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Contracts Accounted for as Credit Derivatives
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Contracts Accounted for as Credit Derivatives Contracts Accounted for as Credit Derivatives
 
Amounts presented in this note relate only to contracts accounted for as derivatives, which are primarily CDS.
 
The Company’s credit derivatives are generally governed by International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. documentation and have certain characteristics that differ from financial guaranty insurance contracts. For example, the Company’s control rights with respect to a reference obligation under a CDS may be more limited than when the Company issues a financial guaranty insurance contract. In addition, there are more circumstances under which the Company may be obligated to make payments. Similar to a financial guaranty insurance contract, the Company would be obligated to pay if the obligor failed to make a scheduled payment of principal or interest in full. In certain credit derivative transactions, the Company also specifically agreed to pay if the obligor were to become bankrupt or if the reference obligation were restructured. Furthermore, in certain credit derivative transactions, the Company may be required to make a payment due to an event that is unrelated to the performance of the obligation referenced in the credit derivative. If events of default or termination events specified in the credit derivative documentation were to occur, the non-defaulting or the non-affected party, which may be either the Company or the counterparty, depending upon the circumstances, may decide to terminate a credit derivative prior to maturity. In that case, the Company may be required to make a termination payment to its swap counterparty upon such termination. Absent such an event of default or termination event, the Company may not unilaterally terminate a credit derivative contract; however, the Company on occasion has mutually agreed to terminate certain CDS with related counterparties.
The components of the Company’s credit derivative net par outstanding by sector are presented in the table below. The estimated remaining weighted average life of credit derivatives was 8.8 years and 11.1 years as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

 Credit Derivatives (1) 
 As of September 30, 2024As of December 31, 2023
SectorNet Par
Outstanding		Net Fair Value Asset (Liability)Net Par
Outstanding		Net Fair Value Asset (Liability)
 (in millions)
U.S. public finance $1,116 $(13)$1,149 $(15)
Non-U.S. public finance 2,185 (18)1,522 (20)
U.S. structured finance153 (3)322 (13)
Non-U.S. structured finance 828 — 615 (2)
Total$4,282 $(34)$3,608 $(50)
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(1)    See Note 4, Expected Loss to be Paid (Recovered), for expected loss to be paid on credit derivatives.

Fair Value Gains (Losses) on Credit Derivatives
Third QuarterNine Months
 2024202320242023
 (in millions)
Realized gains (losses) and other settlements$2 $— $2 $1 
Net unrealized gains (losses)1 9 17 114 
Fair value gains (losses) on credit derivatives$3 $9 $19 $115 
    
The impact of changes in credit spreads will vary based upon the volume, tenor, interest rates and other market conditions at the time these fair values are determined. In addition, since each transaction has unique collateral and structural terms, the change in fair value of each transaction may vary considerably. The fair value of credit derivative contracts generally also reflects the Company’s own credit cost based on the price to purchase credit protection on AG. The Company determines its own credit risk primarily based on quoted CDS prices traded on AG at each balance sheet date.
 
CDS Spread on AG (in basis points)
  As of September 30,
2024		 As of December 31, 2023 As of September 30,
2023		 As of December 31, 2022
Five-year CDS spread65669863
One-year CDS spread26234126

Fair Value of Credit Derivative Assets (Liabilities)
and Effect of AG Credit Spread
As of
 September 30, 2024December 31, 2023
 (in millions)
Fair value of credit derivatives before effect of AG credit spread$(59)$(76)
Plus: Effect of AG credit spread25 26 
Net fair value of credit derivatives $(34)$(50)

The fair value of CDS contracts as of September 30, 2024, before considering the benefit applicable to AG’s credit spread, is a direct result of the relatively wider credit spreads under current market conditions, sometimes related to downgrades, compared with those at the time of underwriting for certain underlying credits with longer tenor.