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Segment Reporting (Notes)
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]
16. SEGMENT REPORTING

Our business is organized into Driveline and Metal Forming segments, with each representing a reportable segment under ASC 280 Segment Reporting. The results of each segment are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker to assess the performance of the segment and make decisions regarding the allocation of resources to the segments.

Our product offerings by segment are as follows:

•Driveline products consist primarily of front and rear axles, driveshafts, differential assemblies, clutch modules, balance shaft systems, disconnecting driveline technology, and electric and hybrid driveline products and systems for light trucks, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), crossover vehicles, passenger cars and commercial vehicles; and
•Metal Forming products consist primarily of axle and transmission shafts, ring and pinion gears, differential gears and assemblies, connecting rods and variable valve timing products for Original Equipment Manufacturers and Tier 1 automotive suppliers.

We use Segment Adjusted EBITDA as the measure of earnings to assess the performance of each segment and determine the resources to be allocated to the segments. We define EBITDA to be earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA for our reportable segments excluding the impact of restructuring and acquisition-related costs, debt refinancing and redemption costs, loss on the sale of a business, impairment charges, pension settlements, unrealized gains or losses on equity securities, and non-recurring items.

The following tables represent information by reportable segment for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (in millions):
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
DrivelineMetal FormingTotal
Sales$1,061.8 $481.8 $1,543.6 
Less: Intersegment sales1.1 106.3 107.4 
Net external sales$1,060.7 $375.5 $1,436.2 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$132.5 $63.6 $196.1 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
DrivelineMetal FormingTotal
Sales$1,026.1 $489.3 $1,515.4 
Less: Intersegment sales1.1 89.2 90.3 
Net external sales$1,025.0 $400.1 $1,425.1 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$170.5 $92.4 $262.9 
The following table represents a reconciliation of Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA to consolidated income before income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:
Three Months Ended March 31,
20222021
(in millions)
Total segment adjusted EBITDA$196.1 $262.9 
Interest expense(44.7)(51.1)
Depreciation and amortization(120.4)(142.0)
Restructuring and acquisition-related costs(8.9)(17.5)
Loss on sale of business— (2.6)
Unrealized loss on equity securities(18.0)— 
Debt refinancing and redemption costs(5.6)(1.1)
Non-recurring items:
Malvern Fire charges, net of recoveries5.5 (1.2)
Income before income taxes$4.0 $47.4