and other parts of this Quarterly Report contain certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and information relating to us that are based on the beliefs of our management as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, us. Generally, words such as "believe," "expect," "intend," "estimate," "anticipate," "project," "plan," "may," "can," "could," "might," and "will," and similar expressions, as they relate to us are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our current views and beliefs with respect to future events as of the date hereof, are not historical facts or guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Further, certain forward-looking statements are based upon assumptions as to future events that may not prove to be accurate. All forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report are made as of the date hereof, and the risk that actual results will differ materially from expectations expressed in this Quarterly Report will increase with the passage of time. We undertake no obligation, and disclaim any duty, to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changes in our expectations or otherwise.
Risk Factors
See Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 2024 Form 10-K for a description of certain risk factors that you should consider which could significantly affect our business and/or financial results. In addition, the following factors, among others, could cause our actual results to differ materially from those results, performance or achievements that may be expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements:
•the ability to successfully achieve planned cost reductions;
•changes in general economic, business, political and regulatory conditions in the countries or regions in which we operate;
•the length and depth of product and industry business cycles particularly in the automotive, electrical, textiles, electronics and construction industries;
•volatility or changes in the price and availability of raw materials and energy, particularly changes in the demand for, supply of, and market prices of ethylene, methanol, natural gas, carbon monoxide, wood pulp, hexamethylene diamine, Polyamide 66 ("PA66"), polybutylene terephthalate, ethanol, natural gas and fuel oil and the prices for electricity and other energy sources;
•the ability to pass increases in raw materials prices, logistics costs and other costs on to customers or otherwise improve margins through price increases;
•the possibility that we will not be able to realize the anticipated benefits of the Mobility & Materials business (the "M&M Business") we acquired from DuPont de Nemours, Inc. (the "M&M Acquisition"), including synergies and growth opportunities, whether as a result of difficulties arising from the operation of the M&M Business or other unanticipated delays, costs, inefficiencies or liabilities;
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•additional impairments of goodwill or intangible assets;
•increased commercial, legal or regulatory complexity of entering into, or expanding our exposure to, certain end markets and geographies;
•risks in the global economy and equity and credit markets and their potential impact on our ability to pay down debt in the future and/or refinance at suitable rates, in a timely manner, or at all;
•risks and costs associated with increased leverage from the M&M Acquisition, including increased interest expense and potential reduction of business and strategic flexibility;
•the ability to maintain plant utilization rates and to implement planned capacity additions, expansions and maintenance;
•the ability to reduce or maintain current levels of production costs and to improve productivity by implementing technological improvements to existing plants;
•increased price competition and the introduction of competing products by other companies;
•the ability to identify desirable potential acquisition or divestiture opportunities and to complete such transactions, including obtaining regulatory approvals, consistent with our strategy;
•market acceptance of our products and technology;
•compliance and other costs and potential disruption or interruption of production or operations due to accidents, interruptions in sources of raw materials, transportation, logistics or supply chain disruptions, cybersecurity incidents, terrorism or political unrest, public health crises, or other unforeseen events or delays in construction or operation of facilities, including as a result of geopolitical conditions, the direct or indirect consequences of acts of war or conflict (such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict or conflicts in the Middle East) or terrorist incidents or as a result of weather, natural disasters, or other crises;
•the ability to obtain governmental approvals and to construct facilities on terms and schedules acceptable to us;
•changes in applicable tariffs, duties and trade agreements, tax rates or legislation throughout the world including, but not limited to, anti-dumping and countervailing duties, adjustments, changes in estimates or interpretations or the resolution of tax examinations or audits that may impact recorded or future tax impacts and potential regulatory and legislative tax developments in the United States and other jurisdictions;
•changes in the degree of intellectual property and other legal protection afforded to our products or technologies, or the theft of such intellectual property;
•potential liability for remedial actions and increased costs under existing or future environmental, health and safety regulations, including those relating to climate change or other sustainability matters;
•potential liability resulting from pending or future claims or litigation, including investigations or enforcement actions, or from changes in the laws, regulations or policies of governments or other governmental activities, in the countries in which we operate;
•our level of indebtedness, which could diminish our ability to raise additional capital to fund operations or limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or the chemicals industry, and the success of our deleveraging efforts as well as any changes to our credit ratings;
•changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates;
•tax rates and changes thereto; and
•various other factors, both referenced and not referenced in this Quarterly Report.
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Many of these factors are macroeconomic in nature and are, therefore, beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, affect us in ways or to an extent that we currently do not expect or consider to be significant, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results, performance or achievements may vary materially from those described in this Quarterly Report as anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended, planned or projected. We neither intend nor assume any obligation to update these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof.
Overview
We are a global chemical and specialty materials company. We are a global producer of high performance engineered polymers that are used in a variety of high-value applications, as well as one of the world's largest producers of acetyl products, which are intermediate chemicals for nearly all major industries. As a recognized innovator in the chemicals industry, we engineer and manufacture a wide variety of products essential to everyday living. Our broad product portfolio serves a diverse set of end-use applications including automotive, chemical additives, construction, consumer and industrial adhesives, medical, consumer electronics, energy storage, filtration, paints and coatings, paper and packaging, industrial applications and textiles. Our products enjoy leading global positions due to our differentiated business models, large global production capacity, operating efficiencies, proprietary technology and competitive cost structures.
Our large and diverse global customer base primarily consists of major companies across a broad array of industries. We hold geographically balanced global positions and participate in diversified end-use applications. We combine a demonstrated track record of execution, strong performance built on differentiated business models and a clear focus on growth and value creation. Known for operational excellence, reliability and execution of our business strategies, we partner with our customers around the globe to deliver best-in-class technologies and solutions.
Impact of Tariffs
As we are a global company, recently announced tariffs, uncertainty regarding potential future tariffs, and their potential effects on demand for our products may affect our business. We continue to analyze the impact of these tariffs on our business and actions we can take to minimize their impact.
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Results of Operations
Financial Highlights

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  |
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | Change |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | Change
| (unaudited)
| (In $ millions, except percentages)
Statement of Operations Data |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales | 2,532 |  |  | 2,651 |  |  | (119) |  |  | 4,921 |  |  | 5,262 |  |  | (341) |
Gross profit | 535 |  |  | 641 |  |  | (106) |  |  | 1,011 |  |  | 1,195 |  |  | (184) |
Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses | (213) |  |  | (255) |  |  | 42 |  |  | (443) |  |  | (520) |  |  | 77 |
Other (charges) gains, net | (20) |  |  | (48) |  |  | 28 |  |  | (51) |  |  | (62) |  |  | 11 |
Gain (loss) on disposition of businesses and assets, net | (2) |  |  | (8) |  |  | 6 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (9) |  |  | 10 |
Operating profit (loss) | 233 |  |  | 250 |  |  | (17) |  |  | 401 |  |  | 460 |  |  | (59) |
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates | 29 |  |  | 51 |  |  | (22) |  |  | 51 |  |  | 106 |  |  | (55) |
Non-operating pension and other postretirement employee benefit (expense) income | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (1) |
Interest expense | (177) |  |  | (174) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (347) |  |  | (343) |  |  | (4) |
Refinancing expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32) |  |  | — |  |  | (32) |
Interest income | 7 |  |  | 10 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 11 |  |  | 23 |  |  | (12) |
Dividend income - equity investments | 41 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 65 |  |  | (23) |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before tax | 135 |  |  | 183 |  |  | (48) |  |  | 132 |  |  | 340 |  |  | (208) |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations | 212 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 278 |  |  | (78) |
Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations | (10) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (14) |
Net earnings (loss) | 202 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 277 |  |  | (92) |
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Celanese Corporation | 199 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 276 |  |  | (98) |
Other Data |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 190 |  |  | 192 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 370 |  |  | 413 |  |  | (43) |
SG&A expenses as a percentage of Net sales | 8.4 | % |  | 9.6 | % |  |  |  | 9.0 | % |  | 9.9 | % |  |
Operating margin(1) | 9.2 | % |  | 9.4 | % |  |  |  | 8.1 | % |  | 8.7 | % |  |
Other (charges) gains, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring | (20) |  |  | (43) |  |  | 23 |  |  | (51) |  |  | (57) |  |  | 6 |
Asset impairments | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | 5 |
Total Other (charges) gains, net | (20) |  |  | (48) |  |  | 28 |  |  | (51) |  |  | (62) |  |  | 11 |

______________________________
(1)Defined as Operating profit (loss) divided by Net sales.

| As of June 30, 2025 |  | As of December 31, 2024
| (unaudited)
| (In $ millions)
Balance Sheet Data |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | 1,173 |  |  | 962 |
Short-term borrowings and current installments of long-term debt - third party and affiliates | 252 |  |  | 1,501 |
Long-term debt, net of unamortized deferred financing costs | 12,689 |  |  | 11,078 |
Total debt | 12,941 |  |  | 12,579 |

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Factors Affecting Business Segment Net Sales
The percentage increase (decrease) in Net sales attributable to each of the factors indicated for each of our business segments is as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2024

| Volume |  | Price |  | Currency |  |  |  | Total
| (unaudited)
| (In percentages)
Engineered Materials | (3) |  |  | (1) |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | (2) |
Acetyl Chain | (2) |  |  | (7) |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | (7) |
Total Company | (2) |  |  | (4) |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | (4) |

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

| Volume |  | Price |  | Currency |  |  |  | Total
| (unaudited)
| (In percentages)
Engineered Materials | (3) |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (4) |
Acetyl Chain | (4) |  |  | (5) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (9) |
Total Company | (3) |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (6) |

Consolidated Results
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Net sales decreased $119 million, or 4%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•lower pricing, primarily driven by our Acetyl Chain segment due to an environment with greater supply than demand, as well as our Engineered Materials segment due to competitive market dynamics; and
•lower volume in our Engineered Materials and Acetyl Chain segments, primarily driven by weaker global economic conditions and decreased global demand;
partially offset by:
•a favorable currency impact from our Engineered Materials and Acetyl Chain segments, primarily resulting from a stronger euro relative to the U.S. dollar.
Operating profit decreased $17 million, or 7%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•lower Net sales across our segments;
partially offset by:
•lower spending of $30 million, primarily in Other Activities due to realization of synergy and cost savings actions incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2025;
•a favorable impact of $27 million to Other (charges) gains, net in our Engineered Materials segment primarily related to restructuring costs for the previously announced closure of our facility in Mechelen, Belgium and our polymerization units in Uentrop, Germany which did not recur in the current period (see Note 18 - Other (Charges) Gains, Net in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information);
•lower raw materials costs in our Acetyl Chain and Engineered Materials segments; and
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•a favorable impact of operating foreign currency exchange in Other Activities, primarily due to integration activities during the three months ended June 30, 2024, which did not recur in the current period.
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates decreased $22 million, or 43%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•a decrease in earnings from our Ibn Sina strategic affiliate, primarily due to lower methyl tertiary-butyl ether ("MTBE") volume from weaker economic conditions, as well as lower MTBE pricing and higher feedstock costs.
Dividend income - equity investments increased $10 million, or 32%, for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•a change in the timing of dividend income from our Nantong Cellulose Fibers strategic affiliate in China whereby dividends are received three times a year beginning in the second quarter instead of each quarter.
Our effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was a benefit of 57% compared to an expense of 16% for the same period in 2024, primarily due to a net deferred tax benefit related to the relocation of certain intangible assets among wholly owned foreign affiliates as part of the continued integration of global principal operations during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and a tax benefit related to the settlement of tax examinations with the German tax authorities for the tax years 2008 through 2012 during the three months ended June 30, 2025. See Note 11 - Income Taxes in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Net sales decreased $341 million, or 6%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•lower volume in our Acetyl Chain and Engineered Materials segments, primarily driven by decreased global demand and weaker global economic conditions; and
•lower pricing, primarily in our Acetyl Chain segment due to an environment with greater supply than demand and in our Engineered Materials segment due to competitive market dynamics.
Operating profit decreased $59 million, or 13%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•lower Net sales across our segments;
partially offset by:
•lower spending of $71 million in Other Activities, primarily due to realization of synergy and cost savings actions during the six months ended June 30, 2025, and IT integration costs which did not recur in the current period;
•accelerated depreciation expense of $56 million in our Engineered Materials segment, during the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily related to the previously announced closure of our polymerization units in Uentrop, Germany and our facility in Mechelen, Belgium, which did not recur in the current period;
•lower raw materials costs and favorable raw materials mix in our Engineered Materials segment;
•a favorable impact of $23 million to Other (charges) gains, net in our Engineered Materials segment primarily related to restructuring costs for the previously announced closure of our facility in Mechelen, Belgium and our polymerization units in Uentrop, Germany, which did not recur in the current period, partially reduced by the Company-wide business restructuring and optimization projects in the current year (see Note 18 - Other (Charges) Gains, Net in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information), during the six months ended June 30, 2025; and
•a favorable impact of operating foreign currency exchange in Other Activities, primarily due to business optimization during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and integration activities during the three months ended June 30, 2024, which did not recur in the current period.
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Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates decreased $55 million, or 52%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•a decrease in earnings from our Ibn Sina strategic affiliate, primarily as a result of lower MTBE volume arising from weaker economic conditions, as well as lower MTBE pricing and higher feedstock costs.
Dividend income - equity investments decreased $23 million, or 35%, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•a change in the timing of dividend income from our Nantong Cellulose Fibers strategic affiliate in China whereby dividends are received three times a year beginning in the second quarter instead of each quarter.
Our effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was a benefit of 52% compared to an expense of 18% for the same period in 2024, primarily due to a net deferred tax benefit related to the relocation of certain intangible assets among wholly owned foreign affiliates as part of the continued integration of global principal operations during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and a tax benefit related to the settlement of tax examinations with the German tax authorities for the tax years 2008 through 2012 during the three months ended June 30, 2025, partially offset by increases in valuation allowance on U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards due to revised forecasts of foreign sourced income and expenses during the carryforward period during the three months ended March 31, 2025. In addition, the effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2024, included non-recurring tax effects related to internal debt restructuring transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2024. See Note 11 - Income Taxes in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information.
Business Segments
Engineered Materials

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Change |  | % Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Change |  | % Change
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |
| (unaudited)
| (In $ millions, except percentages)
Net sales | 1,442 |  |  | 1,467 |  |  | (25) |  |  | (1.7) | % |  | 2,729 |  |  | 2,845 |  |  | (116) |  |  | (4.1) | %
Net Sales Variance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Volume | (3) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Price | (1) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency | 2 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Other (charges) gains, net | (16) |  |  | (43) |  |  | 27 |  |  | 62.8 | % |  | (31) |  |  | (54) |  |  | 23 |  |  | 42.6 | %
Operating profit (loss) | 165 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 19.6 | % |  | 261 |  |  | 227 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 15.0 | %
Operating margin | 11.4 | % |  | 9.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 9.6 | % |  | 8.0 | % |  |  |  |
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates | 24 |  |  | 47 |  |  | (23) |  |  | (48.9) | % |  | 40 |  |  | 96 |  |  | (56) |  |  | (58.3) | %
Depreciation and amortization | 114 |  |  | 121 |  |  | (7) |  |  | (5.8) | % |  | 223 |  |  | 268 |  |  | (45) |  |  | (16.8) | %

Our Engineered Materials segment includes our engineered materials business and certain strategic affiliates. Our engineered materials business develops, produces and supplies a broad portfolio of high performance specialty polymers for automotive and medical applications, as well as industrial products and consumer electronics. Together with our strategic affiliates, our engineered materials business is a leading participant in the global specialty polymers industry.
The pricing of products within the Engineered Materials segment is primarily based on the value of the material we produce and is generally independent of changes in the cost of raw materials, but may be impacted during periods of inflation and increased costs. Therefore, in general, margins may expand or contract in response to changes in raw materials costs. We attempt to address increases in raw materials costs through appropriate pricing actions.
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Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Net sales decreased for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•lower volume, primarily due to weaker global economic conditions; and
•lower pricing for most of our products, primarily due to competitive market dynamics;
partially offset by:
•a favorable currency impact, primarily resulting from a stronger euro relative to the U.S. dollar.
Operating profit increased for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•a favorable impact of $27 million to Other (charges) gains, net primarily related to restructuring costs for the previously announced closure of our facility in Mechelen, Belgium and our polymerization units in Uentrop, Germany, which did not recur in the current period (see Note 18 - Other (Charges) Gains, Net in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information);
•lower spending of $17 million, primarily related to the previously announced closure of our polymerization units in Uentrop, Germany and our facility in Mechelen, Belgium, and the previously announced Company-wide business optimization projects, during the three months ended June 30, 2025; and
•lower raw materials costs and favorable raw materials mix;
partially offset by:
•lower Net sales.
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates decreased for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•a decrease in earnings from our Ibn Sina strategic affiliate, primarily due to lower MTBE volume from weaker economic conditions, as well as lower MTBE pricing and higher feedstock costs.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Net sales decreased for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•lower volume, primarily due to weaker global economic conditions; and
•lower pricing for most of our products, primarily due to competitive market dynamics.
Operating profit increased for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•accelerated depreciation expense of $56 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily related to the previously announced closure of our polymerization units in Uentrop, Germany and our facility in Mechelen, Belgium, which did not recur in the current period;
•lower raw materials costs and favorable raw materials mix; and
•a favorable impact of $23 million to Other (charges) gains, net primarily related to restructuring costs for the previously announced closure of our facility in Mechelen, Belgium and our polymerization units in Uentrop, Germany, which did not recur in the current period, partially reduced by the Company-wide business restructuring and optimization projects in the current period (see Note 18 - Other (Charges) Gains, Net in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information), during the six months ended June 30, 2025;
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partially offset by:
•lower Net sales.
Equity in net earnings (loss) of affiliates decreased for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•a decrease in earnings from our Ibn Sina strategic affiliate, primarily due to lower MTBE volume arising from weaker economic conditions, as well as lower MTBE pricing and higher feedstock costs.
Acetyl Chain

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Change |  | % Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Change |  | % Change
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |
| (unaudited)
| (In $ millions, except percentages)
Net sales | 1,115 |  |  | 1,202 |  |  | (87) |  |  | (7.2) | % |  | 2,231 |  |  | 2,463 |  |  | (232) |  |  | (9.4) | %
Net Sales Variance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Volume | (2) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Price | (7) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency | 2 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating profit (loss) | 154 |  |  | 242 |  |  | (88) |  |  | (36.4) | % |  | 316 |  |  | 496 |  |  | (180) |  |  | (36.3) | %
Operating margin | 13.8 | % |  | 20.1 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 14.2 | % |  | 20.1 | % |  |  |  |
Dividend income - equity investments | 41 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 36.7 | % |  | 41 |  |  | 64 |  |  | (23) |  |  | (35.9) | %
Depreciation and amortization | 64 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4.9 | % |  | 125 |  |  | 118 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 5.9 | %

Our Acetyl Chain segment, which includes the integrated chain of our intermediate chemistry, emulsion polymers, ethylene vinyl acetate polymers, redispersible powders and acetate tow businesses, is active in every major global industrial sector and serves diverse consumer end-use applications. These include conventional uses, such as paints, coatings, adhesives, and filter products, as well as other unique, high-value end uses including flexible packaging, thermal laminations, pharmaceuticals, wire and cable, and compounds. Together with our strategic affiliates, our Acetyl Chain businesses are leading producers and suppliers in multiple global industrial sectors.
The pricing of products within the Acetyl Chain is influenced by industry utilization rates and changes in the cost of raw materials. Therefore, in general, there is a directional correlation between these factors and our Net sales for most Acetyl Chain products. This impact to pricing typically lags changes in raw materials costs over months or quarters.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Net sales decreased for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•lower pricing for most of our products globally, due to an environment with greater supply than demand during the three months ended June 30, 2025; and
•lower volume across most of our products, due to decreased global demand and weaker seasonal trends;
partially offset by:
•a favorable currency impact, primarily resulting from a stronger euro relative to the U.S. dollar.
Operating profit decreased for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•lower Net sales; and
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•higher spending of $16 million, primarily as a result of plant turnaround costs at our Clear Lake site, inclusive of our joint venture, Fairway Methanol LLC, incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2025;
partially offset by:
•lower raw materials and sourcing costs, primarily for ethylene and acid.
Dividend income - equity investments increased for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•a change in the timing of dividend income from our Nantong Cellulose Fibers strategic affiliate in China whereby dividends are received three times a year beginning in the second quarter instead of each quarter.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Net sales decreased for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•lower pricing for our products globally, due to an environment with greater supply than demand during the six months ended June 30, 2025; and
•lower volume across most of our products, due to decreased global demand and weaker seasonal trends.
Operating profit decreased for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•lower Net sales.
Dividend income - equity investments decreased for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•a change in the timing of dividend income from our Nantong Cellulose Fibers strategic affiliate in China whereby dividends are received three times a year beginning in the second quarter instead of each quarter.
Other Activities

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Change |  | % Change |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Change |  | % Change
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |
| (unaudited)
| (In $ millions, except percentages)
Operating profit (loss) | (86) |  |  | (130) |  |  | 44 |  |  | 33.8 | % |  | (176) |  |  | (263) |  |  | 87 |  |  | 33.1 | %

Other Activities primarily consists of corporate center costs, including administrative activities such as finance, taxes, information technology and human resource functions, interest income and expense associated with financing activities and results of our captive insurance companies. Other Activities also includes the components of net periodic benefit cost (interest cost, expected return on assets and net actuarial gains and losses) for our defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement plans not allocated to our business segments.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Operating loss decreased for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•lower spending of $29 million, primarily due to realization of synergy and cost savings actions incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2025; and
•a favorable impact of operating foreign currency exchange, primarily due to integration activities during the three months ended June 30, 2024, which did not recur in the current period.
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Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Operating loss decreased for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•lower spending of $71 million, primarily due to realization of synergy and cost savings actions during the six months ended June 30, 2025, and IT integration costs which did not recur in the current period; and
•a favorable impact of operating foreign currency exchange, primarily due to business optimization during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and integration activities during the three months ended June 30, 2024, which did not recur in the current period.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of liquidity are cash generated from operations, available cash and cash equivalents, dividends from our portfolio of strategic investments and available borrowings under our senior unsecured revolving credit facilities. As of June 30, 2025, we have $1.75 billion available for borrowing under our senior U.S. unsecured revolving credit facility and $70 million available for borrowing under our separate China Revolving Credit Facilities (defined below), if required, to meet our working capital needs and other contractual obligations. In addition, we held cash and cash equivalents of $1.2 billion as of June 30, 2025. We are actively managing our business to maintain cash flow, and we believe that liquidity from the above-referenced sources will be sufficient to meet our operational and capital investment needs and financial obligations for the foreseeable future.
Our incurrence of debt to finance the purchase price for a majority of the Mobility & Materials business (the "M&M Business") acquired from DuPont de Nemours, Inc. in November 2022 (the "M&M Acquisition") has increased our leverage and our ratio of indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA as set forth in our senior unsecured credit facilities. We believe that cash flows from our operations, together with synergy opportunities from the M&M Acquisition and cost reduction initiatives, will support our deleveraging efforts over the next few years. However, we expect the weakened demand environment, as discussed below, to continue to adversely impact our cash generation in the near-term. In furtherance of our deleveraging efforts, we have paused our share repurchase program and are in the process of evaluating additional cash generation or conservation opportunities. As part of this process, in November 2024, we announced our intent to reduce our quarterly dividend by approximately 95 percent beginning in the first quarter of 2025. We will continue to evaluate our dividend policy, taking into account our ability to return to a balanced capital allocation strategy. Our deleveraging efforts may also include other opportunistic dispositions or monetization of other product or business lines or other assets.
While our contractual obligations, commitments and debt service requirements over the next several years are significant, we continue to believe we will have available resources to meet our liquidity requirements, including debt service, for the next 12 months. If our cash flow from operations is insufficient to fund our debt service and other obligations, we may be required to use other means available to us such as increasing our borrowings, reducing or delaying capital expenditures, seeking additional capital, further reducing or pausing dividend payments, or seeking to restructure or refinance our indebtedness. There can be no assurance, however, that we will continue to generate cash flows at or above current levels.
We continue to focus our near-term capital expenditures on required maintenance projects and productivity improvements, as we continue to prioritize deleveraging and expect total capital expenditures to be approximately $300 million to $350 million in 2025. In Engineered Materials, at our Nanjing, China facility, our expansions of (1) the compounding plant is in construction and on schedule for completion in the third quarter of 2025 to meet demand and (2) the new liquid crystal polymer ("LCP") plant is in construction and on schedule for completion in the second half of 2026. At our Bishop, Texas facility, our debottleneck of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene ("UHMW-PE") unit has completed detailed engineering design though construction is delayed in line with expected demand growth. Our energy optimization productivity and greenhouse gas reduction project at our polyoxymethylene ("POM") unit in Frankfurt, Germany is delayed consistent with our capital reductions. In the Acetyl Chain, our planned expansion of our vinyl acetate ethylene ("VAE") emulsion plant in Frankfurt, Germany is in construction and on schedule for start-up in the third quarter of 2025. We continue to see the investments made in recent years strengthen the growth and reliability, while lowering the carbon footprint, of our manufacturing network to best serve our customers.
On a stand-alone basis, Celanese and its immediate 100% owned subsidiary, Celanese U.S., have no independent external operations of their own. Accordingly, they generally depend on the cash flow of their subsidiaries and their ability to pay dividends and make other distributions to Celanese and Celanese U.S. in order to meet their obligations, including their obligations under senior credit facilities and senior notes, and to pay dividends on our Common Stock.
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We are subject to capital controls and exchange restrictions imposed by the local governments in certain jurisdictions where we operate, such as China, South Korea, India and Indonesia. Capital controls impose limitations on our ability to exchange currencies, repatriate earnings or capital, lend via intercompany loans or create cross-border cash pooling arrangements. Our largest exposure to a country with capital controls is in China. Pursuant to applicable regulations, foreign-invested enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, the Chinese government imposes certain currency exchange controls on cash transfers out of China, puts certain limitations on duration, purpose and amount of intercompany loans, and restricts cross-border cash pooling. While it is possible that future tightening of these restrictions or application of new similar restrictions could impact us, these limitations do not currently restrict our operations.
We remain in compliance with the covenants in the existing Global Credit Agreements (defined below, and as amended to date) and expect to remain in compliance based on our current expectation of future results of operations and planned cash generation activities. If the actual future results of our operations and cash generation activities differ materially from these expectations, we may be required to seek an amendment to or waiver of any impacted covenants, which may increase our borrowing costs under the existing Global Credit Agreements.
Cash Flows
Cash and cash equivalents increased $211 million to $1.2 billion as of June 30, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024. As of June 30, 2025, $704 million of the $1.2 billion of cash and cash equivalents was held by our foreign subsidiaries. Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, we incurred a prior year charge associated with the deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. These funds are largely accessible without additional material tax consequences, if needed in the U.S., to fund operations.
•Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $54 million to $447 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $393 million for the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•favorable trade working capital of $203 million, primarily due to inventory reductions and the timing of settlement of trade payables, during the six months ended June 30, 2025;
partially offset by:
•a decrease in Net earnings, excluding non-cash items.
•Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities decreased $56 million to $186 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to net cash used in investing activities of $242 million for the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•a decrease of $47 million in capital expenditures during the six months ended June 30, 2025.
•Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities decreased $677 million to $71 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to net cash used in financing activities of $748 million for the same period in 2024, primarily due to:
•an increase in proceeds from long-term debt primarily due to the 2025 Offering (defined below) of $2.6 billion;
•an increase in net borrowings on short-term debt of $285 million, primarily due to an increase in net borrowings on our China Revolving Credit Facilities (defined below) of $187 million, and an increase in net borrowings under the China Working Capital Term Loan Agreement (defined below); and
•a decrease in common stock dividends paid of $148 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025;
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partially offset by:
•an increase in repayments of long-term debt, primarily due to the Tender Offers (defined below) of $1.1 billion, redemption of the 6.050% Senior Notes due March 15, 2025, partial repayment of $400 million of the March 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement (defined below), and redemption of the 1.250% Senior Notes due February 11, 2025, offset by the $473 million payment at maturity of the 3.500% senior unsecured notes during the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Debt and Other Obligations
•Senior Credit Facilities
In March 2022, we entered into a term loan credit agreement (as amended to date, the "March 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement"), pursuant to which lenders provided a tranche of delayed-draw term loans due 5 years from issuance in an amount equal to $1.0 billion (the "5-year Term Loans"). As of June 30, 2025, $480 million was outstanding under the March 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement. On July 30, 2025, $150 million of such outstanding amount was repaid. On August 11, 2025, Celanese, Celanese U.S. and certain subsidiaries entered into an amendment to the March 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement (see Note 19 - Subsequent Events in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information).
Also in March 2022, we entered into a new revolving credit agreement (as amended to date, the "U.S. Revolving Credit Agreement") consisting of a $1.75 billion senior unsecured revolving credit facility (with a letter of credit sublimit), maturing in 2027. On August 11, 2025, Celanese, Celanese U.S. and certain subsidiaries entered into a new revolving credit agreement (see Note 1 9 - Subs equent Events in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information).
In January 2023, Celanese (Shanghai) International Trading Co., Ltd ("CSIT"), a fully consolidated subsidiary, entered into an amendment and restatement of an existing credit facility agreement (the "CSIT Revolving Credit Agreement") to upsize and modify the facility thereunder to consist of an aggregate CNY1.75 billion uncommitted senior unsecured revolving credit facility available under two tranches (with overdraft, bank guarantee and documentary credit sublimits) (the "CSIT January 2023 Facility", and together with any other revolving credit facilities available to the Company's subsidiaries in China, the "China Revolving Credit Facilities"). Obligations bear interest at certain fixed and floating rates. In April 2024, the CSIT January 2023 Facility was reduced to CNY750 million, and in December 2024, the CSIT January 2023 Facility was reduced to CNY550 million. The CSIT Revolving Credit Agreement is guaranteed by Celanese U.S.
Also in January 2023, CSIT entered into a senior unsecured working capital loan contract for CNY800 million (the "January 2023 CSIT One Year Working Capital Term Loan Agreement"), payable 12 months from withdrawal date and bearing interest at 0.5% less than certain interbank rates. The loan under the January 2023 CSIT One Year Working Capital Term Loan Agreement was fully drawn in January 2023 and was fully repaid during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
In December 2023, Celanese (Nanjing) Chemical Co., Ltd. ("CNC") entered into a senior unsecured working capital loan agreement for CNY800 million, payable on December 25, 2026 and bearing interest at 2.8% (the "December 2023 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement"). The loan under the December 2023 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement was fully drawn during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
In June 2024, CNC entered into a senior unsecured working capital loan agreement for CNY800 million, payable in installments until June 2027 and bearing interest at 2.75% (the "June 2024 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement"). CNY720 million of the June 2024 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement was outstanding as of June 30, 2025.
In November 2024, we entered into a senior unsecured term loan credit agreement (the "November 2024 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement", and together with the U.S. Revolving Credit Agreement and March 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement, the "U.S. Credit Agreements"), pursuant to which the lenders provided a delayed-draw term loan due 364 days from the date of borrowing in an amount up to $1.0 billion. Amounts outstanding under the November 2024 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement accrued interest at a rate equal to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate with an interest period of one or three months ("Term SOFR") plus a margin of 1.300% to 2.250% per annum, or the base rate plus a margin of 0.300% to 1.250%, in each case, based on our senior unsecured debt rating, subject to further changes based on such ratings. $500 million was drawn under the November 2024 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement during the six months ended June 30, 2025, and any remaining commitments thereunder terminated on March 15, 2025. $500 million of such drawn amount was repaid and the facility was terminated during the six months ended June 30, 2025.
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In December 2024, CNC entered into a senior unsecured working capital loan agreement for CNY1.0 billion, payable in installments until March 2028 and bearing interest at certain floating rates (the "December 2024 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement"). CNY500 million of the December 2024 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement was drawn during the six months ended June 30, 2025.
On March 6, 2025, CNC entered into a senior unsecured working capital loan agreement for CNY750 million, payable in installments until March 2028 and bearing interest at certain floating rates (the "March 2025 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement" together with the December 2024 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement, the June 2024 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement, the December 2023 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement, the January 2023 CSIT One Year Working Capital Term Loan Agreement, and the CSIT Revolving Credit Agreement, the "China Credit Agreements," and the China Credit Agreements together with the U.S. Credit Agreements, the "Global Credit Agreements"). CNY509 million of the March 2025 CNC Three Year Working Capital Loan Agreement was drawn during the six months ended June 30, 2025. We expect that the China Credit Agreements will continue to facilitate its efficient repatriation of cash to the U.S. to repay debt and effectively redomicile a portion of its U.S. debt to China at a lower average interest rate.
On February 16, 2024, November 1, 2024 and February 17, 2025, we amended certain covenants in certain of the U.S. Credit Agreements, including financial ratio maintenance covenants.
The U.S. Credit Agreements are guaranteed by Celanese, Celanese U.S. and domestic subsidiaries together representing substantially all of our U.S. assets and business operations (the "Subsidiary Guarantors").
•Senior Notes
On March 14, 2025, Celanese U.S. completed a public offering registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), of senior unsecured notes as follows (collectively, the "2025 Offering"):

Maturity Date |  | Aggregate Principal Amount Issued |  | Offering Price |  | Interest Rate |
|  | (In $/€ millions) |  |  |  |  |
April 15, 2030 |  | $ | 700 |  |  | 100.000% |  | 6.500% |
April 15, 2031 |  | € | 750 |  |  | 100.000% |  | 5.000% |
April 15, 2033 |  | $ | 1,100 |  |  | 100.000% |  | 6.750% |

Deferred financing costs related to the 2025 Offering were $34 million and are being amortized to Interest expense in the unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations over the terms of the applicable notes.
On March 21, 2025, Celanese U.S. completed cash tender offers for €552 million and $500 million in aggregate principal amounts (the "Tender Offers") as follows:

Maturity Date |  | Aggregate Principal Amount Tendered |  | Purchase price per $/€1,000 principal amount |  | Total Tender Offer Consideration |  |
|  | (In $/€ millions) |  |  |  | (In $/€ millions)
July 19, 2026 |  | € | 552 |  |  | € | 1,026.68 |  |  | € | 567 |  |  |
July 15, 2027 |  | $ | 500 |  |  | $ | 1,031.10 |  |  | $ | 516 |  |  |

The net proceeds from the 2025 Offering, together with borrowings under the November 2024 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement were used (i) to fund the Tender Offers, (ii) for repayment of other outstanding indebtedness, including the repayment of a portion of the March 2022 U.S. Term Loan Credit Agreement, the repayment of borrowings under the U.S. Revolving Credit Agreement and repayment of 6.050% Senior Notes due March 15, 2025 and (iii) related fees and expenses.
Refinancing expense in the unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations includes fees and expenses related to the Tender Offer, including accelerated amortization of deferred financing costs associated with the principal amounts tendered, was $32 million.
There have been no material changes to our debt or other obligations described in our 2024 Form 10-K other than those disclosed above and in Note 7 - Debt in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
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•Accounts Receivable Purchasing Facility
On June 13, 2025, we entered into an amendment to the amended and restated receivables purchase agreement under our U.S. accounts receivable purchasing facility among certain of our subsidiaries, our wholly-owned, "bankruptcy remote" special purpose subsidiary ("SPE") and certain global financial institutions ("Purchasers"). We de-recognized $802 million and $1.5 billion of accounts receivable under this agreement for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and year ended December 31, 2024, respectively, and collected $764 million and $1.5 billion of accounts receivable sold under this agreement during the same periods. Unsold U.S. accounts receivable of $95 million were pledged by the SPE as collateral to the Purchasers as of June 30, 2025.
•Factoring and Discounting Agreements
We have factoring agreements in Europe, Japan, Singapore and China with financial institutions. We de-recognized $356 million and $700 million of accounts receivable under these factoring agreements for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and year ended December 31, 2024, respectively, and collected $337 million and $640 million of accounts receivable sold under these factoring agreements during the same periods.
We have master discounting agreements (the "Master Discounting Agreements") with financial institutions in China to discount, on a non-recourse basis, banker's acceptance drafts, classified as accounts receivable. We received $39 million and $100 million from the accounts receivable transferred under the Master Discounting Agreements for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and year ended December 31, 2024, respectively.
Covenants
The Company's material financing arrangements contain customary covenants, such as events of default and change of control provisions, and in the case of the existing U.S. Credit Agreements the maintenance of certain financial ratios (subject to adjustment following certain qualifying acquisitions and dispositions, as set forth in the existing U.S. Credit Agreements, as amended). Failure to comply with these covenants, or the occurrence of any other event of default, could result in acceleration of the borrowings and other financial obligations.
We are in compliance with the covenants in our material financing arrangements as of June 30, 2025.
See Note 7 - Debt in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information.
Guarantor Financial Information
We have outstanding senior unsecured notes, issued in public offerings registered under the Securities Act (collectively, the "Senior Notes"). The Senior Notes were issued by Celanese U.S. ("Issuer") and are guaranteed by Celanese Corporation ("Parent Guarantor") and the Subsidiary Guarantors (collectively the "Obligor Group"). See Note 7 - Debt in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information. The Issuer and Subsidiary Guarantors are 100% owned subsidiaries of the Parent Guarantor. The Subsidiary Guarantors are listed in Exhibit 22.1 to this Quarterly Report.
The Parent Guarantor and the Subsidiary Guarantors have guaranteed the Senior Notes on a full and unconditional, joint and several, senior unsecured basis. The guarantees are subject to certain customary release provisions, including that a Subsidiary Guarantor will be released from its respective guarantee in specified circumstances, including (i) the sale or transfer of all of its assets or capital stock; (ii) its merger or consolidation with, or transfer of all or substantially all of its assets to, another person; or (iii) its ceasing to be a majority-owned subsidiary of the Issuer in connection with any sale of its capital stock or other transaction. Additionally, a Subsidiary Guarantor will be released from its guarantee of the Senior Notes at such time that it ceases to guarantee the Issuer's obligations under the existing U.S. Credit Agreements (subject to the satisfaction of customary document delivery requirements). The obligations of the Subsidiary Guarantors under their guarantees are limited as necessary to prevent such guarantees from constituting a fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer under applicable law.
The Parent Guarantor and the Issuer are holding companies that conduct substantially all of their operations through their subsidiaries, which own substantially all of our consolidated assets. The Parent Guarantor holds the stock of its immediate 100% owned subsidiary, the Issuer, but has no material consolidated assets. The principal source of cash to pay the Parent Guarantor's and the Issuer's obligations, including obligations under the Senior Notes and the guarantee of the Issuer's obligations under the existing U.S. Credit Agreements, is the cash that our subsidiaries generate from their operations. Each of the Subsidiary Guarantors and our non-guarantor subsidiaries is a distinct legal entity and, under certain circumstances, applicable country or state laws, regulatory limitations and terms of other debt instruments may limit our subsidiaries' ability to distribute cash to the Issuer and the Parent Guarantor.
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For cash management purposes, we transfer cash among the Parent Guarantor, Issuer, Subsidiary Guarantors and non-guarantors through intercompany financing arrangements, contributions or declaration of dividends between the respective parent and its subsidiaries. While the non-guarantor subsidiaries do not guarantee the Issuer's obligations under our outstanding debt, the transfer of cash under these activities facilitates the ability of the recipient to make specified third-party payments for principal and interest on the Senior Notes, the existing U.S. Credit Agreements, other outstanding debt, Common Stock dividends and Common Stock repurchases.
The summarized financial information of the Obligor Group is presented below on a combined basis after the elimination of: (i) intercompany transactions among such entities and (ii) equity in earnings from and investments in the non-guarantor subsidiaries. Transactions with, and amounts due to or from, non-guarantor subsidiaries and affiliates are separately disclosed.

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
| (In $ millions)
| (unaudited)
Net sales to third parties | 888 |
Net sales to non-guarantor subsidiaries | 353 |
Total net sales | 1,241 |
Gross profit | 52 |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations | (575) |
Net earnings (loss) | (580) |
Net earnings (loss) attributable to the Obligor Group | (580) |

| As of June 30, 2025 |  | As of December 31, 2024
| (In $ millions)
| (unaudited)
Receivables from non-guarantor subsidiaries | 1,708 |  |  | 1,138 |
Other current assets | 2,424 |  |  | 2,372 |
Total current assets | 4,132 |  |  | 3,510 |
Goodwill | 536 |  |  | 536 |
Other noncurrent assets | 6,521 |  |  | 6,386 |
Total noncurrent assets | 7,057 |  |  | 6,922 |
Current liabilities due to non-guarantor subsidiaries | 6,757 |  |  | 5,258 |
Current liabilities due to affiliates | 4 |  |  | 5 |
Other current liabilities | 761 |  |  | 2,244 |
Total current liabilities | 7,522 |  |  | 7,507 |
Noncurrent liabilities due to non-guarantor subsidiaries | 3,320 |  |  | 3,371 |
Other noncurrent liabilities | 13,069 |  |  | 11,234 |
Total noncurrent liabilities | 16,389 |  |  | 14,605 |

Share Capital
As disclosed above, in November 2024, we announced our intent to reduce our quarterly dividend by approximately 95% beginning in the first quarter of 2025. On July 16, 2025, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.03 per share on our Common Stock amounting to $3 million. The cash dividend will be paid on August 11, 2025 to holders of record as of July 29, 2025.
There have been no material changes to our share capital described in our 2024 Form 10-K other than those disclosed above and in Note 10 - Shareholders' Equity in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
Contractual Obligations
We have not entered into any material off-balance sheet arrangements.
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Except as otherwise described in this report, there have been no material revisions outside the ordinary course of business to our contractual obligations as described in our 2024 Form 10-K.
Tax Return Audits
Our tax returns have been under joint audit for the years 2013 through 2015 by the United States, Netherlands and Germany (the "Authorities"). The Company and the Authorities were unable to reach an agreement jointly and therefore the audits continued on a separate jurisdictional basis. In the fourth quarter of 2022, we concluded settlement discussions with the Dutch tax authority. In the third quarter of 2024, we concluded settlement discussions with the German tax authority related to the German transfer pricing audit. In addition, our income tax returns in Mexico are under audit for the years 2018 through 2020, in Canada for the years 2016 through 2022, in the United States for the years 2016 through 2020, and in Germany for the years after 2012. In August 2023, we negotiated a partial settlement with the Mexico tax authorities for its audit for the year 2018. The partial settlement did not have a material impact on income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023. We are in discussions with the Mexican tax authorities regarding the preliminary findings in the 2019 audit. In September 2023, the Canadian tax authorities opened tax audits for the years 2019 through 2022, and the audits are in the preliminary stages. The audit in the United States for the years 2016 through 2020 is in the data gathering phase. In the first quarter of 2025, we began settlement discussions with the German tax authorities on certain matters related to the German audit for the years after 2007, and in the second quarter of 2025, we concluded settlement discussions with the German tax authorities for the years 2008 through 2012. The associated tax effects from the settlement discussions are included in income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. The Company will record the impacts of any additional audit settlements as they are concluded but currently does not expect a material impact to the consolidated statements of operations.
As of June 30, 2025, we believe that an adequate provision for income taxes has been made for all open tax years related to the examinations by governmental authorities. However, the outcome of tax audits cannot be predicted with certainty. If any issues raised by the government authorities are resolved in a manner inconsistent with our expectations or we are unsuccessful in defending our positions, we could be required to adjust our provision for income taxes in the period such resolution occurs. If required, any such adjustments could be material to the statements of operations and cash flows in the period(s) recorded. See Note 11 - Income Taxes in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information.
Business Environment
During the three months ended June 30, 2025, we continued to experience demand challenges in key end-markets like automotive, paints, coatings, and construction due to the tepid global macroeconomic conditions and muted lift in seasonal demand. Automotive demand in Europe stabilized but at lower levels compared to last year. We anticipate demand conditions to remain sluggish in the third quarter of 2025. We will continue to closely monitor the impact of, and response to, tariffs and other geopolitical effects on demand conditions. We remain committed to identifying and implementing actions to improve long-term growth and value creation.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements are based on the selection and application of significant accounting policies. The preparation of unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of Net sales, expenses and allocated charges during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. However, we are not currently aware of any reasonably likely events or circumstances that would result in materially different results.
We describe our significant accounting policies in Note 2 - Summary of Accounting Policies, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2024 Form 10-K. We discuss our critical accounting policies and estimates in MD&A in our 2024 Form 10-K.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 - Recent Accounting Pronouncements in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report for information regarding recent accounting pronouncements.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market risk for the Company has not changed materially from the foreign exchange, interest rate and commodity risks disclosed in Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk in our 2024 Form 10-K. See also Note 12 - Derivative Financial Instruments in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our market risk management and the related impact on the Company's financial position and results of operations.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, as of June 30, 2025, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the period covered by this report, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The Company is involved in legal and regulatory proceedings, lawsuits, claims and investigations incidental to the normal conduct of its business, relating to such matters as product liability, land disputes, insurance coverage disputes, contracts, employment, antitrust and competition, intellectual property, personal injury, toxic tort, public nuisance and other actions in tort, workers' compensation, chemical exposure, asbestos exposure, taxes, trade compliance, acquisitions and divestitures, claims of current and legacy shareholders, past waste disposal practices and release of chemicals into the environment. The Company is actively defending those matters where it is named as a defendant. Due to the inherent subjectivity of assessments and unpredictability of outcomes of legal proceedings, the Company's litigation accruals and estimates of possible loss or range of possible loss may not represent the ultimate loss to the Company from legal proceedings. See Note 9 - Environmental and Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for a discussion of material environmental matters and material commitments and contingencies related to legal and regulatory proceedings. There have been no significant developments in the "Legal Proceedings" described in our 2024 Form 10-K other than those disclosed in Note 9 - Environmental and Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements. See Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 2024 Form 10-K for certain risk factors relating to these legal proceedings.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the information in this Quarterly Report, readers should carefully consider the information in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 2024 Form 10-K.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
We did not repurchase any Common Stock during the three months ended June 30, 2025. As of June 30, 2025, our Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of $6.9 billion of our Common Stock since February 2008, with approximately $1.1 billion value of shares remaining that may be purchased under the program. See Note 10 - Shareholders' Equity in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
Item 5. Other Information
On May 15, 2025, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a Certificate of Elimination eliminating all provisions relating to a previously redeemed class of the Company's Preferred stock, of which no shares were outstanding.
(c) Trading Plans
During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, no director or Section 16 officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading plans or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements" as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.
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Item 6. Exhibits(1)

Exhibit Number |  |
| Description
3.1 |  | Certificate of Amendment of Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, effective May 15, 20 25 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 1 6, 2025).
3.2 |  | Certificate of Elimination of 4.25% Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock of Celanese Corporation, effective May 15, 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2025).
3.3 |  | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Celanese Corporation, effective May 1 5, 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 1 6, 2025).
3.4 |  | Amended and Restated By-laws of Celanese Corporation, effective May 15, 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 1 6, 2025).
10.1*‡ |  | Form of 2025 Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (for non-employee directors).
22.1* |  | List of Guarantor Subsidiaries.
31.1* |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2* |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1* |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2* |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS* |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 |  | The cover page from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 has been formatted in Inline XBRL.

* Filed herewith.
‡ Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
(1)The Company and its subsidiaries have in the past issued, and may in the future issue from time to time, long-term debt. The Company may not file with the applicable report copies of the instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt to the extent that the aggregate principal amount of the debt instruments of any one series of such debt instruments for which the instruments have not been filed has not exceeded or will not exceed 10% of the assets of the Company at any pertinent time. The Company hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any such instrument(s) to the SEC upon request.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| CELANESE CORPORATION
|  | By: | /s/ SCOTT A. RICHARDSON
|  |  | Scott A. Richardson
|  |  | President, Chief Executive Officer
|  |  | and Director
|  |  | Date: | August 11, 2025

|  | By: | /s/ CHUCK B. KYRISH
|  |  | Chuck B. Kyrish
|  |  | Senior Vice President and
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer
|  |  | Date: | August 11, 2025

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