Long-Term Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

4. LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt, net consists of the following:


	December 31,
	2024		2023
	(in millions)
Revolving credit facility	$	—	$	—



Term Loan A Facility	484.3		484.3
Term Loan B Facility	648.0		648.0
6.875% Notes due 2028	400.0		400.0

6.50% Notes due 2027	500.0		500.0
6.25% Notes due 2026	—		127.6


5.00% Notes due 2029	600.0		600.0
Non-U.S. credit facilities	27.6		51.8

Total debt	2,659.9		2,811.7
Less: Current portion of long-term debt	47.9		17.0
Long-term debt	2,612.0		2,794.7
Less: Debt issuance costs	35.1		42.8
Long-term debt, net	$	2,576.9	$	2,751.9

SENIOR SECURED CREDIT FACILITIES Holdings and American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. (AAM, Inc.) are parties to an amended and restated credit agreement that was entered into on March 11, 2022 and amended on December 13, 2022, June 28, 2023 and May 16, 2024 (as so amended, the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) which provides for a term loan A facility (the Term Loan A Facility), term loan B facility (the Term Loan B Facility) and a multi-currency revolving credit facility (the Revolving Credit Facility and together with the Term Loan A Facility and the Term Loan B Facility, the Senior Secured Credit Facilities).

On May 16, 2024, Holdings and AAM, Inc. entered into a refinancing facility agreement (the Refinancing Facility Agreement), that established a new Term Loan B Facility of $648.0 million (the New Term Loan B Facility) and amended the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement to, among other things, update the applicable interest rate on the New Term Loan B Facility. The proceeds from the New Term Loan B Facility, together with $2.2 million cash on hand, were used to a) prepay the entire principal amount of the then-outstanding Term Loan B Facility, b) pay all accrued and unpaid interest due under the then-outstanding Term Loan B Facility and c) pay fees, costs and expenses payable in connection with the refinancing of the Term Loan B Facility. The New Term Loan B Facility will mature on December 13, 2029 (TLB Maturity), subject to a springing maturity that will apply if on any date prior to the TLB Maturity any of AAM's senior notes exceed $250 million outstanding within 91 days of the maturity date of such senior notes. In connection with the Refinancing Facility Agreement, we paid $1.7 million of debt issuance costs and paid accrued interest of $0.5 million relating to the Term Loan B Facility. The terms of the Term Loan A Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, including their respective interest rates and maturity dates in the first quarter of 2027, remain unchanged.

On June 28, 2023, Holdings and AAM, Inc. entered into the First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the First Amendment), which, among other things, increased the maximum levels of the total net leverage ratio covenant and reduced the minimum levels of cash interest expense coverage ratio covenant for the period from June 28, 2023 through the filing of our second quarter 2024 results, subject to certain conditions (the Amendment Period), modified certain categories of the applicable margin (determined based on the total net leverage ratio of Holdings) for the duration of the Amendment Period with respect to interest rates under the Term Loan A Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility, and modified certain covenants restricting the ability of Holdings, AAM, Inc. and certain subsidiaries of Holdings to create, incur, assume, or permit to exist certain additional indebtedness and liens and to make or agree to pay or make certain restricted payments, voluntary payments and distributions. As of the date of the First Amendment, the terms of the then-outstanding Term Loan B Facility under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, including maturity dates, interest rates and their applicable margins, remained unchanged.

We paid debt issuance costs of $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2023 related to the First Amendment. The Amendment Period is no longer in effect following the filing of our second quarter 2024 results in August 2024. In 2022, we expensed $0.6 million of debt refinancing costs, paid accrued interest of $3.4 million, and paid debt issuance costs of $31.4 million related to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

At December 31, 2024, we had $892.2 million available under the Revolving Credit Facility. This availability reflects a reduction of $32.8 million primarily for standby letters of credit issued against the facility. The proceeds of the Revolving Credit Facility are used for general corporate purposes.

In 2023, we made voluntary prepayments totaling $26.0 million on our Term Loan A Facility and $20.2 million on our Term Loan B Facility. As a result, we expensed approximately $1.1 million for the write-off of a portion of the unamortized debt issuance costs that we had been amortizing over the expected life of these borrowings.

In 2022, prior to amending the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement in the fourth quarter, we made voluntary prepayments totaling $100.0 million on our then-outstanding Term Loan B Facility. As a result, we expensed approximately $0.6 million for the write-off of a portion of the unamortized debt issuance costs that we had been amortizing over the expected life of this borrowing.

The Senior Secured Credit Facilities provide back-up liquidity for our non-U.S. credit facilities. We intend to use the availability of long-term financing under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities to refinance any current maturities related to such debt agreements that are not otherwise refinanced on a long-term basis in their local markets, except where otherwise reclassified to Current portion of long-term debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

REDEMPTION OF 6.25% NOTES DUE 2026 During the year ended December 31, 2024, we voluntarily redeemed and repurchased the remaining portion of our 6.25% Notes due 2026. This resulted in principal payments totaling $127.6 million and $2.2 million in accrued interest. We also expensed approximately $0.4 million for the write-off of a portion of the unamortized debt issuance costs that we had been amortizing over the expected life of the borrowing.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, we voluntarily redeemed a portion of our 6.25% Notes due 2026. This resulted in a principal payment of $50.0 million and $0.9 million in accrued interest. We also expensed approximately $0.2 million for the write-off of a portion of the unamortized debt issuance costs that we had been amortizing over the expected life of the borrowing. In the fourth quarter of 2023, we also completed an open market repurchase of our 6.25% Notes due 2026 of $2.4 million.

In the first quarter of 2022, we also voluntarily redeemed a portion of our 6.25% Notes due 2026. This resulted in a principal payment of $220.0 million and $0.2 million in accrued interest. We also expensed approximately $1.8 million for the write-off of a portion of the unamortized debt issuance costs that we had been amortizing over the expected life of the borrowing and approximately $3.4 million for the payment of an early redemption premium.

NON-U.S. CREDIT FACILITIES We utilize local currency credit facilities to finance the operations of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries. These credit facilities, some of which are guaranteed by Holdings and/or AAM, Inc., expire at various dates through September 2028. At December 31, 2024, $27.6 million was outstanding under our non-U.S. credit facilities and an additional $78.2 million was available. At December 31, 2023, $51.8 million was outstanding under these facilities and an additional $84.7 million was available.

FINANCING RELATED TO THE PENDING COMBINATION WITH DOWLAIS In connection with the Business Combination, Holdings and AAM, Inc., entered into a credit agreement (the Backstop Credit Agreement) pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, the lenders party thereto agreed to provide AAM, Inc. with: (i) $484.25 million in Tranche A Term Loans; (ii) $1,491.0 million in Tranche B Term Loans; and (iii) $1,250.0 million in revolving loans. Additionally, and in connection with the Business Combination, on January 29, 2025, Holdings and AAM, Inc. entered into: (i) a First Lien Bridge Credit Agreement pursuant to which the lenders party thereto have agreed to provide AAM, Inc. with a $843.0 million interim loan facility (the First Lien Bridge Facility); and (ii) a Second Lien Bridge Credit Agreement pursuant to which the lenders party thereto have agreed to provide AAM, Inc. with a $500.0 million interim loan facility (the Second Lien Bridge Facility and together with the First Lien Bridge Facility, the Bridge Facilities). The proceeds of the commitments provided under the Backstop Credit Agreement and Bridge Facilities, or of other permanent financing that replaces such facilities, which may include the issuance of debt securities and/or one or more senior term loan facilities, will be used, among other things, to finance the cash consideration payable to Dowlais shareholders pursuant to the Business Combination and expenses payable in connection with the Business Combination (including debt refinancing costs) and to refinance borrowings under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement in full.

DEBT MATURITIES Aggregate maturities of long-term debt are as follows (in millions):


2025	$	52.0
2026	62.3
2027	900.0
2028	411.2
2029	1,234.4
Thereafter	—
Total	$	2,659.9

INTEREST EXPENSE AND INTEREST INCOME Interest expense was $186.0 million in 2024, $201.7 million in 2023 and $174.5 million in 2022.

We capitalized interest of $10.7 million in 2024, $8.0 million in 2023 and $6.6 million in 2022. The weighted-average interest rate of our long-term debt outstanding at December 31, 2024 was 6.5%, as compared to 7.1% and 6.6% at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Interest income was $28.1 million in 2024, $26.2 million in 2023 and $17.0 million in 2022. Interest income primarily includes interest earned on cash and cash equivalents and the deferred payment obligation associated with the sale of our former Casting segment.