2. RESTRUCTURING AND ACQUISITION-RELATED COSTS

In 2016, AAM initiated actions under a global restructuring program focused on creating a more streamlined organization in addition to reducing our cost structure and preparing for acquisition and integration activities. A summary of this activity for the years 2017 and 2016 is shown below:



	Severance Charges			Implementation Costs			Asset Impairment Charges			Total
	(in millions)
Accrual at January 1, 2016	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Charges	0.6			10.2			4.5			15.3
Cash utilization	—			(1.0		)	—			(1.0		)
Non-cash utilization	—			—			(4.5		)	(4.5		)
Accrual at December 31, 2016	0.6			9.2			—			9.8
Charges	2.0			13.9			1.5			17.4
Cash utilization	(2.3		)	(23.1		)	—			(25.4		)
Non-cash utilization	—			—			(1.5		)	(1.5		)
Accrual at December 31, 2017	$	0.3		$	—		$	—		$	0.3

As part of our restructuring actions, we incurred severance charges of approximately $2.0 million, as well as implementation costs, including professional expenses, of approximately $13.9 million in 2017. During the fourth quarter of 2017, we recorded a $1.5 million asset impairment related to the pending closure of one of our manufacturing facilities. In 2016, we incurred severance charges of approximately $0.6 million, as well as other implementation costs, including professional fees, of approximately $10.2 million, and asset impairment charges of $4.5 million, primarily related to the announced closure of a manufacturing facility in India.

Since the inception of our global restructuring program, we have incurred severance charges totaling $2.6 million, implementation costs totaling $24.1 million, and impairment charges totaling $6.0 million. We expect to incur $10 to $20 million of additional charges under our global restructuring program in 2018.

On March 1, 2017, we completed our acquisition of USM Mexico and on April 6, 2017, we completed our acquisition of MPG. The following table represents a summary of acquisition-related charges incurred in 2017 related to our acquisitions of USM Mexico and MPG:



	Acquisition-Related Costs		Severance Charges		Integration Expenses		Total
	(in millions)
Charges	$	40.7	$	7.2	$	45.4	$	93.3

Total restructuring and acquisition-related charges in 2017							$	110.7

Acquisition-related costs primarily consist of advisory, legal, accounting, valuation and certain other professional or consulting fees incurred. Also included in acquisition-related costs is a one-time charge of approximately $20 million for MPG stock-based compensation that was accelerated and settled as a result of the acquisition. Integration expenses reflect costs incurred for information technology systems, ongoing operational activities, and consulting fees incurred in conjunction with the acquisitions. Total charges associated with our global restructuring program and acquisition-related charges of $110.7 million are shown on a separate line item titled "Restructuring and Acquisition-Related Costs" in our Consolidated Statements of Income.