<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>cert13g.txt
<TEXT>
Exhibit 1 to Schedule 13G
Filed by Northern Trust Corporation



CERTIFIED RESOLUTION

The undersigned certifies that the undersigned is the duly appointed, qualified
and acting Secretary or Assistant Secretary of Northern Trust Corporation, as
 indicated below, and that the following resolution was duly adopted by the
Board of Directors of Northern Trust Corporation on July 19, 2004 and remains
in full force and effect:
RESOLVED, that each of the 'Executive Officers' of
Northern Trust Corporation (the 'Corporation'), as that
term is defined in Rule 3b-7 under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, and each of the following other officers of the
Corporation, is hereby authorized to sign, on behalf of the
Corporation, any Statements on Schedule 13G, and any
amendments to such Statements, required to be filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission by the
Corporation with respect to any securities beneficially
owned by the Corporation and any of its direct or indirect
subsidiaries:
				Orie L. Dudley, Jr.
				Peter J. Flood
				James D. McDonald


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this certificate on
February 10, 2005.
	/s/ Rose A. Ellis
	Rose A. Ellis
      Secretary
	Northern Trust Corporation


</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
