10-Q 1 axl-q22012x10q.htm JUNE 30, 2012 FORM 10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

R | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2012
or
o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| For the transition period from _____________ to _____________

Commission File Number: 1-14303
_______________________________________________________________________________
AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

| Delaware |  | 38-3161171 |
| (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| One Dauch Drive, Detroit, Michigan |  | 48211-1198 |
| (Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code) |

(313) 758-2000
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
_______________________________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes R No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes R No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “accelerated filer,” “large accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No R
As of July 25, 2012, the latest practicable date, the number of shares of the registrant's Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding was 74,839,567 shares.
Internet Website Access to Reports
The website for American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc. is www.aam.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED JUNE 30, 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  |  | Page Number
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS |  | 1
Part I |  | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 2
| Item 1 | Financial Statements | 2
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income | 2
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 4
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 5
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
| Item 2 | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 22
| Item 3 | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 28
| Item 4 | Controls and Procedures | 28
Part II |  | OTHER INFORMATION | 28
| Item 1A | Risk Factors | 28
| Item 2 | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 29
| Item 5 | Other Information | 29
| Item 6 | Exhibits | 29
|  | Signatures | 30
|  | Exhibit Index | 31
|  | Ex. 10.37 Amended and Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Program Plan Document |
|  | Ex. 31.1 Certification - CEO - Rule 13a-14(a) |
|  | Ex. 31.2 Certification - CFO - Rule 13a-14(a) |
|  | Ex. 32 Section 906 Certifications |
|  | Ex. 101 Instance Document |
|  | Ex. 101 Schema Document |
|  | Ex. 101 Calculation Linkbase Document |
|  | Ex. 101 Label Linkbase Document |
|  | Ex. 101 Presentation Linkbase Document |
|  | Ex. 101 Definition Linkbase Document |

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Quarterly Report), we make statements concerning our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, strategies, and future events or performance. Such statements are “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and relate to trends and events that may affect our future financial position and operating results. The terms such as “will,” “may,” “could,” “would,” “plan,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “project,” and similar words of expressions, as well as statements in future tense, are intended to identify forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times at, or by, which such performance or results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made and/or management’s good faith belief as of that time with respect to future events and are subject to risks and may differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to:

• | global economic conditions, including the impact of the current sovereign debt crisis in the Euro-zone;

• | reduced purchases of our products by GM, Chrysler or other customers;

• | reduced demand for our customers' products (particularly light trucks and SUVs produced by GM and Chrysler);

• | liabilities arising from warranty claims, product recall, product liability and legal proceedings to which we are or may become a party;

• | our ability to realize the expected revenues from our new business backlog;

• | our ability or our customers' and suppliers' ability to successfully launch new product programs on a timely basis;

• | our ability to achieve the level of cost reductions required to sustain global cost competitiveness;

• | our ability to attract new customers and programs for new products;

• | supply shortages or price increases in raw materials, utilities or other operating supplies for us or our customers as a result of natural disasters or otherwise;

• | changes in liabilities arising from pension and other postretirement benefit obligations;

• | our ability to respond to changes in technology, increased competition or pricing pressures;

• | price volatility in, or reduced availability of, fuel;

• | our ability to maintain satisfactory labor relations and avoid work stoppages;

• | our suppliers', our customers' and their suppliers' ability to maintain satisfactory labor relations and avoid work stoppages;

• | risks inherent in our international operations (including adverse changes in political stability, taxes and other law changes, potential disruption of production and supply, and currency rate fluctuations);

• | availability of financing for working capital, capital expenditures, R&D or other general corporate purposes, including our ability to comply with financial covenants;

• | our customers' and suppliers' availability of financing for working capital, capital expenditures, R&D or other general corporate purposes;

• | our ability to develop and produce new products that reflect market demand;

• | lower-than-anticipated market acceptance of new or existing products;

• | adverse changes in laws, government regulations or market conditions affecting our products or our customers' products (such as the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (“CAFE”) regulations);

• | our ability to consummate and integrate acquisitions and joint ventures;

• | risks of noncompliance with environmental regulations or risks of environmental issues that could result in unforeseen costs at our facilities;

• | our ability to attract and retain key associates;

• | other unanticipated events and conditions that may hinder our ability to compete.

It is not possible to foresee or identify all such factors and we make no commitment to update any forward-looking statement or to disclose any facts, events or circumstances after the date hereof that may affect the accuracy of any forward-looking statement.
1

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 30, |  | June 30,
| 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2012 |  | 2011
| (in millions, except per share data)
Net sales | $ | 739.8 |  |  | $ | 686.2 |  |  | $ | 1,491.3 |  |  | $ | 1,331.8 |
Cost of goods sold | 654.0 |  |  | 555.7 |  |  | 1,266.3 |  |  | 1,085.9 |
Gross profit | 85.8 |  |  | 130.5 |  |  | 225.0 |  |  | 245.9 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 55.5 |  |  | 58.8 |  |  | 117.3 |  |  | 115.5 |
Operating income | 30.3 |  |  | 71.7 |  |  | 107.7 |  |  | 130.4 |
Interest expense | (23.4 | ) |  | (20.5 | ) |  | (47.4 | ) |  | (41.8 | )
Investment income | 0.1 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.6 |
Other income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt refinancing and redemption costs | — |  |  | (3.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3.1 | )
Other, net | (0.6 | ) |  | (0.7 | ) |  | (1.8 | ) |  | 0.3 |
Income before income taxes | 6.4 |  |  | 47.7 |  |  | 58.9 |  |  | 86.4 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 1.7 |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  | 3.9 |  |  | 1.9 |
Net income | 4.7 |  |  | 47.9 |  |  | 55.0 |  |  | 84.5 |
Net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 2.4 |
Net income attributable to AAM | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | 49.2 |  |  | $ | 55.9 |  |  | $ | 86.9 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.65 |  |  | $ | 0.74 |  |  | $ | 1.17 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.65 |  |  | $ | 0.74 |  |  | $ | 1.15 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 30, |  | June 30,
| 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2012 |  | 2011
| (in millions)
Net income | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | 47.9 |  |  | $ | 55.0 |  |  | $ | 84.5 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Defined benefit plans | (0.5 | ) |  | 0.4 |  |  | (14.5 | ) |  | 3.5 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (22.5 | ) |  | 8.3 |  |  | (11.8 | ) |  | 13.5 |
Change in derivatives | (0.2 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | 5.4 |  |  | 1.1 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (23.2 | ) |  | 8.6 |  |  | (20.9 | ) |  | 18.1 |
Comprehensive income (loss) | (18.5 | ) |  | 56.5 |  |  | 34.1 |  |  | 102.6 |
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 2.4 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  | (0.8 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to AAM | $ | (18.5 | ) |  | $ | 57.8 |  |  | $ | 34.8 |  |  | $ | 104.2 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

|  | June 30, 2012 |  | December 31, 2011
|  | (Unaudited) |  |
Assets |  | (in millions)
Current assets |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 85.2 |  |  | $ | 169.2 |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 474.2 |  |  | 333.3 |
Inventories, net |  | 208.5 |  |  | 177.2 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 93.7 |  |  | 83.4 |
Total current assets |  | 861.6 |  |  | 763.1 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  | 990.3 |  |  | 971.2 |
Goodwill |  | 155.9 |  |  | 155.9 |
GM postretirement cost sharing asset |  | 253.9 |  |  | 260.2 |
Other assets and deferred charges |  | 179.5 |  |  | 178.3 |
Total assets |  | $ | 2,441.2 |  |  | $ | 2,328.7 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 439.6 |  |  | $ | 337.1 |
Accrued compensation and benefits |  | 96.8 |  |  | 110.6 |
Deferred revenue |  | 24.3 |  |  | 32.9 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  | 131.2 |  |  | 95.5 |
Total current liabilities |  | 691.9 |  |  | 576.1 |
Long-term debt |  | 1,174.3 |  |  | 1,180.2 |
Deferred revenue |  | 80.0 |  |  | 88.2 |
Postretirement benefits and other long-term liabilities |  | 889.7 |  |  | 903.8 |
Total liabilities |  | 2,835.9 |  |  | 2,748.3 |
Stockholders' deficit |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share |  | 0.8 |  |  | 0.8 |
Paid-in capital |  | 599.1 |  |  | 597.2 |
Accumulated deficit |  | (587.6 | ) |  | (643.5 | )
Treasury stock at cost, 6.0 million shares as of June 30, 2012 and 5.5 million shares as of December 31, 2011 |  | (182.1 | ) |  | (176.2 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  |  |
Defined benefit plans |  | (230.1 | ) |  | (215.6 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | 5.3 |  |  | 17.3 |
Unrecognized loss on derivatives |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (5.5 | )
Total AAM stockholders' deficit |  | (394.7 | ) |  | (425.5 | )
Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries |  | — |  |  | 5.9 |
Total stockholders’ deficit |  | (394.7 | ) |  | (419.6 | )
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit |  | $ | 2,441.2 |  |  | $ | 2,328.7 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)

|  | Six Months Ended
|  | June 30,
|  | 2012 |  | 2011
|  | (in millions)
Operating activities |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 55.0 |  |  | $ | 84.5 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 73.7 |  |  | 68.8 |
Deferred income taxes |  | (1.1 | ) |  | 22.3 |
Stock-based compensation |  | 0.6 |  |  | 3.1 |
Pensions and other postretirement benefits, net of contributions |  | (29.5 | ) |  | 1.6 |
Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment, net |  | 0.8 |  |  | (6.5 | )
Debt refinancing and redemption costs |  | — |  |  | 1.8 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | (142.6 | ) |  | (50.3 | )
Inventories |  | (34.2 | ) |  | (16.8 | )
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | 135.3 |  |  | 67.3 |
Deferred revenue |  | (16.7 | ) |  | (37.7 | )
Other assets and liabilities |  | (16.7 | ) |  | (21.6 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 24.6 |  |  | 116.5 |
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment |  | (92.9 | ) |  | (71.6 | )
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment |  | 1.2 |  |  | 7.8 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (91.7 | ) |  | (63.8 | )
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Net short-term repayments under credit facilities |  | (1.7 | ) |  | — |
Payments of long-term debt and capital lease obligations |  | (18.0 | ) |  | (49.2 | )
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt |  | 12.4 |  |  | 1.8 |
Debt issuance costs |  | — |  |  | (5.3 | )
Purchase of noncontrolling interest |  | (4.0 | ) |  | — |
Purchase of treasury stock |  | (5.9 | ) |  | (0.1 | )
Employee stock option exercises |  | 0.1 |  |  | 4.6 |
Net cash used in financing activities |  | (17.1 | ) |  | (48.2 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  | 0.2 |  |  | 1.2 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  | (84.0 | ) |  | 5.7 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  | 169.2 |  |  | 244.6 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 85.2 |  |  | $ | 250.3 |
Supplemental cash flow information |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid |  | $ | 43.1 |  |  | $ | 38.2 |
Income taxes paid, net of refunds |  | $ | 10.0 |  |  | $ | 2.8 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2012
(Unaudited)
1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Organization American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc. (Holdings) and its subsidiaries (collectively, we, our, us or AAM) is a Tier I supplier to the automotive industry. We manufacture, engineer, design and validate driveline and drivetrain systems and related components and chassis modules for light trucks, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), passenger cars, crossover vehicles and commercial vehicles. Driveline and drivetrain systems include components that transfer power from the transmission and deliver it to the drive wheels. Our driveline, drivetrain and related products include axles, chassis modules, driveshafts, power transfer units, transfer cases, chassis and steering components, driveheads, transmission parts and metal-formed products. In addition to locations in the United States (U.S.) (Michigan, Ohio, Indiana and Pennsylvania), we also have offices or facilities in Brazil, China, Germany, India, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, Poland, Scotland, South Korea, Sweden and Thailand.
Basis of Presentation We have prepared the accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited but include all normal recurring adjustments, which we consider necessary for a fair presentation of the information set forth herein. Results of operations for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full fiscal year.
The balance sheet at December 31, 2011 presented herein has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for complete consolidated financial statements.
In order to prepare the accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in our interim condensed consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.
Effect of New Accounting Standards On January 1, 2012, we adopted new accounting guidance on the presentation of comprehensive income. The new guidance allows an entity to present components of net income and other comprehensive income in one continuous statement, referred to as the statement of comprehensive income, or in two separate, but consecutive statements. We have elected to present the components of other comprehensive income in a separate statement immediately following the statement of income. The guidance eliminates the previous option to report other comprehensive income and its components in the statement of changes in equity. While the new guidance changes the presentation of comprehensive income, there are no changes to the components that are recognized in net income or other comprehensive income under current accounting guidance. Other than the change in presentation, the adoption of this new guidance has had no impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
On January 1, 2012, we also adopted new accounting guidance on testing goodwill for impairment. This new guidance allows us the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. Under this amendment, we are not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless we determine, based on a qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. The amendment includes a number of events and circumstances to consider in conducting the qualitative assessment. We do not believe that the adoption of this new accounting guidance will have a significant effect on our goodwill impairment assessments in the future.
6

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
2. RESTRUCTURING ACTIONS
A summary of the restructuring related activity for the six months ended June 30, 2012 is shown below (in millions):

|  | One-time |  | Asset |  | Other |  |
|  | Termination |  | Retirement |  | Restructuring |  |
|  | Benefits |  | Obligations |  | Actions |  | Total
Accrual as of December 31, 2011 |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 0.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.9 |
Charges |  | 1.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 20.7 |  |  | 22.4 |
Cash utilization |  | (1.2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (20.7 | ) |  | (21.9 | )
Accrual adjustments |  | (0.4 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.4 | )
Accrual as of June 30, 2012 |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 0.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1.0 |

In the six months ended June 30, 2012, we incurred charges for the redeployment of assets and other related costs associated with the closure of our Detroit Manufacturing Complex (DMC) and Cheektowaga Manufacturing Facility (CKMF). We expensed and paid $20.7 million in the first six months of 2012, related to these actions.
We expect to make payments of approximately $1.0 million during the remainder of 2012 related to the remaining restructuring accrual.
3. INVENTORIES
We state our inventories at the lower of cost or market. The cost of our inventories is determined using the FIFO method. When we determine that our gross inventories exceed usage requirements, or if inventories become obsolete or otherwise not saleable, we record a provision for such loss as a component of our inventory accounts.
Inventories consist of the following:

|  | June 30, 2012 |  | December 31, 2011
|  | (in millions)
Raw materials and work-in-progress |  | $ | 211.8 |  |  | $ | 177.0 |
Finished goods |  | 20.5 |  |  | 26.9 |
Gross inventories |  | 232.3 |  |  | 203.9 |
Inventory valuation reserves |  | (23.8 | ) |  | (26.7 | )
Inventories, net |  | $ | 208.5 |  |  | $ | 177.2 |

4. LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt consists of the following:

|  | June 30, 2012 |  | December 31, 2011
|  | (in millions)
Revolving credit facility |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
9.25% Notes, net of discount |  | 379.3 |  |  | 379.0 |
7.875% Notes |  | 300.0 |  |  | 300.0 |
7.75% Notes |  | 200.0 |  |  | 200.0 |
5.25% Notes, net of discount |  | 249.9 |  |  | 249.9 |
Foreign credit facilities |  | 39.3 |  |  | 45.2 |
Capital lease obligations |  | 5.8 |  |  | 6.1 |
Long-term debt |  | $ | 1,174.3 |  |  | $ | 1,180.2 |

7

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
As of June 30, 2012, the Revolving Credit Facility provided up to $86.8 million of revolving bank financing commitments through June 2013 and $235.0 million of additional revolving bank financing commitments through June 30, 2016. At June 30, 2012, we had $296.9 million available under the Revolving Credit Facility. This availability reflects a reduction of $24.9 million for standby letters of credit issued against the facility.
The Revolving Credit Facility provides back-up liquidity for our foreign credit facilities. We intend to use the availability of long-term financing under the Revolving Credit Facility to refinance any current maturities related to such debt agreements that are not otherwise refinanced on a long-term basis in their local markets.
We utilize local currency credit facilities to finance the operations of certain foreign subsidiaries. At June 30, 2012, $39.3 million was outstanding under these facilities and an additional $32.6 million was available.
The weighted-average interest rate of our long-term debt outstanding was 8.1% at June 30, 2012 and 8.0% as of December 31, 2011.
5. FAIR VALUE
The fair value accounting guidance defines fair value as “the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.” The definition is based on an exit price rather than an entry price, regardless of whether the entity plans to hold or sell the asset. This guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy to prioritize inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

• | Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

• | Level 2: Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

• | Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

Financial instruments The estimated fair value of our financial assets and liabilities that are recognized at fair value on a recurring basis, using available market information and other observable data, as of June 30, 2012, are as follows:

|  | June 30, 2012 |  | December 31, 2011 |  |
|  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Input
|  | (in millions) |  | (in millions) |  |
Balance Sheet Classification |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents |  | $ | 2.6 |  |  | $ | 2.6 |  |  | $ | 36.0 |  |  | $ | 36.0 |  |  | Level 1
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency forward contracts |  | 1.3 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | Level 2
Other assets and deferred charges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency forward contracts |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | Level 2
Other accrued expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency forward contracts |  | 1.5 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 5.6 |  |  | 5.6 |  |  | Level 2

8

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The carrying value of our cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximates their fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The carrying value of our borrowings under the foreign credit facilities approximates their fair value due to the frequent resetting of the interest rates. We estimated the fair value of the amounts outstanding on our debt using available market information and other observable data, to be as follows:

|  | June 30, 2012 |  | December 31, 2011 |  |
|  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Input
|  | (in millions) |  | (in millions) |  |
9.25% Notes |  | $ | 379.3 |  |  | $ | 426.5 |  |  | $ | 379.0 |  |  | $ | 415.0 |  |  | Level 2
7.875% Notes |  | 300.0 |  |  | 309.8 |  |  | 300.0 |  |  | 295.5 |  |  | Level 2
7.75% Notes |  | 200.0 |  |  | 210.5 |  |  | 200.0 |  |  | 195.0 |  |  | Level 2
5.25% Notes |  | 249.9 |  |  | 256.9 |  |  | 249.9 |  |  | 243.8 |  |  | Level 2

6. DERIVATIVES
Our business and financial results are affected by fluctuations in world financial markets, including interest rates and currency exchange rates. Our hedging policy has been developed to manage these risks to an acceptable level based on management’s judgment of the appropriate trade-off between risk, opportunity and cost. We do not hold financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Currency forward contracts From time to time, we use foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the effects of fluctuations in exchange rates, primarily relating to the Mexican Peso, Euro, Pound Sterling and Brazilian Real. As of June 30, 2012, we have forward contracts outstanding with a notional amount of $54.8 million that hedge our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates for our payroll expenses in Mexico.
The following table summarizes the reclassification of pre-tax derivative gains into net income from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):

|  | Location of |  | Gain (Loss) Reclassified |  | Loss Expected to be
|  | Gain (Loss) |  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended |  | Reclassified
|  | Reclassified into |  | June 30, |  | June 30, |  | During the
|  | Net Income |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | Next 12 Months
|  |  |  | (in millions) |  |
Currency forward contracts |  | Cost of Goods Sold |  | $ | (1.3 | ) |  | $ | 1.5 |  |  | $ | (1.5 | ) |  | $ | 2.2 |  |  | $ | (0.1 | )

9

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
7. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
The components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) are as follows:

|  | Pension Benefits
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | June 30, |  | June 30,
|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2012 |  | 2011
|  | (in millions)
Service cost |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | 2.2 |
Interest cost |  | 8.8 |  |  | 9.2 |  |  | 17.6 |  |  | 18.4 |
Expected asset return |  | (8.0 | ) |  | (7.9 | ) |  | (16.0 | ) |  | (15.8 | )
Amortized loss |  | 1.8 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 2.2 |
Net periodic benefit cost |  | $ | 3.4 |  |  | $ | 3.5 |  |  | $ | 6.8 |  |  | $ | 7.0 |
|  | Other Postretirement Benefits
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | June 30, |  | June 30,
|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2012 |  | 2011
|  | (in millions)
Service cost |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |
Interest cost |  | 3.9 |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 8.6 |
Amortized loss |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.2 |
Amortized prior service credit |  | (0.5 | ) |  | (0.8 | ) |  | (1.0 | ) |  | (1.6 | )
Curtailment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (21.8 | ) |  | — |
Settlement |  | (5.2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5.2 | ) |  | — |
Net periodic benefit cost (credit) |  | $ | (1.5 | ) |  | $ | 3.8 |  |  | $ | (19.6 | ) |  | $ | 7.6 |

In the first quarter of 2012, we recorded a gain of $21.8 million in cost of goods sold for the curtailment of certain other postretirement benefits (OPEB). This resulted primarily from the reduction in the expected future OPEB related to the DMC and CKMF hourly associates who have terminated employment from AAM as a result of our plant closures. These curtailment gains resulted in an increase in our accumulated other comprehensive loss of $21.8 million.
In the second quarter of 2012, we notified hourly associates of the termination of a benefit plan, which provided legal services to certain eligible hourly associates represented by the International UAW. As a result of terminating this plan, we recorded a settlement gain of $5.2 million in cost of goods sold in the second quarter of 2012. Recognition of this settlement gain reduced our postretirement benefits and other long-term liabilities by $4.7 million and also reduced our accumulated other comprehensive loss by $0.5 million.
Our regulatory pension funding requirements in 2012 are approximately $35 million. This funding requirement does not include any potential funding relief provided by the July 2012 enactment of the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), or any additional regulatory funding required as a result of the closure of our Detroit Manufacturing Complex and Cheektowaga Manufacturing Facility.
We expect our cash outlay for other postretirement benefit obligations in 2012, net of GM cost sharing, to be approximately $16 million.
10

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

8. | PRODUCT WARRANTIES

We record a liability for estimated warranty obligations at the dates our product are sold. These estimates are established using sales volumes and internal and external warranty data where there is no payment history and historical information about the average cost of warranty claims for customers with prior claims. We adjust our liability as necessary to reflect changes in estimates as additional information is gathered as part of our active management of warranty exposure with our customers.
As part of the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement, AAM agreed to expanded warranty cost sharing with GM, which began on January 1, 2011.
The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in the product warranty liability:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | June 30, |  | June 30,
|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2012 |  | 2011
|  | (in millions)
Beginning balance |  | $ | 16.8 |  |  | $ | 5.3 |  |  | $ | 13.4 |  |  | $ | 2.3 |
Accruals |  | 10.7 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 14.4 |  |  | 6.1 |
Settlements |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.3 | ) |  | (0.4 | ) |  | (0.4 | )
Adjustment to prior period accruals |  | (2.8 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (2.8 | ) |  | — |
Foreign currency translation and other |  | (0.1 | ) |  | 0.1 |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | 0.1 |
Ending balance |  | $ | 24.5 |  |  | $ | 8.1 |  |  | $ | 24.5 |  |  | $ | 8.1 |

9. INCOME TAXES
We are required to adjust our effective tax rate each quarter to consistently estimate our annual effective tax rate. We must also record the tax impact of certain discrete items, unusual or infrequently occurring, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, in the interim period in which they occur. In addition, jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year or a year-to-date loss where no tax benefit can be recognized are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate. The impact of such an exclusion could result in a higher or lower effective tax rate during a particular quarter, based upon the mix and timing of actual earnings versus annual projections.
Income tax expense (benefit) was expense of $1.7 million in the three months ended June 30, 2012 as compared to a benefit of $0.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2011. Our effective income tax rate was 25.9% in the second quarter of 2012 as compared to negative 0.5% in the second quarter of 2011.
Income tax expense (benefit) was expense of $3.9 million in the first six months of 2012 as compared to expense of $1.9 million in the first six months of 2011. Our effective income tax rate was 6.6% in the first six months of 2012 as compared to 2.2% in the first six months of 2011.
Our income tax expense and effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 reflect the effect of recognizing a net operating loss benefit against our taxable income in the U.S. Our income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 also reflects a net tax expense of $1.3 million related to the amendment of state income tax returns as a result of the settlement of federal income tax audits for the tax years 2004 through 2007.
Our income tax expense (benefit) and effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 reflect the effect of recognizing a net operating loss benefit against our taxable income in the U.S. Our income tax expense (benefit) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 also reflects net tax benefits of $2.8 million relating to the favorable resolution of income tax audits and the reversal of state deferred tax liabilities due to newly enacted Michigan tax legislation.
11

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
10. EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS)
The following table sets forth the computation of our basic and diluted EPS:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | June 30, |  | June 30,
|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2012 |  | 2011
|  | (in millions, except per share data)
Numerator |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to AAM |  | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | 49.2 |  |  | $ | 55.9 |  |  | $ | 86.9 |
Denominator |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic shares outstanding - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares outstanding |  | 75.1 |  |  | 75.4 |  |  | 75.1 |  |  | 74.5 |
Effect of dilutive securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dilutive stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |
Dilutive GM warrants |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.7 |
Diluted shares outstanding - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted weighted-average shares after assumed conversions |  | 75.1 |  |  | 75.4 |  |  | 75.1 |  |  | 75.4 |
Basic EPS |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.65 |  |  | $ | 0.74 |  |  | $ | 1.17 |
Diluted EPS |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | 0.65 |  |  | $ | 0.74 |  |  | $ | 1.15 |

Certain exercisable stock options were excluded from the computations of diluted EPS because the exercise price of these options was greater than the average period market prices. The number of stock options outstanding, which were not included in the calculation of diluted EPS, was 3.3 million at June 30, 2012 and 4.1 million at June 30, 2011. The ranges of exercise prices related to the excluded exercisable stock options were $15.58 - $40.83 at June 30, 2012 and $15.56 - $40.83 at June 30, 2011.
As part of the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement, we issued to GM five year warrants, which entitled GM to purchase 4.1 million shares of AAM's common stock at an exercise price of $2.76 per share. In the first quarter of 2011, GM exercised these warrants. In accordance with the cashless exercise option available in the agreement, we issued 3.3 million net shares of common stock to GM.
11. INVESTMENT IN JOINT VENTURES
In the first quarter of 2012, we paid $4.0 million to acquire the remaining shares of e-AAM Driveline Systems AB (e-AAM). e-AAM, previously a joint venture between AAM and Saab Automobile AB (Saab), was created to design and commercialize electric all-wheel-drive (eAWD) systems designed to improve fuel efficiency, reduce CO 2 emissions and provide all-wheel-drive capability.
Under the purchase agreement, Saab's bankruptcy estate sold its minority ownership (33% of the shares) in the joint venture to AAM. e-AAM is now a wholly-owned subsidiary of AAM and continues to be a fully consolidated entity. As a result, AAM has 100% ownership and control of the business operation and will continue the full scope of engineering, developing and commercializing eAWD hybrid driveline systems for passenger cars and crossover vehicles.
12

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
12. CONTINGENCIES
In February 2012, the International UAW filed suit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan, alleging that AAM violated certain provisions of the collective bargaining agreement covering represented hourly associates at the Detroit Manufacturing Complex and Cheektowaga Manufacturing Facility related to pension and postretirement benefits. As a result of the potential impact from the enactment of MAP-21 on this litigation, we recorded an actuarially determined expense of $28.1 million in cost of goods sold in the second quarter of 2012. This charge represents our actuarial estimate of the cost of the pension and postretirement benefits that would have to be provided to eligible UAW associates if the International UAW were to prevail in this litigation.
AAM disputes these claims and continues to defend the lawsuit vigorously. Additional facts and circumstances may continue to develop in the future that could have a significant impact on our estimates, including changes in discount rates and other actuarial assumptions.
13

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
13. SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Holdings has no significant asset other than its 100% ownership in AAM, Inc. and no direct subsidiaries other than AAM, Inc. Holdings fully and unconditionally guarantees the 7.875% Notes and 5.25% Notes, which are senior unsecured obligations of AAM, Inc. The 9.25% Notes are senior secured obligations of AAM Inc. and the 7.75% Notes are senior unsecured obligations of AAM Inc.; both of which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Holdings and substantially all domestic subsidiaries of AAM, Inc.
These Condensed Consolidating Financial Statements are prepared under the equity method of accounting whereby the investments in subsidiaries are recorded at cost and adjusted for the parent’s share of the subsidiaries’ cumulative results of operations, capital contributions and distributions, and other equity changes.

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Holdings |  | AAM Inc. |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Elims |  | Consolidated
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
External |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 182.1 |  |  | $ | 54.8 |  |  | $ | 502.9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 739.8 |
Intercompany |  | — |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | 59.4 |  |  | 6.4 |  |  | (69.6 | ) |  | — |
Total net sales |  | — |  |  | 185.9 |  |  | 114.2 |  |  | 509.3 |  |  | (69.6 | ) |  | 739.8 |
Cost of goods sold |  | — |  |  | 206.4 |  |  | 100.7 |  |  | 416.5 |  |  | (69.6 | ) |  | 654.0 |
Gross profit (loss) |  | — |  |  | (20.5 | ) |  | 13.5 |  |  | 92.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 85.8 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | — |  |  | 46.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 9.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 55.5 |
Operating income (loss) |  | — |  |  | (67.0 | ) |  | 13.5 |  |  | 83.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 30.3 |
Non-operating income (expense), net |  | — |  |  | (24.5 | ) |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | (23.9 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | — |  |  | (91.5 | ) |  | 13.9 |  |  | 84.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 6.4 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.7 |
Earnings (loss) from equity in subsidiaries |  | 4.7 |  |  | 52.0 |  |  | (12.7 | ) |  | — |  |  | (44.0 | ) |  | — |
Net income (loss) before royalties and dividends |  | 4.7 |  |  | (40.7 | ) |  | 1.2 |  |  | 83.5 |  |  | (44.0 | ) |  | 4.7 |
Royalties and dividends |  | — |  |  | 45.4 |  |  | — |  |  | (45.4 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Net income after royalties and dividends |  | 4.7 |  |  | 4.7 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 38.1 |  |  | (44.0 | ) |  | 4.7 |
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net income attributable to AAM |  | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | 1.2 |  |  | $ | 38.1 |  |  | $ | (44.0 | ) |  | $ | 4.7 |
Other comprehensive (loss) |  | (23.2 | ) |  | (23.2 | ) |  | (21.4 | ) |  | (21.8 | ) |  | 66.4 |  |  | (23.2 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to AAM |  | $ | (18.5 | ) |  | $ | (18.5 | ) |  | $ | (20.2 | ) |  | $ | 16.3 |  |  | $ | 22.4 |  |  | $ | (18.5 | )

14

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

|  | Holdings |  | AAM Inc. |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Elims |  | Consolidated
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
External |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 219.3 |  |  | $ | 49.2 |  |  | $ | 417.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 686.2 |
Intercompany |  | — |  |  | 6.4 |  |  | 52.0 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | (60.7 | ) |  | — |
Total net sales |  | — |  |  | 225.7 |  |  | 101.2 |  |  | 420.0 |  |  | (60.7 | ) |  | 686.2 |
Cost of goods sold |  | — |  |  | 203.8 |  |  | 86.3 |  |  | 326.3 |  |  | (60.7 | ) |  | 555.7 |
Gross profit |  | — |  |  | 21.9 |  |  | 14.9 |  |  | 93.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 130.5 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | — |  |  | 48.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 10.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 58.8 |
Operating income (loss) |  | — |  |  | (26.4 | ) |  | 14.9 |  |  | 83.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 71.7 |
Non-operating income (expense), net |  | — |  |  | (25.0 | ) |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | — |  |  | (24.0 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | — |  |  | (51.4 | ) |  | 15.1 |  |  | 84.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 47.7 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | — |  |  | (2.3 | ) |  | — |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | — |  |  | (0.2 | )
Earnings (loss) from equity in subsidiaries |  | 49.2 |  |  | 47.9 |  |  | (6.2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (90.9 | ) |  | — |
Net income (loss) before royalties and dividends |  | 49.2 |  |  | (1.2 | ) |  | 8.9 |  |  | 81.9 |  |  | (90.9 | ) |  | 47.9 |
Royalties and dividends |  | — |  |  | 50.4 |  |  | — |  |  | (50.4 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Net income after royalties and dividends |  | 49.2 |  |  | 49.2 |  |  | 8.9 |  |  | 31.5 |  |  | (90.9 | ) |  | 47.9 |
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.3 |
Net income attributable to AAM |  | $ | 49.2 |  |  | $ | 49.2 |  |  | $ | 8.9 |  |  | $ | 32.8 |  |  | $ | (90.9 | ) |  | $ | 49.2 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 8.6 |  |  | 8.6 |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | 8.6 |  |  | (25.7 | ) |  | 8.6 |
Comprehensive income attributable to AAM |  | $ | 57.8 |  |  | $ | 57.8 |  |  | $ | 17.4 |  |  | $ | 41.4 |  |  | $ | (116.6 | ) |  | $ | 57.8 |

15

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Holdings |  | AAM Inc. |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Elims |  | Consolidated
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
External |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 380.4 |  |  | $ | 109.3 |  |  | $ | 1,001.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,491.3 |
Intercompany |  | — |  |  | 11.4 |  |  | 120.1 |  |  | 12.2 |  |  | (143.7 | ) |  | — |
Total net sales |  | — |  |  | 391.8 |  |  | 229.4 |  |  | 1,013.8 |  |  | (143.7 | ) |  | 1,491.3 |
Cost of goods sold |  | — |  |  | 380.4 |  |  | 200.6 |  |  | 829.0 |  |  | (143.7 | ) |  | 1,266.3 |
Gross profit |  | — |  |  | 11.4 |  |  | 28.8 |  |  | 184.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 225.0 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | — |  |  | 98.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 19.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 117.3 |
Operating income (loss) |  | — |  |  | (86.8 | ) |  | 28.8 |  |  | 165.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 107.7 |
Non-operating income (expense), net |  | — |  |  | (48.8 | ) |  | 1.2 |  |  | (1.2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (48.8 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | — |  |  | (135.6 | ) |  | 30.0 |  |  | 164.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 58.9 |
Income tax expense |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.9 |
Earnings (loss) from equity in subsidiaries |  | 55.9 |  |  | 99.3 |  |  | (26.2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (129.0 | ) |  | — |
Net income (loss) before royalties and dividends |  | 55.9 |  |  | (36.6 | ) |  | 3.8 |  |  | 160.9 |  |  | (129.0 | ) |  | 55.0 |
Royalties and dividends |  | — |  |  | 92.5 |  |  | — |  |  | (92.5 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Net income after royalties and dividends |  | 55.9 |  |  | 55.9 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | 68.4 |  |  | (129.0 | ) |  | 55.0 |
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.9 |
Net income attributable to AAM |  | $ | 55.9 |  |  | $ | 55.9 |  |  | $ | 3.8 |  |  | $ | 69.3 |  |  | $ | (129.0 | ) |  | $ | 55.9 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (20.9 | ) |  | (20.9 | ) |  | (11.3 | ) |  | (6.8 | ) |  | 39.0 |  |  | (20.9 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | (0.2 | ) |  | (0.2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  | 0.4 |  |  | (0.2 | )
Comprehensive income attributable to AAM |  | $ | 34.8 |  |  | $ | 34.8 |  |  | $ | (7.5 | ) |  | $ | 62.3 |  |  | $ | (89.6 | ) |  | $ | 34.8 |

16

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

|  | Holdings |  | AAM Inc. |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Elims |  | Consolidated
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
External |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 414.9 |  |  | $ | 100.2 |  |  | $ | 816.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,331.8 |
Intercompany |  | — |  |  | 12.3 |  |  | 97.0 |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | (114.3 | ) |  | — |
Total net sales |  | — |  |  | 427.2 |  |  | 197.2 |  |  | 821.7 |  |  | (114.3 | ) |  | 1,331.8 |
Cost of goods sold |  | — |  |  | 386.6 |  |  | 169.6 |  |  | 644.0 |  |  | (114.3 | ) |  | 1,085.9 |
Gross profit |  | — |  |  | 40.6 |  |  | 27.6 |  |  | 177.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 245.9 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | — |  |  | 96.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 19.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 115.5 |
Operating income (loss) |  | — |  |  | (55.4 | ) |  | 27.6 |  |  | 158.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 130.4 |
Non-operating income (expense), net |  | — |  |  | (47.0 | ) |  | 0.6 |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | — |  |  | (44.0 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | — |  |  | (102.4 | ) |  | 28.2 |  |  | 160.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 86.4 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | — |  |  | (2.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.9 |
Earnings (loss) from equity in subsidiaries |  | 86.9 |  |  | 87.9 |  |  | (17.5 | ) |  | — |  |  | (157.3 | ) |  | — |
Net income (loss) before royalties and dividends |  | 86.9 |  |  | (12.5 | ) |  | 10.7 |  |  | 156.7 |  |  | (157.3 | ) |  | 84.5 |
Royalties and dividends |  | — |  |  | 99.4 |  |  | — |  |  | (99.4 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Net income after royalties and dividends |  | 86.9 |  |  | 86.9 |  |  | 10.7 |  |  | 57.3 |  |  | (157.3 | ) |  | 84.5 |
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.4 |
Net income attributable to AAM |  | $ | 86.9 |  |  | $ | 86.9 |  |  | $ | 10.7 |  |  | $ | 59.7 |  |  | $ | (157.3 | ) |  | $ | 86.9 |
Other comprehensive income |  | 18.1 |  |  | 18.1 |  |  | 13.3 |  |  | 13.5 |  |  | (44.9 | ) |  | 18.1 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | (0.8 | ) |  | (0.8 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.8 | ) |  | 1.6 |  |  | (0.8 | )
Comprehensive income attributable to AAM |  | $ | 104.2 |  |  | $ | 104.2 |  |  | $ | 24.0 |  |  | $ | 72.4 |  |  | $ | (200.6 | ) |  | $ | 104.2 |

17

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Holdings |  | AAM Inc. |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Elims |  | Consolidated
June 30, 2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22.4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 62.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 85.2 |
Accounts receivable, net |  | — |  |  | 106.2 |  |  | 28.0 |  |  | 340.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 474.2 |
Inventories, net |  | — |  |  | 43.6 |  |  | 30.6 |  |  | 134.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 208.5 |
Other current assets |  | — |  |  | 22.5 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 69.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 93.7 |
Total current assets |  | — |  |  | 194.7 |  |  | 60.0 |  |  | 606.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 861.6 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  | — |  |  | 261.6 |  |  | 83.7 |  |  | 645.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 990.3 |
Goodwill |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 147.8 |  |  | 8.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 155.9 |
Other assets and deferred charges |  | — |  |  | 318.0 |  |  | 38.5 |  |  | 76.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 433.4 |
Investment in subsidiaries |  | — |  |  | 1,109.5 |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,114.1 | ) |  | — |
Total assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,883.8 |  |  | $ | 334.6 |  |  | $ | 1,336.9 |  |  | $ | (1,114.1 | ) |  | $ | 2,441.2 |
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 103.9 |  |  | $ | 45.8 |  |  | $ | 289.9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 439.6 |
Other current liabilities |  | — |  |  | 162.2 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | 86.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 252.3 |
Total current liabilities |  | — |  |  | 266.1 |  |  | 49.6 |  |  | 376.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 691.9 |
Intercompany payable (receivable) |  | 326.6 |  |  | (350.4 | ) |  | 270.9 |  |  | (247.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Long-term debt |  | — |  |  | 1,129.2 |  |  | 5.8 |  |  | 39.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,174.3 |
Investment in subsidiaries obligation |  | 68.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (68.1 | ) |  | — |
Other long-term liabilities |  | — |  |  | 907.0 |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 59.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 969.7 |
Total liabilities |  | 394.7 |  |  | 1,951.9 |  |  | 329.9 |  |  | 227.5 |  |  | (68.1 | ) |  | 2,835.9 |
Total AAM Stockholders’ equity (deficit) |  | (394.7 | ) |  | (68.1 | ) |  | 4.7 |  |  | 1,109.4 |  |  | (1,046.0 | ) |  | (394.7 | )
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) |  | (394.7 | ) |  | (68.1 | ) |  | 4.7 |  |  | 1,109.4 |  |  | (1,046.0 | ) |  | (394.7 | )
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,883.8 |  |  | $ | 334.6 |  |  | $ | 1,336.9 |  |  | $ | (1,114.1 | ) |  | $ | 2,441.2 |

18

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

|  | Holdings |  | AAM Inc. |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Elims |  | Consolidated
December 31, 2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 83.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 85.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 169.2 |
Accounts receivable, net |  | — |  |  | 77.1 |  |  | 23.3 |  |  | 232.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 333.3 |
Inventories, net |  | — |  |  | 48.2 |  |  | 35.3 |  |  | 93.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 177.2 |
Other current assets |  | — |  |  | 26.5 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 55.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 83.4 |
Total current assets |  | — |  |  | 235.5 |  |  | 60.3 |  |  | 467.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 763.1 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  | — |  |  | 260.4 |  |  | 84.6 |  |  | 626.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 971.2 |
Goodwill |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 147.8 |  |  | 8.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 155.9 |
Other assets and deferred charges |  | — |  |  | 327.2 |  |  | 35.8 |  |  | 75.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 438.5 |
Investment in subsidiaries |  | — |  |  | 1,015.2 |  |  | 26.6 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,041.8 | ) |  | — |
Total assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,838.3 |  |  | $ | 355.1 |  |  | $ | 1,177.1 |  |  | $ | (1,041.8 | ) |  | $ | 2,328.7 |
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 96.3 |  |  | $ | 41.0 |  |  | $ | 199.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 337.1 |
Other current liabilities |  | — |  |  | 155.1 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 80.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 239.0 |
Total current liabilities |  | — |  |  | 251.4 |  |  | 44.0 |  |  | 280.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 576.1 |
Intercompany payable (receivable) |  | 320.7 |  |  | (368.6 | ) |  | 289.0 |  |  | (241.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Long-term debt |  | — |  |  | 1,128.9 |  |  | 5.9 |  |  | 45.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,180.2 |
Investment in subsidiaries obligation |  | 104.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (104.8 | ) |  | — |
Other long-term liabilities |  | — |  |  | 931.4 |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 57.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 992.0 |
Total liabilities |  | 425.5 |  |  | 1,943.1 |  |  | 342.5 |  |  | 142.0 |  |  | (104.8 | ) |  | 2,748.3 |
Total AAM Stockholders’ equity (deficit) |  | (425.5 | ) |  | (104.8 | ) |  | 12.6 |  |  | 1,029.2 |  |  | (937.0 | ) |  | (425.5 | )
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 5.9 |
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) |  | (425.5 | ) |  | (104.8 | ) |  | 12.6 |  |  | 1,035.1 |  |  | (937.0 | ) |  | (419.6 | )
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,838.3 |  |  | $ | 355.1 |  |  | $ | 1,177.1 |  |  | $ | (1,041.8 | ) |  | $ | 2,328.7 |

19

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Holdings |  | AAM Inc. |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Elims |  | Consolidated
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (51.9 | ) |  | $ | 32.4 |  |  | $ | 44.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24.6 |
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment |  | — |  |  | (25.2 | ) |  | (4.2 | ) |  | (63.5 | ) |  | — |  |  | (92.9 | )
Proceeds from sale of equipment |  | — |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | — |  |  | (24.8 | ) |  | (4.2 | ) |  | (62.7 | ) |  | — |  |  | (91.7 | )
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net debt activity |  | — |  |  | (1.7 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (5.5 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7.3 | )
Intercompany activity |  | 5.9 |  |  | 17.0 |  |  | (28.1 | ) |  | 5.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Purchase of noncontrolling interest |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4.0 | )
Employee stock option exercises |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |
Purchase of treasury stock |  | (5.9 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5.9 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | — |  |  | 15.4 |  |  | (28.2 | ) |  | (4.3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (17.1 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  | — |  |  | (61.3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (22.7 | ) |  | — |  |  | (84.0 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  | — |  |  | 83.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 85.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 169.2 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22.4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 62.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 85.2 |

20

AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

|  | Holdings |  | AAM Inc. |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Elims |  | Consolidated
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 27.9 |  |  | $ | 88.4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 116.5 |
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment |  | — |  |  | (16.5 | ) |  | (1.8 | ) |  | (53.3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (71.6 | )
Proceeds from sale of equipment |  | — |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 6.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 7.8 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | — |  |  | (15.1 | ) |  | (1.7 | ) |  | (47.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | (63.8 | )
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net debt activity |  | (42.9 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (4.4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (47.4 | )
Intercompany activity |  | 43.0 |  |  | 10.0 |  |  | (26.1 | ) |  | (26.9 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Debt issuance costs |  | — |  |  | (5.3 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5.3 | )
Employee stock option exercises |  | — |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4.6 |
Purchase of treasury stock |  | (0.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | — |  |  | 9.3 |  |  | (26.2 | ) |  | (31.3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (48.2 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  | — |  |  | (5.6 | ) |  | — |  |  | 11.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 5.7 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  | — |  |  | 67.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 177.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 244.6 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 62.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 188.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 250.3 |

21

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A) should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.
Unless the context otherwise requires, references to "we," "our," "us" or "AAM" shall mean collectively (i) American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc. (Holdings), a Delaware corporation, and (ii) American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. (AAM, Inc.), a Delaware corporation, and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. Holdings has no subsidiaries other than AAM, Inc.
COMPANY OVERVIEW
We are a Tier I supplier to the automotive industry. We manufacture, engineer, design and validate driveline and drivetrain systems and related components and chassis modules for light trucks, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), passenger cars, crossover vehicles and commercial vehicles. Driveline and drivetrain systems include components that transfer power from the transmission and deliver it to the drive wheels. Our driveline, drivetrain and related products include axles, chassis modules, driveshafts, power transfer units, transfer cases, chassis and steering components, driveheads, transmission parts and metal-formed products. In addition to locations in the United States (U.S.) (Michigan, Ohio, Indiana and Pennsylvania), we also have offices or facilities in Brazil, China, Germany, India, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, Poland, Scotland, South Korea, Sweden and Thailand.
We are the principal supplier of driveline components to General Motors Company (GM) for its rear-wheel drive (RWD) light trucks and SUVs manufactured in North America, supplying substantially all of GM’s rear axle and front four-wheel drive and all-wheel drive (4WD/AWD) axle requirements for these vehicle platforms. Sales to GM were approximately 74% of our total net sales in the first six months of 2012 as compared to 73% for both the first six months and the full year 2011.
We are the sole-source supplier to GM for certain axles and other driveline products for the life of each GM vehicle program covered by a Lifetime Program Contract (LPC). Substantially all of our sales to GM are made pursuant to the LPCs. The LPCs have terms equal to the lives of the relevant vehicle programs or their respective derivatives, which typically run 5 to 7 years, and require us to remain competitive with respect to technology, design and quality.
We are also the principal supplier of driveline system products for the Chrysler Group LLC’s (Chrysler) heavy-duty Dodge Ram full-size pickup trucks and its derivatives. Sales to Chrysler were approximately 9% of our total net sales in the first six months of 2012 and 2011 and 8% for the full-year 2011. In addition to GM and Chrysler, we supply driveline systems and other related components to Volkswagen AG, Audi AG, Scania AB, Mack Trucks Inc., PACCAR Inc., Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Harley-Davidson Inc., Tata Motors, Ford Motor Company, Deere & Company and other original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and Tier I supplier companies. Our net sales to customers other than GM increased 8.5% to $391.8 million in the first six months of 2012 as compared to $361.1 million in the first six months of 2011.
22

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS –– THREE MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2012 AS COMPARED TO THREE MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2011
Net Sales Net sales increased to $739.8 million in the second quarter of 2012 as compared to $686.2 million in the second quarter of 2011. This increase reflects the improvement in both general economic conditions and market conditions in the automotive industry.
Our content-per-vehicle (as measured by the dollar value of our products supporting our customers' North American light truck and SUV programs) was $1,439 in the second quarter of 2012 as compared to $1,504 in the second quarter of 2011. The decrease in content-per-vehicle is due to a reduction in deferred revenue recognition related to the 2008 AAM - GM Agreement and lower four-wheel drive penetration in our customers' North American light truck and SUV programs. Our 4WD/AWD penetration rate on these vehicle programs was 61.1% in the second quarter of 2012 as compared to 63.6% in the second quarter of 2011.
Gross Profit Gross profit was $85.8 million in the second quarter of 2012 as compared to $130.5 million in the second quarter of 2011. Gross margin was 11.6% in the second quarter of 2012 as compared to 19.0% in the second quarter of 2011.
The change in gross profit and gross margin in the second quarter of 2012, as compared to the second quarter of 2011, reflects the adverse impact of $36.3 million of special charges and other restructuring costs related to the closure of our Detroit Manufacturing Complex (DMC) and Cheektowaga Manufacturing Facility (CKMF). These special charges include $28.1 million of expense for a contingency related to a claim made by the International UAW for pension and postretirement benefits. The change in gross profit and gross margin in the second quarter of 2012, as compared to the second quarter of 2011, also reflects the impact of increased freight and material cost and higher warranty accruals, which was partially offset by a $5.2 million settlement gain related to the termination of our UAW Legal Services Plan.
Gross profit in the second quarter of 2011 includes a $6.1 million gain related to the sale of equipment that we had previously written down to its estimated fair value as a result of asset impairments.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A) SG&A (including research and development (R&D)) decreased to $55.5 million or 7.5% of net sales in the second quarter of 2012 as compared to $58.8 million or 8.6% of net sales in the second quarter of 2011. R&D was $28.8 million in the second quarter of 2012 as compared to $27.3 million in the second quarter of 2011. The decrease in SG&A in the second quarter of 2012 primarily reflects lower incentive compensation accruals and stock-based compensation expense, which was partially offset by increased R&D spending.
Operating Income Operating income was $30.3 million in the second quarter of 2012 as compared to $71.7 million in the second quarter of 2011. Operating margin was 4.1% in the second quarter of 2012 as compared to 10.4% in the second quarter of 2011. The changes in operating income and operating margin were due to factors discussed in Gross Profit and SG&A above.
Interest Expense and Investment Income Interest expense was $23.4 million in the second quarter of 2012 as compared to $20.5 million in the second quarter of 2011. The increase in interest expense reflects higher average outstanding borrowings in the second quarter of 2012 as compared to the second quarter of 2011. Investment income was $0.1 million in the second quarter of 2012 as compared to $0.3 million in the second quarter of 2011.
The weighted-average interest rate of our long-term debt outstanding was 7.9% in the second quarter of 2012 and 8.2% in the second quarter of 2011.
Other Expense Following are the components of other expense for the second quarter of 2012 and 2011:
Debt refinancing and redemption costs In the second quarter of 2011, we expensed $3.1 million of unamortized debt issuance costs, discount and prepayment premiums related to the voluntary prepayment of 10% of our 9.25% Notes and the termination of our Second Lien Term Loan with GM.
Other expense, net Other expense, which includes the net effect of our proportionate share of earnings from equity in unconsolidated subsidiaries and foreign exchange gains and losses, was $0.6 million in the second quarter of 2012 and $0.7 million in the second quarter of 2011.
23

Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Income tax expense (benefit) was expense of $1.7 million in the second quarter of 2012 as compared to a benefit of $0.2 million in the second quarter of 2011. Our effective income tax rate was 25.9% in the second quarter of 2012 as compared to negative 0.5% in the second quarter of 2011.
Our income tax expense and effective tax rate for the second quarter of 2012 reflect the effect of recognizing a net operating loss benefit against our taxable income in the U.S. Our income tax expense for the second quarter of 2012 also reflects a net tax expense of $1.3 million related to the amendment of state income tax returns as a result of the settlement of federal income tax audits for the tax years 2004 through 2007. Our income tax expense (benefit) and effective tax rate for the second quarter of 2011 reflects the effect of recognizing a net operating loss benefit against our taxable income in the U.S. Our income tax expense (benefit) for the second quarter of 2011 also reflects net tax benefits of $2.8 million relating to the favorable resolution of income tax audits and the reversal of state deferred tax liabilities due to newly enacted Michigan tax legislation.
In accordance with accounting guidance for income taxes, we estimate whether recoverability of our deferred tax assets is "more likely than not," based on forecasts of taxable income in the related tax jurisdictions. If, in the future, we generate taxable income on a sustained basis in the U.S. or in foreign jurisdictions for which we have recorded valuation allowances, our current estimate of the recoverability of our deferred tax assets could change and result in the future reversal of some or all of the valuation allowances. Our current low effective tax rate is primarily the result of our valuation allowance against deferred tax assets. Sustained levels of profitability are expected to lead to a reversal of the majority of our valuation allowance, which could occur as early as the fourth quarter of 2012.
Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling interests Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests was $1.3 million in the second quarter of 2011. The decrease in net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests relates to AAM's acquisition of the noncontrolling interest in e-AAM in the first quarter of 2012. There is no longer an allocation of net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests related to this entity.
Net Income Attributable to AAM and Earnings Per Share (EPS) Net income attributable to AAM was $4.7 million in the second quarter of 2012 as compared to $49.2 million in the second quarter of 2011. Diluted EPS was $0.06 in the second quarter of 2012 as compared to $0.65 in the second quarter of 2011. Net income attributable to AAM and EPS for the second quarters of 2012 and 2011 were primarily impacted by the factors discussed in Net Sales, Gross Profit and SG&A above.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS –– SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2012 AS COMPARED TO SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2011
Net Sales Net sales increased to $1,491.3 million in the first six months of 2012 as compared to $1,331.8 million in the first six months of 2011. As compared to the first six months of 2011, our sales in the first six months of 2012 reflect an increase of approximately 7% in production volumes for the major North American light truck and SUV programs we currently support. These increases reflect the improvement in both general economic conditions and market conditions in the automotive industry.
Our content-per-vehicle (as measured by the dollar value of our products supporting our customers' North American light truck and SUV programs) was $1,457 in the first six months of 2012 as compared to $1,491 in the first six months of 2011. The decrease in content-per-vehicle is due to a reduction in deferred revenue recognition related to the 2008 AAM - GM Agreement and lower four-wheel drive penetration in our customers' North American light truck and SUV programs. Our 4WD/AWD penetration rate was 62.9% in the first six months of 2012 as compared to 63.7% in the first six months of 2011.
Gross Profit Gross profit was $225.0 million in the first six months of 2012 as compared to $245.9 million in the first six months of 2011. Gross margin was 15.1% in the first six months of 2012 as compared to 18.5% in the first six months of 2011.
The change in gross profit in the first six months of 2012 as compared to the first six months of 2011 primarily reflects the adverse impact of special charges of $28.1 million of expense for a contingency related to a claim made by the International UAW for pension and postretirement bene fits, $24.2 million of expense primarily related to asset redeployment and other restructuring costs associated with the closure of DMC and CKMF and a $21.8 million OPEB curtailment gain recorded as a result of the DMC and CKMF hourly associates who have terminated employment from AAM as a result of our plant closures. The change in gross profit and gross margin in the first six months of 2012, as compared to the first six months of 2011, also reflects the impact of increased freight and material cost and higher warranty accruals, which was partially offset by a $5.2 million settlement gain related to the termination of our UAW Legal Services Plan.
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Gross profit in the first six months of 2011 includes the adverse impact of the implementation of certain provisions of the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement with GM. These provisions were effective January 1, 2011 and, among other things, include expanded warranty cost sharing and product price-downs. Gross profit in the first six months of 2011 also includes a $6.1 million gain related to the sale of equipment that we had previously written down to its estimated fair value as a result of asset impairments.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A) SG&A (including research and development (R&D)) was $117.3 million or 7.9% of net sales in the first six months of 2012 as compared to $115.5 million or 8.7% of net sales in the first six months of 2011. R&D was $58.9 million in the first six months of 2012 as compared to $53.6 million in the first six months of 2011. The increase in SG&A in the first six months of 2012 primarily reflects increased R&D spending and increases in our salaried workforce to support worldwide growth, which is partially offset by lower incentive compensation accruals and stock-based compensation expense.
Operating Income Operating income was $107.7 million in the first six months of 2012 as compared to $130.4 million in the first six months of 2011. Operating margin was 7.2% in the first six months of 2012 as compared to 9.8% in the first six months of 2011. The changes in operating income and operating margin were due to factors discussed in Gross Profit and SG&A above.
Interest Expense and Investment Income Interest expense was $47.4 million in the first six months of 2012 as compared to $41.8 million in the first six months of 2011. The increase in interest expense reflects higher average outstanding borrowings in the first six months of 2012 as compared to the first six months of 2011. Investment income was $0.4 million in the first six months of 2012 as compared to $0.6 million in the first six months of 2011.
The weighted-average interest rate of our long-term debt outstanding was 7.9% in the first six months of 2012 and 8.2% in the first six months of 2011.
Other Income (Expense) Following are the components of Other Income (Expense) for the first six months of 2012 and 2011:
Debt refinancing and redemption costs In the first six months of 2011, we expensed $3.1 million of unamortized debt issuance costs, discount and prepayment premiums related to the voluntary prepayment of $42.5 million of our 9.25% Notes and the termination of our Second Lien Term Loan with GM.
Other Income (Expense), net Other income (expense), net, which includes the net effect of our proportionate share of earnings from equity in unconsolidated subsidiaries and foreign exchange gains and losses, was expense of $1.8 million in the first six months of 2012 as compared to income of $0.3 million in the first six months of 2011.
Income Tax Expense Income tax expense was $3.9 million in the first six months of 2012 as compared to $1.9 million in the first six months of 2011. Our effective income tax rate was 6.6% in the first six months of 2012 as compared to 2.2% in the first six months of 2011.
Our income tax expense and effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2012 reflect the effect of recognizing a net operating loss benefit against our taxable income in the U.S. Our income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2012 also reflects a net tax expense of $1.3 million related to the amendment of state income tax returns as a result of the settlement of federal income tax audits for the tax years 2004 through 2007. Our income tax expense (benefit) and effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2011 reflects the effect of recognizing a net operating loss benefit against our taxable income in the U.S. Our income tax expense (benefit) for the six months ended June 30, 2011 also reflects net tax benefits of $2.8 million relating to the favorable resolution of income tax audits and the reversal of state deferred tax liabilities due to newly enacted Michigan tax legislation.
In accordance with accounting guidance for income taxes, we estimate whether recoverability of our deferred tax assets is "more likely than not," based on forecasts of taxable income in the related tax jurisdictions. If, in the future, we generate taxable income on a sustained basis in the U.S. or in foreign jurisdictions for which we have recorded valuation allowances, our current estimate of the recoverability of our deferred tax assets could change and result in the future reversal of some or all of the valuation allowances. Our current low effective tax rate is primarily the result of our valuation allowance against deferred tax assets. Sustained levels of profitability are expected to lead to a reversal of the majority of our valuation allowance, which could occur as early as the fourth quarter of 2012.
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Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests was $0.9 million in the first six months of 2012 and $2.4 million in the first six months of 2011. The decrease is attributable to the acquisition of the noncontrolling interest in e-AAM in the first quarter of 2012. There is no longer an allocation of net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests related to this entity.
Net Income Attributable to AAM and Earnings Per Share (EPS) Net income attributable to AAM was $55.9 million in the first six months of 2012 as compared to $86.9 million in the first six months of 2011. Diluted earnings per share was $0.74 in the first six months of 2012 as compared to $1.15 in the first six months of 2011. Net income attributable to AAM and EPS for the first six months of 2012 and 2011 were primarily impacted by the factors discussed in Net Sales, Gross Profit and SG&A.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our primary liquidity needs are to fund capital expenditures, debt service obligations, employee benefit plan obligations and our working capital requirements. We believe that operating cash flow, available cash and cash equivalent balances and available committed borrowing capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet these needs.
Operating Activities In the first six months of 2012, net cash provided by operating activities was $24.6 million as compared to $116.5 million in the first six months of 2011. The following factors impacted cash provided by operating activities in the first six months of 2012 as compared to the first six months of 2011:
Standardization of payment terms As a result of a change in the administration of GM supplier payment terms, our operating cash flow was negatively impacted by approximately $28 million in the first half of 2012.
Cash paid for special charges In the first six months of 2012, we made cash payments of $33.2 million for special charges primarily related to asset redeployment and other costs associated with the closure of DMC and CKMF. In the first six months of 2011, we made cash payments of $4.1 million which primarily related to leased assets that were permanently idled. We expect to make payments of approximately $3.5 million during the remainder of 2012 related to special charges and our restructuring reserve.
Interest paid Interest paid in the first six months of 2012 was $43.1 million as compared to $38.2 million in the first six months of 2011. The increase primarily relates to higher average outstanding borrowings in the first six months of 2012 as compared to the first six months of 2011.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits (OPEB) We contributed $10.6 million to our pension trusts in the first half of 2012, as compared to $8.0 million in the first half of 2011. Our regulatory pension funding requirement in 2012 is approximately $35 million. This funding requirement does not include any potential funding relief provided by the July 2012 enactment of the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), or any additional regulatory funding required as a result of the closure of our Detroit Manufacturing Complex and Cheektowaga Manufacturing Facility.
We expect our cash outlay for other postretirement benefit obligations in 2012, net of GM cost sharing, to be approximately $16 million.
Investing Activities Capital expenditures were $92.9 million in the first six months of 2012 as compared to $71.6 million in the first six months of 2011. We expect our capital spending in 2012 to be in the range of 6.0% to 6.5% of sales, which includes support for our significant global program launches in 2012 and 2013 within our new business backlog.
In the first six months of 2012, we received $1.2 million of proceeds related to the sale of property, plant and equipment.
Financing Activities In the first six months of 2012, net cash used in financing activities was $17.1 million as compared to $48.2 million in the first six months of 2011. Total long-term debt outstanding decreased $5.9 million in the first six months of 2012 to $1,174.3 million as compared to $1,180.2 million at year-end 2011, primarily as a result of the net impact of borrowings and repayments on our foreign credit facilities.
In the first six months of 2011, we voluntarily redeemed 10% of our 9.25% Notes outstanding at a redemption price of 103% of the principal amount. This resulted in a principal payment of $42.5 million and a $1.3 million payment for the redemption premium, as well as a payment related to accrued interest. Upon repayment, we expensed $1.4 million for the write off of a proportional amount of unamortized debt discount and issuance costs related to this debt. We had been amortizing the debt issuance costs and debt discount over the expected life of the borrowing.
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Pursuant to the terms of our 9.25% Notes, we now have the right to voluntarily redeem an additional 10% of our 9.25% Notes, or $42.5 million, at a price of 103% of par.
As of June 30, 2012, the Revolving Credit Facility provided up to $86.8 million of revolving bank financing commitments through June 2013 and $235.0 million of additional revolving bank financing commitments through June 30, 2016.
At June 30, 2012, we had $296.9 million available under the Revolving Credit Facility. This availability reflects a reduction of $24.9 million for standby letters of credit issued against the facility. We also utilize foreign credit facilities and uncommitted lines of credit to finance working capital needs. At June 30, 2012, $39.3 million was outstanding under these facilities with additional availability of $32.6 million.
We paid debt issuance costs of $5.3 million in the first six months of 2011 related to the amendments and restatements of our Revolving Credit Agreement in 2011.
In the first six months of 2012, we paid $4.0 million to acquire the remaining shares of e-AAM Driveline Systems AB (e-AAM). e-AAM, previously a joint venture between AAM and Saab Automobile AB, was created to design and commercialize electric all-wheel-drive (eAWD) systems designed to improve fuel efficiency, reduce CO2 emissions and provide all-wheel-drive capability.
In the first six months of 2012, we repurchased 0.5 million shares of AAM common stock for $5.9 million to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations due upon the vesting of our 2007 and 2009 restricted stock grants.
We received $0.1 million in the first six months of 2012 related to the exercise of employee stock options.
CYCLICALITY AND SEASONALITY
Our operations are cyclical because they are directly related to worldwide automotive production, which is itself cyclical and dependent on general economic conditions and other factors. Our business is also moderately seasonal as our major OEM customers historically have an extended shutdown of operations (typically 1-2 weeks) in conjunction with their model year changeover and an approximate one-week shutdown in December. Accordingly, our quarterly results may reflect these trends.
LITIGATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
We are involved in various legal proceedings incidental to our business. Although the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that any of these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
We are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign environmental and occupational safety and health laws, regulations and ordinances, including those regulating air emissions, water discharge, waste management and environmental cleanup. We will continue to closely monitor our environmental conditions to ensure that we are in compliance with all laws, regulations and ordinances. We have made, and will continue to make, capital and other expenditures (including recurring administrative costs) to comply with environmental requirements. Such expenditures were not significant in the second quarter of 2012, and we do not expect such expenditures to be significant for the remainder of 2012.
In February 2012, the International UAW filed suit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan, alleging that AAM violated certain provisions of the collective bargaining agreement covering represented hourly associates at the Detroit Manufacturing Complex and Cheektowaga Manufacturing Facility related to pension and postretirement benefits. As a result of the potential impact from the enactment of MAP-21 on this litigation, we recorded an actuarially determined expense of $28.1 million in cost of goods sold in the second quarter of 2012. This charge represents our actuarial estimate of the cost of the pension and postretirement benefits that would have to be provided to eligible UAW associates if the International UAW were to prevail in this litigation.
AAM disputes these claims and continues to defend the lawsuit vigorously. Additional facts and circumstances may continue to develop in the future that could have a significant impact on our estimates, including changes in discount rates and other actuarial assumptions.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
MARKET RISK
Our business and financial results are affected by fluctuations in world financial markets, including interest rates and currency exchange rates. Our hedging policy has been developed to manage these risks to an acceptable level based on management’s judgment of the appropriate trade-off between risk, opportunity and cost. We do not hold financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Currency Exchange Risk From time to time, we use foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the effects of fluctuations in exchange rates, primarily relating to the Mexican Peso, Euro, Pound Sterling and Brazilian Real. At June 30, 2012, we had currency forward contracts with a notional amount of $54.8 million outstanding. The potential decrease in fair value of foreign exchange contracts, assuming a 10% adverse change in the foreign currency exchange rates, would be approximately $5.0 million at June 30, 2012.
Future business operations and opportunities, including the expansion of our business outside North America, may further increase the risk that cash flows resulting from these activities may be adversely affected by changes in currency exchange rates. If and when appropriate, we intend to manage these risks by utilizing local currency funding of these expansions and various types of foreign exchange contracts.
Interest Rate Risk We are exposed to variable interest rates on certain credit facilities. From time to time, we have used interest rate hedging to reduce the effects of fluctuations in market interest rates. As of June 30, 2012, there are no interest rate swaps in place. The pre-tax earnings and cash flow impact of a one-percentage-point increase in interest rates (approximately 12% of our weighted-average interest rate at June 30, 2012) on our long-term debt outstanding at June 30, 2012 would be approximately $0.3 million on an annualized basis.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Under the direction of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting and concluded that (1) our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) were effective as of June 30, 2012, and (2) no change in internal control over financial reporting occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2012 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There were no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our December 31, 2011 Form 10-K.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
In the second quarter of 2012, we withheld and repurchased shares of AAM stock to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations due upon the vesting of restricted stock. The following table provides information about our equity security purchases during the quarter ended June, 30, 2012:
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Period |  | Total Number of Shares (Or Units) Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) |  | Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
April 1 - April 30, 2012 |  | 2,180 |  |  | $ | 10.65 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
May 1 - May 31, 2012 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
June 1 - June 30, 2012 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | 2,180 |  |  | $ | 10.65 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

Item 5. Other Information
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan Amendment On July 26, 2012, the Board of Directors of American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. approved and adopted certain amendments to the American Axle & Manufacturing, inc. Supplemental Executive Retirement Program (the “Plan”) effective August 1, 2012. The Plan is a defined benefit supplemental executive retirement plan that provides retirement benefits to supplement the amounts eligible employees receive from the frozen AAM Retirement Program for Salaried Employees and the AAM Salaried Savings (401(k)) Plan.
The Plan was amended in order to implement actuarial increases for participants who remain employed after reaching age 65, update certain defined terms related to benefit calculations, add a forfeiture provision in the event a participant is terminated for Cause (as defined in the Plan), and incorporate interim amendments to the Plan since the 2007 Plan restatement. The Plan, as amended and restated effective August 1, 2012, is attached as Exhibit 10.37.
Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed in the Exhibit Index.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.
(Registrant)
/s/ Michael K. Simonte
Michael K. Simonte
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
(also in the capacity of Chief Accounting Officer)
July 27, 2012
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EXHIBIT INDEX

Number |  | Description of Exhibit
*10.37 |  | American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. Amended and Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Program Plan Document
*31.1 |  | Certification of Richard E. Dauch, Co-Founder, Chairman of the Board & Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act
*31.2 |  | Certification of Michael K. Simonte, Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act
*32 |  | Certifications of Richard E. Dauch, Co-Founder, Chairman of the Board & Chief Executive Officer and Michael K. Simonte, Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
**101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document
**101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
**101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
**101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
**101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
**101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

* Filed herewith
** Submitted electronically with this Report.
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