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Outstanding Exposure | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Outstanding Exposure Disclosure |
Outstanding Exposure | Outstanding Exposure The Company sells credit protection primarily in financial guaranty insurance form. The Company may also sell credit protection by issuing policies that guarantee payment obligations under credit default swaps (CDS). The Company’s contracts accounted for as credit derivatives are generally structured such that the circumstances giving rise to the Company’s obligation to make loss payments are similar to those for its financial guaranty insurance contracts. The Company has not entered into any new CDS in order to sell credit protection in the U.S. since the beginning of 2009, when regulatory guidelines were issued that limited the terms under which such protection could be sold by its U.S. Insurance Subsidiaries. The Company has, however, acquired or reinsured portfolios since 2009 that include financial guaranty contracts in credit derivative form. The Company seeks to limit its exposure to losses by underwriting obligations that it views to be investment grade at inception, although on occasion it may underwrite new issuances that it views to be below-investment grade (BIG), typically as part of its loss mitigation strategy for existing troubled exposures. The Company also seeks to acquire portfolios of insurance from financial guarantors that are no longer writing new business by acquiring such companies, providing reinsurance on a portfolio of insurance or reassuming a portfolio of reinsurance it had previously ceded; in such instances, it evaluates the risk characteristics of the target portfolio, which may include some BIG exposures, as a whole in the context of the proposed transaction. The Company diversifies its insured portfolio across sector and geography and, in the structured finance portfolio, generally requires subordination or collateral to protect it from loss. Reinsurance may be used in order to reduce net exposure to certain insured transactions. Public finance obligations insured by the Company primarily consist of general obligation bonds supported by the taxing powers of U.S. state or municipal governmental authorities, as well as tax-supported bonds, revenue bonds and other obligations supported by covenants from state or municipal governmental authorities or other municipal obligors to impose and collect fees and charges for public services or specific infrastructure projects. The Company includes within public finance obligations those obligations backed by the cash flow from leases or other revenues from projects serving substantial public purposes, including utilities, toll roads, healthcare facilities and government office buildings. The Company also includes within public finance obligations similar obligations issued by territorial and non-U.S. sovereign and sub-sovereign issuers and governmental authorities. Structured finance obligations insured by the Company are generally issued by special purpose entities, including VIEs, and backed by pools of assets having an ascertainable cash flow or market value or other specialized financial obligations. Some of these VIEs are consolidated as described in Note 8, Financial Guaranty Variable Interest Entities and Consolidated Investment Vehicles. Unless otherwise specified, the outstanding par and debt service amounts presented in this note include outstanding exposures on these VIEs whether or not they are consolidated. The Company also writes specialty business that is consistent with its risk profile and benefits from its underwriting experience and other types of financial guaranties. Significant Risk Management Activities The Portfolio Risk Management Committee, which includes members of senior management and senior risk and surveillance officers, is responsible for enterprise risk management for the Insurance segment and focuses on measuring and managing insurance credit, market and liquidity risk for the Company. This committee establishes company-wide credit policy for the Company’s direct and assumed insurance business. It implements specific insurance underwriting procedures and limits for the Company and allocates underwriting capacity among the Company’s insurance subsidiaries. All insurance transactions in new asset classes or new jurisdictions must be approved by this committee. The U.S., AG Re and AGRO risk management committees and AGUK’s and AGE’s (the European Insurance Subsidiaries) surveillance committees conduct in-depth reviews of the insured portfolios of the relevant subsidiaries, focusing on varying portions of the portfolio at each meeting. They review and may revise internal ratings assigned to the insured transactions and review sector reports, monthly product line surveillance reports and compliance reports. All transactions in the insured portfolio are assigned internal credit ratings by the relevant underwriting committee at inception, and such credit ratings are updated by the relevant risk management or surveillance committee based on changes in transaction credit quality. As part of the surveillance process, the Company monitors trends and changes in transaction credit quality, and recommends such remedial actions as may be necessary or appropriate. The Company also develops strategies to enforce its contractual rights and remedies and to mitigate its losses, engage in negotiation discussions with transaction participants and, when necessary, manage the Company’s litigation proceedings. Surveillance Categories The Company segregates its insured portfolio into investment grade and BIG surveillance categories to facilitate the appropriate allocation of resources to monitoring and loss mitigation efforts and to aid in establishing the appropriate cycle for periodic review of each exposure. BIG exposures include all exposures with internal credit ratings below BBB-. The Company’s internal credit ratings are based on internal assessments of the likelihood of default and loss severity in the event of default. Internal credit ratings are expressed on a ratings scale similar to that used by the rating agencies and generally reflect an approach similar to that employed by the rating agencies, except that the Company’s internal credit ratings focus on future performance rather than lifetime performance. The Company classifies those portions of risks benefiting from reimbursement obligations collateralized by eligible assets held in trust in acceptable reimbursement structures as being the higher of AA or their current internal rating. Unless otherwise noted, ratings disclosed herein on the Company’s insured portfolio reflect its internal ratings. The Company monitors its insured portfolio and refreshes its internal credit ratings on individual exposures in quarterly, semi-annual or annual cycles based on the Company’s view of the exposure’s credit quality, loss potential, volatility and sector. Ratings on exposures in sectors identified as under the most stress or with the most potential volatility are reviewed every quarter, although the Company may also review a rating in response to developments impacting a credit when a ratings review is not scheduled. For assumed exposures, the Company may use the ceding company’s credit ratings of transactions where it is impractical for it to assign its own rating. Exposures identified as BIG are subjected to further review to determine the probability of a loss. See Note 4, Expected Loss to be Paid (Recovered), for additional information. Surveillance personnel then assign each BIG transaction to one of the three BIG surveillance categories described below based upon whether a future loss is expected and whether a claim has been paid. The Company uses the pre-tax book yield of the relevant subsidiary’s investment portfolio to calculate the present value of projected payments and recoveries and determine whether a future loss is expected in order to assign the appropriate BIG surveillance category to a transaction. For financial statement measurement purposes, the Company uses risk-free rates, which are determined each quarter, to calculate the expected loss. More extensive monitoring and intervention are employed for all BIG surveillance categories, with internal credit ratings reviewed quarterly. For purposes of determining the appropriate surveillance category, the Company expects “future losses” on a transaction when the Company believes there is at least a 50% chance that, on a present value basis, it will in the future pay claims on that transaction that will not be fully reimbursed. The three BIG surveillance categories are: •BIG Category 1: Below-investment-grade transactions showing sufficient deterioration to make future losses possible, but for which none are currently expected. •BIG Category 2: Below-investment-grade transactions for which future losses are expected but for which no claims (other than liquidity claims, which are claims that the Company expects to be reimbursed within one year) have yet been paid. •BIG Category 3: Below-investment-grade transactions for which future losses are expected and on which claims (other than liquidity claims) have been paid. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic The emergence and continuation of COVID-19 and reactions to it, including various intermittent closures and capacity and travel restrictions, have had a profound effect on the global economy and financial markets. The ultimate size, depth, course and duration of the pandemic, and the effectiveness, acceptance, and distribution of vaccines and therapeutics for it, remain unknown, and the governmental and private responses to the pandemic continue to evolve. Due to the nature of the Company’s business, COVID-19 and its global impact, directly and indirectly affected certain sectors in the insured portfolio. Shortly after the pandemic reached the U.S. through early 2021 the Company’s surveillance department conducted supplemental periodic surveillance procedures to monitor the impact on its insured portfolio of COVID-19 and governmental and private responses to COVID-19, with emphasis on state and local governments and entities that were already experiencing significant budget deficits and pension funding and revenue shortfalls, as well as obligations supported by revenue streams most impacted by various intermittent closures and capacity and travel restrictions or an economic downturn. Given the significant federal funding to state and local governments in 2021 and the performance it observed, the Company’s surveillance department has reduced these supplemental procedures. However, the Company is still monitoring those sectors it identified as most at risk for any developments related to COVID-19. The Company has paid only relatively small insurance claims it believes are due at least in part to credit stress arising specifically from COVID-19, and has already received reimbursement for most of those claims. Financial Guaranty Exposure The Company measures its financial guaranty exposure in terms of: (i) gross and net par outstanding; and (ii) gross and net debt service. The Company typically guarantees the payment of debt service when due. Since most of these payments are due in the future, the Company generally uses gross and net par outstanding as a proxy for its financial guaranty exposure. Gross par outstanding generally represents the principal amount of the insured obligation at a point in time. Net par outstanding equals gross par outstanding net of any reinsurance. The Company includes in its par outstanding calculation the impact of any consumer price index inflator to the reporting date as well as, in the case of accreting (zero-coupon) obligations, accretion to the reporting date. Foreign denominated par outstanding is translated at the spot rate at the end of the reporting period. The Company has, from time to time, purchased securities that it has insured, and for which it had expected losses to be paid (Loss Mitigation Securities), in order to mitigate the economic effect of insured losses. The Company excludes amounts attributable to Loss Mitigation Securities from par and debt service outstanding, and instead reports Loss Mitigation Securities in the investment portfolio, because the Company manages such securities as investments and not insurance exposure. As of both December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company excluded from net par outstanding $1.3 billion attributable to Loss Mitigation Securities. Gross debt service outstanding represents the sum of all estimated future debt service payments on the insured obligations, on an undiscounted basis. Net debt service outstanding equals gross debt service outstanding net of any reinsurance. Future debt service payments include the impact of any consumer price index inflator after the reporting date, as well as, in the case of accreting (zero-coupon) obligations, accretion after the reporting date. The Company calculates its debt service outstanding as follows: •for insured obligations that are not supported by homogeneous pools of assets (which category includes most of the Company’s public finance transactions), as the total estimated contractual future debt service due through maturity, regardless of whether the obligations may be called and regardless of whether, in the case of obligations where principal payments are due when an underlying asset makes a principal payment, the Company believes the obligations will be repaid prior to contractual maturity; and •for insured obligations that are supported by homogeneous pools of assets that are contractually permitted to prepay principal (which category includes, for example, residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS)), as the total estimated expected future debt service due on insured obligations through their respective expected terms, which includes the Company’s expectations as to whether the obligations may be called and, in the case of obligations where principal payments are due when an underlying asset makes a principal payment, when the Company expects principal payments to be made prior to contractual maturity. The calculation of debt service requires the use of estimates, which the Company updates periodically, including estimates and assumptions for the expected remaining term of insured obligations supported by homogeneous pools of assets, updated interest rates for floating and variable rate insured obligations, behavior of consumer price indices for obligations with consumer price index inflators, foreign exchange rates and other assumptions based on the characteristics of each insured obligation. Debt service is a measure of the estimated maximum potential exposure to insured obligations before considering the Company’s various legal rights to the underlying collateral and other remedies available to it under its financial guaranty contract. Actual debt service may differ from estimated debt service due to refundings, terminations, negotiated restructurings, prepayments, changes in interest rates on variable rate insured obligations, consumer price index behavior differing from that projected, changes in foreign exchange rates on non-U.S. dollar denominated insured obligations and other factors. Financial Guaranty Portfolio Debt Service and Par Outstanding
| As of December 31, 2022 |  | As of December 31, 2021
| Gross |  | Net |  | Gross |  | Net
| (in millions)
Debt Service |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Public finance | $ | 359,899 |  |  | $ | 359,703 |  |  | $ | 357,694 |  |  | $ | 357,314 |
Structured finance | 10,273 |  |  | 10,248 |  |  | 10,076 |  |  | 10,046 |
Total financial guaranty | $ | 370,172 |  |  | $ | 369,951 |  |  | $ | 367,770 |  |  | $ | 367,360 |
Par Outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Public finance | $ | 224,254 |  |  | $ | 224,099 |  |  | $ | 227,507 |  |  | $ | 227,164 |
Structured finance | 9,184 |  |  | 9,159 |  |  | 9,258 |  |  | 9,228 |
Total financial guaranty | $ | 233,438 |  |  | $ | 233,258 |  |  | $ | 236,765 |  |  | $ | 236,392 |
In addition to amounts shown in the table above, the Company had outstanding commitments to provide guaranties of $220 million of public finance gross par and $792 million of structured finance direct gross par as of December 31, 2022. These commitments are contingent on the satisfaction of all conditions set forth in them and may expire unused or be canceled at the counterparty’s request. Therefore, the total commitment amount does not necessarily reflect actual future guaranteed amounts. Financial Guaranty Portfolio by Internal Rating As of December 31, 2022
|  | Public Finance U.S. |  | Public Finance Non-U.S. |  | Structured Finance U.S. |  | Structured Finance Non-U.S. |  | Total
Rating Category |  | Net Par Outstanding |  | % |  | Net Par Outstanding |  | % |  | Net Par Outstanding |  | % |  | Net Par Outstanding |  | % |  | Net Par Outstanding |  | %
|  | (dollars in millions)
AAA |  | $ | 222 |  |  | 0.1 | % |  | $ | 1,967 |  |  | 4.4 | % |  | $ | 926 |  |  | 11.2 | % |  | $ | 469 |  |  | 50.4 | % |  | $ | 3,584 |  |  | 1.5 | %
AA |  | 16,241 |  |  | 9.1 |  |  | 3,497 |  |  | 7.9 |  |  | 4,633 |  |  | 56.3 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 24,383 |  |  | 10.5 |
A |  | 96,807 |  |  | 53.9 |  |  | 9,271 |  |  | 20.9 |  |  | 1,075 |  |  | 13.1 |  |  | 340 |  |  | 36.5 |  |  | 107,493 |  |  | 46.1 |
BBB |  | 62,570 |  |  | 34.8 |  |  | 28,747 |  |  | 64.6 |  |  | 479 |  |  | 5.8 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 11.8 |  |  | 91,906 |  |  | 39.4 |
BIG |  | 3,796 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 981 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 1,115 |  |  | 13.6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,892 |  |  | 2.5 |
Total net par outstanding |  | $ | 179,636 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 44,463 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 8,228 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 931 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 233,258 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Financial Guaranty Portfolio by Internal Rating As of December 31, 2021
|  | Public Finance U.S. |  | Public Finance Non-U.S. |  | Structured Finance U.S. |  | Structured Finance Non-U.S. |  | Total
Rating Category |  | Net Par Outstanding |  | % |  | Net Par Outstanding |  | % |  | Net Par Outstanding |  | % |  | Net Par Outstanding |  | % |  | Net Par Outstanding |  | %
|  | (dollars in millions)
AAA |  | $ | 272 |  |  | 0.2 | % |  | $ | 2,217 |  |  | 4.5 | % |  | $ | 806 |  |  | 9.6 | % |  | $ | 493 |  |  | 57.7 | % |  | $ | 3,788 |  |  | 1.6 | %
AA |  | 16,372 |  |  | 9.2 |  |  | 4,205 |  |  | 8.4 |  |  | 4,760 |  |  | 56.8 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | 25,359 |  |  | 10.7 |
A |  | 94,459 |  |  | 53.3 |  |  | 10,659 |  |  | 21.3 |  |  | 813 |  |  | 9.7 |  |  | 160 |  |  | 18.7 |  |  | 106,091 |  |  | 44.9 |
BBB |  | 60,744 |  |  | 34.3 |  |  | 32,264 |  |  | 64.6 |  |  | 611 |  |  | 7.3 |  |  | 179 |  |  | 21.0 |  |  | 93,798 |  |  | 39.7 |
BIG |  | 5,372 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 600 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 1,384 |  |  | 16.6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,356 |  |  | 3.1 |
Total net par outstanding |  | $ | 177,219 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 49,945 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 8,374 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 854 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 236,392 |  |  | 100.0 | %
The following tables present net par outstanding by sector for the financial guaranty portfolio. Financial Guaranty Portfolio Net Par Outstanding by Sector
|  | As of December 31,
Sector |  | 2022 |  | 2021
|  | (in millions)
Public finance: |  |  |  |
U.S. public finance: |  |  |  |
General obligation |  | $ | 71,868 |  |  | $ | 72,896 |
Tax backed |  | 33,752 |  |  | 35,726 |
Municipal utilities |  | 26,436 |  |  | 25,556 |
Transportation |  | 19,688 |  |  | 17,241 |
Healthcare |  | 11,304 |  |  | 9,588 |
Higher education |  | 7,137 |  |  | 6,927 |
Infrastructure finance |  | 6,955 |  |  | 6,329 |
Housing revenue |  | 959 |  |  | 1,000 |
Investor-owned utilities |  | 332 |  |  | 611 |
Renewable energy |  | 180 |  |  | 193 |
Other public finance |  | 1,025 |  |  | 1,152 |
Total U.S. public finance |  | 179,636 |  |  | 177,219 |
Non-U.S public finance: |  |  |  |
Regulated utilities |  | 17,855 |  |  | 18,814 |
Infrastructure finance |  | 13,915 |  |  | 16,475 |
Sovereign and sub-sovereign |  | 9,526 |  |  | 10,886 |
Renewable energy |  | 2,086 |  |  | 2,398 |
Pooled infrastructure |  | 1,081 |  |  | 1,372 |
Total non-U.S. public finance |  | 44,463 |  |  | 49,945 |
Total public finance |  | 224,099 |  |  | 227,164 |
Structured finance: |  |  |  |
U.S. structured finance: |  |  |  |
Life insurance transactions |  | 3,879 |  |  | 3,431 |
RMBS |  | 1,956 |  |  | 2,391 |
Pooled corporate obligations |  | 625 |  |  | 534 |
Financial products |  | 453 |  |  | 770 |
Consumer receivables |  | 437 |  |  | 583 |
Other structured finance |  | 878 |  |  | 665 |
Total U.S. structured finance |  | 8,228 |  |  | 8,374 |
Non-U.S. structured finance: |  |  |  |
Pooled corporate obligations |  | 344 |  |  | 351 |
RMBS |  | 263 |  |  | 325 |
Other structured finance |  | 324 |  |  | 178 |
Total non-U.S structured finance |  | 931 |  |  | 854 |
Total structured finance |  | 9,159 |  |  | 9,228 |
Total net par outstanding |  | $ | 233,258 |  |  | $ | 236,392 |
Financial Guaranty Portfolio Expected Amortization of Net Par Outstanding As of December 31, 2022
| Public Finance |  | Structured Finance |  | Total
| (in millions)
0 to 5 years | $ | 47,218 |  |  | $ | 3,093 |  |  | $ | 50,311 |
5 to 10 years | 47,902 |  |  | 2,796 |  |  | 50,698 |
10 to 15 years | 41,695 |  |  | 1,737 |  |  | 43,432 |
15 to 20 years | 31,597 |  |  | 991 |  |  | 32,588 |
20 years and above | 55,687 |  |  | 542 |  |  | 56,229 |
Total net par outstanding | $ | 224,099 |  |  | $ | 9,159 |  |  | $ | 233,258 |
Actual amortization differs from expected maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations, terminations and because of management’s assumptions on structured finance amortization. The expected maturities of structured finance obligations are, in general, considerably shorter than the contractual maturities for such obligations. Financial Guaranty Portfolio Components of BIG Net Par Outstanding As of December 31, 2022
| BIG Net Par Outstanding |  | Net Par
| BIG 1 |  | BIG 2 |  | BIG 3 |  | Total BIG |  | Outstanding
|  |  |  |  | (in millions) |  |  |  |
Public finance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. public finance | $ | 2,364 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 1,324 |  |  | $ | 3,796 |  |  | $ | 179,636 |
Non-U.S. public finance | 981 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 981 |  |  | 44,463 |
Public finance | 3,345 |  |  | 108 |  |  | 1,324 |  |  | 4,777 |  |  | 224,099 |
Structured finance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. RMBS | 18 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 953 |  |  | 1,010 |  |  | 1,956 |
Other structured finance | — |  |  | 34 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 7,203 |
Structured finance | 18 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 1,024 |  |  | 1,115 |  |  | 9,159 |
Total | $ | 3,363 |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | 2,348 |  |  | $ | 5,892 |  |  | $ | 233,258 |
Financial Guaranty Portfolio Components of BIG Net Par Outstanding As of December 31, 2021
| BIG Net Par Outstanding |  | Net Par
| BIG 1 |  | BIG 2 |  | BIG 3 |  | Total BIG |  | Outstanding
|  |  |  |  | (in millions) |  |  |  |
Public finance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. public finance | $ | 1,765 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 3,491 |  |  | $ | 5,372 |  |  | $ | 177,219 |
Non-U.S. public finance | 556 |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |  |  | 600 |  |  | 49,945 |
Public finance | 2,321 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 3,535 |  |  | 5,972 |  |  | 227,164 |
Structured finance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. RMBS | 121 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 1,120 |  |  | 1,265 |  |  | 2,391 |
Other structured finance | 1 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 119 |  |  | 6,837 |
Structured finance | 122 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 1,197 |  |  | 1,384 |  |  | 9,228 |
Total | $ | 2,443 |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | 4,732 |  |  | $ | 7,356 |  |  | $ | 236,392 |
Financial Guaranty Portfolio BIG Net Par Outstanding and Number of Risks As of December 31, 2022
|  | Net Par Outstanding |  | Number of Risks (2)
Description |  | Financial Guaranty Insurance (1) |  | Credit Derivatives |  | Total |  | Financial Guaranty Insurance (1) |  | Credit Derivatives |  | Total
|  | (dollars in millions)
BIG: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Category 1 |  | $ | 3,357 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 3,363 |  |  | 122 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 123 |
Category 2 |  | 171 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 16 |
Category 3 |  | 2,307 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 2,348 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 121 |
Total BIG |  | $ | 5,835 |  |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | 5,892 |  |  | 247 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 260 |
Financial Guaranty Portfolio BIG Net Par Outstanding and Number of Risks As of December 31, 2021
|  | Net Par Outstanding |  | Number of Risks (2)
Description |  | Financial Guaranty Insurance (1) |  | Credit Derivatives |  | Total |  | Financial Guaranty Insurance(1) |  | Credit Derivatives |  | Total
|  | (dollars in millions)
BIG: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Category 1 |  | $ | 2,429 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 2,443 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 119 |
Category 2 |  | 177 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 17 |
Category 3 |  | 4,687 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 4,732 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 137 |
Total BIG |  | $ | 7,293 |  |  | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | 7,356 |  |  | 262 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 273 |
_____________________ (1) Includes FG VIEs. (2) A risk represents the aggregate of the financial guaranty policies that share the same revenue source for purposes of making debt service payments. When the Company insures an obligation, it assigns the obligation to a geographic location or locations based on its view of the geographic location of the risk. The Company seeks to maintain a diversified portfolio of insured obligations designed to spread its risk across a number of geographic areas. Financial Guaranty Portfolio Geographic Distribution of Net Par Outstanding As of December 31, 2022
| Number of Risks |  | Net Par Outstanding |  | Percent of Total Net Par Outstanding
| (dollars in millions)
U.S.: |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Public finance: |  |  |  |  |
California | 1,256 |  |  | $ | 36,818 |  |  | 15.8 | %
Texas | 1,026 |  |  | 18,973 |  |  | 8.1 |
Pennsylvania | 543 |  |  | 16,142 |  |  | 6.9 |
New York | 584 |  |  | 15,580 |  |  | 6.7 |
Illinois | 498 |  |  | 12,824 |  |  | 5.5 |
New Jersey | 265 |  |  | 9,610 |  |  | 4.1 |
Florida | 211 |  |  | 7,790 |  |  | 3.4 |
Louisiana | 129 |  |  | 4,979 |  |  | 2.1 |
Michigan | 235 |  |  | 4,943 |  |  | 2.1 |
Alabama | 240 |  |  | 3,763 |  |  | 1.6 |
Other | 1,883 |  |  | 48,214 |  |  | 20.7 |
Total U.S. public finance | 6,870 |  |  | 179,636 |  |  | 77.0 |
U.S. Structured finance (multiple states) | 371 |  |  | 8,228 |  |  | 3.5 |
Total U.S. | 7,241 |  |  | 187,864 |  |  | 80.5 |
Non-U.S.: |  |  |  |  |
United Kingdom | 280 |  |  | 34,903 |  |  | 15.0 |
Canada | 5 |  |  | 1,728 |  |  | 0.7 |
Spain | 7 |  |  | 1,575 |  |  | 0.7 |
Australia | 6 |  |  | 1,506 |  |  | 0.6 |
France | 7 |  |  | 1,437 |  |  | 0.7 |
Other | 37 |  |  | 4,245 |  |  | 1.8 |
Total non-U.S. | 342 |  |  | 45,394 |  |  | 19.5 |
Total | 7,583 |  |  | $ | 233,258 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Exposure to Puerto Rico The Company had insured exposure to obligations of various authorities and public corporations of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico or the Commonwealth) as well as its general obligation bonds aggregating $1.4 billion net par outstanding as of December 31, 2022, a decrease of $2.2 billion from the $3.6 billion net par outstanding as of December 31, 2021. All of the Company’s insured exposure to Puerto Rico is rated BIG. The Company has paid claims as a result of payment defaults on all of its outstanding Puerto Rico exposures except the Municipal Finance Agency (MFA), the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA), and the University of Puerto Rico (U of PR), which have made their debt service payments on time. On June 30, 2016, the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA) was signed into law. PROMESA established a seven-member Financial Oversight and Management Board (the FOMB) with authority to require that balanced budgets and fiscal plans be adopted and implemented by Puerto Rico. Title III of PROMESA provides for a process analogous to a voluntary bankruptcy process under Chapter 9 of the United States Bankruptcy Code (Bankruptcy Code). After over five years of negotiations, in 2022 a substantial portion of the Company’s Puerto Rico exposure was resolved in accordance with four orders entered by the United States District Court of the District of Puerto Rico (Federal District Court of Puerto Rico): •On January 18, 2022, the Federal District Court of Puerto Rico, acting under Title III of PROMESA, entered an order and judgment confirming the Modified Eighth Amended Title III Joint Plan of Adjustment of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Employees Retirement System of the Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Puerto Rico Public Buildings Authority (GO/PBA Plan). •On January 20, 2022, the Federal District Court of Puerto Rico, acting under Title VI of PROMESA, entered an order under Title VI of PROMESA (PRCCDA Modification) modifying the debt of the Puerto Rico Convention Center District Authority (PRCCDA). •On January 20, 2022, the Federal District Court of Puerto Rico, acting under Title VI of PROMESA, entered another order under Title VI of PROMESA (PRIFA Modification) modifying certain debt of the Puerto Rico Infrastructure Financing Authority (PRIFA). •On October 12, 2022, the Federal District Court of Puerto Rico, acting under Title III of PROMESA, entered an order and judgment confirming the Modified Fifth Amended Title III Plan of Adjustment (HTA Plan) of the Puerto Rico Highways and Transportation Authority (PRHTA). As a result of the consummation on March 15, 2022, of each of the GO/PBA Plan, PRCCDA Modification and PRIFA Modification and the consummation on December 6, 2022 of the HTA Plan (together, the 2022 Puerto Rico Resolutions), including claim payments made by the Company under the 2022 Puerto Rico Resolutions, the Company’s obligations under its insurance policies covering debt of the PRCCDA and PRIFA were extinguished, and its insurance exposure to Puerto Rico GO, PBA and PRHTA was greatly reduced. The effect on the consolidated financial statements of the 2022 Puerto Rico Resolutions was a reduction in net par outstanding of $2.0 billion. The Company received cash, new general obligation bonds (under the GO/PBA Plan) (New GO Bonds) and new bonds backed by toll revenues (under the HTA Plan) (Toll Bonds, and together with the New GO Bonds, New Recovery Bonds) and contingent value instruments (CVIs). The New Recovery Bonds and CVIs were reported as either available-for-sale or trading fixed-maturities in either the investment portfolio or FG VIE assets. The portion of the assets that are reported in FG VIE assets relate to the portion of the GO, PBA and PRHTA insured obligations for which bondholders elected to receive custody receipts as described below. The Company is continuing its efforts to resolve the one remaining Puerto Rico insured exposure that is in payment default, the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA). Economic, political and legal developments, including inflation, increases in the cost of petroleum products and developments related to the COVID-19 pandemic, may impact any resolution of the Company’s PREPA insured exposure and the value of the consideration the Company has received in connection with the 2022 Puerto Rico Resolutions or any future resolutions of the Company’s PREPA insured exposures. The impact of developments relating to Puerto Rico during any quarter or year could be material to the Company’s results of operations and shareholders’ equity. Puerto Rico Par and Debt Service Schedules All Puerto Rico exposures are internally rated BIG. The following tables show the Company’s insured exposure to general obligation bonds of Puerto Rico and various obligations of its related authorities and public corporations. Puerto Rico Gross Par and Gross Debt Service Outstanding
| Gross Par Outstanding |  | Gross Debt Service Outstanding
| As of December 31, |  | As of December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (in millions)
Exposure to Puerto Rico | $ | 1,378 |  |  | $ | 3,629 |  |  | $ | 1,899 |  |  | $ | 5,322 |
Puerto Rico Net Par Outstanding
| As of December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
| (in millions)
Resolved Puerto Rico Exposures |  |  |
PRHTA (Transportation revenue) (1) | $ | 298 |  |  | $ | 799 |
PRHTA (Highway revenue) (1) | 182 |  |  | 457 |
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico - GO (2) | 25 |  |  | 1,097 |
PBA (2) | 4 |  |  | 122 |
PRCCDA (3) | — |  |  | 152 |
PRIFA (3) | — |  |  | 16 |
Total Resolved | 509 |  |  | 2,643 |
Other Puerto Rico Exposures |  |  |
PREPA (4) | 720 |  |  | 748 |
MFA (5) | 131 |  |  | 179 |
PRASA and U of PR (5) | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Total Other | 852 |  |  | 929 |
Total net exposure to Puerto Rico | $ | 1,361 |  |  | $ | 3,572 |
____________________ (1) Resolved on December 6, 2022, pursuant to the Modified Fifth Amended Title III Plan of Adjustment of the Puerto Rico Highways and Transportation Authority. (2) Resolved on March 15, 2022, pursuant to the Modified Eighth Amended Title III Plan of Adjustment of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Employees Retirement System of the Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Puerto Rico Public Buildings Authority. (3) Modified on March 15, 2022, pursuant to an order of the Federal District Court of Puerto Rico acting under Title VI of PROMESA. (4) This exposure is in payment default. (5) All debt service on these insured exposures have been paid to date without any insurance claim being made on the Company. The following table shows the scheduled amortization of the insured general obligation bonds of Puerto Rico and various obligations of its related authorities and public corporations. The Company guarantees payment of interest and principal when those amounts are scheduled to be paid and cannot be required to pay on an accelerated basis, although in certain circumstances it may elect to do so. In the event that obligors default on their obligations, the Company would only be required to pay the shortfall between the debt service due in any given period and the amount paid by the obligors. Amortization Schedule of Puerto Rico Net Par Outstanding and Net Debt Service Outstanding As of December 31, 2022
| Scheduled Net Par Amortization |  | Scheduled Net Debt Service Amortization
| (in millions)
2023 (January 1 - March 31) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30 |
2023 (April 1 - June 30) | — |  |  | 3 |
2023 (July 1 - September 30) | 125 |  |  | 156 |
2023 (October 1 - December 31) | — |  |  | 3 |
Subtotal 2023 | 125 |  |  | 192 |
2024 | 112 |  |  | 173 |
2025 | 96 |  |  | 150 |
2026 | 152 |  |  | 202 |
2027 | 124 |  |  | 169 |
2028-2032 | 378 |  |  | 529 |
2033-2037 | 241 |  |  | 312 |
2038-2042 | 133 |  |  | 151 |
Total | $ | 1,361 |  |  | $ | 1,878 |
PREPA As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $720 million insured net par outstanding of PREPA obligations. The PREPA obligations are secured by a lien on the revenues of the electric system. On May 3, 2019, AGM and AGC entered into a restructuring support agreement with PREPA and other stakeholders, including a group of uninsured PREPA bondholders, the Commonwealth and the FOMB (PREPA RSA). This agreement was terminated by Puerto Rico on March 8, 2022. On April 8, 2022, Judge Laura Taylor Swain of the Federal District Court of Puerto Rico issued an order appointing as members of a PREPA mediation team U.S. Bankruptcy Judges Shelley Chapman (lead mediator), Robert Drain and Brendan Shannon. Judge Swain also entered a separate order establishing the terms and conditions of mediation, including that the mediation would terminate on June 1, 2022. Judge Swain has since extended the term of such mediation several times, most recently on January 26, 2023 extending the term to April 28, 2023. On September 29, 2022, Judge Swain ordered the FOMB to file a plan of adjustment and disclosure statement by December 1, 2022 and set a schedule for litigating bondholders’ lien status. After receiving an extension from Judge Swain, the FOMB initially filed a plan of adjustment and disclosure statement for PREPA with the Federal District Court of Puerto Rico on December 16, 2022, and filed an amended version on February 9, 2023 (FOMB PREPA Plan). The FOMB PREPA Plan would split bondholders into two groups: one that would settle litigation and agree that creditor repayment is limited to existing accounts, and another group that would continue litigating that bondholders have a right to PREPA’s future revenue collections. The FOMB PREPA Plan provides for lower recoveries to bondholders than did previous agreements the FOMB reached with bondholders. Dueling summary judgment motions were made in respect of the bondholders’ lien status by the FOMB and by the PREPA bondholders on October 24, 2022. As of February 28, 2023, the Federal District Court of Puerto Rico had not issued any decisions on the motions for summary judgment on the bondholders’ lien status. The Federal District Court of Puerto Rico approved the FOMB disclosure statement on February 28, 2023, which allows bondholder solicitation on the FOMB PREPA Plan to begin. The last revised fiscal plan for PREPA was certified by the FOMB on June 28, 2022. Puerto Rico GO and PBA As of December 31, 2022, the Company had remaining $25 million of insured net par outstanding of GO bonds and $4 million of insured net par outstanding of PBA bonds. Under the GO/PBA Plan and in connection with its direct exposure the Company received cash, new general obligation bonds and CVIs (in aggregate, GO/PBA Plan Consideration) (including amounts received in connection with the second election described further below, but excluding amounts received in connection with second-to-pay exposures): •$530 million in cash, net of ceded reinsurance, •$605 million of New GO Bonds (see Note 7, Investments and Cash, and Note 8, Financial Guaranty Variable Interest Entities and Consolidated Investment Vehicles, for additional information), which represents the face value of current interest bonds and the maturity value of capital appreciation bonds, net of ceded reinsurance, and •$258 million of CVIs (see Note 7, Investments and Cash, and Note 8, Financial Guaranty Variable Interest Entities and Consolidated Investment Vehicles, for additional information), which represents the original notional value, net of ceded reinsurance. The CVIs are intended to provide creditors with additional recoveries tied to the outperformance of the Puerto Rico 5.5% Sales and Use Tax (SUT) receipts against May 2020 certified fiscal plan projections, subject to annual and lifetime caps. The notional amount of a CVI represents the sum of the maximum distributions the holder could receive under the CVI, subject to the cumulative and annual caps, if the SUT sufficiently exceeds 2020 certified fiscal plan projections, without any discount for time. The Company has sold most of the New GO Bonds and CVIs it received on March 15, 2022, and may sell in the future any New GO Bonds or CVIs it continues to hold. The fair value of any New GO Bonds or CVIs the Company retains will fluctuate. Any gains or losses on sales of New GO Bonds and CVIs in the investment portfolio, were and will be reported as realized gains and losses on investments and fair value gains (losses) on trading securities, respectively, rather than loss and LAE. In August 2021, the Company exercised certain elections under the GO/PBA Plan that impact the timing of payments under its insurance policies. In accordance with the terms of the GO/PBA Plan, the payment of the principal of all GO bonds and PBA bonds insured by the Company was accelerated against the Commonwealth and became due and payable as of March 15, 2022. Insured holders of noncallable insured bonds covered by the GO/PBA Plan (representing $102 million of net par outstanding as of December 31, 2021) were permitted to elect either: (i) to receive on March 15, 2022, 100% of the then outstanding principal amount of insured bonds plus accrued interest; or (ii) to receive custody receipts that represent an interest in the legacy insurance policy plus GO/PBA Plan Consideration that constitute distributions under the GO/PBA Plan. For those who made the second election, distributions of GO/PBA Plan Consideration are immediately passed through to insured bondholders under the custody receipts to the extent of any cash or proceeds of new securities held in the custodial trust and are applied to make payments and/or prepayments of amounts due under the legacy insured bonds. The Company’s insurance policy continues to guarantee principal and interest coming due on the legacy insured bonds in accordance with the terms of such insurance policy on the originally scheduled legacy bond interest and principal payment dates to the extent that distributions of GO/PBA Plan Consideration are insufficient to pay or prepay such amounts after giving effect to the distributions described in the immediately preceding sentence. In the case of insured bondholders who elected to receive custody receipts, the Company retains the right to satisfy its obligations under the insurance policy with respect to the related legacy insured bonds at any time thereafter, with 30 days’ notice, by paying 100% of the then outstanding principal amount of insured bonds plus accrued interest. As of December 31, 2022, the net insured par outstanding under the legacy GO and PBA insurance policies was $29 million, and constituted all of the Company’s remaining net par exposure to the GO and PBA bonds it had insured. PRHTA As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $480 million of insured net par outstanding of PRHTA bonds: $298 million insured net par outstanding of PRHTA (transportation revenue) bonds and $182 million insured net par outstanding of PRHTA (highway revenue) bonds. In connection with the resolution of its PRHTA exposures pursuant to both the HTA Plan and the GO/PBA Plan the Company received cash, new bonds backed by toll revenue and CVIs (in aggregate, HTA Plan Consideration and, together with GO/PBA Plan Consideration, Plan Consideration) (including amounts received in connection with the election described further below, but excluding amounts received in connection with second-to-pay exposures): •$251 million in cash, •$807 million of Toll Bonds (see Note 7, Investments and Cash, and Note 8, Financial Guaranty Variable Interest Entities and Consolidated Investment Vehicles, for additional information), which represents the face value of current interest bonds and the maturity value of capital appreciation bonds and convertible capital appreciation bonds, and •$672 million of CVIs (see Note 7, Investments and Cash, for additional information), which represents the original notional value. The Company has sold a portion of those Toll Bonds and CVIs, and may sell in the future any Toll Bonds or CVIs it continues to hold. The fair value of any Toll Bonds and CVIs that the Company retains will fluctuate from their date of acquisition. Any gains or losses on sales of Toll Bonds and CVIs in the investment portfolio were and will be reported as realized gains and losses on investments and fair value gains (losses) on trading securities, respectively, rather than loss and LAE. The HTA Plan, similar to the GO/PBA Plan, provided an option for holders of noncallable bonds insured by the Company to elect to receive custody receipts that represent an interest in the legacy insurance policy plus Toll Bonds, and insured bondholders representing $451 million net par outstanding as of December 31, 2022 elected this option. The Company’s insurance policy continues to guarantee principal and interest coming due on the legacy insured bonds in accordance with the terms of such insurance policy on the originally scheduled legacy bond interest and principal payment dates to the extent that distributions of HTA Plan Consideration are insufficient to pay or prepay such amounts. PRCCDA and PRIFA As of December 31, 2022, the Company had no insured net par outstanding of PRCCDA or PRIFA obligations remaining. Under the PRCCDA Modification and the PRIFA Modification, on March 15, 2022, the Company received an aggregate of $47 million in cash and $98 million in notional amount of CVIs. Other Puerto Rico Exposures All debt service payments for the Company’s remaining Puerto Rico exposures of $132 million insured net par outstanding have been made in full by the obligors as of the date of this filing. These exposures consist primarily of $131 million net par outstanding of MFA bonds, which are secured by a lien on local tax revenues. Puerto Rico Litigation Currently, there are numerous legal actions relating to the default by the Commonwealth and certain of its instrumentalities on debt service payments, and related matters, and the Company is a party to a number of them. The Company has taken legal action, and may take additional legal action in the future, to enforce its rights with respect to Puerto Rico obligations which the Company insures. In addition, the Commonwealth, the FOMB and others have taken legal action naming the Company as party. A number of legal actions involving the Company and relating to PRCCDA and PRIFA, as well as claims related to the clawback of certain excise taxes and revenues pledged to secure bonds issued by PRHTA, were resolved on March 15, 2022 in connection with the consummation of the 2022 Puerto Rico Resolutions. All other proceedings remain stayed pending the Court’s determination on plans of adjustment or other proceedings related to PRHTA and PREPA. Remaining Stayed Proceedings. The following Puerto Rico proceedings in which the Company is involved remain stayed: •On June 26, 2017, AGM and AGC filed a complaint in the Federal District Court of Puerto Rico to compel the FOMB to certify the PREPA RSA for implementation under Title VI of PROMESA. On July 21, 2017, considering its PREPA Title III petition on July 2, 2017, the FOMB filed a notice of stay under PROMESA. •On July 18, 2017, AGM and AGC filed a motion for relief in the Federal District Court of Puerto Rico from the automatic stay filed in the PREPA Title III Bankruptcy proceeding. The court denied the motion on September 14, 2017, but on August 8, 2018, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit vacated and remanded the court’s decision. On October 3, 2018, AGM and AGC, together with other bond insurers, filed a motion with the court to lift the automatic stay to commence an action against PREPA for the appointment of a receiver. •On May 20, 2019, the FOMB and the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors filed an adversary complaint in the Federal District Court of Puerto Rico challenging the validity, enforceability, and extent of security interests in PRHTA revenues. On July 24, 2019, Judge Swain announced a court-imposed stay of a series of adversary proceedings and contested matters, which include this proceeding, through November 30, 2019, with a mandatory mediation element; Judge Swain extended the stay through December 31, 2019, and subsequently extended the stay again pending further order of the court on the understanding that these issues will be resolved in other proceedings. On October 12, 2022, the court entered an order and judgment confirming the amended plan of adjustment for PRHTA filed by the FOMB with the court on September 6, 2022 (HTA Confirmation Order). The HTA Confirmation Order provides that this adversary proceeding must be dismissed with prejudice within five business days of the HTA Confirmation Order becoming a final order, which should occur after all appeals of the HTA Confirmation Order have been resolved. •On September 30, 2019, certain parties that either had advanced funds to PREPA for the purchase of fuel or had succeeded to such claims (Fuel Line Lenders) filed an amended adversary complaint against the FOMB and other parties, including AGC and AGM, seeking subordination of PREPA bondholder claims to Fuel Line Lenders’ claims. On November 12, 2019, AGC and AGM filed a motion to dismiss the amended adversary complaint. The FOMB filed a status report on May 15, 2020 regarding PREPA’s financial condition and its request for approval of the PREPA RSA settlement, in which it requested that it be permitted to file an updated report by July 31, 2020, that all proceedings related to the approval of the PREPA RSA settlement continue to be adjourned, and that the hearing in this adversary proceeding scheduled for June 3, 2020 be adjourned. On May 22, 2020, the Federal District Court of Puerto Rico issued an order to that effect. On September 29, 2022, the court entered an order terminating the motion to dismiss without prejudice, and indicating that the issues in the adversary proceeding will only be addressed, if necessary, after issues related to security and recourse of the PREPA bonds have been resolved or, if necessary, in connection with the confirmation of a plan of adjustment for PREPA. •On October 30, 2019, the retirement system for PREPA employees (SREAEE) filed an amended adversary complaint in the Federal District Court of Puerto Rico against the FOMB and other parties, seeking subordination of PREPA bondholder claims to SREAEE claims. On November 7, 2019, the court granted a motion to intervene by AGC and AGM. On November 13, 2019, AGC and AGM filed a motion to dismiss the amended adversary complaint. The FOMB filed a status report on May 15, 2020 regarding PREPA’s financial condition and its request for approval of the PREPA RSA settlement, in which it requested that it be permitted to file an updated report by July 31, 2020, that all proceedings related to the approval of the PREPA RSA settlement continue to be adjourned, and that the hearing in this adversary proceeding scheduled for June 3, 2020 be adjourned. On May 22, 2020, the Federal District Court of Puerto Rico issued an order to that effect. On September 29, 2022, the court entered an order terminating the motion to dismiss without prejudice, and indicating that the issues in the adversary proceeding will only be addressed, if necessary, after issues related to security and recourse of the PREPA bonds have been resolved or, if necessary, in connection with the confirmation of a plan of adjustment for PREPA. •On January 16, 2020, the FOMB, on behalf of the PRHTA, brought an adversary proceeding in the Federal District Court of Puerto Rico against AGM and AGC and other insurers of PRHTA bonds, objecting to the bond insurers claims in the PRHTA Title III proceedings and seeking to disallow such claims. Considering the plan support agreement, on May 25, 2021, Judge Swain stayed the participation of AGM and AGC. On October 12, 2022, the court entered the HTA Confirmation Order, which provides that this adversary proceeding must be dismissed with prejudice within five business days of the HTA Confirmation Order becoming a final order, which should occur after all appeals of the HTA Confirmation Order have been resolved. •On July 1, 2019, the FOMB initiated an adversary proceeding against U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee for PREPA’s bonds, objecting to and challenging the validity, enforceability, and extent of prepetition security interests securing those bonds and seeking other relief. On September 30, 2022, the FOMB filed an amended complaint against the trustee (i) objecting to and challenging the validity, enforceability, and extent of prepetition security interests securing PREPA’s bonds and (ii) arguing that PREPA bondholders’ recourse was limited to certain deposit accounts held by the trustee. On October 7, 2022, the court approved a stipulation permitting AGM and AGC to intervene as defendants. Specialty Business The Company also guarantees specialty business with risk profiles similar to those of its structured finance exposures written in financial guaranty form. Specialty Insurance, Reinsurance and Guaranties
|  | As of December 31, 2022 |  | As of December 31, 2021
|  | Gross Exposure |  | Net Exposure |  | Gross Exposure |  | Net Exposure
|  | (in millions)
Life insurance transactions (1) |  | $ | 1,314 |  |  | $ | 986 |  |  | $ | 1,250 |  |  | $ | 871 |
Aircraft residual value insurance policies |  | 355 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 355 |  |  | 200 |
Other guaranties |  | 228 |  |  | 228 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
____________________ (1) The life insurance transactions net exposure is projected to reach $1.1 billion by June 30, 2024. As of both December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, gross exposure of $144 million and net exposure of $84 million of aircraft residual value insurance was rated BIG. All other exposures in the table above are investment-grade quality.

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- Definition The entity's insurance policies and credit derivative contracts guarantee the scheduled payments of principal and interest ("Debt Service") on public finance and structured finance obligations. Outstanding Exposure includes outstanding par and/or debt service amounts, including outstanding exposures on VIE's whether or not they are consolidated under US GAAP, on credits that are guaranteed by the entity. + References No definition available. + Details
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