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Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets [Abstract] |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Text Block] | 3. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022:
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Consolidated
|  |  |  |  |  |  | (in millions)
Balance as of January 1, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 183.8 |
Foreign currency translation |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2.2) |
Balance as of December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 181.6 |
Foreign currency translation |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.5 |
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 182.1 |
We conduct our annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of each year, as well as whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate a possible impairment. In performing this test, we utilize a third-party valuation specialist to assist management in determining the fair value of our reporting units. Fair value of each reporting unit is estimated based on a combination of discounted cash flows and the use of pricing multiples derived from an analysis of comparable public companies multiplied against historical and/or anticipated financial metrics of each reporting unit. These calculations contain uncertainties as they require management to make assumptions including, but not limited to, market comparables, future cash flows of the reporting units, and appropriate discount and long-term growth rates. This fair value determination is categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. We completed our annual goodwill impairment test for our Driveline reporting unit in the fourth quarter of 2023 and no impairment was identified. At December 31, 2023, accumulated goodwill impairment losses were $1,435.5 million. Other Intangible Assets The following table provides a reconciliation of the gross carrying amount and associated accumulated amortization for AAM's other intangible assets, which are all subject to amortization, as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
| December 31, |  | December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
| (in millions)
Capitalized computer software | $ | 54.2 |  |  | $ | (49.2) |  |  | $ | 5.0 |  |  | $ | 52.2 |  |  | $ | (43.2) |  |  | $ | 9.0 |
Customer platforms | 856.2 |  |  | (428.2) |  |  | 428.0 |  |  | 856.2 |  |  | (364.7) |  |  | 491.5 |
Customer relationships | 53.0 |  |  | (23.1) |  |  | 29.9 |  |  | 53.0 |  |  | (19.7) |  |  | 33.3 |
Technology and other | 154.3 |  |  | (84.4) |  |  | 69.9 |  |  | 154.1 |  |  | (71.7) |  |  | 82.4 |
Total | $ | 1,117.7 |  |  | $ | (584.9) |  |  | $ | 532.8 |  |  | $ | 1,115.5 |  |  | $ | (499.3) |  |  | $ | 616.2 |
Amortization expense for our intangible assets was $85.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, $85.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, and $85.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Amortization expense for the years 2024 through 2028 is expected to be in the range of approximately $80 million to $85 million per year.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for goodwill and intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 350 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//350/tableOfContent + Details
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