<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000947871-20-000422.txt : 20200504
<SEC-HEADER>0000947871-20-000422.hdr.sgml : 20200504
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20200504075013
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000947871-20-000422
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		13
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20200428
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Creation of a Direct Financial Obligation or an Obligation under an Off-Balance Sheet Arrangement of a Registrant
ITEM INFORMATION:		Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20200504
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20200504

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001062231
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	MOTOR VEHICLE PARTS & ACCESSORIES [3714]
		IRS NUMBER:				383161171
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-14303
		FILM NUMBER:		20842800

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		ONE DAUCH DRIVE
		CITY:			DETROIT
		STATE:			MI
		ZIP:			48211-1198
		BUSINESS PHONE:		3137583600

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		ONE DAUCH DRIVE
		CITY:			DETROIT
		STATE:			MI
		ZIP:			48211-1198
</SEC-HEADER>
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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 14pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="font: 14pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>WASHINGTON, DC 20549</b></p>

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<p style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT PURSUANT</b></p>

<p style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><br />
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant
under any of the following provisions (<i>see </i>General Instruction A.2. below):</p>

<div style="padding: 0in 0in 9pt; border-bottom-width: 0in; border-bottom-color: Black">

<p style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font: 11pt Arial Unicode MS,serif"><span id="xdx_904_edei--WrittenCommunications_c20200428__20200428_zTjnnNrvExSg"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-04-28to2020-04-28" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:WrittenCommunications">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;
Written communications pursuant to Rule&#160;425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) </span></p>

<p style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font: 11pt Arial Unicode MS,serif"><span id="xdx_907_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20200428__20200428_zkNoli5h1jWc"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-04-28to2020-04-28" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule&#160;14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) </span></p>

<p style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font: 11pt Arial Unicode MS,serif"><span id="xdx_90C_edei--PreCommencementTenderOffer_c20200428__20200428_zYYSmntxqWGb"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-04-28to2020-04-28" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule&#160;14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) </span></p>

<p style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font: 11pt Arial Unicode MS,serif"><span id="xdx_907_edei--PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_c20200428__20200428_ziuYqASENAhl"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-04-28to2020-04-28" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule&#160;13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

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<p style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;
</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging
growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Emerging growth company&#160; <span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS,serif"><span id="xdx_907_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20200428__20200428_zz8zQPRDNDxk"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-04-28to2020-04-28" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the
registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards
provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.&#160; <span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS,serif">&#9744;</span>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 1in"><b>Item 1.01.</b></td><td><b>Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">On April 28, 2020, American Axle &#38; Manufacturing
Holdings, Inc. (&#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Holdings</span>&#8221;), American Axle &#38; Manufacturing, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Holdings
(&#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">AAM</span>&#8221;), and certain subsidiaries of Holdings (solely for the purpose of reaffirming obligations and liens)
entered into the Second Amendment (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Second Amendment</span>&#8221;), among AAM, as borrower, Holdings, such subsidiaries
of Holdings, each financial institution party thereto as a lender and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Administrative
Agent</span>&#8221;), amending the Credit Agreement dated as of April 6, 2017 (as amended on July 29, 2019, the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Credit Agreement</span>&#8221;),
among AAM, as borrower, Holdings, each financial institution party thereto from time to time as a lender, and the Administrative
Agent (the Credit Agreement, as amended by the Second Amendment, the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Amended Credit Agreement</span>&#8221;).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">For the period from April 1, 2020 through March
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ratio covenant with a new senior secured net leverage ratio covenant; (b) reduced the minimum levels of the cash interest expense
coverage ratio covenant; and (c) modified certain covenants restricting the ability of Holdings, AAM and certain subsidiaries of
Holdings to create, incur, assume or permit to exist certain additional indebtedness and liens and to make or agree to pay or make
certain restricted payments, voluntary payments and distributions. The Second Amendment also (a) increased the maximum levels of
the total net leverage ratio covenant after the Amendment Period, (b) modified the applicable margin (determined based on the total
net leverage ratio of Holdings) with respect to interest rates under the term loan A facility under the Amended Credit Agreement
(the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Term Loan A Facility</span>&#8221;) and interest rates and commitment fees under the revolving credit facility under
the Amended Credit Agreement (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Revolving Credit Facility</span>&#8221;), and (c) increased the minimum adjusted London
Interbank Offered Rate for Eurodollar-based loans under the Term Loan A Facility and Revolving Credit Facility. The applicable
margin with respect to interest rates under the term loan B facility under the Amended Credit Agreement remains unchanged.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">A copy of the Second Amendment is included
as Exhibit 10.1 hereto and is incorporated by reference herein. The foregoing description of the Second Amendment does not purport
to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the agreement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>



<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 1in"><b>Item 2.03.</b></td><td><b>Creation of a Direct Financial Obligation or an Obligation under an Off-Balance Sheet Arrangement of a Registrant</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The information in Item 1.01 of this Current Report is incorporated
by reference into this Item 2.03.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 1in"><b>Item 7.01.</b></td><td><b>Regulation FD Disclosure</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">We entered into the Second Amendment to, among
other things, revise financial maintenance covenants in order to provide additional flexibility as we adjust our business for the
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on current and future global light vehicle production.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">As of March 31, 2020, total liquidity was over
$1.4 billion, consisting of $683 million of cash on hand, approximately $690 million available under the Revolving Credit Facility
and approximately $85 million available under our foreign credit facilities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 1in"><b>Item 9.01.</b></td><td><b>Financial Statements and Exhibits</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Exhibits</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 13%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit No.</b></span></td>
    <td style="width: 3%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 84%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Description</b></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="ss172773_ex1001.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">10.1</a></span></td>
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    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><a href="ss172773_ex1001.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Second Amendment dated as of April 28, 2020 among American Axle &#38; Manufacturing Holdings, Inc., American Axle &#38; Manufacturing, Inc., certain subsidiaries of American Axle &#38; Manufacturing Holdings, Inc. identified therein (for the limited purpose specified therein), each financial institution party thereto as a lender and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent</a></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL)</span></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;&#160;</p>
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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 4pt; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.25in">Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf
by the undersigned, hereunto duly authorized.</p>




<p style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">

<tr>
    <td style="width: 5%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 35%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 3%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 53%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 3%">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>AMERICAN AXLE &#38; MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.</b></p>
        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p></td>
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Date:</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><br />
May 4, 2020</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">By:&#160;&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Christopher J. May &#160;</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="padding: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Christopher J. May</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="padding: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Vice President &#38; Chief Financial Officer</span></td>
    <td style="padding: 1.5pt">&#160;</td></tr>
</table>




<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>ss172773_ex1001.htm
<DESCRIPTION>SECOND AMENDMENT DATED AS OF APRIL 28, 2020
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">EXECUTION VERSION</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 1.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">SECOND AMENDMENT dated as of April&nbsp;28,
2020 (this &ldquo;<U>Amendment</U>&rdquo;), to the CREDIT AGREEMENT dated as of April 6, 2017 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise
modified prior to the date hereof, the &ldquo;<U>Existing Credit Agreement</U>&rdquo;, and as further amended, supplemented or
otherwise modified by this Amendment, the &ldquo;<U>Credit Agreement</U>&rdquo;; capitalized terms used and not defined herein
shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Credit Agreement), among AMERICAN AXLE &amp; MANUFACTURING, INC., a Delaware
corporation (the &ldquo;<U>Borrower</U>&rdquo;), AMERICAN AXLE &amp; MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC., a Delaware corporation (the
&ldquo;<U>Parent</U>&rdquo;), the LENDERS party thereto and JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., as Administrative Agent (the &ldquo;<U>Administrative
Agent</U>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 1in">WHEREAS, the Borrower has requested that
certain provisions of the Existing Credit Agreement be amended as set forth herein; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 1in">WHEREAS, the Lenders party hereto, constituting
a Majority in Interest of the Tranche A Term Lenders and a Majority in Interest of the Revolving Lenders, are willing to consent
to such amendments to the Existing Credit Agreement on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 1in">NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the
mutual agreements herein contained and other good and valuable consideration, the sufficiency and receipt of which are hereby acknowledged,
and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 1. <U>Rules of Interpretation.</U>
The rules of interpretation set forth in Section 1.03 of the Credit Agreement are hereby incorporated by reference herein, <U>mutatis
mutandis</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 2. <U>Amendments to the Credit
Agreement.</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(a) Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit
Agreement is hereby amended by inserting the following defined terms in the appropriate alphabetical order therein:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 76.3pt; text-indent: -4.3pt">&ldquo;<U>Second Amendment Effective
Date</U>&rdquo; means April&nbsp;28, 2020, which was the Amendment Effective Date under (and as defined in) the Second Amendment
relating to this Agreement, among the Borrower, the Parent, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders party thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 76.3pt; text-indent: -4.3pt">&ldquo;<U>Senior Secured Net
Leverage Ratio</U>&rdquo; means, on any date, the ratio of (a) an amount equal to (i) the Total Senior Secured Indebtedness as
of such date, minus (ii) the lesser as of such date of (A) $500,000,000 and (B) the aggregate amount of Unrestricted Cash to (b)
Consolidated EBITDA of the Parent for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters of the Parent ended on such date (or, if such
date is not the last day of a fiscal quarter, ended on the last day of the fiscal quarter of the Parent most recently ended prior
to such date).</P>
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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 76.3pt; text-indent: -4.3pt">&ldquo;<U>Total Senior Secured
Indebtedness</U>&rdquo; means, as of any date, the aggregate principal amount of Total Indebtedness that is secured by a Lien on
any property or asset of the Parent or any Restricted Subsidiary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(b) The definition of &ldquo;Adjusted
LIBO Rate&rdquo; set forth in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended by amending and restating the last
sentence thereof in its entirety as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 153pt; text-indent: 0in">&ldquo;Notwithstanding the foregoing,
in no event shall the Adjusted LIBO Rate at any time be less than 0.75% per annum.&rdquo;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(c) The definition of &ldquo;Applicable
Rate&rdquo; set forth in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended by (i) replacing the words &ldquo;after
the First Amendment Effective Date, the Applicable Rate shall be the applicable rate per annum set forth below in Category 2&rdquo;
with the words &ldquo;after the Second Amendment Effective Date, the Applicable Rate shall be the applicable rate per annum set
forth below in Category 1&rdquo; in each of paragraphs (b) and (c) therein, (ii) amending and restating the table set forth in
clause (b) therein in its entirety to read as follows:</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 15%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"><U>Category</U></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 55%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"><U>Total Net Leverage Ratio</U></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">ABR</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><U>Spread</U></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 16%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Eurodollar</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><U>Spread</U></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Category 1</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&gt; 4.50 to 1.00</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">1.50%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">2.50%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt">Category 2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&le; 4.50 to 1.00 but &gt; 3.00 to 1.00</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">1.00%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">2.00%<BR>
<BR></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Category 3</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&le; 3.00 to 1.00 but &gt; 2.00 to 1.00</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">0.75%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">1.75%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Category 4</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&le; 2.00 to 1.00 but &gt; 1.25 to 1.00</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">0.50%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">1.50%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt">Category 5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&le; 1.25 to 1.00</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">0.25%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">1.25%</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>
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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 1in; text-indent: 0in">and (iii) amending and restating the
table set forth in clause (c) therein in its entirety to read as follows:</P>


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    <TD STYLE="width: 12%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">ABR</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><U>Spread</U></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Eurodollar</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><U>Spread</U></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 15%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Commitment</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><U>Fee Rate</U></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Category 1</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&gt; 4.50 to 1.00</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">1.50%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">2.50%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">0.375%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt">Category 2 </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&le; 4.50 to 1.00 but &gt; 3.00 to 1.00</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">1.00%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">2.00%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">0.35%<BR>
<BR></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Category 3</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&le; 3.00 to 1.00 but &gt; 2.00 to 1.00</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">0.75%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">1.75%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">0.30%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Category 4</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&le; 2.00 to 1.00 but &gt; 1.25 to 1.00</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">0.50%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">1.50%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">0.25%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Category 5</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&le; 1.25 to 1.00</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">0.25%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">1.25%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center">0.20%</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(d) The definition of &ldquo;Total
Net Leverage Ratio&rdquo; in Section 1.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read
as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 76.5pt; text-indent: 0in">&ldquo;<U>Total Net Leverage Ratio</U>&rdquo;
means, on any date, the ratio of (a) an amount equal to (i) the Total Indebtedness as of such date, minus (ii) the lesser as of
such date of (A) $500,000,000 and (B) the aggregate amount of Unrestricted Cash to (b) Consolidated EBITDA of the Parent for the
period of four consecutive fiscal quarters of the Parent ended on such date (or, if such date is not the last day of a fiscal quarter,
ended on the last day of the fiscal quarter of the Parent most recently ended prior to such date).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(e) Section 6.10 of the Existing Credit
Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 1in; text-indent: 81pt"><U>Net Leverage Ratios</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 94.5pt; text-indent: 58.5pt">(a) <U>Senior Secured Net Leverage
Ratio</U>. For the benefit of the Revolving Lenders, the Issuing Banks and the Tranche A Term Lenders only (and the Administrative
Agent on their behalf), the Parent will not permit the Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio as of the end of any fiscal quarter set
forth below to exceed the ratio set forth below with respect to such fiscal quarter:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 15%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in"><U>Fiscal Quarter(s)</U></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 33%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in"><U>Senior Secured Net Leverage Ratio</U></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">April&nbsp;1, 2020, through September&nbsp;30, 2020</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">4.00 to 1.00</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">October&nbsp;1, 2020, through March&nbsp;31, 2021</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">4.25 to 1.00</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">April&nbsp;1, 2021, through June&nbsp;30, 2021</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">3.50 to 1.00</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">July&nbsp;1, 2021, through September&nbsp;30, 2021</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">3.00 to 1.00</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">October&nbsp;1, 2021, through December&nbsp;31, 2021</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">2.50 to 1.00</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">January&nbsp;1, 2022, through March&nbsp;31, 2022</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">2.25 to 1.00</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 94.5pt; text-indent: 58.5pt">(b) <U>Total Net Leverage Ratio.</U>
For the benefit of the Revolving Lenders, the Issuing Banks and the Tranche A Term Lenders only (and the Administrative Agent on
their behalf), the Parent will not permit the Total Net Leverage Ratio as of the end of any fiscal quarter set forth below to exceed
the ratio set forth below with respect to such fiscal quarter:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 15%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in"><U>Fiscal Quarter(s)</U></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 33%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in"><U>Total Net Leverage Ratio</U></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">April&nbsp;1, 2022, through December&nbsp;31, 2022</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">4.25 to 1.00</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">January&nbsp;1, 2023, through June&nbsp;30, 2023</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">4.00 to 1.00</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">July&nbsp;1, 2023, through December&nbsp;31, 2023</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">3.75 to 1.00</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">January&nbsp;1, 2024, and thereafter</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">3.50 to 1.00</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(f) Section 6.11 of the Existing Credit
Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 76.5pt; text-indent: 76.5pt"><U>Cash Interest Expense Coverage
Ratio</U>. For the benefit of the Revolving Lenders, the Issuing Banks and the Tranche A Term Lenders only (and the Administrative
Agent on their behalf), the Parent will not permit the Cash Interest Expense Coverage Ratio for any period of four consecutive
fiscal quarters ending during the dates set forth below to be less than the ratio set forth below with respect to such period:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 15%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in"><U>Period End Date</U></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 33%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in"><U>Cash Interest Expense<BR>
Coverage Ratio</U></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">April&nbsp;1, 2020, through September&nbsp;30, 2020</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">2.00 to 1.00</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">October&nbsp;1, 2020, through March&nbsp;31, 2021</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">1.50 to 1.00</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">April&nbsp;1, 2021, through June&nbsp;30, 2021</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">2.00 to 1.00</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">July&nbsp;1, 2021, through September&nbsp;30, 2021</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">2.25 to 1.00</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">October&nbsp;1, 2021, through December&nbsp;31, 2021</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">2.50 to 1.00</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">January&nbsp;1, 2022, through March&nbsp;31, 2022</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">2.75 to 1.00</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">April&nbsp;1, 2022, and thereafter</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0in">3.00 to 1.00</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 3. <U>Covenants</U>. Each of the
Borrower and the Parent covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Revolving Lenders, the Issuing Banks and the Tranche A Term
Lenders only (and the Administrative Agent on their behalf) that, during the period commencing April&nbsp;1, 2020 to and including
March&nbsp;31, 2022 (the &ldquo;<U>Amendment Period</U>&rdquo;):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(a) the Borrower shall not incur any
Incremental Extensions of Credit or any Alternative Incremental Facility Debt that is secured by the Collateral on a pari passu
basis with the Loan Document Obligations;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(b) the Parent shall not designate
any Restricted Subsidiary as an Unrestricted Subsidiary, unless (i) immediately before and after such designation, no Event of
Default shall have occurred and be continuing or would immediately result from such designation (including as a result of the covenants
contained in this Section 3) and (ii)&nbsp;immediately after giving effect to such designation, the Total Net Leverage Ratio, calculated
on a Pro Forma Basis, shall not exceed 4.25 to 1.00;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(c) neither the Parent nor the Borrower
shall, or shall permit any other Restricted Subsidiary to, assume or permit to exist Indebtedness otherwise permitted by Section
6.01(a)(vi)(A) of the Existing Credit Agreement, unless (x) such Indebtedness exists at the time such Person becomes a Restricted
Subsidiary (or is so merged or consolidated) or such assets are acquired and is not created in contemplation of or in connection
with such Person becoming a Restricted Subsidiary (or such merger or consolidation) or such assets being acquired and (y) immediately
after giving effect to the assumption of such Indebtedness, the Total Net Leverage Ratio, calculated on a Pro Forma Basis as of
the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter of the Parent, does not exceed 4.25 to 1.00;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(d) neither the Parent nor the Borrower
shall permit to exist Indebtedness of Foreign Subsidiaries otherwise permitted by Section&nbsp;6.01(a)(vii) of the Existing Credit
Agreement in an aggregate principal amount (other than Indebtedness owing by a Foreign Subsidiary to another Foreign Subsidiary)
exceeding $350,000,000;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(e) neither the Parent nor the Borrower
shall, or shall permit any other Restricted Subsidiary to, create, incur, assume or permit to exist Indebtedness otherwise permitted
by Section 6.01(a)(xvi) of the Existing Credit Agreement exceeding the greater of (x) $150,000,000 and (y) 2% of Total Assets as
of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter of the Parent prior to the date of incurrence;</P>
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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(f) neither the Parent nor the Borrower
shall permit to exist any Ratio Debt incurred by any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 76.5pt; text-indent: 1in">(g) neither the Parent nor the Borrower
shall, or shall permit any other Restricted Subsidiary to, create, incur, assume or permit to exist any Lien on any property or
asset now owned or hereafter acquired by it, which Lien is otherwise permitted by Section 6.02(f) of the Existing Credit Agreement,
except any (i) Lien on any property or asset of any Foreign Subsidiary in an aggregate amount at any time outstanding not exceeding
$350,000,000 and (ii) other Lien on any property or asset of any Foreign Subsidiary; <U>provided</U> that (A) in respect of this
sub-clause (ii), such Lien secures Indebtedness or other obligations of such Foreign Subsidiary that is not Guaranteed by any Loan
Party and (B)&nbsp;with respect to Indebtedness such Indebtedness is permitted by Section&nbsp;6.01 of the Existing Credit Agreement
and clauses (c), (d), (e) and (f) of this Section 3;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(h) neither the Parent nor the Borrower
shall, or shall permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, (i)&nbsp;declare or make, or agree to pay or make, directly or indirectly,
any Restricted Payment, or incur any obligation (contingent or otherwise) to make any Restricted Payment, that is otherwise permitted
by Sections&nbsp;6.07(a)(vii), (a)(viii) and (a)(ix)(A) (solely with respect to unused amounts carried over to the succeeding fiscal
year) of the Existing Credit Agreement or (ii)&nbsp;agree to pay or make, directly or indirectly, any voluntary payment or other
distribution (whether in cash, securities or other property) of or in respect of any Junior Debt, or any payment or other distribution
(whether in cash, securities or other property), including any sinking fund or similar deposit, on account of the repayment, repurchase,
redemption, retirement, acquisition, cancellation or termination of any Junior Debt, that is otherwise permitted by Sections&nbsp;6.07(b)(iii)
through (b)(v) of the Existing Credit Agreement; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(i) neither the Parent nor the Borrower
shall, or shall permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, make or agree to pay or make, directly or indirectly, any voluntary payment
or other distribution (whether in cash, securities or other property) of or in respect of any of the Borrower&rsquo;s senior unsecured
notes other than the Existing Senior Notes described in clause (c) of the definition thereof set forth in the Existing Credit Agreement
(the &ldquo;<U>Senior Unsecured Notes</U>&rdquo;), or any payment or other distribution (whether in cash, securities or other property),
including any sinking fund or similar deposit, on account of the repayment, repurchase, redemption, retirement, acquisition, cancellation
or termination of any of the Senior Unsecured Notes, except (i) any refinancing of Senior Unsecured Notes with Permitted Refinancing
Indebtedness and (ii) regularly scheduled payments of principal or interest in respect thereof.</P>
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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 4. <U>Representations and Warranties.</U>
The Borrower represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and to each of the Lenders that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(a) This Amendment and the transactions
contemplated hereby are within the corporate powers of each of the Borrower and the Parent and have been duly authorized by all
necessary corporate and, if required, stockholder action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(b) This Amendment has been duly executed
and delivered by each of the Borrower and the Parent and constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of such Loan Party,
enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws
affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally and subject to general principles of equity, regardless of whether considered in a
proceeding in equity or at law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 5. <U>Effectiveness.</U> This Amendment
shall become effective as of the date first above written (the &ldquo;<U>Amendment Effective Date</U>&rdquo;) when:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(a) the Administrative Agent shall
have received counterparts of this Amendment, duly executed and delivered on behalf of (i) the Borrower, (ii) the Parent and (iii)
Lenders constituting a Majority in Interest of the Tranche A Term Lenders and a Majority in Interest of the Revolving Lenders,
or as to any of the foregoing parties, advice reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent that each of the foregoing parties
has executed a counterpart of this Amendment;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(b) each of the representations and
warranties set forth in Section 4 hereof shall be true and correct as of the Amendment Effective Date;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(c) The representations and warranties
of each Loan Party set forth in the Loan Documents shall be true and correct in all material respects (or, in the case of representations
and warranties qualified as to materiality, in all respects) on and as of the Amendment Effective Date, except to the extent any
such representation and warranty expressly relates to a prior date, in which case such representation and warranty shall be true
and correct in all material respects (or in all respects, as applicable) as of such earlier date;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(d) At the time of and immediately
after giving effect to this Amendment, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing;</P>
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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(e) the Administrative Agent shall
have received a certificate of a Responsible Officer of the Borrower confirming compliance with the conditions set forth in paragraphs
(b), (c) and (d) of this Section 5; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 81pt; text-indent: 1in">(f) the Administrative Agent shall
have received payment of all fees and expenses required to be paid or reimbursed by the Borrower under or in connection with this
Amendment, including those fees and expenses set forth in Section 10 hereof, to the extent such fees and expenses are invoiced
at least one Business Day prior to the proposed Amendment Effective Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 6. <U>Reaffirmation.</U> Each of
the Borrower, Parent and each other Loan Party hereby (a) reaffirms its obligations under the Credit Agreement and each other Loan
Document to which it is a party, in each case as modified by this Amendment, (b) reaffirms all Liens on the Collateral which have
been granted by it in favor of the Collateral Agent (for the benefit of the Secured Parties) pursuant to the Loan Documents and
(c) acknowledges and agrees that the guarantees of the Loan Parties contained in the Guarantee Agreement and the grants of security
interests by the Loan Parties contained in the Collateral Agreement and the other Security Documents are, and shall remain, in
full force and effect in respect of, and to secure, the Secured Obligations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 7. <U>Credit Agreement.</U> Except
as expressly set forth herein, this Amendment (a)&nbsp;shall not by implication or otherwise limit, impair, constitute a waiver
of or otherwise affect the rights and remedies of the Lenders, the Administrative Agent, the Borrower or any other Loan Party under
the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document and (b)&nbsp;shall not alter, modify, amend or in any way affect any of the terms,
conditions, obligations, covenants or agreements contained in the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, all of which are
ratified and affirmed in all respects and shall continue in full force and effect. Nothing herein shall be deemed to entitle the
Borrower or any other Loan Party to any future consent to, or waiver, amendment, modification or other change of, any of the terms,
conditions, obligations, covenants or agreements contained in the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document in similar or different
circumstances. After the Amendment Effective Date, any reference in the Loan Documents to the Credit Agreement shall mean the Credit
Agreement as modified hereby. This Amendment shall constitute a &ldquo;Loan Document&rdquo; for all purposes of the Credit Agreement
and the other Loan Documents and, for the avoidance of doubt, any breach of this Amendment by the Borrower or the Parent shall
constitute an Event of Default.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 8. <U>Applicable Law; Waiver of
Jury Trial.</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 40.5pt">(a) <B>THIS AMENDMENT AND ANY
CLAIM, CONTROVERSY, DISPUTE OR CAUSE OF ACTION (WHETHER IN CONTRACT OR TORT OR OTHERWISE) BASED UPON, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING
TO THIS AMENDMENT AND THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE
STATE OF NEW YORK.</B></P>
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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 40.5pt">(b) <B>EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY
AGREES AS SET FORTH IN SECTION 9.10 OF THE CREDIT AGREEMENT AS IF SUCH SECTION WERE SET FORTH IN FULL HEREIN.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 9. <U>Counterparts; Amendment;
Effectiveness.</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) This Amendment may be executed
in counterparts (and by different parties hereto on different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all
of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this
Amendment by facsimile transmission or other electronic imaging shall be effective as delivery of an original executed counterpart
of this Amendment. This Amendment may not be amended nor may any provision hereof be waived except pursuant to a writing signed
by the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders party hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) The words &ldquo;execution&rdquo;,
&ldquo;signed&rdquo;, &ldquo;signature&rdquo;, &ldquo;delivery&rdquo; and words of like import in or relating to any document to
be signed in connection with this Amendment and the transactions contemplated hereby shall be deemed to include any electronic
sound, symbol or process attached to, or associated with, a contract or other record and adopted by a Person with the intent to
sign, authenticate or accept such contract or record (each, an &ldquo;<U>Electronic Signature</U>&rdquo;), and deliveries or the
keeping of records in electronic form, each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity or enforceability as a manually
executed signature, physical delivery thereof or the use of a paper-based recordkeeping system, as the case may be, to the extent
and as provided for in any applicable law, including the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, the
New York State Electronic Signatures and Records Act or any other similar State laws based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions
Act; <U>provided</U> that nothing herein shall require the Administrative Agent to accept electronic signatures in any form or
format without its prior written consent. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Borrower (i) agrees that, for all
purposes, including in connection with any workout, restructuring, enforcement of remedies, bankruptcy proceedings or litigation
among the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Loan Parties, electronic images of this Amendment (including with respect to
any signature pages hereto) shall have the same legal effect, validity and enforceability as any paper original, and (ii) waives
any argument, defense or right to contest the validity or enforceability of this Amendment based solely on the lack of paper original
copies of this Amendment, including with respect to any signature pages hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 10. <U>Fees and Expenses.</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">(a) The Borrower hereby agrees
to pay to the Administrative Agent on the Amendment Effective Date, for the account of each Tranche A Term Lender and Revolving
Lender that shall have executed and irrevocably delivered to the Administrative Agent an executed signature page to this Amendment,
an amendment fee equal to 0.25% of the sum of such Lender&rsquo;s outstanding Tranche A Term Loans and outstanding Revolving Commitment
(whether used or unused).</P>
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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in">(b) The Borrower agrees to reimburse
the Administrative Agent for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in connection with this Amendment to the extent required under
Section 9.03 of the Credit Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 11. <U>Headings.</U> Section headings
used herein are for convenience of reference only, are not part of this Amendment and are not to affect the construction of, or
to be taken into consideration in interpreting, this Amendment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">[Signature Pages Follow]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>
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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 1in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto
have caused this Amendment to be duly executed by their respective authorized officers as of the day and year first written above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-left: 5.75pt">
        <P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">AMERICAN AXLE &amp; MANUFACTURING, INC.</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">AMERICAN AXLE &amp; MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC.</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-transform: uppercase"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: none">&nbsp;</FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-left: 0.15in">By</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.75pt">/s/ Shannon J. Curry</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-left: 5.75pt">Name:&nbsp;&nbsp;Shannon J. Curry&#9;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-left: 5.75pt">
        <P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Title: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vice President &amp; Treasurer</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>
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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in">Solely with respect to the provisions of Section
6 hereof:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">AAM International Holdings, Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">Auburn Hills Manufacturing, Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">Oxford Forge, Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">Colfor Manufacturing, Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">AccuGear, Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">MSP Industries Corporation</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">Metaldyne Performance Group Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">MPG Holdco I Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">Metaldyne BSM, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">Metaldyne M&amp;A Bluffton, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">Metaldyne Powertrain Components, Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">Metaldyne Sintered Ridgway, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">Metaldyne SinterForged Products, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">Punchcraft Machining and Tooling, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">HHI FormTech, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">Jernberg Industries, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">Impact Forge Group, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">ASP HHI Holdings, Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">ASP HHI Acquisition Co., Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">ASP MD Holdings, Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">MD Investors Corporation</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">Metaldyne, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">Gear Design and Manufacturing, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">AAM Powder Metal Components, Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">ASP Grede Intermediate Holdings LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">HHI Holdings, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">Rochester Manufacturing, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 5.35pt; font-size: 11pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase">AAM Casting Corp.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-left: 5.75pt">By</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.75pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%; padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-left: 5.75pt">
        <P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 11.15pt"><U>/s/ Shannon J. Curry&#9;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&#8239;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8239;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</U></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 11.15pt">Name: Shannon J. Curry&#9;</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-left: 5.75pt">
        <P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 11.15pt">Title: Vice President &amp; Treasurer</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 11.15pt; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>
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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-bottom: 12pt; padding-left: 5.75pt; text-transform: uppercase">JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., <FONT STYLE="text-transform: none">individually and as Administrative Agent </FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-left: 0.15in">By</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.75pt">/s/ Gene Riego de Dios</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-left: 5.75pt">Name:&nbsp;&nbsp;Gene Riego de Dios</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-left: 5.75pt">Title:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Executive Director</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.75pt; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>
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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
        <P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><U>LENDERS</U></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">SIGNATURE PAGE TO THE SECOND AMENDMENT TO THE CREDIT AGREEMENT DATED
        AS OF APRIL 6, 2017, AMONG AMERICAN AXLE &amp; MANUFACTURING, INC., AMERICAN AXLE &amp; MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS, INC., THE LENDERS
        AND ISSUING BANKS PARTY THERETO AND JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">Name of Institution:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">By</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 47%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">/s/ Brian Lukehart</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Name:&nbsp;Brian Lukehart</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Title: &nbsp; &nbsp;Managing Director</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>
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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">Name of Institution:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">BARCLAYS BANK PLC</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">By</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 47%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">/s/ Craig Malloy</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Name:&nbsp;Craig Malloy</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Title: &nbsp;&nbsp; Director</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>
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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">Name of Institution:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">ROYAL BANK OF CANADA</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">By</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">/s/ Nikhil Madhok</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Name:&nbsp;Nikhil Madhok</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Title: Authorized Signatory</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>
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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">Name of Institution:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">CITIBANK, N.A.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">By</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">/s/ Matthew S. Burke </TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Name:&nbsp;Matthew S. Burke</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Title: Vice President &amp; Managing Director</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>
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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">Name of Institution:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">BMO HARRIS BANK N.A.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">By</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">/s/ Andrew Berryman</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Name:&nbsp;Andrew Berryman</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Title: Vice President</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">Name of Institution:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">By</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">/s/ Scott Neiderheide</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Name:&nbsp;&nbsp;Scott Neiderheide</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Title: Senior Vice President</TD></TR>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">Name of Institution:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">By</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">/s/ Jeffrey S. Johnson</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Name:&nbsp;&nbsp;Jeffrey S. Johnson</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Title: Senior Vice President</TD></TR>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">Name of Institution:</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">CITIZENS BANK, N.A.</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">By</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">/s/ Stephen A. Maenhout</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Name:&nbsp;&nbsp;Stephen A. Maenhout</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Title: Senior Vice President</TD></TR>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">Name of Institution:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">MIZUHO BANK, LTD.</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">By</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">/s/ <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.25pt">Donna </FONT><FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.2pt">DeMagistris</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Name:&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.25pt">Donna </FONT><FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.2pt">DeMagistris</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Title: Authorized Signatory &nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">Name of Institution:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">THE HUNTINGTON NATIONAL BANK</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">By</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">/s/ <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.25pt">Steve J. McCormack</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Name:&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.25pt">Steve J. McCormack</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Title:&nbsp;&nbsp;Senior Vice President&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">Name of Institution:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">KEYBANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">By</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">/s/ <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.25pt">Eric W. Domin</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Name:&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.25pt">Eric W. Domin</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Title:&nbsp;&nbsp;Vice President&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">Name of Institution:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">HSBC BANK USA, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">By</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">/s/ <FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.25pt">Kyle Patterson</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Name:&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="letter-spacing: -0.25pt">Kyle Patterson</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 19.85pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt;">Title:&nbsp;&nbsp;Senior Vice President&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>axl-20200428.xsd
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL SCHEMA FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" ?>
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	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>axl-20200428_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL LABEL FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
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<span style="display: none;">v3.20.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6605919040">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 28, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Apr. 28,  2020<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">1-14303<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">AMERICAN AXLE & MANUFACTURING HOLDINGS INC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001062231<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">38-3161171<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">One Dauch Drive<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Detroit<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">MI<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">48211-1198<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(313)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">758-2000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">AXL<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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