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Organization and Basis of Presentation | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2012
Organization and Basis of Presentation [Abstract] |
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] |
1. | ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
ORGANIZATION American Axle & Manufacturing Holdings, Inc. (Holdings) and its subsidiaries (collectively, we, our, us or AAM) is a Tier I supplier to the automotive industry. We manufacture, engineer, design and validate driveline and drivetrain systems and related components and chassis modules for light trucks, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), passenger cars, crossover vehicles and commercial vehicles. Driveline and drivetrain systems include components that transfer power from the transmission and deliver it to the drive wheels. Our driveline, drivetrain and related products include axles, chassis modules, driveshafts, power transfer units, transfer cases, chassis and steering components, driveheads, transmission parts and metal-formed products. In addition to locations in the United States (U.S.) (Michigan, Ohio, Indiana and Pennsylvania), we also have offices or facilities in Brazil, China, Germany, India, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, Poland, Scotland, South Korea, Sweden and Thailand. PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION We include the accounts of Holdings and its subsidiaries in our consolidated financial statements. We eliminate the effects of all intercompany transactions, balances and profits in our consolidation. REVENUE RECOGNITION We recognize revenue when products are shipped to our customers and title transfers under standard commercial terms or when realizable in accordance with our commercial agreements. If we are uncertain as to whether we will be successful collecting a balance in accordance with our understanding of a commercial agreement, we do not recognize the revenue or cost recovery until such time as the uncertainty is removed. In the third quarter of 2009, we entered into a settlement and commercial agreement (2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement) with General Motors Company (GM). As part of this agreement, we received $110.0 million from GM, of which we recorded $79.7 million as deferred revenue. As of December 31, 2012, our deferred revenue related to the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement is $53.4 million, $8.0 million of which is classified as a current liability and $45.4 million of which is recorded as a noncurrent liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. We recognize this deferred revenue into revenue on a straight-line basis over 120 months, which ends September 2019 and is the period that we expect GM to benefit under the 2009 Settlement and Commercial Agreement. We recognized revenue of $8.0 million, in 2012, 2011 and 2010 related to this agreement. In the second quarter of 2008, we entered into an agreement with GM to provide financial assistance to support the transition of our United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW) represented legacy labor at our original U.S. locations upon the resolution of the strike called by the International UAW (2008 AAM - GM Agreement). Pursuant to this agreement, GM provided us $115.0 million in 2008 and $60.0 million in 2009. In total, we recorded deferred revenue of $213.7 million as a result of the 2008 AAM - GM Agreement, which included $38.7 million related to the fair value of the liability GM assumed for postretirement healthcare and life insurance coverage provided to UAW represented transitioned associates with earned credited service from AAM that have or will retire under plans operated by GM. We recognized this deferred revenue into revenue on a straight-line basis over a 45 month period, which ended February 2012 and was consistent with the period that we expected GM to benefit from the payments provided to us under the 2008 AAM - GM Agreement. We recognized $9.5 million of revenue in 2012 and $57.0 million of revenue in both 2011 and 2010 related to the 2008 AAM - GM Agreement. As of December 31, 2012, we have fully recognized the deferred revenue related to the 2008 AAM - GM Agreement. As of December 31, 2012, the majority of the remaining deferred revenue primarily relates to customer payments to implement capacity programs, which is generally recognized into revenue over the life of these programs. We recognized $13.1 million, $15.6 million and $12.5 million of revenue for these programs in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. BUYDOWN PROGRAM In 2008, an involuntary Buydown Program (BDP) was initiated for associates that did not elect to participate in the Special Separation Program (SSP) and continued employment with AAM. Under the BDP, we agreed to make three annual lump-sum payments to associates in connection with, among other things, a base wage decrease. We made the third and final lump-sum BDP payment of $19.7 million in 2010. We recorded $2.3 million, $15.0 million and $15.6 million of expense in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, for the amortization of this prepaid asset, which we had been amortizing over the period that we estimated that AAM would benefit from these payments, which ended in February 2012. As of December 31, 2012, we have fully amortized the asset related to these BDP payments. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D) COSTS We expense R&D, as incurred, in selling, general and administrative expenses on our Consolidated Statement of Income. R&D spending was $123.4 million, $113.6 million and $82.5 million in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS Cash and cash equivalents include all cash balances and highly liquid investments in money market funds with maturities of 90 days or less at the time of purchase. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE The majority of our accounts receivable are due from original equipment m anufacturers (OEMs) in the automotive industry and are past due when payment is not received within the stated terms. In 2012, we continued the transition of our payment terms with our largest customer, GM, to GM standard weekly payment terms of approximately 50 days. Amounts due from customers are stated net of allowances for doubtful accounts. We determine our allowances by considering factors such as the length of time accounts are past due, our previous loss history, the customer's ability to pay its obligation to us, and the condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $6.5 million and $5.5 million as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. We write-off accounts receivable when they become uncollectible. CUSTOMER TOOLING AND PRE-PRODUCTION COSTS RELATED TO LONG-TERM SUPPLY AGREEMENTS Engineering, R&D, and other pre-production design and development costs for products sold on long-term supply arrangements are expensed as incurred unless we have a contractual guarantee for reimbursement from the customer. Costs for tooling used to make products sold on long-term supply arrangements for which we have either title to the assets or the non-cancelable right to use the assets during the term of the supply arrangement are capitalized in property, plant and equipment. Capitalized items and customer receipts in excess of tooling costs specifically related to a supply arrangement are amortized over the shorter of the term of the arrangement or over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. INVENTORIES We state our inventories at the lower of cost or market. The cost of our inventories is determined using the FIFO method. When we determine that our gross inventories exceed usage requirements, or if inventories become obsolete or otherwise not saleable, we record a provision for such loss as a component of our inventory accounts. Inventories consist of the following:
| December 31,
| 2012 |  | 2011
| (in millions)
Raw materials and work-in-progress | $ | 220.3 |  |  | $ | 177.0 |
Finished goods | 25.0 |  |  | 26.9 |
Gross inventories | 245.3 |  |  | 203.9 |
Inventory valuation reserves | (21.0 | ) |  | (26.7 | )
Inventories, net | $ | 224.3 |  |  | $ | 177.2 |
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT We state property, plant and equipment, including amortizable tooling, at historical cost, as adjusted for impairments. Construction in progress includes costs incurred for the construction of buildings and building improvements, and machinery and equipment in process. Repair and maintenance costs that do not extend the useful life or otherwise improve the utility of the asset beyond its existing useful state are expensed in the period incurred. We record depreciation and tooling amortization on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the depreciable assets. Depreciation and tooling amortization amounted to $130.9 million, $123.7 million and $122.2 million in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:
| Estimated |  | December 31,
| Useful Lives |  | 2012 |  | 2011
| (years) |  | (in millions)
Land |  |  | $ | 27.8 |  |  | $ | 30.6 |
Land improvements | 10-15 |  | 17.8 |  |  | 17.4 |
Buildings and building improvements | 15-40 |  | 293.3 |  |  | 273.5 |
Machinery and equipment | 3-12 |  | 1,512.6 |  |  | 1,405.5 |
Construction in progress |  |  | 123.1 |  |  | 138.2 |
|  |  | 1,974.6 |  |  | 1,865.2 |
Accumulated depreciation and amortization |  |  | (964.9 | ) |  | (894.0 | )
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | $ | 1,009.7 |  |  | $ | 971.2 |
IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS When impairment indicators exist, we evaluate the carrying value of long-lived assets for potential impairment. We consider projected future undiscounted cash flows, trends and other circumstances in making such estimates and evaluations. If impairment is deemed to exist, the carrying amount of the asset is adjusted based on its fair value. Recoverability of assets “held for use” is determined by comparing the forecasted undiscounted cash flows of the operations to which the assets relate to their carrying amount. When the carrying value of an asset group exceeds its fair value and is therefore nonrecoverable, those assets are written down to fair value. Fair value is determined based on market prices, when available, or a discounted cash flow analysis performed using management estimates. See Note 2 - Restructuring Actions for detail on our 2012 and 2011 asset impairments. GOODWILL We record goodwill when the purchase price of acquired businesses exceeds the value of their identifiable net tangible and intangible assets acquired. We periodically evaluate goodwill for impairment in accordance with the accounting guidance for goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangibles. We completed impairment tests in 2012 and 2011 and concluded that there was no impairment of our goodwill. The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in goodwill:
| December 31,
| 2012 |  | 2011
| (in millions)
Beginning balance | $ | 155.9 |  |  | $ | 155.8 |
Foreign currency translation and other | 0.5 |  |  | 0.1 |
Ending balance | $ | 156.4 |  |  | $ | 155.9 |
INTANGIBLE ASSETS As part of the formation of e-AAM, we recorded intangible assets of $8.7 million in 2010, which represented the fair value of a GM license agreement for technology developed by Saab Automobile AB (Saab) when it was a subsidiary of GM, in-process research and development technology and a long-term supply agreement with Saab acquired as part of the joint venture formation in 2010. In 2011, Saab, our former partner in the e-AAM joint venture, filed for bankruptcy and entered into liquidation status. As a result, in 2011, we recorded a $1.6 million impairment charge to selling, general and administrative expenses to write off the intangible asset associated with the long-term supply agreement with Saab. These intangible assets are classified as other assets and deferred charges on our Consolidated Balance Sheet and we expect to begin amortizing the assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives once development of the related technology is complete and we begin utilizing these assets. We recorded an intangible asset of $9.6 million as of December 31, 2008 which represents the fair value of the customer relationships acquired as part of an asset purchase agreement with FormTech Industries LLC. We recorded $1.9 million of expense for the amortization of this intangible asset in each of the years 2012, 2011 and 2010, and the balance is $1.9 million as of December 31, 2012. This intangible asset is classified as other assets and deferred charges on our Consolidated Balance Sheet and is being amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life of five years. DEBT ISSUANCE COSTS The costs related to the issuance or modification of long-term debt are deferred and amortized into interest expense over the life of each debt issue. As of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, our unamortized debt issuance costs were $33.0 million and $31.5 million, respectively. Deferred amounts associated with the extinguishment of debt are expensed and classified as debt refinancing and redemption costs on our Consolidated Statement of Income. DERIVATIVES We recognize all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. If a derivative qualifies under the accounting guidance as a hedge, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative are either offset against the change in fair value of the hedged asset, liability or firm commitment through earnings or recognized in other comprehensive income until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The ineffective portion of a derivative's change in fair value, and changes in the fair value of derivatives that do not qualify as hedges, are immediately recognized in earnings. See Note 4 - Derivatives and Risk Management, for more detail on our derivatives. CURRENCY TRANSLATION We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries to U.S. dollars at end-of-period exchange rates. We translate the income statement elements of our foreign subsidiaries to U.S. dollars at average-period exchange rates. We report the effect of translation for our foreign subsidiaries that use the local currency as their functional currency as a separate component of stockholders' deficit. Gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of assets and liabilities in a currency other than the functional currency of a subsidiary are reported in current period income. We also report any gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of a subsidiary in current period income. USE OF ESTIMATES In order to prepare consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in our consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. EFFECT OF NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS On January 1, 2012, we adopted new accounting guidance on the presentation of comprehensive income. The new guidance allows an entity to present components of net income and other comprehensive income in one continuous statement, referred to as the statement of comprehensive income, or in two separate, but consecutive statements. We have elected to present the components of other comprehensive income in a separate statement immediately following the statement of income. The guidance eliminates the previous option to report other comprehensive income and its components in the statement of changes in equity. While the new guidance changes the presentation of comprehensive income, there are no changes to the components that are recognized in net income or other comprehensive income under current accounting guidance. Other than the change in presentation, the adoption of this new guidance has had no impact on our consolidated financial statements. On January 1, 2012, we also adopted new accounting guidance on testing goodwill for impairment. This new guidance allows us the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. Under this guidance, we are not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless we determine, based on a qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. The guidance includes a number of events and circumstances to consider in conducting the qualitative assessment. The adoption of this new accounting guidance did not have an effect on our 2012 goodwill impairment assessment. On July 27, 2012, the FASB issued new accounting guidance, which amends the previous accounting guidance on testing indefinite-lived intangible assets, other than goodwill, for impairment. This new guidance allows us the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to calculate the fair value of the asset being tested. This new guidance will be effective for us as of January 1, 2013, with early adoption permitted. We do not believe that the adoption of this new accounting guidance will have a significant effect on our indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment assessments in the future.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure, and significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. May be provided in more than one note to the financial statements, as long as users are provided with an understanding of (1) the significant judgments and assumptions made by an enterprise in determining whether it must consolidate a VIE and/or disclose information about its involvement with a VIE, (2) the nature of restrictions on a consolidated VIE's assets reported by an enterprise in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets, (3) the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with an enterprise's involvement with the VIE, and (4) how an enterprise's involvement with the VIE affects the enterprise's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Describes procedure if disclosures are provided in more than one note to the financial statements. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher AICPA -Name Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) -Number 22 -Paragraph 8 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher AICPA -Name Statement of Position (SOP) -Number 94-6 -Paragraph 10 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name FASB Interpretation (FIN) -Number 46R -Paragraph 4, 14, 15 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. + Details
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