false FY 0000927971 Replacement cost and credit risk equivalent are presented after the impact of master netting agreements and calculated using the Standardized Approach for Counterparty Credit Risk (SA-CCR) in accordance with the CAR Guideline issued by OSFI. The table therefore excludes loan commitment derivatives.Represents life to date amounts.Gold contracts are included in foreign exchange contracts.Includes the fair value of bond futures in fair value hedges rounded down to $nil million as at October 31, 2025 ($nil million as at October 31, 2024).Includes the fair value of bond futures rounded down to $nil million as at October 31, 2024.Represents the unrealized gains (losses) within derivative instruments in assets and liabilities, respectively, in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.Gains are net of (losses) on hedge contracts.We had no ACL on impaired loans related to these amounts as at October 31, 2025 and 2024.Gains (losses) on these securities may be offset by certain (losses) gains from changes in insurance-related liabilities, as described above under Securities Designated at FVTPL.We are required to maintain reserves or minimum balances with certain central banks, regulatory bodies and counterparties, totalling $108 million as at October 31, 2025 ($80 million as at October 31, 2024).Includes NHA MBS of $6,690 million, which are included in loans in our Consolidated Balance Sheet ($5,492 million as at October 31, 2024).Amounts included in share-based payments are the fair values of awards granted in the year.Global minimum tax rules became effective this fiscal year, and as a result, our effective tax rate increased by approximately 55 basis points for the year ended October 31, 2025.Other commitments include $1,664 million as at October 31, 2025 ($4,511 million as at October 31, 2024) of underwriting commitments that are extended but not yet accepted by the borrower.Includes $16,734 million of assets that have been pledged to support Federal Home Loan Bank activity ($21,235 million as at October 31, 2024).Tax balance related to net investment hedges accumulated other comprehensive income was $622 million as at October 31, 2025 ($593 million as at October 31, 2024). Tax balance related to cash flow hedges accumulated other comprehensive income was $(235) million as at October 31, 2025 ($527 million as at October 31, 2024). Includes the fair value of bond futures rounded down to $nil million as at October 31, 2025.Includes impairment charges.The fair values of hedging derivatives wholly or partially offset the changes in fair values of the related on-balance sheet financial instruments.These amounts are either supported by insured mortgages or issued by U.S. agencies and government-sponsored enterprises. NHA refers to the National Housing Act, MBS refers to mortgage-backed securities and CMO refers to collateralized mortgage obligations.The carrying values of securities that are part of fair value hedging relationships are adjusted for related gains (losses) on hedge contracts.Includes interest income on securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) and amortized cost, calculated using the effective interest rate method, of $7,136 million for the year ended October 31, 2025 ($7,826 million in 2024).Represents unrealized gains (losses) recorded as part of derivative instruments in assets and liabilities, respectively, in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.Includes dividends paid on securities sold but not yet purchased.Represents the carrying value in our Consolidated Balance Sheet and includes amortized cost, before ACL, plus fair value hedge adjustments, except for FVOCI securities that are carried at fair value.Includes on-balance sheet securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements and off-balance sheet collateral received.Securities held that are issued by our Canadian and U.S. customer securitization vehicles comprise asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) and are classified as either trading securities, FVTPL securities or FVOCI securities.Maximum exposure to loss represents securities held, undrawn liquidity facilities, any remaining unfunded committed amounts to the BMO funded vehicle, derivative assets and other assets.Trending to 4.0% in 2041 and remaining at that level thereafter.The other employee future benefit plans current service cost was calculated using a separate discount rate of 5.0% and 5.7% for 2025 and 2024, respectively.The pension benefit current service cost was calculated using a separate discount rate of 4.9% and 5.6% for 2025 and 2024, respectively.We completed a buyout of our UK pension plan in the fourth quarter of 2024, whereby we transferred our defined benefit obligations and an equal amount of plan assets to a third-party insurer, who has assumed responsibility for administering payments to plan members. We do not have any further involvement in the plan. There was no pre-tax impact from this transfer. Deferred tax assets and liabilities related to the pension plan were reduced to $nil.The dilutive effect of stock options was calculated using the treasury stock method. In computing diluted earnings per common share, we excluded average stock options outstanding of 477,101 with a weighted-average exercise price of $150.96 for the year ended October 31, 2025 (3,220,995 with a weighted-average exercise price of $130.33 for the year ended October 31, 2024), as the average share price in each of the two years did not exceed the exercise price.Commitments to extend credit exclude personal lines of credit and credit cards that are unconditionally cancellable at our discretion.The fair value of the related derivatives included in our Consolidated Balance Sheet was $1 million as at October 31, 2025 ($8 million as at October 31, 2024).Not intended to represent our actual exposure to credit risk.Includes off-balance sheet securities borrowing and lending.Certain amounts of collateral are restricted from being sold or repledged except in the event of default or the occurrence of other predetermined events.Financial assets received/pledged as collateral are 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U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form
40-F
[Check one]

☐ | Registration statement pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

or

☒ | Annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025 |  | Commi ssion File Number 001-13354

BANK OF MONTREAL
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Not Applicable
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English (if applicable))
Canada
(Province or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
6029
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number (if applicable))
13-4941092
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number (if applicable))
100 King Street West, 1 First Canadian Place, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5X 1A1
(416-867-6785)
(Address and telephone number of Registrant’s principal executive offices)
Sajida Ali, Bank of Montreal, 320 S. Canal Street, 7th Floor, Chicago, Illinois
60606
(312-519-1023)
(Name, address (including zip code) and telephone number (including area code)
of agent for service in the United States)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”):

Title Of Each Class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name Of Each Exchange On Which Registered
Common Shares |  | BMO |  | New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:
Not Applicable
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act:
Not Applicable
For annual reports, indicate by check mark the information filed with this Form:
☒Annual information form☒Audited annual financial statements
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

Common Shares |  |  | 708,905,679 |
Class B Preferred Shares Series 44 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)) |  |  | 16,000,000 |
Class B Preferred Shares Series 48 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)) 1 |  |  | 1,250,000 |
Class B Preferred Shares Series 49 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)) |  |  | 750,000 |
Class B Preferred Shares Series 50 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)) |  |  | 500,000 |
Class B Preferred Shares Series 51 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)) |  |  | 1,000,000 |
Class B Preferred Shares Series 52 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)) |  |  | 650,000 |
Class B Preferred Shares Series 53 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)) |  |  | 1,000,000 |
Class B Preferred Shares Series 54 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)) |  |  | 750,000 |
Class B Preferred Shares Series 55 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)) 2 |  |  | 1,000,000 |

1
On November 12, 2025, the Bank redeemed all of its Cdn$1,250 million 4.300% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 1 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)) together with all of its 1,250,000 Class B Preferred Shares Series 48 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)).
2
On July 29, 2025, the Bank issued US$1 billion 6.875% Fixed Rate Reset Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 6 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)) (“LRCN 6”). Upon the occurrence of a recourse event, the noteholders will have recourse to assets held in a consolidated trust managed by a third party trustee. The trust assets include US$1 billion of BMO issued Non-Cumulative 5-Year Fixed Rate Reset Class B Preferred Shares Series 55 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)) issued concurrently with the LRCN 6.
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes☒            No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of
Regulation S-T
(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes☒            No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule
12b-2
of the Exchange Act.
Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
Yes☒No ☐
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Auditor Name: KPMG LLP
Auditor Location: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Auditor PCAOB ID Number: 85

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |  |
INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING |  |
AUDIT AND CONDUCT REVIEW COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT |  |
CODE OF ETHICS |  |
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES |  |
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS |  |
CONTRACTUAL AND OTHER OBLIGATIONS |  |
IDENTIFICATION OF THE AUDIT AND CONDUCT REVIEW COMMITTEE |  |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DIFFERENCES |  |
UNDERTAKING |  |
EXHIBIT INDEX |  |
Bank of Montreal Clawback and Recoupment Policy |  |
Annual Information Form |  |
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2025 |  |
Consolidated Financial Statements for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2025 |  |
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm dated December 4, 2025 |  |
Section 302 Certifications of Chief Executive Officer |  |
Section 302 Certifications of Chief Financial Officer |  |
Section 906 Certifications |  |
Code of Conduct |  |
Inline Interactive Data File |  |
Cover Page Interactive Data File |  |
SIGNATURES |  |

1

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The information provided under the heading “Management’s Annual Report on Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting — Disclosure Controls and Procedures” (page 113) contained in the Bank’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025 (“2025 MD&A”), filed as Exhibit 99.2 to this annual report on Form
40-F,
is incorporated by reference herein.
INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
a. Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting
The information provided under the heading “Management’s Annual Report on Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting — Internal Control over Financial Reporting” (page 113) contained in the 2025 MD&A, filed as Exhibit 99.2 to this annual report on Form
40-F,
is incorporated by reference herein.
b. Auditor’s attestation report on internal control over financial reporting
The Bank’s shareholders’ auditors, KPMG LLP, have issued an audit report on our internal control over financial reporting. This audit report appears on page 132 of the Bank’s Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025, filed as Exhibit 99.3 to this annual report on Form
40-F
and is incorporated by reference herein.
c. Changes in internal control over financial reporting
The information provided under the heading “Management’s Annual Report on Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting — Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting” (page 113) contained in the 2025 MD&A, filed as Exhibit 99.2 to this annual report on Form
40-F,
is incorporated by reference herein.
AUDIT AND CONDUCT REVIEW COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
The information provided under the heading “Audit and Conduct Review Committee Information — Composition of the Audit and Conduct Review Committee” (pages 15 and 16) identifying the Bank’s Audit and Conduct Review Committee Financial Experts, and confirming the independence of the Audit and Conduct Review Committee Financial Experts, as set forth in the Bank’s Annual Information Form (dated December 4, 2025), filed as Exhibit 99.1 to this annual report on Form
40-F,
is incorporated by reference herein.
CODE OF ETHICS
The Bank’s Code of Conduct (“Code”) is a principles-based foundational document that outlines the Bank’s expectation around business conduct and ethical behaviour. It is applicable to every director and employee of the Bank. The Code is available on the Bank’s website
https://www.bmo.com/en-ca/main/about-bmo/who-we-are/business-conduct/
and is available in print without charge to any shareholder upon request by contacting
ethics@bmo.com
. Unless and to the extent specifically referred to herein, the information on the Bank’s website shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this annual report on Form
40-F.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information provided under the heading “Shareholders’ Auditors’ Services and Fees — Shareholders’ Auditors’ Fees” and “—
Pre-Approval
Policies and Procedures” (page 112) contained in the 2025 MD&A, filed as Exhibit 99.2 to this annual report on Form
40-F,
is incorporated by reference herein.
OFF-BALANCE
SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
The information provided under the heading “Financial Condition Review –
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements” (pages 65 and 66) contained in the 2025 MD&A, filed as Exhibit 99.2 to this annual report on Form
40-F,
is incorporated by reference herein.
2

CONTRACTUAL AND OTHER OBLIGATIONS
The information provided under the heading “Enterprise-Wide Risk Management – Liquidity and Funding Risk – Contractual Maturities of Assets and Liabilities and
Off-Balance
Sheet Commitments” (pages 96 and 97) contained in the 2025 MD&A, filed as Exhibit 99.2 to this annual report on Form
40-F,
is incorporated by reference herein.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE AUDIT AND CONDUCT REVIEW COMMITTEE
The information provided under the heading “Audit and Conduct Review Committee Information — Composition of the Audit and Conduct Review Committee” (pages 15 and 16) identifying the Bank’s Audit and Conduct Review Committee and confirming the independence of the Audit and Conduct Review Committee as set forth in the Bank’s Annual Information Form (dated December 4, 2025), filed as Exhibit 99.1 to this annual report on Form
40-F,
is incorporated by reference herein.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DIFFERENCES
A summary of significant ways corporate governance practices followed by the Bank differ from corporate governance practices required to be followed by U.S. domestic companies under The New York Stock Exchange’s listing standards (disclosure required by Section 303A.11 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual) is available on the Bank’s website at
www.bmo.com.
Unless and to the extent specifically referred to herein, the information on the Bank’s website shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this annual report on Form
40-F.
UNDERTAKING
Registrant undertakes to make available, in person or by telephone, representatives to respond to inquiries made by the Commission staff, and to furnish promptly, when requested to do so by the Commission staff, information relating to the securities in relation to which the obligation to file an annual report on Form
40-F
arises or transactions in said securities.
3

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibits |  | Description
97.1 |  | Bank of Montreal Clawback and Recoupment Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97.1 of the Bank’s Annual Report on Form 40-F filed with the Commission on December 1, 2023)
99.1 |  | Annual Information Form
99.2 |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2025
99.3 |  | Consolidated Financial Statements for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2025
99.4 |  | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm dated December 4, 2025
99.5 |  | Certifications of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
99.6 |  | Certifications of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
99.7 |  | Certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
99.8 |  | Code of Conduct (incorporated by reference to the Bank’s Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on March 4, 2024)
101 |  | Inline Interactive Data File (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

4

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on
Form 40-F
and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.
Registrant: BANK OF MONTREAL

By: |  | /s/ Tayfun Tuzun
|  | Tayfun Tuzun
|  | Chief Financial Officer
Date: December 4, 2025

5