Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are summarized below.

	2020			2019
Net operating loss carryforward	$	(407,176	)	$	(373,451	)
Other		—			—
Total deferred tax assets		(407,176	)		(373,451	)
Valuation allowance		407,176			373,451
Net deferred tax asset	$	—		$	—

In assessing the potential realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the Company attaining future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, management was unable to determine if it is more likely than not that the Company’s deferred tax assets will be realized, and has therefore recorded an appropriate valuation allowance against deferred tax assets at such dates.

No federal tax provision has been provided for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 due to the losses incurred during such periods. Reconciled below is the difference between the income tax rate computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory rate and the effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

	2020			2019
U.S federal statutory income tax		-21.00	%		-21.00	%
State tax, net of federal tax benefit		-5.80	%		-5.80	%
Stock based compensation		0.00	%		0.00	%
Change in valuation allowance		26.80	%		26.80	%
Effective tax rate		0.00	%		0.00	%

At December 31, 2020, the Company has available net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state income tax purposes of approximately $1.9 million, which, if not utilized earlier, expire through 2039.

The U.S. tax reform bill that Congress voted to approve December 20, 2017, also known as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”, made sweeping modifications to the Internal Revenue Code, including a much lower corporate tax rate, changes to credits and deductions, and a move to a territorial system for corporations that have overseas earnings. The act replaced the prior-law graduated corporate tax rate, which taxed income over $10 million at 35%, with a flat rate of 21%.

The Tax Reform Act of 1986 limits the annual utilization of net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards, following an ownership change of the Company. Note that as a result of the Company's equity financings in recent years, the Company underwent changes in ownership for purposes of the Tax Reform Act. Pursuant to Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code, annual use of any of the Company's net operating loss carry forwards may be limited if cumulative changes in ownership of more than 50% occur during any three-year period.