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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number: 1-6311

Tidewater Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 72-0487776
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

842 West Sam Houston Parkway North, Suite 400

Houston, Texas 77024

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

(713) 470-5300

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share | TDW | New York Stock Exchange
Series A Warrants to purchase shares of common stock | TDW.WS.A | New York Stock Exchange
Series B Warrants to purchase shares of common stock | TDW.WS.B | New York Stock Exchange
Warrants to purchase shares of common stock | TDW.WS | NYSE American

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ |  |  | Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐ Emerging Growth Company ☐ |  |  | Smaller reporting company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ☒ No ☐

41,814,502 shares of Tidewater Inc. common stock $0.001 par value per share were outstanding on April 30, 2022.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

TIDEWATER INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(In Thousands, except share and par value data)

| March 31, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 136,234 |  |  | $ | 149,037 |
Restricted cash |  | 4,958 |  |  |  | 1,240 |
Trade and other receivables, less allowance for credit losses of $1,987 and $1,948 at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively |  | 112,953 |  |  |  | 86,503 |
Due from affiliates, less allowance for credit losses of $12,812 and $72,456 at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively |  | 21,191 |  |  |  | 70,134 |
Marine operating supplies |  | 13,252 |  |  |  | 12,606 |
Assets held for sale |  | 8,591 |  |  |  | 14,421 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 12,012 |  |  |  | 8,731 |
Total current assets |  | 309,191 |  |  |  | 342,672 |
Net properties and equipment |  | 677,580 |  |  |  | 688,040 |
Deferred drydocking and survey costs |  | 44,362 |  |  |  | 40,734 |
Other assets |  | 22,997 |  |  |  | 24,334 |
Total assets | $ | 1,054,130 |  |  | $ | 1,095,780 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 23,696 |  |  | $ | 20,788 |
Accrued expenses |  | 55,141 |  |  |  | 51,734 |
Due to affiliates |  | 21,191 |  |  |  | 61,555 |
Other current liabilities |  | 25,471 |  |  |  | 23,865 |
Total current liabilities |  | 125,499 |  |  |  | 157,942 |
Long-term debt |  | 167,997 |  |  |  | 167,885 |
Other liabilities |  | 70,892 |  |  |  | 68,184 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock of $0.001 par value, 125,000,000 shares authorized, 41,716,885 and 41,307,617 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively |  | 42 |  |  |  | 41 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 1,376,934 |  |  |  | 1,376,494 |
Accumulated deficit |  | (690,068 | ) |  |  | (677,900 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | 2,471 |  |  |  | 2,668 |
Total stockholders’ equity |  | 689,379 |  |  |  | 701,303 |
Noncontrolling interests |  | 363 |  |  |  | 466 |
Total equity |  | 689,742 |  |  |  | 701,769 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 1,054,130 |  |  | $ | 1,095,780 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2

TIDEWATER INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

(In Thousands, except per share data)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vessel revenues |  | $ | 103,876 |  |  | $ | 80,993 |
Other operating revenues |  |  | 1,853 |  |  |  | 2,511 |
Total revenue |  |  | 105,729 |  |  |  | 83,504 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vessel operating costs |  |  | 68,511 |  |  |  | 61,020 |
Costs of other operating revenues |  |  | 361 |  |  |  | 1,067 |
General and administrative |  |  | 18,217 |  |  |  | 16,043 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 26,657 |  |  |  | 29,727 |
Long-lived asset impairment credit |  |  | (500 | ) |  |  | — |
(Gain) loss on asset dispositions, net |  |  | (207 | ) |  |  | 1,948 |
Total costs and expenses |  |  | 113,039 |  |  |  | 109,805 |
Operating loss |  |  | (7,310 | ) |  |  | (26,301 | )
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange gain (loss) |  |  | 946 |  |  |  | (850 | )
Equity in net losses of unconsolidated companies |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,849 | )
Interest income and other, net |  |  | 3,486 |  |  |  | 23 |
Interest and other debt costs, net |  |  | (4,175 | ) |  |  | (4,541 | )
Total other income (expense) |  |  | 257 |  |  |  | (7,217 | )
Loss before income taxes |  |  | (7,053 | ) |  |  | (33,518 | )
Income tax expense |  |  | 5,218 |  |  |  | 2,009 |
Net loss |  | $ | (12,271 | ) |  | $ | (35,527 | )
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (103 | ) |  |  | (212 | )
Net loss attributable to Tidewater Inc. |  | $ | (12,168 | ) |  | $ | (35,315 | )
Basic loss per common share |  | $ | (0.29 | ) |  | $ | (0.87 | )
Diluted loss per common share |  | $ | (0.29 | ) |  | $ | (0.87 | )
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  | 41,412 |  |  |  | 40,716 |
Adjusted weighted average common shares |  |  | 41,412 |  |  |  | 40,716 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

TIDEWATER INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited)

(In Thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
Net loss |  | $ | (12,271 | ) |  | $ | (35,527 | )
Other comprehensive loss: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in liability of pension plans |  |  | (197 | ) |  |  | (71 | )
Total comprehensive loss |  | $ | (12,468 | ) |  | $ | (35,598 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

TIDEWATER INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(In Thousands)

|  | Three Months |  |  | Three Months |
|  | Ended |  |  | Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
Operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (12,271 | ) |  | $ | (35,527 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 17,673 |  |  |  | 18,470 |
Amortization of deferred drydocking and survey costs |  |  | 8,984 |  |  |  | 11,257 |
Amortization of debt premium and discounts |  |  | 375 |  |  |  | 1,108 |
Provision for deferred income taxes |  |  | 177 |  |  |  | 30 |
(Gain) loss on asset dispositions, net |  |  | (207 | ) |  |  | 1,948 |
Gain on bargain purchase |  |  | (1,300 | ) |  |  | — |
Loss on debt extinguishment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 59 |
Long-lived asset impairment credit |  |  | (500 | ) |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 1,458 |  |  |  | 1,172 |
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of business acquisition: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade and other receivables |  |  | (15,570 | ) |  |  | 12,758 |
Changes in due to/from affiliates, net |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | 2,738 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 2,825 |  |  |  | (2,359 | )
Accrued expenses |  |  | 3,207 |  |  |  | (4,270 | )
Deferred drydocking and survey costs |  |  | (12,612 | ) |  |  | (2,722 | )
Other, net |  |  | (3,843 | ) |  |  | 1,054 |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  |  | (11,624 | ) |  |  | 5,716 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from asset dispositions |  |  | 4,628 |  |  |  | 10,983 |
Acquisition of joint venture, net of cash acquired |  |  | (1,039 | ) |  |  | — |
Additions to properties and equipment |  |  | (1,229 | ) |  |  | (1,196 | )
Net cash provided by investing activities |  |  | 2,360 |  |  |  | 9,787 |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Principal payments on long-term debt |  |  | — |  |  |  | (26,414 | )
Debt issuance and modification costs |  |  | (263 | ) |  |  | (725 | )
Debt extinguishment premium |  |  | — |  |  |  | (59 | )
Tax on share-based awards |  |  | (1,017 | ) |  |  | (135 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (1,280 | ) |  |  | (27,333 | )
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | (10,544 | ) |  |  | (11,830 | )
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period |  |  | 154,276 |  |  |  | 155,225 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period |  | $ | 143,732 |  |  | $ | 143,395 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest, net of amounts capitalized |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,746 |
Income taxes |  | $ | 3,200 |  |  | $ | 2,535 |

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at March 31, 2022 includes $2.5 million in long-term restricted cash, which is included in other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

TIDEWATER INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(In Thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  |  | other |  |  | Non |  |  |  |  |
|  | Common |  |  | paid-in |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | comprehensive |  |  | controlling |  |  |  |  |
|  | stock |  |  | capital |  |  | deficit |  |  | income (loss) |  |  | interest |  |  | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 1,376,494 |  |  | $ | (677,900 | ) |  | $ | 2,668 |  |  | $ | 466 |  |  | $ | 701,769 |
Total comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (12,168 | ) |  |  | (197 | ) |  |  | (103 | ) |  |  | (12,468 | )
Issuance of common stock |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Amortization of share-based awards |  |  | — |  |  |  | 441 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 441 |
Balance at March 31, 2022 |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 1,376,934 |  |  | $ | (690,068 | ) |  | $ | 2,471 |  |  | $ | 363 |  |  | $ | 689,742 |
Balance at December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 1,371,809 |  |  | $ | (548,931 | ) |  | $ | (804 | ) |  | $ | 1,157 |  |  | $ | 823,272 |
Total comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (35,315 | ) |  |  | (71 | ) |  |  | (212 | ) |  |  | (35,598 | )
Amortization of share-based awards |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,037 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,037 |
Balance at March 31, 2021 |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 1,372,846 |  |  | $ | (584,246 | ) |  | $ | (875 | ) |  | $ | 945 |  |  | $ | 788,711 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

(1) | INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the interim periods presented herein have been prepared in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements at the dates and for the periods indicated as required by Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for the respective full years. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on March 9, 2022.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Tidewater Inc. and its subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. We use the equity method to account for equity investments over which we exercise significant influence but do not exercise control and are not the primary beneficiary. Unless otherwise specified, all per share information included in this document is on a diluted earnings per share basis.

(2) | RECENTLY ISSUED OR ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In November 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2021-10, Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance, which requires disclosures about the types of government assistance that we received, our accounting for the governmental assistance and its effect on our financial statements. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted, and the disclosures can be applied either prospectively at the date of initial application or retrospectively. We will adopt this standard in the annual period ending December 31, 2022, and we are currently evaluating the effects on our disclosures.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which amends Topic 805, Business Combinations to require an acquirer to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2022 with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the effect of the standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In July 2021, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2021-05, Lessors – Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments, which amends Topic 842, Accounting for Leases, to require a lessor to classify a lease with entirely or partially variable payments that do not depend on an index or rate as an operating lease if another classification (i.e. sales-type or direct financing) would trigger a Day 1 loss. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2022 and it did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU-2021-04, Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options, which clarify and reduce diversity in an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2022 and it did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

7

(3) | ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Expected credit losses are recognized on the initial recognition of our trade accounts receivable and contract assets. In each subsequent reporting period, even if a loss has not yet been incurred, credit losses are recognized based on the history of credit losses and current conditions, as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts affecting collectability. We developed an expected credit loss model applicable to our trade accounts receivable and contract assets that considers our historical performance and the economic environment, as well as the credit risk and its expected development for each segmented group of customers that share similar risk characteristics. It is our practice to write off receivables when all legal options for collection have been exhausted.

Activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 is as follows:

|  | Trade |  |  | Due |
(In Thousands) |  | and Other |  |  | from |
|  | Receivables |  |  | Affiliates |
Balance at January 1, 2022 |  | $ | 1,948 |  |  | $ | 72,456 |
Current period provision for expected credit losses |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | — |
Acquisition of Sonatide joint venture (see Note 7) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (59,678 | )
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 34 |
Balance at March 31, 2022 |  | $ | 1,987 |  |  | $ | 12,812 |

(4) | REVENUE RECOGNITION

Refer to Note (13) for the amount of revenue by segment and in total for the worldwide fleet.

Contract Balances

At March 31, 2022, we had $1.5 million and $3.0 million of deferred mobilization costs included within prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets, respectively.

At March 31, 2022, we have $1.0 million of deferred mobilization revenue, included within accrued expenses, related to unsatisfied performance obligations which will be recognized during the remainder of 2022 and 2023.

8

(5) | STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND DILUTIVE EQUITY INSTRUMENTS

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI) by component, net of tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

(In Thousands) |  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
Balance at December 31, 2021 and 2020 |  | $ | 2,668 |  |  | $ | (804 | )
Pension benefits recognized in OCI |  |  | (197 | ) |  |  | (71 | )
Balance at March 31, 2022 and 2021 |  | $ | 2,471 |  |  | $ | (875 | )

Dilutive Equity Instruments

We had 2,631,247 and 3,171,497 incremental "in-the-money" warrants, restricted stock units and stock options at March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which are as follows:

Total shares outstanding including warrants, restricted stock units and stock options |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
Common shares outstanding |  |  | 41,716,885 |  |  |  | 40,731,777 |
New creditor warrants (strike price $0.001 per common share) |  |  | 465,398 |  |  |  | 657,203 |
GulfMark creditor warrants (strike price $0.01 per common share) |  |  | 429,812 |  |  |  | 815,575 |
Restricted stock units and stock options |  |  | 1,736,037 |  |  |  | 1,698,719 |
Total |  |  | 44,348,132 |  |  |  | 43,903,274 |

We also had “out-of-the-money” warrants outstanding exercisable for 5,923,399 shares of common stock at both March 31, 2022 and 2021. Included in these “out-of-the-money” warrants are Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants and GLF Equity Warrants which have exercise prices of $57.06, $62.28, and $100.00, respectively, and expire on various dates in 2023 and 2024. No warrants or restricted stock units, whether in the money or out of the money, are included in our loss per share calculations because the effect of such inclusion is antidilutive.

9

(6) | INCOME TAXES

We use a discrete effective tax rate method to calculate taxes for interim periods instead of applying the annual effective tax rate to an estimate of the full fiscal year due to the level of volatility and unpredictability of earnings in our industry, both overall and by jurisdiction.

Income tax expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, reflects tax liabilities in various jurisdictions that are either based on revenue (deemed profit regimes) or pre-tax profits.

The tax liabilities for uncertain tax positions are primarily attributable to permanent establishment issues related to foreign jurisdictions, subpart F income inclusions and withholding taxes on foreign services. Penalties and interest related to income tax liabilities are included in income tax expense. Income tax payable is included in other current liabilities.

As of December 31, 2021, our balance sheet reflected approximately $202.8 million of net deferred tax assets prior to a valuation allowance analysis, with a valuation allowance of $204.9 million. As of March 31, 2022, we had net deferred tax assets of approximately $205.7 million prior to a valuation allowance analysis of $208.0 million.

Management assesses all available positive and negative evidence to permit use of existing deferred tax assets.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was enacted on March 27, 2020 in the United States. The CARES Act includes several significant business tax provisions, that are available to us, that, among other things, would allow businesses to carry back net operating losses arising after 2017 to the five prior tax years. Considering the available carryback, in the second quarter of 2020, we recorded an account receivable tax benefit totaling $6.9 million related to the realization of net operating loss deferred tax assets on which a valuation allowance was previously recorded. We collected this receivable in the first quarter of 2021.

With limited exceptions, we are no longer subject to tax audits by U.S. federal, state, local or foreign taxing authorities for years prior to March 2015. We are subject to ongoing examinations by various foreign tax authorities and do not believe that the results of these examinations will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

10

(7) | AFFILIATES BALANCES

We maintained the following balances with our unconsolidated affiliates:

(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
Due from affiliates: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Angolan joint venture (Sonatide) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 49,011 |
Nigerian joint venture (DTDW) |  |  | 21,191 |  |  |  | 21,123 |
|  |  | 21,191 |  |  |  | 70,134 |
Due to affiliates: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sonatide |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 40,432 |
DTDW |  |  | 21,191 |  |  |  | 21,123 |
|  |  | 21,191 |  |  |  | 61,555 |
Net due from affiliates |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,579 |

Sonatide Acquisition

In January 2022, we acquired the 51% equity interest in the Sonatide joint venture (Sonatide) owned by our former joint venture partner, pursuant to a Sale and Purchase Agreement between Sonangol Holdings, LDA and us for $11.2 million in cash. This acquisition gives us complete control of our operations in Angola.

The acquisition date was January 3, 2022 (Merger Date). However, we used a convenience date of January 1, 2022 for the acquisition and have recorded activity from the beginning of the first quarter of 2022. Revenues and net loss of Sonatide from the Merger Date included in our consolidated statements of operations were $1.0 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, respectively.

The acquisition date fair value of the 49% equity interest in Sonatide held by us was zero and we did not recognize a significant gain or loss as a result of remeasuring to the fair value of our equity interest.

Assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the business combination have been recorded at their estimated fair values as of the Merger Date under the acquisition method of accounting. We have not finalized the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The fair value estimates below are subject to adjustment during the measurement period subsequent to the Merger Date. The estimated fair values of certain assets and liabilities including long-lived assets and contingencies require judgments and assumptions. Adjustments might be made to these estimates during the measurement period and those adjustments could be material.

The provisional amounts for assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on estimates of their fair values as of the Merger Date and were as follows:

(In Thousands) |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |
Current assets |  | $ | 12,894 |
Net properties and equipment and other assets |  |  | 2,908 |
Total assets |  |  | 15,802 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  | 283 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 2,996 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 3,279 |
Net assets acquired |  |  | 11,223 |
Bargain purchase gain |  | $ | 1,300 |

11

The bargain purchase gain of $1.3 million is included in our consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 under the caption “Interest income and other, net.” Business combination related costs were expensed as incurred in general and administrative expense and consisted of various advisory, legal, accounting, valuation and other professional fees which were not material to our consolidated results of operations for the year and three months ended December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

The unaudited supplemental pro forma results present consolidated information as if the business combination was completed on January 1, 2021. The pro forma results include, among others, (i) a reduction in depreciation expense for adjustments to property and equipment and (ii) a reduction in commission expense previously payable to the joint venture which has been eliminated. The pro forma results do not include any potential synergies or non-recurring charges that may result directly from the business combination. The pro forma revenues and net loss, assuming the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2021, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 were $375.4 million and $129.2 million, respectively.

Amounts due from DTDW

We own 40% of DTDW. Our partner, who owns 60%, is a Nigerian national. DTDW owns one offshore service vessel. We also, from time to time, operate company owned vessels in Nigeria for which our partner receives a commission. As of March 31, 2022, we had no company owned vessels operating in Nigeria and the DTDW owned vessel was not employed. As a result, the near-term cash flow projections indicate that DTDW does not have sufficient funds to meet its obligations to us or its vendors. Based on current situations, operations in Nigeria have been severely impacted and we have effectively ceased activity. We have created a fully reserved position in our consolidated balance sheet to account for our expected liabilities related to certain obligations of the joint venture.

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(8) | EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

U.S. Defined Benefit Pension Plan

We have a defined benefit pension plan (pension plan) that covers certain U.S. employees. The pension plan was frozen during 2010. We have not made contributions to the pension plan since 2019. Actuarial valuations are performed annually and an assessment of the future pension obligations and market value of the assets will determine if contributions are made in the future.

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan

We also support a non-contributory and non-qualified defined benefit supplemental executive retirement plan (supplemental plan) which was closed to new participants during 2010. We contributed $0.4 million during each of the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We expect to contribute $1.2 million to the supplemental plan during the remainder of 2022. Our obligations under the supplemental plan were $22.7 million for both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and are included in “accrued expenses” and “other liabilities” in the consolidated condensed balance sheet.

Net Periodic Benefit Costs

The net periodic benefit cost for our defined benefit pension plans and supplemental plan (referred to collectively as “Pension Benefits”) is comprised of the following components:

(In Thousands) |  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
Pension Benefits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest cost |  | $ | 578 |  |  | $ | 543 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (752 | ) |  |  | (543 | )
Amortization of net actuarial losses |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 36 |
Net periodic pension cost (benefit) |  | $ | (158 | ) |  | $ | 36 |

The components of the net periodic pension cost are included in the caption “Interest income and other, net.”

13

(9) | DEBT

The following is a summary of all debt outstanding:

(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
Senior secured bonds: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
8.50% Senior Secured Notes due November 2026 (A) (B) |  | $ | 175,000 |  |  | $ | 175,000 |
Debt discount and issuance costs |  |  | (7,003 | ) |  |  | (7,115 | )
Total long-term debt |  | $ | 167,997 |  |  | $ | 167,885 |

| (A) | As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 the fair value (Level 2) of the Senior Secured Notes was $184.3 million and $177.6 million, respectively.
| (B) | The $5.0 million restricted cash on the balance sheet at March 31, 2022, represents the prorata amount due for our next semiannual interest payment obligation.

We also have a Super Senior Revolving Credit Facility Agreement maturing on November 16, 2026 that provides $25.0 million for general working capital purposes. No amounts have been drawn on this credit facility.

(10) | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Currency Devaluation and Fluctuation Risk

Due to our international operations, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations against the U.S. dollar. For some of our international contracts, a portion of the revenue and local expenses are incurred in local currencies with the result that we are at risk for changes in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. We generally do not hedge against any foreign currency rate fluctuations associated with foreign currency contracts that arise in the normal course of business, which exposes us to the risk of exchange rate losses. To minimize the financial impact of these items, we attempt to contract a significant majority of our services in U.S. dollars. In addition, we attempt to minimize the financial impact of these risks by matching the currency of our operating costs with the currency of our revenue streams when considered appropriate. We continually monitor the currency exchange risks associated with all contracts not denominated in U.S. dollars.

Legal Proceedings

Various legal proceedings and claims are outstanding which arose in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the amount of ultimate liability, if any, with respect to these actions, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

(11) | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Other Financial Instruments

Our primary financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade receivables and trade payables with book values that are considered to be representative of their respective fair values. The carrying value for cash equivalents is considered to be representative of its fair value due to the short duration and conservative nature of the cash equivalent investment portfolio. In addition, we disclose the fair value of our long-term debt in Note 9 and the fair value of our assets held for sale in Note 14.

14

(12) | PROPERTIES AND EQUIPMENT, ACCRUED EXPENSES, OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES AND OTHER LIABILITIES

As of March 31, 2022, our property and equipment consist primarily of 138 active vessels, which excludes the 12 vessels we have classified as held for sale, located around the world. As of December 31, 2021, our property and equipment consisted primarily of 135 active vessels, which excluded 18 vessels classified as held for sale.

A summary of properties and equipment is as follows:

(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
Properties and equipment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vessels and related equipment |  | $ | 901,644 |  |  | $ | 898,649 |
Other properties and equipment |  |  | 23,574 |  |  |  | 19,625 |
|  |  | 925,218 |  |  |  | 918,274 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization |  |  | 247,638 |  |  |  | 230,234 |
Properties and equipment, net |  | $ | 677,580 |  |  | $ | 688,040 |

A summary of accrued expenses is as follows:

(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
Payroll and related payables |  | $ | 16,121 |  |  | $ | 18,627 |
Accrued vessel expenses |  |  | 20,000 |  |  |  | 19,662 |
Accrued interest expense |  |  | 5,578 |  |  |  | 1,859 |
Other accrued expenses |  |  | 13,442 |  |  |  | 11,586 |
|  | $ | 55,141 |  |  | $ | 51,734 |

A summary of other current liabilities is as follows:

(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
Taxes payable |  | $ | 21,352 |  |  | $ | 18,977 |
Other |  |  | 4,119 |  |  |  | 4,888 |
|  | $ | 25,471 |  |  | $ | 23,865 |

A summary of other liabilities is as follows:

(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
Pension liabilities |  | $ | 26,523 |  |  | $ | 26,872 |
Liability for uncertain tax positions |  |  | 30,356 |  |  |  | 29,283 |
Other |  |  | 14,013 |  |  |  | 12,029 |
|  | $ | 70,892 |  |  | $ | 68,184 |

15

(13) | SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF OPERATIONS

The following table provides a comparison of segment revenues, vessel operating profit (loss), depreciation and amortization, and additions to properties and equipment for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. Vessel revenues relate to vessels owned and operated by us while other operating revenues relate to other miscellaneous marine-related businesses.

(In Thousands) |  | Three Months Ended |
|  |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vessel revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 28,444 |  |  | $ | 26,224 |
Middle East/Asia Pacific |  |  | 25,115 |  |  |  | 24,414 |
Europe/Mediterranean |  |  | 23,919 |  |  |  | 14,749 |
West Africa |  |  | 26,398 |  |  |  | 15,606 |
Other operating revenues |  |  | 1,853 |  |  |  | 2,511 |
Total |  | $ | 105,729 |  |  | $ | 83,504 |
Vessel operating profit (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | (82 | ) |  | $ | (1,651 | )
Middle East/Asia Pacific |  |  | 290 |  |  |  | (1,853 | )
Europe/Mediterranean |  |  | (2,429 | ) |  |  | (8,021 | )
West Africa |  |  | 3,215 |  |  |  | (6,767 | )
Other operating profit |  |  | 1,492 |  |  |  | 1,444 |
|  |  | 2,486 |  |  |  | (16,848 | )
Corporate expenses |  |  | (10,503 | ) |  |  | (7,505 | )
Long-lived asset impairment credit |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | — |
Gain (loss) on asset dispositions, net |  |  | 207 |  |  |  | (1,948 | )
Operating loss |  | $ | (7,310 | ) |  | $ | (26,301 | )
Depreciation and amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 7,116 |  |  | $ | 8,007 |
Middle East/Asia Pacific |  |  | 6,255 |  |  |  | 6,880 |
Europe/Mediterranean |  |  | 6,762 |  |  |  | 7,484 |
West Africa |  |  | 5,741 |  |  |  | 6,570 |
Corporate |  |  | 783 |  |  |  | 786 |
Total |  | $ | 26,657 |  |  | $ | 29,727 |
Additions to properties and equipment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Middle East/Asia Pacific |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 8 |
Europe/Mediterranean |  |  | 276 |  |  |  | 306 |
West Africa |  |  | 350 |  |  |  | 495 |
Corporate |  |  | 579 |  |  |  | 387 |
Total |  | $ | 1,229 |  |  | $ | 1,196 |

The following table provides a comparison of total assets at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
Total assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 282,522 |  |  | $ | 278,394 |
Middle East/Asia Pacific |  |  | 203,750 |  |  |  | 183,287 |
Europe/Mediterranean |  |  | 275,036 |  |  |  | 293,760 |
West Africa |  |  | 188,054 |  |  |  | 223,988 |
Corporate |  |  | 104,768 |  |  |  | 116,351 |
|  | $ | 1,054,130 |  |  | $ | 1,095,780 |

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(14) | ASSET DISPOSITIONS, ASSETS HELD FOR SALE AND ASSET IMPAIRMENTS

In 2019, we made a strategic decision to reduce the size of our fleet and to remove assets that were not considered to be part of our long-term plans. Beginning in the first quarter of 2020, the industry and world economies were affected by a global pandemic and a concurrent reduction in the demand for and the price of crude oil which caused us to expand our disposal program to include more vessels. Since December 2019, we have designated 85 vessels as assets held for sale, sold 67 and returned six to the active fleet. During the three months ending March 31, 2022, we added no vessels to assets held for sale, sold five of our vessels held for sale, and re-activated one vessel from assets held for sale back into the active fleet, leaving 12 vessels valued at $8.6 million remaining in the held for sale account as of March 31, 2022. In addition, we sold no vessels from our active fleet in the three month period ending March 31, 2022 and three vessels from our active fleet in the three month period ending March 31, 2021. The total vessel and other sales for the three month period ending March 31, 2022 contributed approximately $4.6 million in proceeds and we recognized a net $0.2 million gain on the dispositions. The vessel and other sales for the three month period ending March 31, 2021 contributed $11.0 million in proceeds and we recognized a $1.9 million net loss on the dispositions.

We consider the valuation approach for our assets held for sale to be a Level 3 fair value measurement due to the level of estimation involved in valuing assets to be recycled or sold. We estimate the net realizable value of our assets held for sale using various methodologies including third party appraisals, sales comparisons, sales agreements and scrap yard tonnage prices. Estimates generally fall in ranges rather than exact numbers due to the nature of sales of offshore vessels and industry conditions. Our value ranges depend on our expectation of the ultimate disposition of the vessel. We will in all circumstances attempt to achieve maximum value for our vessels, but also recognize that certain vessels are more likely to be recycled, especially given the time and effort required to achieve a sale and the costs incurred to maintain a vessel while a searching for a buyer. We establish ranges that in many cases have scrap value as the low end of the range and an expected open market sale value at the top of the range. When there is no expectation within the range that is considered more likely than any other, we apply equal probability weighting to the low and high ends of the valuation range. In addition, in conjunction with the reactivation of a vessel from assets held for sale to the active fleet in the first quarter of 2022 and the concurrent valuation of such vessel at its fair value, we recaptured $0.5 million of impairment charged to expense in the fourth quarter of 2021. We do not separate our asset impairment expense by segment because of the significant movement of our assets between segments. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, we recorded no impairment related to assets held for sale.

The following table presents the activity in our asset held for sale account for the periods indicated:

(In Thousands, except number of vessels) |  | Three Months Ended |
|  | Number of Vessels |  |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | Number of Vessels |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
Beginning balance |  |  | 18 |  |  | $ | 14,421 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  | $ | 34,396 |
Sales |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | (4,330 | ) |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (3,182 | )
Transfers |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (1,500 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Ending balance |  |  | 12 |  |  | $ | 8,591 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  | $ | 31,214 |

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(15) | SUBSEQUENT EVENT

On March 9, 2022, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Swire Pacific Offshore Holdings Ltd. (“SPO”) which owns 50 offshore support vessels operating primarily in West Africa, Southeast Asia and the Middle East. We closed the transaction on April 22, 2022. At the closing of the transaction, we paid $42.0 million in cash and issued 8,100,000 warrants, each of which is exercisable at $0.001 per share for one share of our common stock. In addition, we paid $19.6 million in cash related to pre-closing working capital adjustments. The cash portion of the purchase price is subject to customary post-closing adjustment mechanisms related to SPO’s closing date working capital, cash and indebtedness. Due to the recent closing of this acquisition, certain financial information about fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and pro forma financial information are not yet available.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENT

In accordance with the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the information incorporated herein by reference contain certain forward-looking statements which reflect our current view with respect to future events and future financial performance. Forward-looking statements are all statements other than statements of historical fact. All such forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, and our future results of operations could differ materially from our historical results or current expectations reflected by such forward-looking statements. Some of these risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, the risks related to fluctuations in worldwide energy demand and oil and natural gas prices, and levels of oil and natural gas prices including the levels to support offshore exploration and development activities; fleet additions by competitors and industry overcapacity; our limited capital resources available to replenish our asset base as needed, including through acquisitions or vessel construction, and to fund our capital expenditure needs; uncertainty of global financial market conditions and potential constraints in accessing capital or credit if and when needed with favorable terms, if at all; changes in decisions and capital spending by customers in the energy industry and the industry expectations for offshore exploration, field development and production; consolidation of our customer base; loss of a major customer; changing customer demands for vessel specifications, which may make some of our older vessels technologically obsolete for certain customer projects or in certain markets; rapid technological changes; delays and other problems associated with vessel maintenance; the continued availability of qualified personnel and our ability to attract and retain them; the operating risks normally incident to our lines of business, including the potential impact of liquidated counterparties; our ability to comply with covenants in our indentures and other debt instruments; acts of terrorism and piracy; the impact of regional or global public health crises or pandemics; the impact of potential information technology, cybersecurity or data security breaches; integration of acquired businesses and entry into new lines of business; disagreements with our joint venture partners; natural disasters or significant weather conditions; unsettled political conditions, war, civil unrest and governmental actions, such as expropriation or enforcement of customs or other laws that are not well developed or consistently enforced; the risks associated with our international operations, including local content, local currency or similar requirements especially in higher political risk countries where we operate; interest rate and foreign currency fluctuations; labor changes proposed by international conventions; increased regulatory burdens and oversight; changes in laws governing the taxation of foreign source income; retention of skilled workers; enforcement of laws related to the environment, labor and foreign corrupt practices; the potential liability for remedial actions or assessments under existing or future environmental regulations or litigation; the effects of asserted and unasserted claims and the extent of available insurance coverage; and the resolution of pending legal proceedings.

Forward-looking statements, which can generally be identified by the use of such terminology as “may,” “can,” “potential,” “expect,” “project,” “target,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “believe,” “think,” “could,” “continue,” “intend,” “seek,” “plan,” and similar expressions contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, are not guarantees or assurances of future performance or events. Any forward-looking statements are based on our assessment of current industry, financial and economic information, which by its nature is dynamic and subject to rapid and possibly abrupt changes, which we may or may not be able to control. Further, we may make changes to our business plans that could or will affect our results. While management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable when made, there can be no assurance that future developments that affect us will be those that we anticipate and have identified. The forward-looking statements should be considered in the context of the risk factors listed above, discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on March 9, 2022, as updated by subsequent filings with the SEC. Investors and prospective investors are cautioned not to rely unduly on such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. Management disclaims any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect new information, future events, or developments.

In certain places in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we may refer to reports published by third parties that purport to describe trends or developments in energy production and drilling and exploration activity and we specifically disclaim any responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of such information and have undertaken no steps to update or independently verify such information.

The following information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and related disclosures and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on March 9, 2022.

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About Tidewater

Our vessels and associated vessel services provide support for all phases of offshore oil and natural gas exploration, field development and production as well as windfarm development and maintenance. These services include towing of, and anchor handling for, mobile offshore drilling units; transporting supplies and personnel necessary to sustain drilling, workover and production activities; offshore construction and seismic and subsea support; geotechnical survey support for windfarm construction, and a variety of other specialized services such as pipe and cable laying. In addition, we have one of the broadest geographic operating footprints in the offshore vessel industry. Our global operating footprint allows us to react quickly to changing local market conditions and to be responsive to the changing requirements of the many customers with which we believe we have strong relationships. We are also one of the most experienced international operators in the offshore energy industry with a history spanning over 65 years.

At March 31, 2022, we owned 150 vessels with an average age of 11.4 years (excluding 1 joint venture vessel, but including 6 stacked vessels and 12 vessels designated for sale) available to serve the global energy industry. We also have two vessels currently under construction. The average age of our 138 active vessels at March 31, 2022 is 11.1 years.

On April 22, 2022, we completed our previously disclosed acquisition of Swire Pacific Offshore Holdings Ltd. (“SPO”) and its 50 offshore support vessels operating primarily in West Africa, Southeast Asia and the Middle East. As consideration for the acquisition, we paid $42.0 million in cash and issued 8,100,000 warrants, each of which is exercisable at $0.001 per share for one share of our common stock. In addition, we paid $19.6 million in cash related to pre-closing working capital adjustments. The cash portion of the purchase price is subject to customary post-closing adjustment mechanisms related to SPO’s closing date working capital, cash and indebtedness. Including the 50 vessels acquired, our active vessel fleet increased to 188 vessels with an average age of 10.9 years.

Objective

Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (MD&A) is designed to provide information about our financial condition and results of operations from management’s perspective. It includes relevant components of our financial condition and current and long-term liquidity. Primary revenue drivers include numbers of active vessels, active vessel utilization and average day rates. Our most significant operating cost drivers are generally personnel costs and repairs and maintenance. We discuss our liquidity in terms of cash flow that we generate from our operations. Our primary obligations are vessel operating costs including routine planned maintenance, general and administrative costs and long-term debt service. Our primary sources of capital have been our cash on hand, internally generated funds including operating cash flow, vessel sales and long-term debt financing. We also can issue stock either in the open market or as currency in acquisitions. This ability is impacted by existing market conditions. Our results are affected by the activity of our customers in the offshore oil and gas industry and the supply and demand dynamics associated with our vessels. Our objective is to discuss how all these factors have affected our historical results and, where applicable, how we expect these factors to impact our future results and future liquidity.

Principal Factors That Drive Our Results

Our revenues, net earnings and cash flows from operations are largely dependent upon the activity level of our offshore marine vessel fleet. As is the case with the numerous other vessel operators in our industry, our business activity is largely dependent on the level of exploration, field development and production activity of our customers. Our customers’ business activity, in turn, is dependent on current and expected crude oil and natural gas prices, which fluctuate depending on expected future levels of supply and demand for crude oil and natural gas, and on estimates of the cost to find, develop and produce crude oil and natural gas reserves.

Our revenues in all segments are driven primarily by our fleet size, vessel utilization and day rates. Because a sizeable portion of our operating and depreciation costs do not change proportionally with changes in revenue, our operating profit is largely dependent on revenue levels.

Operating costs consist primarily of crew costs, repair and maintenance costs, insurance costs, fuel, lube oil and supplies costs and other vessel operating costs. Fleet size, fleet composition, geographic areas of operation, supply and demand for marine personnel, and local labor requirements are the major factors which affect overall crew costs in all segments. In addition, our newer, more technologically sophisticated vessels generally require a greater number of specially trained, more highly compensated fleet personnel than our older, smaller and less sophisticated vessels. Crew costs may increase if competition for skilled personnel intensifies, though a weaker offshore energy market should somewhat mitigate any potential inflation of crew costs.

Costs related to the recertification of vessels are deferred and amortized over 30 months on a straight-line basis. Maintenance costs incurred at the time of the recertification drydocking that are not related to the recertification of the vessel are expensed as incurred. Costs related to vessel improvements that either extend the vessel’s useful life or increase the vessel’s functionality are capitalized and depreciated.

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Insurance costs are dependent on a variety of factors, including our safety record and pricing in the insurance markets, and can fluctuate over time. Our vessels are generally insured for up to their estimated fair market value in order to cover damage or loss. We also purchase coverage for potential liabilities stemming from third-party losses with limits that we believe are reasonable for our operations, but do not generally purchase business interruption insurance or similar coverage. Insurance limits are reviewed annually, and third-party coverage is purchased based on the expected scope of ongoing operations and the cost of third-party coverage.

Fuel and lube costs can also fluctuate in any given period depending on the number and distance of vessel mobilizations, the number of active vessels off charter, drydockings, and changes in fuel prices. We also incur vessel operating costs that are aggregated as “other” vessel operating costs. These costs consist of brokers’ commissions, training costs, satellite communication fees, agent fees, port fees and other miscellaneous costs. Brokers’ commissions are incurred primarily in our non-United States operations where brokers sometimes assist in obtaining work. Brokers generally are paid a percentage of day rates and, accordingly, commissions paid to brokers generally fluctuate in accordance with vessel revenue.

DTDW

We own 40% of DTDW. Our partner, who owns 60%, is a Nigerian national. DTDW owns one offshore service vessel. We also, from time to time, operate company owned vessels in Nigeria for which our partner receives a commission. As of March 31, 2022, we had no company owned vessels operating in Nigeria and the DTDW owned vessel was not employed. As a result, the near-term cash flow projections indicate that DTDW does not have sufficient funds to meet its obligations to us or its vendors. Based on current situations, operations in Nigeria have been severely impacted and we have effectively ceased activity. We have created a fully reserved position in our consolidated balance sheet to account for our expected liabilities related to certain obligations of the joint venture.

Industry Conditions and Outlook

Our business is directly impacted by the level of activity in worldwide offshore oil and natural gas exploration, development and production, which in turn is influenced by trends in oil and natural gas prices. In addition, oil and natural gas prices are affected by a host of geopolitical and economic forces, including the fundamental principles of supply and demand. In particular, the oil price is significantly influenced by actions of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC. In addition, offshore oil and gas exploration and development activities have traditionally required higher oil or natural gas prices to justify the much higher expenditure levels of offshore activities compared to onshore activities. Prices are subject to significant uncertainty and, as a result, are extremely volatile. In late 2014, oil prices declined significantly from levels of over $100.00 per barrel and continued to decline throughout 2015 and into 2016, to a point trading at less than $30.00 per barrel, causing an industry-wide downturn. Prices began to stabilize in the $50.00 to $60.00 per barrel range in 2019 and early 2020, suggesting a return to exploration and production activities for our customers. However, in the first quarter of 2020 the industry was severely impacted by a global pandemic (COVID-19) and the resulting loss of demand and decrease in oil prices. Oil prices declined severely in the second quarter, in this case trading at below $20.00 per barrel. Oil prices recovered in 2021 to levels greater than experienced since 2018, and in early 2022 are trading at near $100.00 per barrel. Natural gas prices are also at historic highs.

Despite the price recovery, there are lingering effects of the 2014 downturn and the subsequent COVID-19 pandemic downturn in the activity levels of our customers. In addition, there has been recent pressure from certain shareholders and other stakeholders, including governmental entities, on our customers related to environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors. A possible impact of this pressure on our business could be a gradual move away from exploration and development of fossil fuels. Many of our large international customers have recently issued statements supporting changes in their future business plans to move toward a lower environmental impact which has, coupled with the lingering COVID-19 impact, effectively delayed the recovery in our business that would be expected with current commodity price levels. Further, as our customers have responded to pressure to return capital to shareholders in the wake of the 2014 downturn and subsequent industry challenges, they have increasingly shifted their capital allocation strategy from primarily new oil and gas production and reserve additions to a mix of returns to shareholders along with new oil and gas project development. The realistic expectation of a worldwide move towards more sustainable fuels for supplying energy includes the continued use of fossil fuels for some time to come. Despite the pressure to return capital to shareholders and the ongoing social pressure to move away from fossil fuels, our customers have recently made gradual moves to expand exploration and development activities.

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We are one of the world’s largest operators of offshore support vessels and we have operations in most of the world’s offshore oil and gas basins. We continue to believe that there will be sufficient opportunities for us to operate our vessels in this sector for many years to come. We have, however, also begun to seek and develop opportunities in the sustainability arena, including the support of offshore wind energy generation and the improvement of our fleet performance regarding emissions and environmental impact. There is current evidence of higher oil and gas demand which has resulted in increased commodity pricing and increased customer activity offshore. We are optimistic that our industry may experience a recovery over the coming years.

As COVID-19 spread throughout the world, its impact on many of our locations, including our vessels, has affected our operations. We implemented various protocols for both onshore and offshore personnel in efforts to limit this impact. The effect on our business has included lockdowns of shipyards performing drydocks which delays vessels returning to service and the cancellation and/or temporary delay of certain revenue vessel contracts allowed either under the contract provisions or by mutual agreement with our customers. These cancellations and/or temporary delays reduced our year 2020 revenues by 18% and our year 2021 revenues by less than 3%. Our first quarter 2022 revenues were not significantly impacted. In addition, in the year ended December 31, 2021, and the quarter ended March 31, 2022 we incurred approximately $7.0 million and $1.4 million, respectively, in higher operating costs, primarily related to additional crew costs, mobilization and vessel stacking costs as a result of these unplanned contract cancellations or delays. There may be additional cancellations or delays.

ESG and Climate Change

Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of certain adverse weather patterns, which may impact our business. Due to concern over the risk of climate change, several countries have adopted, or are considering the adoption of, regulatory frameworks to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, methane and other gases (greenhouse gas emissions). In addition, the increased regulation of environmental emissions is expected to create greater incentives for the use of alternative energy sources. Consideration of climate change-related issues and the responses to those issues through international agreements and national, regional, or state regulatory frameworks are integrated into our strategy, planning, forecasting and risk management processes, where applicable.

Our primary business is to support the fossil fuel industry. In addition, we burn fossil fuels in operating our vessels. The fossil fuel industry is considered one of the primary contributors to the elements of global climate change. The primary source of energy in the world is fossil fuels. We believe that continued use of fossil fuels will be important as the world transitions to alternative energy sources. We are prepared to participate in the transition but also to continue to support the fossil fuel industry. We have begun to take measures to address the future of our company and our impact on climate change. Such measures include modifications to many of our vessels to reduce our carbon footprint (approximately $10.3 million of emissions focused costs including fuel monitoring systems and batteries for supplemental power are included in our net properties and equipment amount as of March 31, 2022); developing associations with alternative energy providers such as windfarms; and creation of a written sustainability report. We have also recently formed an ESG committee within our Board of Directors. We are in the early stages on most of these measures and continue to develop our strategies and solutions. The measures we undertake will continue to evolve in compliance with new regulations and in recognition of applicable new sustainable technologies.

For detailed discussion of climate change and related governmental regulation, including associated risks and possible impact on our business, financial conditions and results of operations, please see "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on March 9, 2022.

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Results of Operations – Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 compared to March 31, 2021

Revenues for the quarters ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were $105.7 million and $83.5 million, respectively. The $22.2 million increase in revenue is primarily due to increases in utilization, average day rates and active vessels. Overall, we had 15 more average active vessels in the first quarter of 2022 than in the first quarter of 2021. Average day rates also increased from $9,993 per day in 2021 to $10,687 in 2022. Active utilization increased from 77.6% in 2021 to 82.5% in 2022.

Vessel operating costs for the quarters ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were $68.5 million and $61.0 million, respectively. The increase is primarily due to the increase in vessel activity, as we have 15 more active vessels in our fleet in the first quarter of 2022 compared to the first quarter of 2021 as we recover from the low vessel utilization levels caused by the pandemic and we have increased activity as the crude oil price has resulted in more activity from our customers.

Depreciation and amortization expense for the quarters ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were $26.7 million and $29.7 million, respectively, largely due to a decrease in amortization expense related to deferred drydock expenditures and, to a lesser extent, to lower depreciation resulting from vessels sales in 2021 and 2022.

General and administrative expenses for the quarters ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were $18.2 million and $16.0 million, respectively. The increase is primarily due to increased professional fees related to our acquisition of Swire Pacific Offshore in the second quarter of 2022.

Included in gain (loss) on asset dispositions, net for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, are $0.2 million of net gains from the disposal of five vessels and other assets. During the quarter ended March 31, 2021, we recognized losses of $1.9 million related to the disposal of six vessels and other assets.

Long-lived asset impairment during the quarter ended March 31, 2022 was $0.5 million credit related to recovery of impairment on a vessel reclassified from assets held for sale back to the active fleet. There was no long lived asset impairment in the quarters ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

In the first quarter of 2021, we recognized $1.8 million in losses related to our interest in the Sonatide joint venture in Angola. On January 3, 2022, we acquired our partner’s 51% interest in Sonatide and ceased recording equity gains and losses.

Interest expense for the quarters ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, was $4.2 million and $4.5 million, respectively. The decrease primarily reflects the acceleration of debt discount amortization due to the early payoff of $26.4 million debt in the first quarter of 2021. In addition, we recorded $3.4 million in interest income and other, net in the first quarter of 2022 compared to less than $0.1 million in the first quarter of 2021. The 2022 income was primarily related to the $1.3 million bargain purchase gain on our acquisition of 51% of Sonatide and $1.9 million in interest and other income related to a litigation settlement for one of our vessels.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2022, we recognized foreign exchange gains of $0.9 million and during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 we recognized foreign exchange losses of $0.9 million.

The tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $5.2 million compared to an income tax expense of $2.0 million for the three months ending March 31, 2021. The tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 is mainly attributable to foreign taxes that are calculated on the basis of deemed profit or minimum tax regimes or withholding tax on revenue instead of taxable income or loss. Additionally, the inability to offset profits in one country with losses in a different country contributes to having a tax liability despite large consolidated pre-tax losses.

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The following table compares vessel revenues and vessel operating costs by geographic segment for our owned and operated vessel fleet and the related percentage of vessel revenue for the periods indicated:

(In Thousands) |  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
Vessel revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 28,444 |  |  |  | 27 | % |  | $ | 26,224 |  |  |  | 32 | %
Middle East/Asia Pacific |  |  | 25,115 |  |  |  | 24 | % |  |  | 24,414 |  |  |  | 30 | %
Europe/Mediterranean |  |  | 23,919 |  |  |  | 23 | % |  |  | 14,749 |  |  |  | 18 | %
West Africa |  |  | 26,398 |  |  |  | 26 | % |  |  | 15,606 |  |  |  | 19 | %
Total vessel revenues |  | $ | 103,876 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 80,993 |  |  |  | 100 | %
Vessel operating costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Crew costs |  | $ | 11,252 |  |  |  | 40 | % |  | $ | 10,594 |  |  |  | 40 | %
Repair and maintenance |  |  | 2,627 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 2,714 |  |  |  | 10 | %
Insurance |  |  | 367 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 200 |  |  |  | 1 | %
Fuel, lube and supplies |  |  | 2,385 |  |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | 1,774 |  |  |  | 7 | %
Other |  |  | 2,196 |  |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | 1,980 |  |  |  | 8 | %
|  | $ | 18,827 |  |  |  | 66 | % |  | $ | 17,262 |  |  |  | 66 | %
Middle East/Asia Pacific: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Crew costs |  | $ | 9,253 |  |  |  | 37 | % |  | $ | 9,639 |  |  |  | 39 | %
Repair and maintenance |  |  | 2,408 |  |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 2,659 |  |  |  | 11 | %
Insurance |  |  | 351 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | (224 | ) |  |  | (1 | )%
Fuel, lube and supplies |  |  | 1,664 |  |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 1,569 |  |  |  | 6 | %
Other |  |  | 2,879 |  |  |  | 11 | % |  |  | 2,959 |  |  |  | 12 | %
|  | $ | 16,555 |  |  |  | 66 | % |  | $ | 16,602 |  |  |  | 68 | %
Europe/Mediterranean: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Crew costs |  | $ | 12,003 |  |  |  | 50 | % |  | $ | 9,022 |  |  |  | 61 | %
Repair and maintenance |  |  | 2,106 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 1,673 |  |  |  | 11 | %
Insurance |  |  | 309 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 299 |  |  |  | 2 | %
Fuel, lube and supplies |  |  | 1,077 |  |  |  | 5 | % |  |  | 759 |  |  |  | 5 | %
Other |  |  | 2,026 |  |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | 1,707 |  |  |  | 12 | %
|  | $ | 17,521 |  |  |  | 73 | % |  | $ | 13,460 |  |  |  | 91 | %
West Africa: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Crew costs |  | $ | 8,329 |  |  |  | 32 | % |  | $ | 5,907 |  |  |  | 38 | %
Repair and maintenance |  |  | 2,320 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 2,391 |  |  |  | 15 | %
Insurance |  |  | 357 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 348 |  |  |  | 2 | %
Fuel, lube and supplies |  |  | 1,950 |  |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 1,758 |  |  |  | 11 | %
Other |  |  | 2,652 |  |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 3,292 |  |  |  | 21 | %
|  | $ | 15,608 |  |  |  | 59 | % |  | $ | 13,696 |  |  |  | 88 | %
Vessel operating costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Crew costs |  | $ | 40,837 |  |  |  | 39 | % |  | $ | 35,162 |  |  |  | 43 | %
Repair and maintenance |  |  | 9,461 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 9,437 |  |  |  | 12 | %
Insurance |  |  | 1,384 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 623 |  |  |  | 1 | %
Fuel, lube and supplies |  |  | 7,076 |  |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 5,860 |  |  |  | 7 | %
Other |  |  | 9,753 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 9,938 |  |  |  | 12 | %
Total vessel operating costs |  | $ | 68,511 |  |  |  | 66 | % |  | $ | 61,020 |  |  |  | 75 | %

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The following table presents general and administrative expenses in our four geographic segments both individually and in total and the related general and administrative expenses as a percentage of the vessel revenues of each segment and in total for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:

(In Thousands) |  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
Segment general and administrative expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 2,583 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  | $ | 2,605 |  |  |  | 10 | %
Middle East/Asia Pacific |  |  | 2,015 |  |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | 2,785 |  |  |  | 11 | %
Europe/Mediterranean |  |  | 2,065 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 1,827 |  |  |  | 12 | %
West Africa |  |  | 1,834 |  |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 2,107 |  |  |  | 14 | %
Total segment general and administrative expenses |  | $ | 8,497 |  |  |  | 8 | % |  | $ | 9,324 |  |  |  | 12 | %

The following table presents segment and total depreciation and amortization expense and the related segment and total vessel depreciation and amortization expense as a percentage of segment and total vessel revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:

(In Thousands) |  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
Segment depreciation and amortization expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 7,116 |  |  |  | 25 | % |  | $ | 8,007 |  |  |  | 31 | %
Middle East/Asia Pacific |  |  | 6,255 |  |  |  | 25 | % |  |  | 6,880 |  |  |  | 28 | %
Europe/Mediterranean |  |  | 6,762 |  |  |  | 28 | % |  |  | 7,484 |  |  |  | 51 | %
West Africa |  |  | 5,741 |  |  |  | 22 | % |  |  | 6,570 |  |  |  | 42 | %
Total segment depreciation and amortization expense |  | $ | 25,874 |  |  |  | 25 | % |  | $ | 28,941 |  |  |  | 36 | %

The following table compares operating loss and other components of loss and its related percentage of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:

(In Thousands) |  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
Vessel operating profit (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | (82 | ) |  |  | 0 | % |  | $ | (1,651 | ) |  |  | (2 | )%
Middle East/Asia Pacific |  |  | 290 |  |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | (1,853 | ) |  |  | (2 | )%
Europe/Mediterranean |  |  | (2,429 | ) |  |  | (2 | )% |  |  | (8,021 | ) |  |  | (10 | )%
West Africa |  |  | 3,215 |  |  |  | 3 | % |  |  | (6,767 | ) |  |  | (8 | )%
Other operating profit |  |  | 1,492 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 1,444 |  |  |  | 2 | %
|  |  | 2,486 |  |  |  | 2 | % |  |  | (16,848 | ) |  |  | (20 | )%
Corporate expenses |  |  | (10,503 | ) |  |  | (10 | )% |  |  | (7,505 | ) |  |  | (9 | )%
Gain (loss) on asset dispositions, net |  |  | 207 |  |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | (1,948 | ) |  |  | (2 | )%
Long-lived asset impairment credit |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0 | %
Operating loss |  | $ | (7,310 | ) |  |  | (7 | )% |  | $ | (26,301 | ) |  |  | (31 | )%

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Results for three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to March 31, 2021

Americas Segment Operations. Vessel revenues in the Americas segment increased 8.5%, or $2.2 million, during the quarter ended March 31, 2022, as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2021. This increase is primarily the result of a 30.6% increase in average day rates largely due the demand recovery with higher crude oil prices and the end of COVID-19 restrictions. This increase was offset by a decrease in average utilization from 87.9% in the first quarter of 2021 to 75.5% in the first quarter of 2022 due to vessels in drydock and a one vessel decrease in average active vessels.

Vessel operating loss for the Americas segment for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 was $0.1 million, compared to a $1.7 million operating loss for the quarter ended March 31, 2021. The decrease in operating loss was largely due to the increase in revenue and a $0.9 million decrease in depreciation and amortization partially offset by a $1.6 million increase in operating expenses, resulting mainly from reactivation costs. The decrease in depreciation and amortization was attributable to lower amortization of deferred drydock costs. General and administrative costs remained the same.

Middle East/Asia Pacific Segment Operations. Vessel revenues in the Middle East/Asia Pacific segment increased 2.9%, or $0.7 million, during the quarter ended March 31, 2022, as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2021. Active utilization for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 increased to 85.7% from 84.0% and average day rates increased 1.0%. Average active vessels remained the same.

The Middle East/Asia Pacific segment reported an operating profit of $0.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, compared to an operating loss of $1.9 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 primarily due to the increase in revenue, a $0.6 million decrease in depreciation and amortization due to lower amortization of deferred drydock costs, and a $0.8 million decrease in general and administrative primarily due to bad debt expense incurred in 2021. The pandemic downturn did not significantly impact this segment’s operations.

Europe/Mediterranean Segment Operations. Vessel revenues in the Europe/Mediterranean segment increased 62.2%, or $9.2 million, during the quarter ended March 31, 2022, as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2021. The increased revenue was attributable to seven more average active vessels combined with higher average day rates and higher active utilization. Active utilization increased from 81.3% to 91.3% and average day rates increased 1.4%.

The Europe/Mediterranean segment reported an operating loss of $2.4 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, compared to an operating loss of $8.0 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2021. The lower operating loss was due to $4.1 million in higher operating costs associated with the increase in average vessels and a $0.2 million increase in general and administrative costs. This was partially offset by higher revenue. Depreciation and amortization also decreased by $0.7 million due to lower total vessels related to transfers and vessel sales and lower drydock amortization.

West Africa Segment Operations. Vessel revenues in the West Africa segment increased 69.2% or $10.8 million, during the quarter ended March 31, 2022, as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2021. The West Africa average active vessel fleet increased by nine vessels during the comparative periods. West Africa segment active utilization increased as well from 59.6% during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 to 79.1% during the quarter ended March 31, 2022. In addition, average day rates increased 1.4% due to the change in the mix of remaining contracts. The increases in revenue are almost entirely the result of higher demand caused by lessening restriction from the pandemic and the higher price of crude oil.

West Africa reported an operating profit of $3.2 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 compared to an operating loss of $6.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2021. The increase in operating results is largely due to the increase in revenue partially offset by $1.9 million in higher operating costs primarily related to the increase in average active vessels. In addition, general and administrative costs decreased by $0.3 million due to lower personnel costs and depreciation and amortization decreased by $0.8 million due largely to vessels designated to assets held for sale and lower drydock amortization.

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Vessel Utilization and Average Day Rates by Segment

Vessel utilization is determined primarily by market conditions and to a lesser extent by drydocking requirements. Vessel day rates are determined by the demand created largely through the level of offshore exploration, field development and production spending by energy companies relative to the supply of offshore support vessels. Specifications of available equipment and the scope of service provided may also influence vessel day rates. Vessel utilization rates are calculated by dividing the number of days a vessel works during a reporting period by the number of days the vessel is available to work in the reporting period. As such, stacked vessels depress utilization rates because stacked vessels are considered available to work and are included in the calculation of utilization rates. Average day rates are calculated by dividing the revenue a vessel earns during a reporting period by the number of days the vessel worked in the reporting period.

Total vessel utilization is calculated on all vessels in service (which includes stacked vessels, vessels held for sale and vessels in drydock) but do not include vessels owned by joint ventures (one and three vessels at both March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively). Active utilization is calculated on active vessels (which excludes vessels held for sale and stacked vessels). Average day rates are calculated based on total vessel days worked.

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The following tables compare day-based utilization percentages, average day rates and average total, active and stacked vessels by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
SEGMENT STATISTICS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas fleet: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Utilization |  |  | 60.7 | % |  |  | 61.1 | %
Active utilization |  |  | 75.5 | % |  |  | 87.9 | %
Average vessel day rates |  | $ | 15,501 |  |  | $ | 11,865 |
Average total vessels |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 40 |
Average stacked vessels |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (12 | )
Average active vessels |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 28 |
Middle East/Asia Pacific fleet: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Utilization |  |  | 85.1 | % |  |  | 77.9 | %
Active utilization |  |  | 85.7 | % |  |  | 84.0 | %
Average vessel day rates |  | $ | 8,589 |  |  | $ | 8,506 |
Average total vessels |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 41 |
Average stacked vessels |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3 | )
Average active vessels |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 38 |
Europe/Mediterranean fleet: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Utilization |  |  | 77.8 | % |  |  | 44.7 | %
Active utilization |  |  | 91.3 | % |  |  | 81.3 | %
Average vessel day rates |  | $ | 12,124 |  |  | $ | 11,960 |
Average total vessels |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 31 |
Average stacked vessels |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (14 | )
Average active vessels |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 17 |
West Africa fleet: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Utilization |  |  | 63.5 | % |  |  | 34.1 | %
Active utilization |  |  | 79.1 | % |  |  | 59.6 | %
Average vessel day rates |  | $ | 8,834 |  |  | $ | 8,711 |
Average total vessels |  |  | 52 |  |  |  | 58 |
Average stacked vessels |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | (25 | )
Average active vessels |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 33 |
Worldwide fleet: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Utilization |  |  | 70.9 | % |  |  | 52.9 | %
Active utilization |  |  | 82.5 | % |  |  | 77.6 | %
Average vessel day rates |  | $ | 10,687 |  |  | $ | 9,993 |
Average total vessels |  |  | 152 |  |  |  | 170 |
Average stacked vessels |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | (54 | )
Average active vessels |  |  | 131 |  |  |  | 116 |

Average active vessels exclude stacked vessels. We consider a vessel to be stacked if the vessel crew is furloughed or substantially reduced and limited maintenance is being performed on the vessel. We reduce operating costs by stacking vessels when management does not foresee opportunities to profitably or strategically operate the vessels in the near future. Vessels are stacked when market conditions warrant and they are no longer considered stacked when they are returned to active service, sold, or otherwise disposed. When economically practical marketing opportunities arise, the stacked vessels can be returned to active service by performing any necessary maintenance on the vessel and either rehiring or returning fleet personnel to operate the vessel. Although not currently fulfilling charters, stacked vessels are included in the calculation of utilization statistics. We also include our assets held for sale in stacked vessels as they continue to incur stacking related costs. We had 18 and 52 stacked vessels at March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease in stacked vessels is primarily attributable to vessel sales. We also reclassified three vessels in 2021 and one vessel in 2022 from assets held for sale to the active fleet. Total stacking costs included in vessel operating costs for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, were $1.4 million and $5.4 million, respectively.

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Vessel Dispositions

We seek opportunities to sell and/or responsibly recycle our older vessels when market conditions warrant and opportunities arise. The majority of our vessels are sold to buyers who do not compete with us in the offshore energy industry. Vessels sales during the first three months of 2022 included five vessels that were classified as assets held for sale.

Liquidity, Capital Resources and Other Matters

As of March 31, 2022, we had $143.7 million in cash and cash equivalents (including restricted cash), including amounts held by foreign subsidiaries, the majority of which is available to us without adverse tax consequences. Included in foreign subsidiary cash are balances held in U.S. dollars and foreign currencies that await repatriation due to various currency conversion and repatriation constraints, partner and tax related matters, prior to the cash being made available for remittance to our domestic accounts. We currently intend that earnings by foreign subsidiaries will be indefinitely reinvested in foreign jurisdictions in order to fund strategic initiatives (such as investment, expansion and acquisitions), fund working capital requirements and repay third-party and intercompany debt of our foreign subsidiaries in the normal course of business. Moreover, we do not currently intend to repatriate earnings of our foreign subsidiaries to the U. S. because cash generated from our domestic businesses and the repayment of intercompany liabilities from foreign subsidiaries are currently deemed to be sufficient to fund the cash needs of our U.S. operations. The SPO acquisition closed in April 2022 and decreased our net cash position by $25.6 million, but is expected to increase our revenues and operating cash flows substantially post acquisition.

Our objective in financing our business is to maintain and preserve adequate financial resources and sufficient levels of liquidity. We also have a $25.0 million revolving credit facility which matures in 2026. No amounts have been drawn on this facility. As of March 31, 2022, we had $175.0 million of long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheet of which none is due until 2026. The 2026 Notes and the revolving credit facility contain two financial covenants: (i) a minimum free liquidity test of the obligors (as defined) equal to the greater of $20.0 million or 10% of net interest-bearing debt, and (ii) a minimum equity ratio of 30%, in each case for us and our consolidated subsidiaries. We are currently in compliance and anticipate being able to maintain ongoing compliance with these two financial covenants. Cash and cash equivalents, our revolving credit facility and future net cash provided by operating activities provide us, in our opinion, with sufficient liquidity to meet our liquidity requirements. In addition, we have available a “shelf” registration under which we may offer and sell up to $300.0 million of any combination of common stock, debt securities, depository shares, preferred stock or warrants from time to time in one or more classes or series or amounts, at prices and on terms that we will determine at the time of the offering. We also have an “at-the-market” offering registered with the SEC under which we may offer and sell shares of our common stock, having an aggregate offering proceeds of up to $30.0 million from time to time through the Agents acting as a sales agent or directly to the Agents acting as a principal. We expect to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities covered by these offerings for general corporate purposes, which may include repayment or refinancing of indebtedness, working capital, capital expenditures, investments, additional acquisitions and other business opportunities.

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $(11.6) million and $5.7 million, respectively.

Net cash used in operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 reflects a net loss of $12.3 million, which includes non-cash depreciation and amortization of $26.7 million and net gains on asset dispositions of $0.2 million. Combined changes in operating assets and liabilities used $13.4 million in cash, and cash paid for deferred drydock and survey costs was $12.6 million.

Net cash provided by operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 reflects a net loss of $35.5 million, which includes non-cash depreciation and amortization of $29.7 million and net losses on asset dispositions of $1.9 million. Combined changes in operating assets and liabilities and in amounts due to/from affiliate provided $9.9 million in cash, and cash paid for deferred drydock and survey costs was $2.7 million.

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Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, was $2.4 million and $9.8 million, respectively.

Net cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 reflects the receipt of $4.6 million primarily related to the sale of five vessels. Additions to properties and equipment were comprised of approximately $0.6 million in capitalized upgrades to existing vessels and equipment and $0.6 million for other property and Information Technology equipment purchases and development work. We also purchased the 51% equity interest in Sonatide for $1.0 million, net of cash acquired.

Net cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 primarily reflects the receipt of $11.0 million primarily related to the sale of six vessels. Additions to properties and equipment were comprised of approximately $0.8 million in capitalized upgrades to existing vessels and equipment and $0.4 million for other property and IT equipment purchases and development work.
Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $1.3 million and $27.3 million, respectively.

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 included $0.3 million of debt issuance costs and $1.0 in taxes paid on share-based awards.

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 included $11.8 million of repurchases of the Secured Notes in open market transactions, $14.6 million of scheduled semiannual principal payments and prepayments on Troms offshore debt and $0.7 million of debt modification costs.

Contractual Obligations and Other Contingent Commitments

We did not have any material changes in our contractual obligations and commercial commitments since the end of fiscal year 2021. Refer to Part II, Item 7 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, for information regarding our contractual obligations and other contingent commitments.

Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on March 9, 2022, describes the accounting policies that are critical to reporting our financial position and operating results and that require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the discussion contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, regarding these critical accounting policies.

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New Accounting Pronouncements

For information regarding the effect of new accounting pronouncements, refer to Note (2) of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There were no material changes in the quarter ended March 31, 2022 to the market risk disclosures contained in Item 7A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are designed with the objective of ensuring that all information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), such as this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer's management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. However, any control system, no matter how well conceived and followed, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.

We evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2022.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2022, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Various legal proceedings and claims are outstanding which arose in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the amount of ultimate liability, if any, with respect to these actions, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Information related to various commitments and contingencies, including legal proceedings, is disclosed in Note (10) of Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The significant factors known to us that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or operating results are described in Item 2 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on March 9, 2022, and in the Current Report on Form 8-k, filed with the SEC on April 26, 2022.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number |  | Description
2.1 |  | Joint Prepackaged Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Tidewater Inc. and its Affiliated Debtors dated May 11, 2017 (filed with the Commission as Exhibit A to Exhibit T3E.1 to the company’s application for the qualification of indentures on Form T-3 filed on May 12, 2017, File No. 22-29043).
2.2 |  | Disclosure Statement for Joint Prepackaged Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Tidewater Inc. and its Affiliated Debtors dated May 11, 2017 (filed with the Commission as Exhibit T3E.1 to the company’s application for the qualification of indentures on Form T-3 filed on May 12, 2017, File No. 22-29043).
2.3 |  | Second Amended Joint Prepackaged Chapter 11 Plan of Tidewater Inc. and Its Affiliated Debtors dated July 13, 2017 (filed with the Commission as Exhibit 2.1 to the company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on July 18, 2017, File No. 1-6311).
2.4 |  | Agreement and Plan of Merger by and between Tidewater Inc. and GulfMark Offshore, Inc., dated as of July 15, 2018 (filed with the Commission as Exhibit 2.1 to the company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on July 16, 2018, File No. 1-6311).
2.5+ |  | Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 9, 2022, by and among Tidewater Inc., Banyan Overseas Limited and Swire Pacific Offshore Holdings Ltd. (filed with the Commission as Exhibit 2.1 to the company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on March 10, 2022, File No. 1-6311).
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Tidewater Inc. dated July 31, 2017 (filed with the Commission as Exhibit 3.1 to the company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2017, File No. 1-6311).
3.2 |  | Second Amended and Restated By-Laws of Tidewater Inc. dated November 15, 2018 (filed with the Commission as Exhibit 3.2 to the company’s registration statement on Form 8-A filed on November 15, 2018, File No. 1-6311).
3.3 |  | Certificate of Designation of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock of Tidewater Inc. (filed with the Commission as Exhibit 3.1 to the company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on April 14, 2020, File No. 1-6311).
4.1 |  | Bond Terms for 8.5% Senior Secured Notes due 2026, dated November 16, 2021, by and among Tidewater Inc. and Nordic Trustee AS, as Bond Trustee and Security Agent (filed with the Commission as Exhibit 4.1 to the company’s current report on Form 8-K on November 17, 2021, File No. 1-6311).
4.2 |  | Credit Facility Agreement, dated November 16, 2021, by and among Tidewater Inc., DNB Bank ASA, New York Branch, as Facility Agent, Nordic Trustee AS, as Security Trustee, DNB Markets, Inc. as Bookrunner and Mandated Lead Arranger, and the lenders party thereto (filed with the Commission as Exhibit 4.2 to the company’s current report on Form 8-K on November 17, 2021, File No. 1-6311).
4.3 |  | Intercreditor Agreement, dated November 16, 2021, by and among Tidewater Inc., certain subsidiaries thereof, DNB Bank ASA, New York Branch, as Facility Agent, Nordic Trustee AS, as Security Trustee, and certain other institutions (filed with the Commission as Exhibit 4.3 to the company’s current report on Form 8-K on November 17, 2021, File No. 1-6311).
4.4 |  | Guarantee Agreement, dated November 16, 2021, among Tidewater Inc., Nordic Trustee AS as Security Agent, and the original guarantors named therein (filed with the Commission as Exhibit 4.4 to the company’s current report on Form 8-K on November 17, 2021, File No. 1-6311).
10.1 |  | Restructuring Support Agreement, dated May 11, 2017 (filed with the Commission as Schedule 1 to Exhibit A to Exhibit T3E.1 to the company’s application for the qualification of indentures on Form T-3 filed on May 12, 2017, File No. 22-29043).
10.2 |  | Creditor Warrant Agreement between Tidewater Inc., as Issuer and Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., collectively as Warrant Agent dated July 31, 2017 (filed with the Commission as Exhibit 10.1 to the company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2017, File No. 1-6311).

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Exhibit Number |  | Description
10.3 |  | Existing Equity Warrant Agreement between Tidewater Inc., as Issuer and Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., collectively as Warrant Agent dated July 31, 2017 (filed with the Commission as Exhibit 10.2 to the company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2017, File No. 1- 6311).
10.4 |  | Equity Warrant Agreement, dated as of November 14, 2017, between GulfMark Offshore, Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as warrant agent (filed with the Commission as Exhibit 4.1 to the company’s registration statement on Form 8-A filed on November 15, 2018, File No. 1-6311).
10.5 |  | Assignment, Assumption and Amendment Agreement, dated as of and effective November 15, 2018, by and among GulfMark Offshore, Inc., Tidewater Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as warrant agent (filed with the Commission as Exhibit 4.2 to the company’s registration statement on Form 8-A filed on November 15, 2018, File No. 1-6311).
10.6 |  | Noteholder Warrant Agreement, dated as of November 14, 2017, between GulfMark Offshore, Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as warrant agent (filed with the Commission as Exhibit 4.1 to the company's current report on Form 8-K filed on November 16, 2018, File No. 1-6311).
10.7 |  | Assignment, Assumption and Amendment Agreement – Jones Act Warrants, dated as of and effective November 15, 2018, by and among GulfMark Offshore, Inc., Tidewater Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as warrant agent (filed with the Commission as Exhibit 4.2 to the company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on November 16, 2018, File No. 1-6311).
31.1* |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2* |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1** |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2** |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS* |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.DEF* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
101.LAB* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* | Filed with this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

** | Furnished with this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.
+ | Schedules and similar attachments have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. Tidewater agrees to furnish a supplemental copy of any omitted schedule or attachment to the SEC upon request.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized

| TIDEWATER INC.
| (Registrant)
Date: May 9, 2022 | /s/ Samuel R. Rubio
| Samuel R. Rubio
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer and authorized signatory)

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