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SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2014
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract] |
Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block] | NOTE 15. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Reverse Acquisition and Private Placement On April 27, 2010, we completed the acquisition of City Zone by means of a Share Exchange with (i) City Zone, (ii) the City Zone Shareholders and (iii) our principal shareholders (see NOTE 1). Pursuant to the terms of the Share Exchange, Expert Venture and the other City Zone Shareholders transferred to us all of the shares of City Zone in exchange for the issuance of 8,736,932 shares of our common stock so that Expert Venture and the other minority shareholders of City Zone shall own at least a majority of our outstanding shares. Our directors approved the Share Exchange and the transactions contemplated thereby. The directors of City Zone also approved the Share Exchange and the transactions contemplated thereby. As a result of the Share Exchange, we acquired 100% of the equity interests of City Zone, the business and operations of which now constitute our primary business and operations through its wholly-owned PRC subsidiaries. Specifically, as a result of the Share Exchange:
| · | We issued 8,736,932 shares of our common stock to the City Zone Shareholders;
| · | The ownership position of our shareholders who were holders of common stock immediately prior to the Share Exchange changed from 100% to 9.5% (fully diluted) of our outstanding shares; and
| · | City Zone Shareholders were issued our common stock constituting approximately 65.71% of our fully diluted outstanding shares.
Immediately after the Share Exchange, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investors (the “Investors”) for the issuance and sale in a private placement of 1,866,174 Units at $4.40 per Unit, with each Unit consisting of one share of Series A convertible preferred stock, par value $ 0.001 per share (the “Investor Shares”) and a warrant to purchase 0.4 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $ 5.06 per share (the “Warrants”). We initially received gross proceeds from the sale of the 1,866,174 Investor Shares and Warrants to purchase up to 746,479 shares of our common stock of $8,211,166 (the “Private Placement”). In connection with the Private Placement, we also entered into a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) with the Investors, in which we agreed to file a registration statement (the “Registration Statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) to register for resale the Investor Shares, within 60 calendar days of April 27, 2010, and use our best efforts to have the Registration Statement declared effective within 180 calendar days of April 27, 2010. On October 21, 2010, the SEC declared the Registration Statement effective and no liquidated damages were incurred. In connection with the Private Placement, Maxim Group, LLC acted as our financial advisor and placement agent (the “Placement Agent” or “Maxim”). The Placement Agent received a cash fee equal to 7% of the gross proceeds of the Private Placement. Maxim also received warrants to purchase 171,911 shares of our common stock at a price per share of $4.84 (the “Placement Agent Warrants”). Pursuant to the original placement agreement entered into by and between Detian Yu and the Placement Agent on January 27, 2010 (the “Original Placement Agreement”), we engaged the Placement Agent to act as the exclusive agent to sell the Units in this offering on a “commercially reasonable efforts basis.” The Placement Agent also received a cash corporate finance fee equally to 1% of our gross proceeds raised in the offering, payable at the time of each closing; five (5) year warrants to purchase that number of shares of Series A convertible preferred stock equal to 5% of the aggregate number of shares of Series A convertible preferred stock underlying the Units issued pursuant to the offering; and a non-refundable cash retainer of $25,000 payable upon the execution of the retainer agreement. We also agreed to pay for all of the reasonable expenses the Placement Agent incurred in connection with the offering. On May 10, 2010, we closed on the second and final round of the private placement offering for the issuance and sale of 589,689 Units, consisting of 589,689 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock and 235,883 five-year Series A Warrants with an exercise price of $ 5.06 per share, to certain Investors for total gross proceeds of $2,594,607. We raised an aggregate amount of $10,805,750 in the offering in two closing events. As of the final closing, we had 9,999,999 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. In connection with the offering, we issued a total of 2,455,863 shares of Series A convertible preferred shares and 982,362 Series A Warrants to the investors. Additionally, the Placement Agent received 171,911 warrants. Common Stock As of the final closing of the Private Placement, we had 9,999,999 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Between the final closing of the Private Placement and September 30, 2014, an aggregate of 964,329 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock were converted into 964,329 shares of common stock, and 80,000 common stocks were issued. As of September 30, 2014, the total number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding was 11,031,807 shares. Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Holders of Series A convertible preferred stock (“Series A Preferred”) are entitled to receive cumulative dividends in preference to the holders of our common stock at an annual rate of 5% of the applicable per Series A Preferred original purchase price (the “Dividend Preference” and the “Dividends”). If, after the Dividend Preference has been fully paid or declared and set apart, the Company shall make any additional distributions, then the holders of Series A Preferred shall participate with the holders of common stock on an as-converted basis with respect to such distributions. Dividends are payable in cash or shares of Series A Preferred, at the Company’s option. Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of Series A Preferred will be entitled to receive, out of the assets of the Company available for distribution to its shareholders, an amount equal to $4.40 per share (the “Liquidation Preference Amount”), before any payment shall be made or any assets distributed to the holders of the common stock (the “Liquidation Preference”). Each holder of Series A Preferred will have the right, at the option of the holder at any time on or after the issuance of the Series A Preferred, without the payment of additional consideration, to convert the Series A Preferred into a number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of common stock equal to: (i) the Liquidation Preference Amount of such share divided by (ii) the Conversion Price in effect as of the date of the conversion in accordance with the Certificate of Designations of the Series A Preferred. For a period of two (2) years following the issuance of the Series A Preferred, the conversion price of Series A Preferred was subject to adjustment for issuances of common stock (or securities convertible or exchangeable into shares of common stock) at a purchase price less than the conversion price of the Series A Preferred. The Series A Preferred does not contain any repurchase or redemption rights. Current accounting standards require that we evaluate the terms and conditions of convertible preferred stock to determine (i) if the nature of the hybrid financial instrument, based upon its economic risks, is more akin to an equity contract or a debt contract for purposes of establishing classification of the embedded conversion feature and (ii) the classification of the host or hybrid financial instrument. Based upon a review of the terms and conditions of the Series A Preferred, the Company has concluded that the financial instrument is more akin to an equity financial instrument. The major consideration underlying this conclusion is that the Series A Preferred is a perpetual financial instrument with no stated maturity or redemption date, or other redemption that is not within the Company’s control. Other considerations in support of the equity conclusion included the voting rights and conversion feature into common shares. While the cumulative dividend feature may, in some instances, be likened to a debt-type coupon, the absence of a stated maturity date was determined to establish the cumulative dividend as a residual return, which does not obviate the equity nature of the financial instrument. Further, there are no cash redemption features that are not within the control of our management. As a result, classification in shareholders’ equity is appropriate for the Series A Preferred. As of September 30, 2014, an aggregate of 964,329 shares of Series A Preferred were converted into 964,329 shares of common stock and an aggregate of 403,458 shares of Series A Preferred were issued as dividends to the shareholders of Series A Preferred. As of September 30, 2014, the total number of shares of Series A Preferred issued and outstanding was 1,907,513 shares. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded $312,096 and $356, 114 in preferred dividend expenses, respectively. Series A Warrants We issued Series A Warrants to the Investors and the Placement Agent having strike prices of $5.06 and $4.84, respectively, and they expire five (5) years from the original date of issuance. The strike prices are subject to adjustment only for changes in our capital structure, but allow for cashless exercise under a formula that limits the aggregate issuable common shares. There are no redemption features embodied in the warrants and they have met the conditions provided in current accounting standards for equity classification. There were 982,362 Series A Warrants sold together with the Series A Preferred to the Investors, each of which:
| (a) | entitles the holder to purchase one (1) share of common stock;
| (b) | are exercisable at any time after consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement and shall expire on the date that is five years following the original issuance date of the Series A Warrants;
| (c) | are exercisable, in whole or in part, at an exercise price of $5.06 per share of common stock; and
| (d) | are exercisable only for cash (except that there will be a cashless exercise option if, after twelve months from the Issue Date, (i) the Per Share Market Value of one share of common stock is greater than the Warrant Price (at the date of calculation) and (ii) a registration statement under the Securities Act providing for the resale of the common stock issuable upon exercise of Warrant Shares is not in effect, in lieu of exercising the Series A Warrant by payment of cash).
Aggregate gross proceeds from the two (2) closing events amounted to $10,805,750. Direct financing costs totaled $1,742,993, of which $1,555,627 was paid in cash and the balance of $187,366 represents the fair value of warrants linked to 171,911 shares of our common stock that were issued to Maxim. The proceeds and the related direct financing costs were allocated to the Series A Preferred and the Series A Warrants (classified in paid-in capital) based upon their relative fair values. The following table summarizes the components of the allocation:
|  | Paid-in |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Series A |  | Capital |  |  |  |
|  | Preferred |  | Warrants |  | Total |
Fair values of financial instruments |  | $ | 10,248,092 |  | $ | 1,039,978 |  | $ | 11,288,070 |
Gross proceeds |  | $ | 9,810,227 |  | $ | 995,523 |  | $ | 10,805,750 |
Direct financing costs |  |  | (1,581,550) |  |  | (161,443) |  |  | (1,742,993) |
Fair value of placement agent warrants |  |  | - |  |  | 187,366 |  |  | 187,366 |
|  | $ | 8,228,677 |  | $ | 1,021,446 |  | $ | 9,250,123 |
Fair value considerations: Our accounting for the sale of Series A Preferred and Series A Warrants, and the issuance of the Series A Warrants to Maxim required the estimation of fair values of the financial instruments on the financing inception date. The development of fair values of financial instruments requires the selection of appropriate methodologies and the estimation of often subjective assumptions. We selected the valuation techniques based upon consideration of the types of assumptions that market participants would likely consider in exchanging the financial instruments in market transactions. The Series A Preferred was valued based upon a common stock equivalent method, enhanced by the cumulative dividend feature. The dividend feature was valued as the estimated cash flows of the dividends discounted to present value using an estimated weighted average cost of capital. The warrants were valued using a Black-Scholes-Merton Valuation Technique because it embodies all of the requisite assumptions (including trading volatility, estimated terms and risk free rates) necessary to fair value these instruments. These fair values were necessary to develop relative fair value calculation for allocations of certain elements of the financing arrangement, principally proceeds and the related direct financing costs. The following tables reflect assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Series A Preferred:
|  |  |  | Series A |  | Series A |
|  | Fair Value |  | Preferred |  | Preferred |
|  | Hierarchy |  | April 27, |  | May 10, |
|  | Level |  | 2010 |  | 2010 |
Indexed common shares |  |  |  |  |  | 1,866,174 |  |  | 589,689 |
Components of fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock equivalent value |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,631,403 |  | $ | 2,083,094 |
Dividend feature |  |  |  |  |  | 659,821 |  |  | 209,439 |
|  |  |  |  | $ | 7,291,224 |  | $ | 2,292,533 |
Significant assumptions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock price |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3.55 |  |  | 3.53 |
Horizon for dividend cash flow projection |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2.00 |  |  | 2.00 |
Weighted average cost of capital ("WACC") |  |  | 3 |  |  | 15.91 | % |  | 15.55 | %
Fair value hierarchy of the above assumptions can be categorized as follows:
| (1) | Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, or derived there from. There were no level 1 inputs.
| (2) | Level 2 inputs are significant other observable inputs. There were no level 2 inputs.
| (3) | Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs. Inputs for which any parts are level 3 inputs are classified as level 3 in their entirety.
| · | Stock price- Given that management did not believe our trading market price was indicative of the fair value of our common stock at the measurement date, the common stock price value was derived implicitly from an iterative process based upon the assumption that the consideration of the Private Placement was the result of an arm’s length transaction. The Private Placement was composed of shares of Series A Preferred and Series A Warrants which were both indexed to our common stock; accordingly, we used an iterative process to determine the value of our common stock in order for the fair value of the Series A Preferred and Series A Warrants to equal the amount of consideration received in the Private Placement.
| · | Dividend horizon- We estimated the horizon for dividend payment at 2 years.
| · | WACC- The rates utilized to discount the cumulative dividend cash flows to their present values were based on a weighted average cost of capital of 18.94 % and 18.60 %, as of April 27, 2010 and May 10, 2010, respectively. This discount rate was determined after consideration of the rate of return on debt capital and equity that typical investors would require in an investment in companies similar in size and operating in similar markets as Deyu Agriculture Corp. The cost of equity was determined using a build-up method which begins with a risk free rate and adds expected risk premiums designed to reflect the additional risk of the investment. Additional premiums or discounts related specifically to us and the industry are also added or subtracted to arrive at the final cost of equity rate. The cost of debt was determined based upon available financing terms.
| · | Significant inputs and assumptions underlying the model calculations related to the warrant valuations are as follows:
The following tables reflect assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Series A Warrants:
|  | Fair Value |  | April 27, 2010 |  | May 10, 2010 |
|  | Hierarchy |  | Investor |  |  | Agent | Investor |  | Agent |
|  | Level |  | warrants |  |  | warrants | warrants |  | Warrants |
Indexed shares |  |  |  |  |  | 746,479 |  |  | 130,632 |  |  | 235,883 |  |  | 41,279 |
Exercise price |  |  |  |  |  | 5.06 |  |  | 4.84 |  |  | 5.06 |  |  | 4.84 |
Significant assumptions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock price |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3.55 |  |  | 3.55 |  |  | 3.53 |  |  | 3.53 |
Remaining term |  |  | 3 |  |  | 5 years |  |  | 5 years |  |  | 5 years |  |  | 5 years |
Risk free rate |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2.39 | % |  | 2.39 | % |  | 2.24 | % |  | 2.24 | %
Expected volatility |  |  | 2 |  |  | 45.25 | % |  | 45.25 | % |  | 45.47 | % |  | 45.47 | %
Fair value hierarchy of the above assumptions can be categorized as follows:
| (1) | There were no Level 1 inputs.
| (2) | Level 2 inputs include:
| • | Risk-free rate- This rate is based on publicly-available yields on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury securities with remaining terms to maturity consistent with the remaining contractual term of the Series A Warrants.
| • | Expected volatility- We did not have a historical trading history sufficient to develop an internal volatility rate for use in the model. As a result, we have used a peer approach wherein the historical trading volatilities of certain companies with similar characteristics as ours and who had a sufficient trading history were used as an estimate of our volatility. In developing this model, no one company was weighted more heavily than another.
| (3) | Level 3 inputs include:
| • | Stock price- Given that management did not believe our trading market price was indicative of the fair value of our common stock at the measurement date, the stock price was determined implicitly from an iterative process based upon the assumption that the consideration of the Private Placement was the result of an arm’s length transaction.
| • | Remaining term- We do not have a history to develop the expected term for our warrants. Accordingly, we have used the contractual remaining term in our calculations.
The following is a summary of the status and activity of warrants outstanding As of September 30, 2014:
Outstanding Warrants |
Exercise Price |  | Number of Warrants |  | Average Remaining Contractual Life |
$ | 5.06 |  | 982,362 |  | 0.57 years |
$ | 4.84 |  | 171,911 |  | 0.57 years |
| Total |  | 1,154,273 |  |  |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(d),(e)) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=26873400&loc=d3e23780-122690 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 4 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 4.C) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=27012166&loc=d3e187143-122770 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 210 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-31) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6877327&loc=d3e13212-122682 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 4.E) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=27010918&loc=d3e74512-122707 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) -Number Topic 4 -Section C Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) -Number Topic 4 -Section E Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Regulation S-X (SX) -Number 210 -Section 08 -Article 4 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21506-112644 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Glossary Preferred Stock -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6521494 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Regulation S-X (SX) -Number 210 -Section 02 -Paragraph 29, 30, 31 -Article 5 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Regulation S-X (SX) -Number 210 -Section 04 -Article 3 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21463-112644 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=27012166&loc=d3e187085-122770 Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21475-112644 Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 11 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21564-112644 Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21488-112644 Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6928386&loc=d3e21484-112644 Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Regulation S-X (SX) -Number 210 -Section 08 -Paragraph d -Article 4 Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6405834&loc=d3e23285-112656 + Details
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