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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Notes) | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Text Block] | 4. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2021:
|  |  |  |  | Consolidated
|  |  |  |  | (in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  | $ | 185.7 |
Foreign currency translation |  |  |  |  | (1.0) |
Balance at March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  | $ | 184.7 |
We conduct our annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of each year, as well as whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate a possible impairment. In performing this test, we utilize a third-party valuation specialist to assist management in determining the fair value of our reporting units. Fair value of each reporting unit is estimated based on a combination of discounted cash flows and the use of pricing multiples derived from an analysis of comparable public companies multiplied against historical and/or anticipated financial metrics of each reporting unit. These calculations contain uncertainties as they require management to make assumptions including, but not limited to, market comparables, future cash flows of the reporting units, and appropriate discount and long-term growth rates. This fair value determination is categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. In the first quarter of 2020, the reduction in global automotive production volumes caused by the impact of COVID-19 represented an indicator to test our goodwill for impairment. This reduction in production volumes began in March of 2020 and resulted in lower forecasted sales volumes in the periods included in our long-range plan as revised in the first quarter of 2020. As a result of this goodwill impairment test in the first quarter of 2020, we determined that the carrying values of both our Driveline and Metal Forming reporting units were greater than their respective fair values. As such, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $510.0 million in the first quarter of 2020, of which $210.8 million was associated with our Driveline reporting unit and $299.2 million was associated with our Metal Forming reporting unit. The Metal Forming impairment charge represented a full impairment of the goodwill associated with that reporting unit. As a result, all remaining goodwill is attributable to our Driveline reporting unit. These impairment charges were primarily the result of a decline in the projected cash flows of these reporting units under our revised long-range plan completed in the first quarter of 2020. The revision to our long-range plan was driven by lower forecasted sales volumes in the internal and external data sources used to form our projections primarily due to the reduction in global automotive production volumes caused by the impact of COVID-19. The impairment charges were also the result of changes in certain market-related inputs to the analysis to reflect macro-economic changes caused by the impact of COVID-19, including increased discount rates and lower pricing multiples for comparable public companies. At March 31, 2021, accumulated goodwill impairment losses were $1,435.5 million. The reduction in production volumes and changes to macro-economic factors caused by the impact of COVID-19 also represented an indicator to test our long-lived assets, including other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, for impairment. We completed this test in the first quarter of 2020 and there was no impairment of these assets. Other Intangible Assets The following table provides a reconciliation of the gross carrying amount and associated accumulated amortization for AAM's other intangible assets, which are all subject to amortization:
| March 31, |  | December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020
| Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
| (in millions)
Capitalized computer software | $ | 47.9 |  |  | $ | (35.3) |  |  | $ | 12.6 |  |  | $ | 47.6 |  |  | $ | (33.9) |  |  | $ | 13.7 |
Customer platforms | 856.2 |  |  | (253.7) |  |  | 602.5 |  |  | 856.2 |  |  | (237.9) |  |  | 618.3 |
Customer relationships | 53.0 |  |  | (13.7) |  |  | 39.3 |  |  | 53.0 |  |  | (12.8) |  |  | 40.2 |
Technology and other | 156.3 |  |  | (51.3) |  |  | 105.0 |  |  | 156.7 |  |  | (48.2) |  |  | 108.5 |
Total | $ | 1,113.4 |  |  | $ | (354.0) |  |  | $ | 759.4 |  |  | $ | 1,113.5 |  |  | $ | (332.8) |  |  | $ | 780.7 |
Amortization expense for our intangible assets was $21.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, and $21.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for the years 2021 through 2025 is expected to be in the range of approximately $80 million to $85 million per year.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for goodwill and intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144416 + Details
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