<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001683168-17-000736.txt : 20170331
<SEC-HEADER>0001683168-17-000736.hdr.sgml : 20170331
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20170331160959
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001683168-17-000736
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	10-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		60
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20161231
FILED AS OF DATE:		20170331
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20170331

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			QS Energy, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001103795
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	OIL & GAS FILED MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT [3533]
		IRS NUMBER:				522088326
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NV
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		10-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-29185
		FILM NUMBER:		17730445

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		5266 HOLLISTER AVENUE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 218
		CITY:			SANTA BARBARA
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			93111
		BUSINESS PHONE:		805-845-3581

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		5266 HOLLISTER AVENUE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 218
		CITY:			SANTA BARBARA
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			93111

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	SAVE THE WORLD AIR INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20000120
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>10-K
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>qsenergy_10k-123116.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM 10-K
<TEXT>
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<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 3pt"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt"><B>UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Washington, D.C. 20549</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM 10-K</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Wingdings">x</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</B></FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt; text-align: center"><B>For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt; text-align: center"><B>or</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">o
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</B></FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt; text-align: center"><B>For the transition period from __________
to __________</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt; text-align: center"><B>Commission File Number 0-29185</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 16pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its
charter)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; text-align: center; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Nevada</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; text-align: center; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>52-2088326</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>5266 Hollister Avenue, Suite 219</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Santa Barbara, CA 93111</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt; text-align: center"><B>(Address, including zip code, of principal
executive offices)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>(805)-845-3561</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt; text-align: center">(Registrant&rsquo;s telephone number, including
area code)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">_______________________________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt; text-align: center">(Former name, former address and former fiscal
year, if changed since last report)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt; text-align: center">Securities registered pursuant to Section&nbsp;12(b)
of the Exchange Act: None.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 9pt; text-align: center">Securities registered pursuant to Section&nbsp;12(g)
of the Exchange Act: Common Stock, $0.001 par value.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark if the registrant is
a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Yes
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">o</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">No </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark if the registrant is
not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Yes
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">o</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">No </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
(1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Yes
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">No </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">o</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted
and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (&sect; 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such
shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Yes
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">No </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">o</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Indicate
by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (&sect; 229.405 of this chapter) is not
contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant&rsquo;s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions
of &ldquo;large accelerated filer,&rdquo; &ldquo;accelerated filer&rdquo; and &ldquo;smaller reporting company&rdquo; in Rule 12b-2
of the Exchange Act</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 30%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Large accelerated filer </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">o</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 21%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accelerated filer </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">o</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 23%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-accelerated filer </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">x</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 26%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Smaller
reporting company </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Yes
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">o</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">No </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt; text-align: justify">The aggregate market value of the voting and
non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates (excluding voting shares held by officers and directors) as of June 30, 2016,
was $30,752,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt; text-align: justify">The number of shares of the Registrant&rsquo;s
Common Stock outstanding as of March 30, 2017, was 200,226,426.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED
BY REFERENCE - None</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Transitional Small Business Disclosure Format (Check one)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Yes
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">o</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">No </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>


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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%"><TR><TD STYLE="text-align: center; width: 100%">&nbsp;</TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM 10-K</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>INDEX</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%"><A HREF="#a1"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PART I</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a2">Item 1. Business</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a3">Item 1A. Risk Factors</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a4">Item&nbsp;1B. Unresolved Staff Comments</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a5">Item&nbsp;2. Properties</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a6">Item&nbsp;3. Legal Proceedings</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a7">Item&nbsp;4. Mine Safety Disclosures.</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a8">PART II</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a9">Item&nbsp;5. Market for Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a10">Item 6. Selected Financial Data</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a11">Item&nbsp;7. Management&rsquo;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a12">Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a13">Item&nbsp;8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a14">Item&nbsp;9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a15">Item&nbsp;9A. Controls and Procedures</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a27">Item 9B. Other Information</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a16">PART III</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a17">Item&nbsp;10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a28">Item&nbsp;11. Executive Compensation</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a18">Item&nbsp;12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">45</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a19">Item&nbsp;13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">45</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a20">Item&nbsp;14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">46</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a21">PART IV</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">47</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a22">Item&nbsp;15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">48</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="#a29">SIGNATURES</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">53</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><A HREF="#a32"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">EXHIBITS</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a1"></A>PART
I</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Forward-Looking Statements</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Annual Report on Form
10-K contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include predictions and statements regarding our future:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">revenues and profits;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">customers;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">research and development expenses and
efforts;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">scientific and other third-party test
results;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">sales and marketing expenses and efforts;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">liquidity and sufficiency of existing
cash;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">technology and products; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the effect of recent accounting pronouncements
on our financial condition and results of operations.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">You can identify these
and other forward-looking statements by the use of words such as &ldquo;may,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;expects,&rdquo;
&ldquo;anticipates,&rdquo; &ldquo;believes,&rdquo; &ldquo;estimates,&rdquo; &ldquo;intends,&rdquo; &ldquo;project,&rdquo; &ldquo;potential,&rdquo;
&ldquo;forecast&rdquo; &ldquo;continues,&rdquo; &ldquo;strategies,&rdquo; or the negative of such terms, or other comparable terminology,
and also include statements concerning plans, objectives, goals, strategies and future events or performance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our actual results could
differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set
forth below under the heading &ldquo;Risk Factors.&rdquo; We cannot assure you that we will achieve or accomplish our expectations,
beliefs or projections. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the
date hereof. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a2"></A>Item 1. Business</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The discussion of our business
is as of the date of filing this report, unless otherwise indicated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Overview</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">QS Energy, Inc. (&ldquo;QS
Energy&rdquo; or &ldquo;Company&rdquo; or &ldquo;we&rdquo; or &ldquo;us&rdquo; or &ldquo;our&rdquo;) develops and commercializes
energy efficiency technologies that assist in meeting increasing global energy demands, improving the economics of oil extraction
and transport, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Company's intellectual properties include a portfolio of domestic and
international patents and patents pending, a substantial portion of which have been developed in conjunction with and exclusively
licensed from Temple University of Philadelphia, PA (&ldquo;Temple&rdquo;). QS Energy's primary technology is called Applied Oil
Technology&trade; (AOT), a commercial-grade crude oil pipeline transportation flow-assurance product. Engineered specifically to
reduce pipeline pressure loss, increase pipeline flow rate and capacity, and reduce shippers&rsquo; reliance on diluents and drag
reducing agents to meet pipeline maximum viscosity requirements, AOT is a 100% solid-state system that reduces crude oil viscosity
by applying a high intensity electrical field to crude oil feedstock while in transit. AOT technology delivers reductions in crude
oil viscosity and pipeline pressure loss as demonstrated in independent third-party tests performed by the U.S. Department of Energy,
the PetroChina Pipeline R&amp;D Center, and ATS RheoSystems, a division of CANNON&trade;, at full-scale test facilities in the
U.S. and China, and under commercial operating conditions on one of North America&rsquo;s largest high-volume crude oil pipelines.
Recent testing on a commercial crude oil condensate pipeline demonstrated high correlation between laboratory analysis and full-scale
AOT operations under commercial operating conditions with onsite measurements and data collected by the pipeline operator on its
supervisory control and data acquisition (&ldquo;SCADA&rdquo;) system. The AOT product has transitioned from laboratory testing
and ongoing research and development to initial production and continued testing in advance of our goal of seeking acceptance and
adoption by the midstream pipeline marketplace. We continue to devote the bulk of our efforts to the promotion, design, testing
and the commercial manufacturing and operations of our crude oil pipeline products in the upstream and midstream energy sector.
We anticipate that these efforts will continue during 2017 and 2018.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Company was incorporated
on February 18, 1998, as a Nevada Corporation under the name Mandalay Capital Corporation. The Company changed its name to Save
the World Air, Inc. on February 11, 1999. Effective August 11, 2015, the Company changed its name to QS Energy, Inc. The name change
was effected through a short-form merger pursuant to Section 92A.180 of the Nevada Revised Statutes. Additionally, QS Energy Pool,
Inc., a California corporation, was formed as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company on July 6, 2015 to serve as a vehicle for
the Company to explore, review and consider acquisition opportunities. The Company&rsquo;s common stock is quoted under the symbol
&ldquo;QSEP&rdquo; on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board. More information including the Company&rsquo;s fact sheet, logos and
media articles are available at our corporate website, www.qsenergy.com.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Between 2011 and 2012,
the Company transitioned from prototype testing of its AOT technology at the U.S. Department of Energy Rocky Mountain Oilfield
Testing Center, Midwest, Wyoming (&ldquo;RMOTC&rdquo;), to the design and production of full-scale commercial prototype units.
The Company worked in a collaborative engineering environment with multiple energy industry companies to refine the AOT Midstream
commercial design to comply with the stringent standards and qualification processes as dictated by independent engineering audit
groups and North American industry regulatory bodies. In May 2013, the Company&rsquo;s first commercial prototype unit known as
AOT Midstream, was completed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In 2013, the Company
entered into an Equipment Lease/Option to Purchase Agreement (&ldquo;TransCanada Lease&rdquo;) with TransCanada Keystone
Pipeline, L.P. by its agent TC Oil Pipeline Operations, Inc. (&quot;TransCanada&quot;) which agreed to lease and test the
effectiveness of the Company&rsquo;s AOT technology and equipment on one of TransCanada&rsquo;s operating pipelines. As
previously reported in our 10-K report filed with the SEC on March 16, 2015, in June 2014, the equipment was accepted by
TransCanada and the lease commenced and the first full test of the AOT equipment on the Keystone pipeline was performed in
July 2014 by Dr. Rongjia Tao of Temple University, with subsequent testing performed by an independent laboratory, ATS
RheoSystems, a division of CANNON&trade; (&ldquo;ATS&rdquo;) in September 2014. Upon review of the July 2014 test results and
preliminary report by Dr. Tao, QS Energy and TransCanada mutually agreed that this initial test was flawed due to, among
other factors, the short-term nature of the test, the inability to isolate certain independent pipeline operating factors
such as fluctuations in upstream pump station pressures, and limitations of the AOT device to produce a sufficient electric
field to optimize viscosity reduction. Subsequent testing by ATS in September 2014 demonstrated viscosity reductions of 8% to
23% depending on flow rates and crude oil types in transit. In its summary report, ATS concluded that i) data indicated a
decrease in viscosity of crude oil flowing through the TransCanada pipeline due to AOT treatment of the crude oil; and ii)
the power supply installed on our equipment would need to be increased to maximize reduction in viscosity and take full
advantage of the AOT technology. While more testing is required to establish the commercial efficacy of our AOT
technology, we are encouraged by the findings of these field tests performed under commercial operating conditions. The
TransCanada Lease was terminated by TransCanada, effective October 15, 2014. Upon termination of the TransCanada Lease, all
equipment was uninstalled, returned, inspected and configured for re-deployment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On July 15, 2014, the Company
entered into an Equipment Lease/Option to Purchase Agreement (&ldquo;Kinder Morgan Lease&rdquo;) with Kinder Morgan Crude &amp;
Condensate, LLC (&ldquo;Kinder Morgan&rdquo;) under which Kinder Morgan agreed to lease and test the effectiveness of the Company&rsquo;s
AOT technology and equipment on one of Kinder Morgan&rsquo;s operating pipelines. Equipment provided under the Lease includes a
single AOT Midstream pressure vessel with a maximum flow capacity of 5,000 gallons per minute. The equipment was delivered to Kinder
Morgan in December 2014 and installed in March 2015. In April 2015, during pre-start testing, low electrical impedance was measured
in the unit, indicating an electrical short. A replacement unit was installed May 2015. The second unit also presented with low
impedance when flooded with crude condensate from Kinder Morgan&rsquo;s pipeline. Subsequent to design modifications, a remanufactured
AOT unit was installed and tested at Kinder Morgan&rsquo;s pipeline facility in in August 2015. Initial results were promising,
with the unit operating generally as expected. However, voltage dropped as preliminary tests continued, indicating decreased impedance
within the AOT pressure vessel. QS Energy personnel and outside consultants performed a series of troubleshooting assessments and
determined that, despite modifications made to the AOT, conductive materials present in the crude oil condensate continued to be
the root cause of the decreased impedance. Based on these results, QS Energy and Kinder Morgan personnel mutually agreed to hold
on final acceptance of equipment under the lease and temporarily suspend in-field testing to provide time to re-test crude oil
condensate in a laboratory setting, and thoroughly review and test selected AOT component design and fabrication. Subsequent analysis
and testing led to changes in electrical insulation, inlet flow improvements and other component modifications. These design changes
were implemented and tested by Industrial Screen and Maintenance (ISM), one of QS Energy's supply chain partners in Casper, Wyoming.
Test performed by ISM at its Wyoming facility indicated significant improvements to system impedance and efficiency of electric
field generation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In February 2016,
the modified AOT equipment was installed at Kinder Morgan&rsquo;s facility. Pre-acceptance testing was performed in April 2016,
culminating in more than 24 hours of continuous operations. In-field viscosity measurements and pipeline data collected during
this test indicated the AOT equipment operated as expected, resulting in viscosity reductions equivalent to those measured under
laboratory conditions. Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (&ldquo;SCADA&rdquo;) pipeline operating data collected by Kinder
Morgan during this test indicated a pipeline pressure drop reduction consistent with expectations. Kinder Morgan provided the
Company with a number of additional crude oil samples which were tested in the laboratory for future test correlation and operational
planning purposes. Based on final analysis of in field test results, SCADA operating data and subsequent analysis of crude oil
samples at Temple University, Kinder Morgan and QS Energy are considering moving the AOT test facility to a different, higher-volume
pipeline location.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Southern Research Institute
(SRI) was engaged by QS Energy in 2015 to investigate the root cause of the crude oil condensate impedance issue by replicating
conditions experienced in the field utilizing a laboratory-scaled version of the AOT and crude oil condensate samples provided
by Kinder Morgan. In addition, QS Energy retained an industry expert petroleum pipeline engineer to review the AOT design and suggest
design modifications to resolve the crude oil condensate impedance issue. This engineer has studied design details, staff reports
and forensic photographs of each relevant AOT installation and test. Based on these investigations, specific modifications were
proposed to resolve the impedance issue, and improve the overall efficiency of the AOT device, resulting in a new value-engineered
design of certain AOT internal components.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company is actively
seeking new deployments of its AOT technology. In August, 2015, QS Energy was invited to an offshore oil transfer platform in the
Gulf of Mexico. This offshore platform was assessed by QS Energy personnel for a potential deployment of the AOT viscosity reduction
technology as a solution for super-heavy crude oil flow assurance issues. Following the site visit, subject to non-disclosure agreements
executed by all parties, laboratory testing was performed on crude oil samples provided by the operator, which demonstrated significant
AOT viscosity reductions. Detailed hydraulic analysis based on laboratory results and pipeline operating parameters was presented
to the operator demonstrating potential benefits of AOT technology within the operator&rsquo;s specified infrastructure. Based
on this analysis, the Company was directed by the operator to prepare a preliminary configuration for AOT units optimized for the
operator&rsquo;s high-volume, space-constrained operations. Company engineers and supply chain partners have prepared an optimized
configuration and production budget. Based on this optimized configuration, the operator is considering an onsite pilot test with
full scale AOT equipment for deployment in 2018 or 2019.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company is in
discussions with a large Middle Eastern oil company regarding AOT technology in Middle East, having tested multiple oil samples
provided by this oil company at Temple University in 2015 and 2016. The most recent round of testing on Middle Eastern oil company
samples was completed early 2017, demonstrating AOT viscosity reductions of 20% to 50% in a laboratory setting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the third quarter
2016, the Company developed a new onsite testing program designed to accelerate the AOT sales cycle. This program utilizes a fully
functional laboratory-scale AOT device designed and developed by the Company in 2015, and tested at the Southern Research Institute.
Under this new program, Company engineers will set up a temporary lab at the customer&rsquo;s site to test a full range of crude
oils. Fees charged for providing this service will be dependent on scope of services, crude oil sample to be tested, and onsite
time requirements. This program has received a positive response from potential customers. In the fourth quarter 2016, the Company
entered a contract to provide these onsite testing services to a Canadian oil producer and pipeline operator over a one-week period
in early 2017 at a fixed price of $50,000. This initial test was performed in January 2017; data analysis and final report is expected
to be completed in April 2017.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In 2014, the Company began
development of a new suite of products based around the new electrical heat system which reduces oil viscosity through a process
known as joule heat (&ldquo;Joule Heat&rdquo;). The Company is designing and optimizing the Joule Heat technology for the upstream
oil transportation market. The Company filed two provisional patents related to the technology&rsquo;s method and apparatus in
the second quarter and fourth quarter of 2013, respectively. The first of the two provisional patents was finalized and submitted
to non-provisional status on April 29, 2014. The second of the two provisional patents was finalized and submitted to non-provisional
status at the end of the third quarter 2014.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In October 2014, QS Energy
entered into a Joint Development Agreement with Newfield Exploration Company (&ldquo;Newfield&rdquo;) to test a prototype of QS
Energy Joule Heat equipment, and combined Joule Heat and AOT technology, on a crude oil pipeline serving the Greater Monument Butte
oilfield located in the Uintah Basin of Utah. This test of the Joule Heat technology provides ideal conditions to demonstrate efficiency
and efficacy. The Uintah Basin is 5,000 to 10,000 feet above sea level with average low winter temperatures of 16&ordm;F. Crude
oil pumped from the region is highly paraffinic with the consistency of shoe polish at room temperature. Uintah's black wax crude
must remain at a minimum of 95&ordm;F and yellow wax above 115&ordm;F and therefore requires a substantial amount of heat to keep
it above its high pour point. Operators in the upstream market often run at temperatures of 140&ordm;F to 160&ordm;F. Newfield,
like many other companies in the region, incurs significant operating expense in the form of fuel and power used to heat the waxy
crude and counter the cold climate conditions characteristic of Utah. The Company&rsquo;s first Joule Heat prototype was installed
for testing purposes at the Newfield facility in June 2015 and the system is operational; however, changes to the prototype configuration
will be required to determine commercial effectiveness of this unit. During the third and fourth quarters of 2015, we worked with
Newfield and Dr. Carl Meinhart to modify the prototype configuration based on observed pipeline and Joule Heat operating factors.
In addition, QS Energy provided a scaled-down version of the Joule Heat unit for static and flow-through testing at SRI. Testing
performed by SRI in September 2015 on a laboratory-scale Joule Heat unit demonstrated the ability of the Joule Heat technology
to deliver temperature increases in the laboratory setting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In 2015, the Company worked
in collaboration with Newfield, SRI, Dr. Carl Meinhart, and our manufacturing partner to design and build an AOT prototype unit,
for operations in the upstream crude oil pipeline market (&ldquo;AOT Upstream&rdquo;), specifically configured for pipeline operating
factors observed at Newfield&rsquo;s Utah site. Our original plan was to retrofit an earlier prototype device previously tested
at RMOTC; however, after multiple site visits and discussions with Newfield, it was determined a new, smaller unit, specifically
optimized for Newfield operations would be more appropriate for this field test opportunity. We plan to jointly test the AOT Upstream
prototype unit under typical upstream commercial pipeline conditions on Newfield&rsquo;s pipeline in conjunction with the previously
installed Joule Heat unit.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In December 2015, we temporarily
suspended Joule Heat and AOT Upstream development activities to focus Company resources on finalizing commercial development of
the AOT Midstream. Testing terminated at SRI and all prototype equipment was returned to the Company. We currently plan to resume
Joule Heat and AOT Upstream development in 2017 depending on the availability of sufficient capital and other resources.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In July 2015, the Company
formed QS Energy Pool, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of QS Energy, Inc., for the sole purpose of taking advantage of asset acquisition
opportunities in the oil and gas operations market. QS Energy Pool is specifically targeting the acquisition of one or more operating
companies or properties with proven positive cash flow, providing operating income and bottom line revenue which are both accretive
to and synergistic with QS Energy, Inc.&rsquo;s current operations. QS Energy has identified multiple attractive opportunities
to acquire producing oil and gas field operations. Our strategy is to acquire producing oil and gas fields with production profiles
of at least ten years, proven long-term development rights, and demonstrated positive cash flow at commodity prices as low as $25/barrel
of oil and $2.00/MCF of gas. Any such acquisitions would be subject on our ability to obtain acquisition financing under acceptable
terms and conditions. To date, we have not acquired any oil and gas properties, and there can be no assurances that we will do
so in the future. We can provide no assurances that acquisition financing would be available to us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our expenses to date have
been funded primarily through the sale of shares of common stock and convertible debt, as well as proceeds from the exercise of
stock purchase warrants and options. We will need to raise substantial additional capital through 2017, and beyond, to fund our
sales and marketing efforts, continuing research and development, and certain other expenses, until our revenue base grows sufficiently.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">There are significant risks
associated with our business, our Company and our stock. See &ldquo;Risk Factors,&rdquo; below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Our Business Strategy</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">QS Energy intends to continue
commercialization and marketing of its current technologies. Our current and primary product portfolio is dedicated to the crude
oil production and transportation marketplace, with a specifically-targeted product offering for enhancing the flow-assurance parameters
of new and existing pipeline gathering and transmission systems.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our primary goal is to
provide the oil industry with a cost-effective method by which to increase the number of barrels of oil able to be transported
per day through the industry&rsquo;s existing and newly built pipelines. We also seek to provide the oil industry with a way to
reduce emissions from operating equipment. We believe our goals are realizable via viscosity reduction using our AOT and Joule
Heat product lines.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe QS Energy&rsquo;s
technologies will enable the petroleum industry to gain key value advantages boosting profit, while satisfying the needs of regulatory
bodies at the same time. In 2014, we installed and operated AOT equipment on one of TransCanada&rsquo;s North American pipeline,
proving our ability to build, deliver and operate our AOT equipment on a high-volume commercial pipeline and key players in the
pipeline industry continue to demonstrate strong interest in our technologies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our manufacturing strategy
is to contract with third-party vendors and suppliers, each with a strong reputation and proven track record in the pipeline industry.
These vendors are broken up by product component subcategory, enabling multiple manufacturing capacity redundancies and safeguards
to be utilized. In addition, this strategy allows the Company to eliminate the prohibitively high capital expenditures such as
costs of building, operating and maintaining its own manufacturing facilities, ratings, personnel and licenses, thereby eliminating
unnecessary capital intensity and risk.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our identified market strategy
is to continue meeting with oil and gas industry executives in the upstream, gathering, and midstream sectors from both domestic
and foreign companies. Our goal is to introduce our technology to oil and gas companies and to demonstrate potential value for
the purposes of negotiating commercial implementation of our AOT technology to their existing infrastructures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our strategy includes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">1.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Continue optimization and value engineering of our AOT Midstream commercial product line.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">2.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Expand AOT Midstream field test operations on commercial pipeline operations.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">3.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Gain clearance from customers&rsquo; procurement divisions for expanded installation of AOT Midstream
based on field test results.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">4.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Complete laboratory testing of our Joule Heat product line.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">5.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Initiate and expand field testing of Joule Heat product on commercial pipeline operations.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">6.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Commercial deployment of our Joule Heat product line.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">7.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Publish material events, collaborative arrangements, framework agreements and joint development
agreements.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">8.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Co-Present with customers at various trade conferences in the United States.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">9.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Continue to make inroads and meet with key strategic potential customers in the following geographic
regions:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">a.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Alberta, Canada</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">b.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Williston, Bakken Basin, USA</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">c.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Niobrara, Denver-Julesberg Basin, USA</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">d.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Uinta-Piceanse Basin</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">e.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Green River Basin</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">f.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Middle East</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">g.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Asia</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">h.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Australia-Asia</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">i.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">South America</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">10.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Continue to make inroads and strategic alliances with additional supply chain and logistics support
to rapidly expand our production capacity beyond its current physical limitations, adding capacity, reach and stability with pre-approved
supply chain members that meet the criteria of the customers&rsquo; procurement divisions.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">11.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Further develop additional AOT and Joule Heat product models beyond targeting upstream and gathering
energy production and transport sectors.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.75in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">12.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Continue to develop collaboratively additional scientific and technical whitepaper reports, product
development enhancements, and additional products with our engineering support, consultants and relationships.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In July 2015, the Company
formed QS Energy Pool, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of QS Energy, Inc., for the sole purpose of taking advantage of asset acquisition
opportunities in the oil and gas operations market. QS Energy Pool is specifically targeting the acquisition of one or more operating
companies or properties with proven positive cash flow, providing operating income and bottom line revenue which are both accretive
to and synergistic with QS Energy, Inc.&rsquo;s current operations. QS Energy has identified multiple attractive opportunities
to acquire producing oil and gas field operations. Our strategy is to acquire producing oil and gas fields with production profiles
of at least ten years, proven long-term development rights, and demonstrated positive cash flow at commodity prices as low as $25/barrel
of oil and $2.00/MCF of gas. Any such acquisitions would be subject to our ability to obtain acquisition financing under acceptable
terms and conditions. We can provide no assurances that such financing would be available to us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Market Analysis Overview</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The energy sector continues
to operate in a period of both rapid change and expansion. Due to the relatively recent and widespread adoption of advanced oilfield
drilling and completion technologies, known as enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques, enormous reserves of &ldquo;tight&rdquo;
oil and gas are now recoverable from shale formations throughout North America and the world. This historic surge in upstream crude
oil production has resulted in costly and persistent transportation bottlenecks when moving upstream production to downstream storage,
offloading facilities and refineries. This persistent and severe industrywide problem is stimulating investments in new and existing
pipeline infrastructure and a reliance on less desirable alternate forms of transport, including rail and freight truck.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Since the initial use of
EOR or tertiary recovery techniques in the 1970s, oil and gas producers have progressively relied more heavily on the application
of gas and chemical injection as well as thermal recovery. These extraction techniques, coupled with a much greater number of new
wells in active oilfields, has raised the output of reservoirs by 30 to 60 percent above traditional primary and secondary recovery
practices. Due to the rapid adoption of advanced extraction technologies throughout the U.S. energy industry, a 34-year decline
in domestic oil and gas production was reversed in 2006. Historically high output from massive shale formations such as North Dakota&rsquo;s
Bakken, Texas&rsquo; Eagle Ford and Permian Basin, Colorado&rsquo;s Green River and Utah&rsquo;s Uintah Basin continues to the
present day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Other nations with significant
exploitable shale formations include Russia, China, Argentina, Libya, Australia, Venezuela, Mexico and dozens of others, providing
a ready market for crude oil pipeline optimization technologies as production comes online. All told, the U.S. Energy Information
Administration estimates there to be 345 billion barrels of identified and recoverable shale oil worldwide.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Consequently, oil production
greatly exceeds the capacity of existing pipelines in the U.S., Canada and many other regions of the world, often resulting in
delivery delays to refineries, as well as reliance on less desirable rail and tanker truck transport.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Recently, the softening
of oil prices worldwide has incentivized producers and transporters to reduce costs and seek technologies that can provide greater
operational efficiencies. AOT and Joule Heat technologies are specifically designed to increase pipeline capacity, while reducing
pipeline operating costs and overhead, thereby increasing margins and delivering measurable competitive advantages.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Projected Pipeline Infrastructure Investment</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Among the challenges facing
the global crude oil production and transportation sectors, few are as intransigent or detrimental to the industry as the transportation
bottlenecks and well-to-market delivery delays that are endemic here in North America and overseas. While new pipeline infrastructure
projects are underway here in the U.S., Canada and in foreign markets, gaining legislative approval is a lengthy process and their
construction is highly capital-intensive.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Although pipelines are
by far the safest and most economical transportation method, outmoded pipeline infrastructure constructed primarily in the 1950s
and 1960s cannot provide the capacity necessary to move production downstream to storage, refinery and offloading facilities. Consequently,
delivery delays to refineries and reliance on less desirable rail and tanker truck transport have increased exponentially since
2008 when the shale boom began in earnest. Data compiled by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, IHS Global and the American
Petroleum Institute identify billions in lost revenue opportunities for E&amp;P companies and tax collection agencies in leading
oil producing states such as Texas, North Dakota, Alaska, California, Colorado, Wyoming and Utah directly attributable to production
takeaway constraints.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of 2013, the U.S. and
Canadian midstream oil market was serviced by a total of 60,911 miles of crude oil pipelines, up 3,448 miles or 6 percent over
2012 and up 11,647 miles or 23 percent over the past decade. Planned midstream pipeline projects are expected to bring an additional
20,000 miles of pipeline capacity over the 5 to 10 years. However, the bulk of the active pipelines in the U.S. were constructed
several decades ago, necessitating enormous capital investments to maintain and update the aging pipeline infrastructure. Studies
by research firm IHS Global Inc. estimate that between 2014 and 2020, an average of greater than $80 billion will be invested annually
in U.S. midstream and downstream petroleum infrastructure.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Despite the recently depressed
price level of global oil benchmarks, experts forecast continued growth in crude oil pipeline capital expenditures. For example,
<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">a </FONT>study published by GlobalData in February of this year, &lsquo;North America and
Russia to Dominate Global Oil and Gas Pipeline Construction by 2018&rsquo;, estimates that U.S. oil and gas pipeline capital expenditures
for new construction will exceed $500 billion, resulting in the construction of 24,000 miles of new oil and gas pipeline capacity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">QS Energy&rsquo;s AOT and
Joule Heat Technologies are strategically aligned with the major requirements and challenges facing the petroleum pipeline economy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">First, AOT allows the midstream
sector to increase capacity while remaining within maximum pressure requirements. The technology can increase capacity for the
industry and reduce reliance on truck and train transport, which has often proven inefficient and environmentally hazardous. Second,
AOT and Joule Heat help to reduce operating expenses for pipeline operators. These technologies optimize pipeline operating efficiency,
which is especially important given the current oil price environment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Recently, the softening
of oil prices worldwide has incentivized producers and transporters to reduce costs and seek technologies that can provide greater
operational efficiencies. As noted by industry analysts, the drive to squeeze out better margins began in late 2013 when oil prices
fell to the $100 per barrel mark after a price expansion cycle that had been in place since 2000 (<I>&ldquo;Deloitte: Low Oil Prices
Creating Need for More Efficient Operations&rdquo;</I>, Rigzone.com, February 5, 2015). Capital-intensive extraction techniques
necessary for unlocking tight oil and gas have boosted costs across the industry since the shale boom began in earnest in 2008,
and today&rsquo;s low spot prices have caused for upstream and midstream operators to aggressively reduce overhead.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In answer to the energy
industry&rsquo;s pressing challenges, QS Energy is commercializing cost-efficient solutions for increasing the capacity of existing
and new pipeline gathering and transmission systems, capable of reducing operational overhead, increasing margins and delivering
measurable competitive advantages.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Target Markets</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The oil and gas sector
market can be segmented into three primary categories: Upstream Producers, Midstream Transporters and Downstream Refiners:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The Upstream segment is involved in the
exploration and production (E&amp;P) of oil and gas.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Midstream companies and partnerships transport
oil and gas to markets via pipelines, rail and shipping, and provide storage in the field and at the destination location.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The Downstream sector refines oil and
gas into finished products and, in cooperation with manufacturers and retailers, markets and distributes fuels and other refined
petroleum products.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Upstream Producers</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Upstream segment has
the greatest exposure to commodity prices. When prices fall as has been the case recently, they feel the brunt of this realignment.
They also have the most to gain from additional flow throughput capacity and therefore would see immediate benefit from QS Energy&rsquo;s
AOT and Joule Heat solutions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This sector is typically
nimble and faces few barriers to entry. With clear financial upside for every additional barrel of crude oil that they are able
to transport, these companies are often open to new and innovative technology capable of providing greater efficiencies, lower
costs and improved cash flow. Upstream producers physically move the most volume of product. They are customers to the Midstream
transporters and enter into long-term contractual shipping obligations (tariff-based transportation contracts) with Midstream transporters
to secure the movement of product from their fields to the refiners and markets downstream.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Producers make the spot
market price for every barrel delivered to refinery, minus the transport costs, tariffs, and marketing discounts associated with
bringing the product to market. A rough rule of thumb for this market is that the further away they are from the refinery, the
higher the transport costs to deliver the product. Discussions with Upstream entities has uncovered strong interest in solutions
that unlock chokepoints from their field equipment to the transmission line loading terminals through viscosity reduction (AOT)
and optimizing flow by directly heating feedstock (Joule Heat). In addition, this group would also benefit from transporters implementing
our AOT transmission-line series due to its ability to increase the overall flow capacity of pipelines transporting product from
loading terminals to market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Midstream entities transport
the bulk of the world&rsquo;s crude oil output via the 400,000 miles of crude oil pipelines globally. Domestically, they deliver
a large percentage of the U.S. daily production of 9.2 million barrels per day through 160,000 miles of crude pipelines. Midstream
operators represent a strong and ready market for both AOT and Joule Heat, and field test deployments for both solutions are underway.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The pipeline transport
operators&rsquo; business model is to charge a tariff to transport each barrel of oil through their pipeline. Due to the high daily
volume of oil being transported and its value as a commodity, even incremental performance efficiencies can drive significant reductions
in overhead reduction and increases in toll revenues.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The potential benefits
of the AOT and Joule Heat technologies include increased flow, reduced pipeline operating pressure and reduced friction losses
and friction-induced heat build-up, providing economic benefits through increased capacity and toll rate income, and regulatory
benefits through reductions in BTU per ton-mile, off-gassing and reduced carbon emissions (CO2).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Midstream Gathering Transporters</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A subset of the Midstream
transporters sector is the gathering line operators, this group often functions as a part of the Upstream producers&rsquo; operations,
or within the Midstream transporter&rsquo;s operations. Midstream gathering lines are the regional transportation infrastructure
that connect Upstream oilfield gathering lines to Midstream long distance main trunk lines. Typically, these pipelines are of a
relatively short length (20-100 miles) and have diameters between 6&rdquo; and 12&rdquo;, and could benefit from our smaller, lower
cost AOT Upstream technology.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Downstream Refineries / Offloading Facilities</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The third market category
of the industry that can potentially benefit from our technologies consists of downstream refineries and rail, truck and marine
offloading facilities. AOT viscosity reduction and Joule Heat technologies have the potential to benefit the Downstream market
sector through reduced reliance on chemical based flow assurance additives, reduced friction from turbulent pipelines, reduced
volatility, and subsequent evaporation mitigation practices and hardware requirements as mandated by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Our Products and Technology</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>AOT Commercial Products</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Beginning in the second
quarter of 2012, the Company began the design and engineering efforts required to transition from prototype testing to full-scale
commercial unit production. The Company established its supply chain, designs, drawings, engineering, certifications and specifications
to comply with the engineering audit processes as dictated by the energy industry regulation processes and North American regulatory
bodies. We have built, delivered and tested, under limited duration and conditions, AOT equipment on a high-volume commercial pipeline.
We have not proven the commercial viability of this product. Please see &ldquo;ITEM 1A, Risk Factors&rdquo;, for a discussion associated
with the commercial viability of our products.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The first commercial deployment
of AOT occurred on the Keystone Pipeline in Udall, Kansas in May 2014, utilizing four AOT pressure vessels in a parallel &ldquo;4-Pack&rdquo;
configuration for a cumulative capacity of 600,000 barrels per day. This system was operated under normal pipeline operating conditions
as reported in the ATS RheoSystems field test summary report dated February 5, 2015. A copy of the ATS summary report is available
on the Company website at: https://wsenergy.box.com/ATS-AOT-SummaryRpt. See section titled &ldquo;Laboratory and Scientific Testing&rdquo;
below for more information on test procedures and results. Subsequent to testing and termination of the TransCanada lease, the
AOT 4-Pack was uninstalled and reconfigured for deployment as four individual AOT units.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our second AOT commercial
installation was a single AOT deployment initially installed in March 2015 on the Kinder Morgan Crude &amp; Condensate pipeline,
which provides takeaway capacity for the Eagle Ford Shale in South Texas, primarily delivering crude oil condensate. Testing and
re-engineering of this unit continued through the remainder of 2015, specifically addressing issues experienced treating crude
oil condensate, resulting in a value-engineered unit which was delivered to and installed on the Kinder Morgan condensate pipeline
in February 2016, with testing scheduled to begin in March 2016.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company continues to
optimize and value engineer its AOT product line, targeting both Midstream and Upstream markets. In 2016, the Company plans to
focus its efforts and resources on finalizing commercialization of the AOT Midstream product line. Development efforts of the AOT
Upstream product was temporarily suspended in December 2015. We currently plan to resume AOT Upstream development in the fourth
quarter of 2016 depending on the availability of sufficient capital and other resources.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Joule Heat Product Development</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company began development
its Joule Heat product in 2014, based around the new electrical heat system which reduces oil viscosity through a process known
as joule heat, specifically targeting the upstream crude oil transportation market. The Company is designing and optimizing the
Joule Heat technology for the upstream oil transportation market. The Company&rsquo;s first Joule Heat prototype was installed
for testing purposes under a joint development agreement with Newfield Exploration Company in June 2015 and the system is operational;
however, changes to the prototype configuration will be required to determine commercial effectiveness of this unit. In December
2015, we temporarily suspended Joule Heat development activities to focus Company resources on finalizing commercial development
of the AOT Midstream. We currently plan to resume Joule Heat development in 2017 depending on the availability of sufficient capital
and other resources.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>AOT Commercial Supply Chain</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company has developed
a well-established supply chain for fabrication of the commercial AOT and Joule Heat devices. The supply chain consists of multiple
component suppliers and manufacturing companies engaged under Independent Contractor Agreements according to their respective fields
of expertise. The supply chain entities have been chosen for their ability to work collaboratively with QS Energy and for their
existing relationships with current and potential future customers of QS Energy technologies. The external components such as pressure
vessels, inlet and outlet piping header systems, personnel and equipment shelters are manufactured under contract with Power Service
Inc. with offices in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, and Texas. Internal components such as grid packs, electrical
connections and other machined parts are manufactured by Industrial Screen and Maintenance, with offices in Wyoming and Colorado.
All equipment is manufactured in the United States of America, using only approved raw materials and vendors for quality control
and import/export compliance purposes and meet the certifications and specifications as dictated by our customers and their independent
oversight and auditing authorities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Other components such as
power systems, electrical junction boxes, cabling, hardware, switches, circuit breakers, computer equipment, sensors, SCADA/PLC,
software and other power and integration equipment are purchased as complete units from various suppliers with operations based
throughout North America. All component vendors are required to meet or exceed the same specifications as the parts manufacturers
to maintain compliance as dictated by our customers and their independent oversight and auditing authorities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>AOT Intellectual Property</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company began its own
independent audit process for the updating of its intellectual property portfolio in 2012. The goal of this process was to streamline
unnecessary legacy items left over from prior management, consolidate efforts to countries and regions of interest and retire items
that were no longer valid or had been replaced with new intellectual property developments. In 2013, the Company retained the law
firm of Jones Walker LLP, with operations based in Houston, Texas and began consolidation and streamlining efforts to manage intellectual
properties. Since that time, QS Energy has filed two additional provisional patents related to our technologies&rsquo; method and
apparatus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">QS Energy is currently
maintaining and licensing from Temple University a portfolio of domestic and international patents, which have either been granted
or have been published and are pending subject to final approval by the respective patent agency. Each of these intellectual properties
are related to QS Energy&rsquo;s AOT, Joule Heat and Fuel Injector technologies. The AOT and Joule Heat technologies are being
actively developed and marketed by the Company. Active development of QS Energy&rsquo;s fuel injector technology was suspended
in 2013, but the Company continues to maintain a license agreement with Temple University with respect to the underlying patents,
and is considering its options to re-start commercialization, sublicense the technology, or terminate the fuel injector license
agreement with Temple. For details of the licensing agreements with Temple University, see Financial Statements attached hereto,
Note 6. Please see ITEM 1A, Risk Factors below for a discussion of risks associated with these intellectual properties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="15" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Summary of QS Energy Patents</B></FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Granted and Pending</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description of Patent</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Technology</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Granted</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pending</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Device for Saving Fuel and Reducing Emissions</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 16%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fuel Injector</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Electric-Field Assisted Fuel Atomization System and Method of Use</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fuel Injector</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Method and Apparatus for Treatment of a Fluid</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">AOT</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Increasing Fluidity of a Flowing Fluid</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">AOT</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Electrical Interconnect and Method</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">AOT, Joule Heat</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Joule Heating Apparatus and Method</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Joule Heat</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Apparatus and Method for Reducing Viscosity</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">AOT</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Method for Reduction for Crude Oil Viscosity</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">AOT</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">47</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A brief description of each of these patents is as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>Device for Saving Fuel and Reducing Emissions</I></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This patent is related to QS Energy&rsquo;s fuel injector technology.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Owned by QS Energy.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A copy of the U.S. patent can be found at https://www.google.com/patents/US6901917</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>Electric-Field Assisted Fuel Atomization System and Method of
Use</I></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This patent is related to QS Energy&rsquo;s fuel injector technology.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Owned by Temple University; licensed to QS Energy under an exclusive worldwide license agreement.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A copy of the published, pending U.S. patent can be found at https://www.google.com/patents/US20100024783</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>Method and Apparatus for Treatment of a Fluid</I></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This patent is related to QS Energy&rsquo;s AOT technology.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Owned by Temple University; licensed to QS Energy under an exclusive worldwide license agreement.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A copy of the U.S. patent can be found at https://www.google.com/patents/US8173023</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>Increasing Fluidity of a Flowing Fluid</I></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This patent is related to QS Energy&rsquo;s AOT technology.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Owned by QS Energy.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A copy of the U.S. patent can be found at https://www.google.com/patents/US8616239</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>Electrical Interconnect and Method</I></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This patent has applications in both QS Energy&rsquo;s AOT and Joule Heat technologies.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Owned by QS Energy.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A copy of the published, pending U.S. application can be found at https://www.google.com/patents/US20150184887</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>Joule Heating Apparatus and Method</I></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This patent is related to QS Energy&rsquo;s Joule Heat technology.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Owned by QS Energy.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A copy of the published, pending U.S. application can be found at https://www.google.com/patents/US20150163858</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>Apparatus and Method
for Reducing Viscosity</I></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This patent is related to QS Energy&rsquo;s AOT technology.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Owned by QS Energy.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


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<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A copy of the published, pending U.S. application can be found at https://www.google.com/patents/US20140318946</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>Method for Reduction
for Crude Oil Viscosity</I></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This patent is related to QS Energy&rsquo;s AOT technology.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


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<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Owned by Temple University; licensed to QS Energy under an exclusive worldwide license agreement.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&bull;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A copy of the U.S. patent can be found at http://www.google.com/patents/US8156954</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Current Business Status</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are subject to non-disclosure
agreements with national and multi-national upstream and midstream energy production and transportation companies throughout the
USA and overseas for evaluation, testing and analysis of our AOT products' value to their systems. The Company has non-disclosure
agreements in place with companies located on the following continents:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">North America</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Europe</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Africa</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Asia</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Australia</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Many of these companies
have further demonstrated interest in our technology by electing to send crude oil samples to Temple University to test the potential
efficacy of AOT technology on oils typical to their operations, results of which are used to provide detailed benefits analysis
and determine baseline AOT configurations optimized for each company&rsquo;s unique operating conditions. Oil samples tested under
these non-disclosure agreements include: African crude oil; refinery fuels; black wax and yellow wax crudes from the Uintah Basin;
#2 diesel fuel; ultra-low sulfur diesel; Central California crude oil; crude oil condensate; and sour crude oil. Results of laboratory
these tests vary greatly depending on properties of the oil samples (viscosity, water content, particulate matter, etc.), and pipeline
operating characteristics (oil temperature, flow rate, etc.). All samples tested demonstrated viscosity reductions, with half of
the samples measuring viscosity reductions for 40% or more; one quarter of the samples measuring viscosity reductions ranging from
15% to 25%; and one quarter of the samples measuring viscosity reduction ranging from 4% to 6%.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company is currently
in discussions with a large crude oil and transportation company with operations in the Southern United States and gulf coast region.
Temple University has tested multiple oil samples provided under a non-disclosure agreement, demonstrating viscosity reductions
up to 46% in a laboratory setting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company is in active
discussions with a large Middle Eastern oil company regarding AOT technology in Middle East, having tested multiple oil samples
provided by this oil company at Temple University in 2015 and 2016. The most recent round of testing on Middle Eastern oil company
samples was completed early 2017, demonstrating AOT viscosity reductions of 20% to 50% in a laboratory setting. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company is currently
in discussions regarding AOT technologies with five additional top-tier national and multi-national oil and gas companies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Laboratory and Scientific Testing</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">From 2010 through 2013,
the Company worked with the U.S. Department of Energy (&ldquo;US DOE&rdquo;) to test its technology at the Department of Energy&rsquo;s
Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center (&ldquo;RMOTC&rdquo;), near Casper, Wyoming.&nbsp; This third-party testing independently
verified the efficacy of the Company&rsquo;s technology operating in a controlled facility, using commercial-scale prototype of
our AOT equipment. These tests were summarized in the US DOE Rocky Mountain Oilfield Test Center report dated April 4, 2012 (&ldquo;ROMRC
Report&rdquo;), which reported AOT measured pressure loss reduction of 40% (RMOTC Report, Fig. 1, page 4) and viscosity reduction
of 40% (RMOTC Report, Fig. 2, page 4); and reported observed reductions in line-loss and gains in pump operation efficiency across
the entire length of the 4.4-mile test pipeline. A copy of the RMOTC April 4, 2012 Report is available on the Company website at:
https://qsenergy.box.com/DOE-STWA-RMOTC-Report. A subsequent long-duration (24-hour) test at the RMOTC facility tested the effectiveness
of AOT in treating oil overnight, as pipeline oil temperatures and viscosities drop. In its report dated May 3, 2012 to May 4,
2012, US DOE engineers recorded 56% reduction in viscosity of the AOT-treated oil versus untreated oil, with AOT effectively stabilizing
oil viscosity throughout the overnight run despite dropping temperatures. A copy of the RMOTC May 3, 2012 to May 4, 2012 report
is available on the Company website at: https://qsenergy.box.com/DOE-STWA-RMOTC-Overnight.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Laboratory testing of our
AOT technology has been conducted by Dr. Rongjia Tao.&nbsp; Testing of the technology as applied to crude oil extraction and transmission
has been conducted at Temple University in their Physics Department, in addition to the US DOE, at their Rocky Mountain Oilfield
Testing Center, located on the Naval Petroleum Reserve #3 Teapot Dome Oilfield, north of Casper, Wyoming. In addition, a group
led by Dr. Rongjia Tao, Chairman, Department of Physics of Temple University conducted experiments, using the laboratory-scale
Applied Oil Technology apparatus at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research (CNR).
NIST is an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce, founded in 1901 in Gaithersburg, Maryland.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Independent laboratory
testing was also conducted as a collaborative effort by Temple University and PetroChina Pipeline R&amp;D Center (&ldquo;PetroChina&rdquo;)
in 2012. In its report dated June 26, 2012 (&ldquo;PetroChina Report&rdquo;), PetroChina concluded, &ldquo;The above series of
tests show that it is very effective to use AOT to reduce the viscosity of crude oil. We can see that AOT has significantly reduced
the viscosity of Daqing crude oil, Changqing crude oil, and Venezuela crude oil, and greatly improved its flow rate.&rdquo; (PetroChina
Report, page 15). A copy of the PetroChina Report is available online at: https://qsenergy.box.com/PetroChina-STWA-Report</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As previously reported
in 2014, QS Energy installed and tested its commercial AOT equipment, leased and operated by TransCanada on TransCanada&rsquo;s
high-volume Keystone pipeline operation.&nbsp; The first full test of the AOT equipment on the Keystone pipeline was performed
in July 2014, with preliminary data analyzed and reported by Dr. Rongjia Tao of Temple University. Upon review of the July 2014
test results and preliminary report by Dr. Tao, QS Energy and TransCanada mutually agreed that this initial test was flawed due
to, among other factors, the short-term nature of the test, the inability to isolate certain independent pipeline operating factors
such as fluctuations in upstream pump station pressures, and limitations of the AOT device to produce a sufficient electric field
to optimize viscosity reduction.&nbsp; Although Dr. Tao&rsquo;s preliminary report indicated promising results, QS Energy and TransCanada
mutually agreed that no conclusions could be reliably reached from the July 2014 test or from Dr. Tao&rsquo;s preliminary report.
As a result of this test, the Company modified its testing protocols and contracted with an independent laboratory, ATS RheoSystems,
a division of CANNON (&ldquo;ATS&rdquo;), to perform follow-up tests at the TransCanada facility. This independent laboratory performed
viscosity measurements at the TransCanada facility during subsequent testing in September 2014. As detailed in its field test report
dated October 6, 2014, ATS measured AOT viscosity reductions of 8% to 23% depending on flow rates and crude oil types in transit.
Over the duration of a 24-hour test intended to measure the recovery of the AOT treated oil from its reduced-viscosity treated
state to its original pre-treated viscosity, ATS measured viscosity reductions of 23% three hours after treatment and 11% thirteen
hours after treatment, with the crude oil returning to its untreated state approximately twenty-two hours after treatment. In its
summary report dated February 5, 2015, ATS concluded that i) data indicated a decrease in viscosity of crude oil flowing through
the TransCanada pipeline due to AOT treatment of the crude oil; and ii) the power supply installed on our equipment would need
to be increased to maximize reduction in viscosity and take full advantage of the AOT technology.&nbsp; A copy of the ATS summary
report dated February 5, 2015 is available on the Company website at: https://qsenergy.box.com/ATS-AOT-SummaryRpt. A copy of the
ATS field test report dated October 6, 2014, with certain confidential information redacted, is available on the Company website
at: https://qsenergy.box.com/ATS-AOT-Detailed-Report.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Although, as reported by
ATS, the efficacy of the AOT technology operated in the TransCanada field test was constrained due to limitations of the electric
field applied by that unit&rsquo;s power supply, subsequent analysis by QS Energy personnel of ATS test results compared against
laboratory tests performed at Temple University on oil samples provided by TransCanada revealed a single test run in which the
electric field generated by the AOT was sufficient to fully treat the oil given operating conditions at the time of the test. In
this test run, ATS measured a 23% reduction in viscosity three hours after AOT treatment. Laboratory tests at Temple University
performed on a sample of crude oil provided by TransCanada of the same type treated in that specific field test measured a 27%
reduction in viscosity in the laboratory immediately following treatment. Allowing for the actual three-hour of recovery time of
the field test measurement, the resulting field test viscosity reduction of 23% correlates very well to the 27% viscosity reduction
achieved in the laboratory setting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Due to the small sample
size of tests performed during the TransCanada field test, results reported by ATS are statistically inconclusive and cannot be
relied upon to provide proof of AOT efficacy. While more testing is required to establish the efficacy of our AOT technology, we
are encouraged by the findings of our independent research laboratory and the results of subsequent comparative analysis of data
collected under laboratory and commercial operating conditions. We look forward to further development and commercialization of
our technology. The TransCanada Lease was terminated by TransCanada, effective October 15, 2014. The Company has modified the design
of the AOT power supply such that future installations of the AOT device are expected to achieve sufficient electric field to optimize
viscosity reduction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company contracted
Southern Research Company (&ldquo;SRI&rdquo;) in 2015 to perform independent laboratory tests on its prototype Joule Heat units
AOT Upstream units. SRI performed tests on a prototype Joule Heat unit in September 2015, which showed promising results in which
the Joule Heat prototype was observed to increase crude oil temperatures. In December 2015, we temporarily suspended Joule Heat
and AOT Upstream development activities to focus Company resources on finalizing commercial development of the AOT Midstream. Testing
terminated at SRI and all prototype equipment was returned to the Company. We currently plan to resume Joule Heat and AOT Upstream
development in the fourth quarter of 2016 depending on the availability of sufficient capital and other resources.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Competition</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The oil transportation
industry is highly competitive.  We are aware of only three currently available competitive technologies in widespread
use for reducing the viscosity of oil throughout the world.  Many of our competitors have greater financial, research,
marketing and staff resources than we do. For instance, oil pipeline operators use heat, diluents such as naphtha and/or natural
gasoline, and/or chemical viscosity reduction additives, or chemical drag-reducing agents to improve flow in pipelines.  Our
research indicates that these methods are either very energy-intensive, or costly to implement on a day to day basis.  Management
believes that the Company&rsquo;s AOT technology presents advantages over traditional methods, yet the industry&rsquo;s willingness
to experiment with new technology may pose some challenges in acceptance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are not aware of any
other technology using uniform electrical field crude oil viscosity reduction technology which is designed to significantly improve
pipeline operation efficiency.  Although we are unaware of any technologies that compete directly with our technologies,
there can be no assurance that any unknown existing or future technology will not be superior to products incorporating our AOT
technology.  Major domestic and international manufacturers and distributors of pipeline flow-improvement chemical solutions
include Pemex, Petrotrin, Pluspetrol, Repsol, Glencore, Conoco-Philips, and Baker-Hughes. According to our research, heater skid
manufacturers are generally local to the oilfield and pipeline regions, and are comprised of a large number of relatively small
businesses in a fragmented industry. Major heater skid manufacturers are Parker, KW International, Thermotech Systems, LTD.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Government Regulation and Environmental Matters</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our research and development
activities are not subject to any governmental regulations that would have a significant impact on our business and we believe
that we are in compliance with all applicable regulations that apply to our business as it is presently conducted. Our products,
as such, are not subject to certification or approval by the EPA or other governmental agencies domestically or internationally.
Depending upon whether we manufacture or license our products in the future and in which countries such products are manufactured
or sold, we may be subject to regulations, including environmental regulations, at such time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Non-Disclosure Agreements</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">To protect our intellectual
property, we have entered into agreements with certain employees and consultants, which limit access to, and disclosure or use
of, our technology. There can be no assurance, however, that the steps we have taken to deter misappropriation of our intellectual
property or third party development of our technology and/or processes will be adequate, that others will not independently develop
similar technologies and/or processes or that secrecy will not be breached. In addition, although management believes that our
technology has been independently developed and does not infringe on the proprietary rights of others, there can be no assurance
that our technology does not and will not so infringe or that third parties will not assert infringement claims against us in the
future. Management believes that the steps they have taken to date will provide some degree of protection; however, no assurance
can be given that this will be the case.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Employees</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of December&nbsp;31,
2016, the Company had three (3) full-time employees. As of such date, we also utilized the services of six part-time consultants
to assist us with various matters, including&nbsp;engineering, logistics, investor relations, public relations, accounting and
sales and marketing. We intend to hire additional personnel to provide services when they are needed on a full-time basis. We recognize
that our efficiency largely depends, in part, on our ability to hire and retain additional qualified personnel as and when needed
and we have adopted procedures to assure our ability to do so.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><A NAME="a3"></A><B>Item 1A.&nbsp;Risk Factors</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>We have a history of
losses, and we cannot assure you that we will ever become or remain profitable. As a result, you may lose your entire investment.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We generated insignificant
revenues from operations in late 2006 and subsequently did not generate any revenues until 2014 and we have incurred recurring
net losses every year since our inception in 1998. For the fiscal years ended December&nbsp;31, 2016 and 2015, and we had net losses
of $4,000,000 and $4,229,000, and respectively. To date, we have dedicated most of our financial resources to research and development,
general and administrative expenses and initial sales and marketing activities. We have funded all of our activities through sales
of our debt and equity securities for cash. We anticipate net losses and negative cash flow to continue until such time as our
products are brought to market in sufficient amounts to offset operating losses. Our ability to achieve profitability is dependent
upon our continuing research and development, product development, and sales and marketing efforts, to deliver viable products
and the Company&rsquo;s ability to successfully bring them to market. Although our management is optimistic that we will succeed
in marketing products incorporating our technologies, there can be no assurance that we will ever generate significant revenues
or that any revenues that may be generated will be sufficient for us to become profitable or thereafter maintain profitability.
If we cannot generate sufficient revenues or become or remain profitable, we may have to cease our operations and liquidate our
business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Our independent auditors
have expressed doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, which may hinder our ability to obtain future financing.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In their report dated&nbsp;March
31, 2017,&nbsp;our independent auditors stated that our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December&nbsp;31,
2016 were prepared assuming that we would continue as a going concern. Our ability to continue as a going concern is an issue
raised as a result of our recurring net losses and accumulated deficit from operations since inception. We had a stockholders&rsquo;
deficit of $1,358,000 as of December&nbsp;31, 2016. Our ability to continue as a going concern is subject to our ability to obtain
significant additional capital to fund our operations and to generate revenue from sales, of which there is no assurance. The
going concern qualification in the auditor&rsquo;s report could materially limit our ability to raise additional capital. If we
fail to raise sufficient capital, we may have to liquidate our business and you may lose your investment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Since we have not yet
begun to generate positive cash flow from operations, our ability to continue operations is dependent on our ability to either
begin to generate positive cash flow from operations or our ability to raise capital from outside sources.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have not generated positive
cash flow from operations since our inception in February 1998 and have relied on external sources of capital to fund operations.
We had $136,000 in cash at December 31, 2016 and used cash from operations of $1,626,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We currently do not have
credit facilities available with financial institutions or other third parties, and historically have relied upon best efforts
third-party funding. Though we have been successful at raising capital on a best efforts basis in the past, we can provide no assurance
that we will be successful in any future best-efforts financing endeavors. We will need to continue to rely upon financing from
external sources to fund our operations for the foreseeable future. If we are unable to raise sufficient capital from external
sources to fund our operations, we may need to curtail operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>We will need substantial
additional capital to meet our operating needs, and we cannot be sure that additional financing will be available.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of December&nbsp;31,
2016 and thereafter, our expenses ran, and are expected to continue to run, at an approximate &ldquo;cash burn rate&rdquo; of $100,000
per month, which amount could increase during 2017. In order to fund our capital needs, we conducted private offerings of our securities
in 2015 and 2016. While discussion regarding additional interim and permanent financings are being actively conducted, management
cannot predict with certainty that an equity line of credit will be available to provide adequate funds, or any funds at all, or
whether any additional interim or permanent financings will be available at all or, if it is available, if it will be available
on favorable terms. If we cannot obtain needed capital, our research and development, and sales and marketing plans, business and
financial condition and our ability to reduce losses and generate profits will be materially and adversely affected.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our business prospects
are difficult to predict because of our limited operating history, early stage of development and unproven business strategy. Since
our incorporation in 1998, we have been and continue to be involved in development of products using our technology, establishing
manufacturing and marketing of these products to consumers and industry partners. Although we believe our technology and products
in development have significant profit potential, we may not attain profitable operations and our management may not succeed in
realizing our business objectives.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>If we are not able to
devote adequate resources to product development and commercialization, we may not be able to develop our products.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our business strategy is
to develop, manufacture and market products incorporating our AOT and Joule Heat technologies. We believe that our revenue growth
and profitability, if any, will substantially depend upon our ability to raise additional necessary capital for research and development,
complete development of our products in development and successfully introduce and commercialize our products.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Certain of our products
are still under various stages of development. Because we have limited resources to devote to product development and commercialization,
any delay in the development of one product or reallocation of resources to product development efforts that prove unsuccessful
may delay or jeopardize the development of other product candidates. Although our management believes that it can finance our product
development through private placements and other capital sources, if we do not develop new products and bring them to market, our
ability to generate revenues will be adversely affected.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>The commercial viability
of QS Energy&rsquo;s technologies remains largely unproven and we may not be able to attract customers.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Despite the fact that we
leased AOT equipment in 2014 to a major oil pipeline operator and tested the equipment on their high-volume pipeline under normal
operating conditions, have entered into a lease agreement with a second major oil pipeline operator to operate and test AOT equipment
in 2015, and initiated testing of our Joule Heat technology in laboratory and commercial operating conditions in 2015, the commercial
viability of our devices is not known at this time. If commercial opportunities are not realized from the use of products incorporating
the AOT and Joule Heat technologies, our ability to generate revenue would be adversely affected. There can be no assurances that
we will be successful in marketing our products, or that customers will ultimately purchase our products. Failure to have commercial
success from the sale of our products will significantly and negatively impact our financial condition. There can be no assurances
that we will be successful in<B><I>&nbsp;</I></B>marketing our products, or that customers will ultimately purchase our products.
Failure to have commercial success from the sale of our products will significantly and negatively impact our financial condition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>If our products and
services do not gain market acceptance, it is unlikely that we will become profitable.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At this time, our technology
is commercially unproven, and the use of our technology by others is limited. Specific examples of use to date include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Temple University, testing, research and joint development;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S. Department of Energy Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center, testing and research;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PetroChina Pipeline R&amp;D Center, testing and research;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">TransCanada, testing;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Kinder Morgan Crude and Condensate, testing, possible conversion to commercial use;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Newfield Exploration Company, testing and joint development;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">On-site testing of a laboratory-scale AOT at a Canadian oil producer&rsquo;s facility in Alberta Canada.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The commercial success
of our products will depend upon the adoption of our technology by the oil industry. Market acceptance will depend on many factors,
including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the willingness and ability of consumers and industry partners to adopt new technologies;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our ability to convince potential industry partners and consumers that our technology is an attractive alternative to other technologies;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our ability to manufacture products and provide services in sufficient quantities with acceptable quality and at an acceptable cost; and,</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our ability to place and service sufficient quantities of our products.&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If our products do not
achieve a significant level of market acceptance, demand for our products will not develop as expected and it is unlikely that
we will become profitable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>We outsource and rely
on third parties for the manufacture of our products.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our business model calls
for the outsourcing of the manufacture of our products in order to reduce our capital and infrastructure costs, capital expenditure
and personnel. Accordingly, we must enter into agreements with other companies that can assist us and provide certain capabilities
that we do not possess, and to increase our manufacturing capacity as necessary. We can provide no assurances that any such outsourcing
will be at commercially acceptable rates or profitable. Moreover, we do not have the required financial and human resources or
capability to manufacture, market and sell our products. Our business model calls for the outsourcing of the manufacture, and sales
and marketing of our products in order to reduce our capital and infrastructure costs as a means of potentially improving our financial
position and the profitability of our business. Accordingly, we must enter into agreements with other companies that can assist
us and provide certain capabilities that we do not possess. We may not be successful in entering into additional such alliances
on favorable terms or at all. Furthermore, any delay in entering into agreements could delay the development and commercialization
of our products and reduce their competitiveness even if they reach the market. Any such delay related to our existing or future
agreements could adversely affect our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>If any party to which
we have outsourced certain functions fails to perform its obligations under agreements with us, the development and commercialization
of our products could be delayed or curtailed.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">To the extent that we rely
on other companies to manufacture, sell or market our products, we will be dependent on the timeliness and effectiveness of their
efforts. If any of these parties do not perform its obligations in a timely and effective manner, the commercialization of our
products could be delayed or curtailed because we may not have sufficient financial resources or capabilities to continue such
development and commercialization on our own.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Any revenues that we
may earn in the future are unpredictable, and our operating results are likely to fluctuate from quarter to quarter.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe that our future
operating results will fluctuate due to a variety of factors, including delays in product development, market acceptance of our
new products, changes in the demand for and pricing of our products, competition and pricing pressure from competitive products,
manufacturing delays and expenses related to and the results of proceedings relating to our intellectual property.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A large portion of our
expenses, including expenses for our facilities, equipment and personnel, is relatively fixed and not subject to further significant
reduction. In addition, we expect our operating expenses will increase in 2015 as we continue our research and development and
increase our production and marketing activities, among other activities. Although we expect to generate revenues from sales of
our products, revenues may decline or not grow as anticipated and our operating results could be substantially harmed for a particular
fiscal period. Moreover, our operating results in some quarters may not meet the expectations of stock market analysts and investors.
In that case, our stock price most likely would decline.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Nondisclosure agreements
with employees and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In order to protect our
proprietary technology and processes, we rely in part on nondisclosure agreements with our employees, licensing partners, customers,
consultants, agents and other organizations to which we disclose our proprietary information. These agreements may not effectively
prevent disclosure of confidential information and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of
confidential information. In addition, others may independently discover trade secrets and proprietary information, and in such
cases, we could not assert any trade secret rights against such parties. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary
to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely
affect our competitive business position. Since we rely on trade secrets and nondisclosure agreements, in addition to patents,
to protect some of our intellectual property, there is a risk that third parties may obtain and improperly utilize our proprietary
information to our competitive disadvantage. We may not be able to detect unauthorized use or take appropriate and timely steps
to enforce our intellectual property rights.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>The manufacture, use
or sale of our current and proposed products may infringe on the patent rights of others, and we may be forced to litigate if an
intellectual property dispute arises.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have taken measures
to protect ourselves from infringing on the patent rights of others; however, if we infringe or are alleged to have infringed another
party&rsquo;s patent rights, we may be required to seek a license, defend an infringement action or challenge the validity of the
patents in court. Patent litigation is costly and time consuming. We may not have sufficient resources to bring these actions to
a successful conclusion. In addition, if we do not obtain a license, do not successfully defend an infringement action or are unable
to have infringed patents declared invalid, we may incur substantial monetary damages ,encounter significant delays in marketing
our current and proposed product candidates, be unable to conduct or participate in the manufacture, use or sale of product, candidates
or methods of treatment requiring licenses, lose patent protection for our inventions and products; or find our patents are unenforceable,
invalid, or have a reduced scope of protection.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Parties making such claims
may be able to obtain injunctive relief that could effectively block our ability to further develop or commercialize our current
and proposed product candidates in the United States and abroad and could result in the award of substantial damages. Defense of
any lawsuit or failure to obtain any such license could substantially harm the company. Litigation, regardless of outcome, could
result in substantial cost to and a diversion of efforts by the Company to operate its business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>We may face costly
intellectual property / license agreements disputes.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our ability to compete
effectively will depend in part on our ability to develop and maintain proprietary aspects of our technologies and either to operate
without infringing the proprietary rights of others or to obtain rights to technology owned by third parties. Our pending patent
applications, specifically patent rights of the AOT technology and Joule Heating process may not result in the issuance of any
patents or any issued patents that will offer protection against competitors with similar technology. Patents we have licensed
for our technologies, and which we may receive, may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented in the future or the rights created
by those patents may not provide a competitive advantage. We also rely on trade secrets, technical know-how and continuing invention
to develop and maintain our competitive position. Others may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information
and techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets. See Note 6 of our financial statements attached hereto for a discussion and status of our license agreements
with Temple University.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>We may not be able to
attract or retain qualified senior personnel.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe we are currently
able to manage our current business with our existing management team. However, as we expand the scope of our operations, we will
need to obtain the full-time services of additional senior management and other personnel. Competition for highly-skilled personnel
is intense, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to attract or retain qualified senior personnel. Our failure to
do so could have an adverse effect on our ability to implement our business plan. As we add full-time senior personnel, our overhead
expenses for salaries and related items will increase compensation packages, these increases could be substantial.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>If we lose our key personnel
or are unable to attract and retain additional personnel, we may be unable to achieve profitability.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our future success is substantially
dependent on the efforts of our senior management. The loss of the services of members of our senior management may significantly delay or prevent the achievement
of product development and other business objectives. Because of the scientific nature of our business, we depend substantially
on our ability to attract and retain qualified marketing, scientific and technical personnel, including consultants. There is intense
competition among specialized automotive companies for qualified personnel in the areas of our activities. If we lose the services
of, or do not successfully recruit key marketing, scientific and technical personnel, the growth of our business could be substantially
impaired. We do not maintain key man insurance for any of these individuals.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Currently, there is
only very limited trading in our stock, so you may be unable to sell your shares at or near the quoted bid prices if you need to
sell your shares.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The shares of our common
stock are thinly-traded on the OTC Bulletin Board, meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing
our common shares at or near bid prices at any given time may be relatively small or non-existent. This situation is attributable
to a number of factors, including the fact that we are a small company engaged in a high risk business which is relatively unknown
to stock analysts, stock brokers, institutional investors and others in the investment community that can generate or influence
daily trading volume and valuation. Should we even come to the attention of such persons, they tend to be risk-averse and would
be reluctant to follow an unproven, early stage company such as ours or purchase or recommend the purchase of our shares until
such time as we became more seasoned and viable. As a consequence, there may be periods of several days or more when trading activity
in our shares is minimal or non-existent, as compared to a seasoned issuer which has a large and steady volume of trading activity
that will generally support continuous trading without negatively impacting share price. We cannot provide any assurance that a
broader or more active public trading market for shares of our common stock will develop or be sustained. Due to these conditions,
we cannot give any assurance that shareholders will be able to sell their shares at or near bid prices or at all.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>The market price of
our stock is volatile.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The market price for our
common stock has been volatile during the last year, ranging from a closing price of $0.50 on March 17, 2015 to a closing price
of $0.05 on December 30, 2016, and a closing price of $0.09 on March 21, 2016. Additionally, the price of our stock has been both
higher and lower than those amounts on an intra-day basis in the last year. Because our stock is thinly traded, its price can change
dramatically over short periods, even in a single day. The market price of our common stock could fluctuate widely in response
to many factors, including, developments with respect to patents or proprietary rights, announcements of technological innovations
by us or our competitors, announcements of new products or new contracts by us or our competitors, actual or anticipated variations
in our operating results due to the level of development expenses and other factors, changes in financial estimates by securities
analysts and whether any future earnings of ours meet or exceed such estimates, conditions and trends in our industry, new accounting
standards, general economic, political and market conditions and other factors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Substantial sales of
common stock could cause our stock price to fall.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In the past year, there
have been times when average daily trading volume of our common stock has been extremely low, and there have been many days in
which no shares were traded at all. At other times, the average daily trading volume of our common stock has been high.  Nevertheless,
the possibility that substantial amounts of common stock may be sold in the public market may adversely affect prevailing market
prices for our common stock and could impair a shareholder&rsquo;s ability to sell our stock or our ability to raise capital through
the sale of our equity securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Potential issuance of
additional shares of our common stock could dilute existing stockholders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are authorized to issue
up to 300,000,000 shares of common stock. To the extent of such authorization, our Board of Directors has the ability, without
seeking stockholder approval, to issue additional shares of common stock in the future for such consideration as the Board of Directors
may consider sufficient. The issuance of additional common stock in the future will reduce the proportionate ownership and voting
power of shareholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>We may not be successful in identifying,
making, financing and integrating acquisitions. </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A component of our business
strategy is to make selective acquisitions that will strengthen our core services or presence in selected markets. The success
of this strategy will depend, among other things, on our ability to identify suitable acquisition candidates, to obtain acceptable
financing, to timely and successfully integrate acquired businesses or assets and to retain the key personnel and the customer
base of acquired businesses. Any future acquisitions could present a number of risks, including but not limited to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">incorrect assumptions regarding the future
results of acquired operations or assets or expected cost reductions or other synergies expected to be realized as a result of
acquiring operations or assets;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">failure to integrate successfully the
operations or management of any acquired operations or assets in a timely manner;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">failure to retain or attract key employees;
and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">diversion of management&rsquo;s attention
from existing operations or other priorities.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If we are unable to identify,
make and successfully integrate acquired businesses, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition,
results of operations and cash flows.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Our common stock is
subject to penny stock regulation, which may make it more difficult for us to raise capital.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our common stock is considered
penny stock under SEC regulations. It is subject to rules that impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers
who sell our securities. For example, broker-dealers must make a suitability determination for the purchaser, receive the purchaser&rsquo;s
written consent to the transaction prior to sale, and make&nbsp;special disclosures regarding sales commissions, current stock
price quotations, recent price information and information on the limited market in penny stock. Because of these additional obligations,
some broker-dealers may not effect transactions in penny stocks, which may adversely affect the liquidity of our common stock and
shareholders&rsquo; ability to sell our common stock in the secondary market. This lack of liquidity may make it difficult for
us to raise capital in the future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><A NAME="a4"></A><B>Item&nbsp;1B. Unresolved Staff Comments</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">None</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><A NAME="a5"></A><B>Item&nbsp;2. Properties</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In 2016, the Company moved
its executive offices to 5266 Hollister Avenue, Suite 219, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 in May 2016. Prior to this move, the Company&rsquo;s
executive offices were located at 735 State Street, Suite 500, Santa Barbara, California 93101.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Total rent expense under
these leases in effect during the years ended December 31, 2016, and 2015 was $45,000 and $70,000, respectively which are included
as part of Operating Expenses in the attached consolidated statements of operations. Remaining minimum lease commitments under
the non-cancellable office lease at December 31, 2016 were $4,000 through May 2017. See Note 9 of our financial statements attached hereto for a discussion and status of our office
lease agreements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe our facilities
are adequate to meet our current and near-term needs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><A NAME="a6"></A><B>Item&nbsp;3. Legal Proceedings</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">There is no litigation
of any significance with the exception of the matters that have arisen under, and are being handled in, the normal course of business.  &nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><A NAME="a7"></A><B>Item&nbsp;4. Mine Safety Disclosures.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">None.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a8"></A>PART
II</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a9"></A>Item&nbsp;5. Market for Common Equity, Related
Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Through May 21,
2007, our common stock was traded on the Over the Counter Bulletin Board (the &ldquo;OTCBB&rdquo;) under the symbol
&ldquo;ZERO&rdquo;. Effective May 22, 2007, our common stock was removed from the OTCBB and placed on the &ldquo;Pink
Sheets&rdquo;.&nbsp;Effective February 8, 2010, our common stock was reinstated and currently trades on the OTCBB. On October
30, 2014, our common stock was listed for trading on the OTCQX and OTCQB marketplace under the symbol &ldquo;ZERO&rdquo;.
Effective August 11, 2015, the Company changed its name to QS Energy, Inc., and changed its trading symbol to
&ldquo;QSEP&rdquo;. The following table sets forth the high and low bid prices of the Company&rsquo;s common stock for the
quarters indicated as quoted on the OTCBB as reported by Yahoo Finance.<B> </B>These quotations reflect inter-dealer
prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission, and may not represent actual transactions.</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>2016</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>2015</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>2014</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>High</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Low</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>High</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Low</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>High</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Low</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">First Quarter</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.21</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.51</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.34</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.12</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.76</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Second Quarter</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.19</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.47</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.30</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.89</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.64</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Third Quarter</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.17</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.38</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.15</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.84</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.50</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fourth Quarter</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.07</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.03</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.34</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.13</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.74</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.34</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">According to the records
of our transfer agent, we had approximately 1,000 stockholders of record of our common stock at March 27, 2016. The Company believes
that the number of beneficial owners is substantially higher than this amount.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We do not pay a dividend
on our common stock and we currently intend to retain future cash flows to finance our operations and fund the growth of our business.
Any payment of future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon, among other things, our
earnings, financial condition, capital requirements, level of indebtedness, contractual restrictions in respect to the payment
of dividends and other factors that our Board of Directors deems relevant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Issuances of Unregistered Securities in Current Fiscal Year</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the year ended
December 31, 2016, the Company issued an aggregate of 15,213,449 shares of its common stock as follows:&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued 300,000 shares of common stock to consultants for services rendered with a fair value of $48,000 which is included as part of Operating Expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The shares were valued at the trading price at the date of issuance.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued 14,913,449 shares of its common stock valued at $1,491,000 at conversion prices of $0.10 per share upon voluntary conversion of certain of the Company&rsquo;s convertible promissory notes summarized by month as follows:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Shares of Common Stock Issued in Year Ended
December 31, 2016</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 84%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Month of Issuance</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Principal and<BR>
 Interest <BR>
Converted to<BR>
 Common Stock</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Conversion <BR>
Price</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares of</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common Stock</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Issued</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">January 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt; width: 20%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">330,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">February 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">77,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">770,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">248,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,479,049</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">476,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,756,400</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">60,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">605,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">165,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,650,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">August 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">231,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,310,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">201,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,013,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,491,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14,913,449</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued convertible notes in aggregate value of $1,587,000 for net proceeds of $1,443,000, convertible into 15,870,449 shares in common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $0.10 per share, and in connection with these notes, issued warrants to purchase 7,935,225 shares of common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.10 per share and expiring one year from the date of issuance, summarized by month as follows:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Convertible Notes Issued in Year Ended December
31, 2016</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Month of Issuance</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash <BR>
Proceeds</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Face Value <BR>
of Note</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Conversion <BR>
Price</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Convertible<BR>
 to Shares of<BR>
 Common<BR>
 Stock</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrants<BR>
 to Purchase<BR>
 Common<BR>
 Stock</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrant</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exercise Price</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrant <BR>
Expiration<BR>
 Month</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 17%; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">January 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 11%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 11%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 11%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt; width: 11%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;330,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt; width: 11%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;165,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt; width: 11%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt; width: 13%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">January 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">February 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">171,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">187,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;1,874,049</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;937,025</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">February 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">562,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">618,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;6,183,100</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;3,091,550</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;300,300</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;150,150</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right">$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">115,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">127,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;1,265,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;632,500</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">370,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">407,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;4,070,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;2,035,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">August 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">168,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">185,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;1,848,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;924,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">August 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,443,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,587,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15,870,449</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7,935,225</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Issuances of Unregistered Securities in Prior Fiscal Year</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the year ended December
31, 2015, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,803,333 shares of its common stock as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 91%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On January 12, 2015, the Company issued 200,000 shares of its common stock to the holder of a warrant upon exercise of the warrant at a price of $0.25 per share with proceeds of $50,000.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 91%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued 2,603,333 shares of its common stock valued at $669,000 at conversion prices of $0.10-$0.48 per share upon voluntary conversion of certain of the Company&rsquo;s convertible promissory notes as follows:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Shares of Common Stock Issued in Year Ended
December 31, 2015</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 84%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Month of <BR>
Issuance</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Principal and<BR>
 Interest <BR>
Converted to <BR>
Common Stock</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Conversion <BR>
Price</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares of</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common Stock</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Issued</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">January 2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt; width: 20%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">53,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt; width: 20%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">  &nbsp;0.48</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt; width: 20%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">110,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">550,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.30</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,833,333</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December 2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">66,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">660,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total, 2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">669,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.26</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,603,333</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued convertible notes in aggregate value of $726,000 for net proceeds of $660,000, convertible into 3,593,333 shares in common stock of the Company at a conversion prices of $0.10-$0.30 per share, and in connection with these notes, issued warrants to purchase 1,796,667 shares of common stock of the Company at exercise prices of $0.10-$0.30 per share and expiring one year from the date of issuance, as follows:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Convertible Notes Issued in Year Ended December
31, 2015</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Month of Issuance</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash <BR>
Proceeds</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Face Value<BR>
 of Note</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Conversion<BR>
 Price</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Convertible to<BR>
 Shares of <BR>
Common Stock</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrants to <BR>
Purchase <BR>
Common Stock</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrant</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exercise<BR>
 Price</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrant <BR>
Expiration<BR>
 Month</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">May 2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">350,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 9%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">385,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.30</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt; width: 13%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,283,333</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt; width: 14%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">641,667</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt; width: 9%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.30</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt; width: 22%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">May 2016</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">150,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">165,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.30</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">550,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">275,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.30</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 2016</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">November 2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">330,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">165,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">November 2016</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December 2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">130,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">143,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,430,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">715,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December 2016</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total, 2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">660,000 </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">726,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.20</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,593,333</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,796,667</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.20</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The sales of the securities
described above were made in reliance on the exemptions from registration set forth in Section&nbsp;4(2) of the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;Act&rdquo;), and/or Regulation S promulgated thereunder, in that the sales were made without general
advertising or solicitation in non-public offerings to accredited U.S. investors and/or to non-U.S. investors in transactions
outside the United States. The above described shares of common stock, convertible notes and warrants were issued by the Company
in furtherance of the terms and conditions of each such instrument, forms of which were attached to our form 10-K filed March
16, 2016 as Exhibits 10.117, 10.118 and 10.119.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><A NAME="a10"></A><B>Item 6. Selected Financial Data</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The selected consolidated
financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto
and management&rsquo;s discussion and analysis included elsewhere in this Form&nbsp;10-K annual report and in our annual reports
that have been filed for the prior years presented.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS
OF OPERATIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended December 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Net sales</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Costs and Expenses</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 46%; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Operating expenses</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">2,103,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">2,915,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Research and development expenses</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">279,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">578,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Loss before other income (expense)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(2,382,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(3,493,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Other income (expense)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Interest and financing expense</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,617,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(747,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Other income, net</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">11,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Net loss</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(4,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(4,229,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Net loss per common share, basic and diluted</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(0.02</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(0.02</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">192,831,810</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">182,267,719</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ended December 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><B>Assets</B></TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="width: 46%; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Cash</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">136,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">349,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">17,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">22,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Prepaid expenses and other assets</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">33,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">57,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Total assets</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">186,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">428,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Liabilities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Accounts payable and accrued expenses</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,191,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">963,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Convertible debentures, net of discount</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">348,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">222,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Other current liabilities</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">5,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">25,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Total Liabilities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,544,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,210,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Stockholders&rsquo; deficit</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,358,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(782,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Total liabilities and stockholders&rsquo; deficit</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">186,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">428,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><A NAME="a11"></A><B>Item&nbsp;7. Management&rsquo;s Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following discussion
and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial
Statements and supplementary data referred to in Item&nbsp;7 of this Form 10-K.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This discussion contains
forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Such statements, which include statements concerning future revenue
sources and concentration, selling, general and administrative expenses, research and development expenses, capital resources,
additional financings and additional losses, are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those discussed
above in Item&nbsp;1 and elsewhere in this Form 10-K, particularly in &ldquo;Risk Factors,&rdquo; that could cause actual results
to differ materially from those projected. Unless otherwise expressly indicated, the information set forth in this Form&nbsp;10-K
is as of December&nbsp;31, 2016, and we undertake no duty to update this information.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Overview</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In the second quarter of
2014, we reached a major milestone in the Company&rsquo;s evolution, generating revenues from our AOT technology for the first
time since our inception in February 1998. We continue to devote the bulk of our efforts to the promotion, design, testing and
the commercial manufacturing and operations of our crude oil pipeline products in the upstream and midstream energy sector. We
anticipate that these efforts will continue during 2017.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our expenses to date have
been funded primarily through the sale of shares of common stock and convertible debt, as well as proceeds from the exercise of
stock purchase warrants and options. We raised capital in 2016 and will need to raise substantial additional capital in 2017, and
possibly beyond, to fund our sales and marketing efforts, continuing research and development, and certain other expenses, until
our revenue base grows sufficiently.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Results of Operation</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Revenue Comparison, 2016 and 2015</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company had no revenues
in the fiscal years ended 2016 and 2015.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Operating Expense Comparison, 2016 and 2015</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Operating expenses were
$2,103,000 for the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31, 2016, compared to $2,915,000 for the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31,
2015, a decrease of $812,000. This decrease was attributable to decreases in non-cash expenses of $244,000 and cash expenses of
$568,000. Specifically, the decrease in non-cash expenses is attributable to a decrease in stock based compensation related to
warrants and options issued to employees, directors and consultants of $271,000, and a decrease in depreciation of $5,000, offset
by an increase in expense incurred upon modification of terms to an existing warrant of $32,000 The decrease in cash expenses is
attributable to decreases in consulting fees of $26,000, corporate expenses of $27,000, insurance of $18,000, legal and accounting
of $97,000, rents and utilities of $20,000, salaries and benefits of $189,000, travel of $183,000, and other general and administrative
expenses of $8,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Research and development
expenses were $279,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $578,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31,
2015, a decrease of $299,000. This decrease is attributable to decreases in AOT and Joule Heat product prototype development costs
of $236,000 and general testing and development costs of $26,000, and licensing and research fees of $37,000. In the fourth quarter
of 2015, the Company suspended further development of the Joule Heat technology to concentrate its resources to the AOT product
development.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Other income was a net
expense of $1,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, compared to an income of $11,000 for the fiscal year ended December
31, 2015, a decrease of $12,000. In 2015, the Company recorded a gain from disposition of fixed assets of $12,000. In 2016, the
Company recorded a loss of $3,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Interest expenses were
$1,617,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, compared to $747,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, an increase
of $870,000. This increase is attributable to an increase in non-cash interest and financing expense of $870,000 to account the
fair value of the warrants issued with our convertible notes and the notes&rsquo; beneficial conversion feature.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We had a net loss of $4,000,000
or $0.02 loss per share for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 compared to a net loss of $4,229,000 or $0.02 loss per share
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Liquidity and Capital Resources</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>General</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have incurred negative
cash flow from operations since our inception in 1998. As of December&nbsp;31, 2016, we had cash of $136,000 and a stockholders&rsquo;
deficit of $1,358,000. Our operating cash flow in 2016 was funded primarily through cash reserves, the exercise of stock purchase
warrants for cash, and the issuance of convertible notes for cash.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The accompanying consolidated
financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement
of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements,
the Company had a net loss of $4,000,000 and used cash in operations of $1,626,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. These
factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial
statements are issued. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to raise additional funds and implement
our business plan. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable
to continue as a going concern.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Summary</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At December 31, 2016, the
Company had cash on hand in the amount of $136,000. Management estimates that the current funds on hand will be sufficient to continue
operations through April 2017. Management is currently seeking additional funds, primarily through the issuance of debt and equity
securities for cash to operate our business, including without limitation the expenses it will incur in connection with the license
agreements with Temple; costs associated with product development and commercialization of the AOT and Joule Heat technologies;
costs to manufacture and ship the products; costs to design and implement an effective system of internal controls and disclosure
controls and procedures; costs of maintaining our status as a public company by filing periodic reports with the SEC and costs
required to protect our intellectual property. In addition, as discussed below, the Company has substantial contractual commitments,
including without limitation salaries to our executive officer pursuant to an employment agreement, and certain payments to a former
officer, during the remainder of 2017 and beyond. No assurance can be given that any future financing will be available or, if
available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to the Company. Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing,
it may contain undue restrictions on our operations, in the case of debt financing or cause substantial dilution for our stock
holders, in case of equity financing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Contractual Obligations</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company&rsquo;s contractual
commitments for future periods, including office leases, minimum guaranteed compensation payments and other agreements as described
in the following table and associated footnotes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 72%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ending <BR>
December 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Office Lease (1)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">License Agreements (2)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Compensation Agreements (3)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Total Obligations</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: center">2017</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: right">4,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: right">536,300</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: right">727,800</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2018</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">598,400</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">785,900</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2019</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">149,600</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">373,100</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2020</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">2021</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">4,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">937,500</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,284,300</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2,225,800</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">___________________</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists of rent for the Company&rsquo;s Santa Barbara Hollister office expiring on May 31, 2017.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 19px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists of license&nbsp;maintenance fees to Temple University in the amount of $187,500 paid annually through the life of the underlying patents or until otherwise terminated by either party.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists of base salary and certain contractually-provided benefits, to i) an executive officer, pursuant to an employment agreement at a base annual salary of $290,000 through
March 31, 2017 and severance in the amount of $580,000 that will be paid through March 31, 2019 pursuant to a separation agreement
effective April 1, 2017; ii) an executive officer, pursuant to a two-year employment agreement effective April 1, 2017 at a base
annual salary of $150,000 per year under a two-year contract effective April 1, 2017; iii) an executive officer, pursuant to an
employment agreement at a base annual salary of $158,400 per year; and iv) and a severance agreement of a former officer in the
amount of $15,000. See Item 9B below for other information.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Licensing Fees to Temple University</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For details of the licensing
agreements with Temple University, see Financial Statements attached hereto, Note 6.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our discussion and analysis
of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared
in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these consolidated
financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets,
liabilities, expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate, on an on-going basis, our estimates
and judgments, including those related to the useful life of the assets. We base our estimates on historical experience and assumptions
that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying
values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The methods, estimates
and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results that we report
in our consolidated financial statements. The SEC considers an entity&rsquo;s most critical accounting policies to be those policies
that are both most important to the portrayal of a company&rsquo;s financial condition and results of operations and those that
require management&rsquo;s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about
matters that are inherently uncertain at the time of estimation. For a more detailed discussion of the accounting policies of the
Company, see Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, &ldquo;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies&rdquo;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe the following
critical accounting policies, among others, require significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated
financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Estimates</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The preparation of consolidated
financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the
consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Certain significant
estimates were made in connection with preparing our consolidated financial statements as described in Note 2 to Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Stock-Based Compensation</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company periodically
issues stock options and warrants to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for services and for financing
costs. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to employees based on the authoritative guidance
provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board whereas the value of the award is measured on the date of grant and recognized
over the vesting period. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to non-employees in accordance
with the authoritative guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board whereas the value of the stock compensation is based
upon the measurement date as determined at either a) the date at which a performance commitment is reached, or b) at the date at
which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete. Non-employee stock-based compensation charges generally
are amortized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. In certain circumstances where there are no future performance
requirements by the non-employee, option grants are immediately vested and the total stock-based compensation charge is recorded
in the period of the measurement date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The fair value of the Company's&nbsp;common
stock option grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model, which uses certain assumptions related to risk-free
interest rates, expected volatility, expected life of the common stock options, and future dividends. Compensation expense is recorded
based upon the value derived from the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model, and based on actual experience. The assumptions used
in the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model could materially affect compensation expense recorded in future periods.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Recent Accounting Pronouncements</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">See Note 2 of the financial
statements for discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><A NAME="a12"></A><B>Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures
About Market Risk</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We issue from time to time
fixed rate discounted convertible notes. Our convertible notes and our equity securities are exposed to risk as set forth above,
in Item 1A, &ldquo;Risk Factors.&rdquo; Please also see Item 7, above, &ldquo;Management&rsquo;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><A NAME="a13"></A><B>Item&nbsp;8. Financial Statements and Supplementary
Data</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our consolidated financial
statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented in a separate section of this report following
Item 15 and begin with the index on page F-1.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a14"></A>Item&nbsp;9. Changes in and Disagreements
with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">None.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a15"></A>Item&nbsp;9A. Controls and Procedures</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>1. Disclosure Controls and Procedures</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company's management,
with the participation of the Company's chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated, as of December 31, 2016,
the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures, which were designed to be effective at the reasonable assurance
level. The term &quot;disclosure controls and procedures,&quot; as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange
Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by
a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within
the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls
and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits
under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal
financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls
and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and
management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based
on the evaluation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2016, management, the chief executive
officer and the chief financial officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable
assurance level at that date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>2. Internal Control over Financial Reporting</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 19px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our management is responsible
for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. Internal control over financial
reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision
of, the company's principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the company's board of directors, management
and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial
statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures
that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pertain to the maintenance
of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Provide reasonable assurance
that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations
of management and directors of the company; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Provide reasonable assurance
regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company's assets that could have
a material effect on the financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">QS Energy, Inc.'s internal
control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company's management and Board regarding the preparation and
fair presentation of published financial statements. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations
which may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable
assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future
periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance
with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our management assessed
the effectiveness of QS Energy, Inc.'s internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. In making this assessment,
it used the criteria set forth in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of
the Treadway Commission (&quot;COSO&quot;) (2013 framework). Based on our assessment, we conclude that, as of December 31, 2016,
the Company has maintained effective internal control over financial reporting based on those criteria.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Annual Report on Form
10-K does not include an attestation report of the Company&rsquo;s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal
control over financial reporting. Management&rsquo;s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting
firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only management&rsquo;s report in this
Annual Report on Form 10-K.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 19px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No change in the Company's
internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during
the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2016 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's
internal control over financial reporting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a27"></A>Item 9B. Other Information</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On March 29, 2017,
at a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Company, the Board acknowledged the resignations of Gregg Bigger and Mark Stubbs
from the Board of the Company, effective April 1, 2017. Seeking to fill the vacant seats on the Board and after discussion, the
Board unanimously: a) appointed Jason Lane and Eric Bunting to sit on the Board of Directors of the Company; b) appointed Mr. Lane
to serve as Chairman of the Board of the Company; c) appointed Tom Bundros to serve as Chairman of the Audit Committee of the Board;
and d) determined that in connection with the resignations of Messrs. Bigger and Stubbs as directors of the Company, all unvested
options and warrants previously granted to them shall immediately vest as of April 1, 2017.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At the same meeting,
given that the Company and Mr. Bigger had agreed to a mutual termination of Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s employment agreement and employment
with the Company, the Company and Mr. Bigger have determined to enter into a separation agreement. The Board unanimously ratified
a separation agreement between Mr. Bigger and the Company, effective April 1, 2017. In addition, in connection with the termination
of Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s employment as CEO and CFO of the Company, effective April 1, 2017, and after discussion by the Board, the
Board determined to hire Mr. Lane as Chief Executive Officer of the Company and Mr. McMullen as Chief Financial Officer of the
Company. Accordingly, the Board unanimously resolved, effective April 1, 2017, a) that Mr. Lane was appointed Chief Executive Officer
of the Company; b) the employment agreement for Mr. Lane is ratified; c) Mr. McMullen was appointed Chief Financial Officer of
the Company; and d) the employment agreement for Mr. McMullen is ratified by the Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Mr. Lane&rsquo;s employment
agreement (&ldquo;Lane Employment Agreement&rdquo;) with the Company is effective April 1, 2017, pursuant to which he will serve
as the Company&rsquo;s Chief Executive Officer. The term (&ldquo;Term&rdquo;) of the Lane Employment Agreement is two years. Annual
base salary under the Lane Employment Agreement for the full Term is $150,000. The Company will also issue options (&ldquo;Options&rdquo;)
to Mr. Lane to purchase 3,000,000 shares of restricted common stock of the Company. The Options shall vest pursuant to a two year
vesting schedule, pursuant to which 500,000 of the Options, priced at $0.15 per share, and 500,000 of the Options priced at $0.25
per share, shall vest on April 1, 2018; thereafter, 1,000,000 of the Options, priced at $0.30 per share and 1,000,000 of the Options
priced at $0.40 per share shall vest on April 1, 2019. The Options shall expire 10 years from the date of grant of the Options.
Additionally, Mr. Lane will be entitled to a bonus for any leased-based contract for the Company&rsquo;s AOT technology sourced
by Mr. Lane in the amount of 8% of gross cash flow in the first year of the Term and 6% of gross cash flow in the second year of
the Term generated by any such leased-based contract sourced by Mr. Lane. For any sales or other non-leased contracts for the Company&rsquo;s
AOT technology sourced by Mr. Lane, Mr. Lane shall receive a one-time payment of 10% of the net profit of any such sale or contract.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Mr. McMullen&rsquo;s
employment agreement (&ldquo;McMullen Employment Agreement&rdquo;) with the Company is effective April 1, 2017, pursuant to which
he will serve as the Company&rsquo;s Chief Financial Officer. The term (&ldquo;Term&rdquo;) of the McMullen Employment Agreement
is two years. Annual base salary under the McMullen Employment Agreement for the full Term is $158,400. The Company will also issue
options (&ldquo;Options&rdquo;) to Mr. McMullen to purchase 250,000 shares of restricted shares of common stock of the Company
at a per share exercise price equal to the stock price listed on the OTCBB market at market close on April 3, 2017. The 125,000
of the Options shall vest on April 1, 2017, and 125,000 Options shall vest on April 1, 2018. The Options shall expire 10 years
from the date of grant of the Options.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s
separation agreement (&ldquo;Bigger Separation Agreement&rdquo;) with the Company is effective April 1, 2017, pursuant to which
his employment agreement with the Company is mutually terminated. Pursuant to the terms of Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s employment agreement,
as amended, Mr. Bigger shall receive a termination payment equivalent to two (2) years&rsquo; salary, totaling $580,000 (the &ldquo;Termination
Payment&rdquo;). The Termination Payment, as well as payment in lieu of accrued vacation and sick days, shall be paid in equal
monthly installments over a period of two years, beginning on April 1, 2017. Under the terms of the Bigger Separation Agreement,
Mr. Bigger and the Company also agree to a mutual release.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Copies of the aforementioned
Employment Agreements for Mr. Lane and Mr. McMullen, and the Separation Agreement for Mr. Bigger are attached hereto as Exhibits
10.122, 10.123, and 10.124, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Bios for Mr. Lane,
Dr. Bunting, and Mr. McMullen are as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Jason Lane, Chief
Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of the Company</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Jason Lane is a veteran
of the oil and gas industry with a 20-year track record of procuring and divesting of oil and gas leases, mineral and royalty interests
and production in the lower 48 States through his own partnerships and joint ventures. His most recent large transaction includes
lease divestitures to Halcon Resources (Woodbine) and Terrace Energy LLC (Woodbine). Previously, Mr. Lane sold Rocky Mountain prospects
to Bill Barrett Corp as well as multiple prospects to Chesapeake Energy across East Texas. Additionally, Mr. Lane has operated
and or participated in the drilling of wells in Texas, Louisiana, Montana, and Wyoming. He has been the lead on all of his partnerships
since 2002, with partners ranging from family offices to hedge funds.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During his career,
Mr. Lane has been directly involved in the leasing of over 650,000 prime acres for his partnerships. Also in the royalty field,
he has sold multiple royalty packages to NGP portfolio companies, Noble Royalties and other companies and funds. Mr. Lane has also
managed up to a 125 Landman operation which was responsible for title and lease acquisition work for several significant companies
throughout the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Eric Bunting, M.D.,
Director</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Eric Bunting, M.D.
is a board-certified Ear, Nose, and Throat physician, and he is an owner and partner in an independent specialty group. This group
has partnered with Wichita Surgical Specialist (&ldquo;WSS&rdquo;), which remains one of the country&rsquo;s largest surgical multispecialty
groups. Dr. Bunting has been on the board of directors of WSS for the last 10 years. Dr. Bunting graduated from Kansas University
School of Medicine and subsequently received specialty training at Kansas University Medical Center.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Dr. Bunting has many
diverse business and entrepreneurial interests. Dr. Bunting has an interest in early startup companies and franchising opportunities.
He is an owner and partner in approximately 40 fast-casual restaurant franchises in 10 states. He has board of director experience
in the health care industry with multiple ambulatory surgical centers and a radiation center. Dr. Bunting has been an integral
part of these boards through merger and acquisition periods. Other interests are in the wine and spirits industry where Dr. Bunting
has been involved in a successful spirit start-up, which is poised for an acquisition opportunity. Dr. Bunting has other ongoing
active business investments in the evolving internet artificial intelligence industry, as it relates to marketing and advertising.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Dr. Bunting has been
an investor in the Company, acquiring a significant number of shares over the last four years. During this period, he has been
and will remain an unbiased shareholder advocate looking forward to commercialization, deployment, and eventual profitability for
the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Michael McMullen,
Chief Financial Officer</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Mr. McMullen joined
QS Energy in July 2013 as Controller. In this role, Mr. McMullen designed and managed implementation of the Company&rsquo;s Sarbanes-Oxley
compliant internal controls and reporting procedures, and has been responsible for all financial operations and reporting. Mr.
McMullen has extensive managerial and oversight experience in the areas of corporate governance, capitalization, asset valuation
and risk assessment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Prior to joining QS
Energy, Mr. McMullen served in senior executive capacities across a variety of industries. As a management consultant and financial
advisor to mid-market healthcare and technology entities, he specialized in providing growth and transition management oversight
to companies serving hospitals and cancer centers. In his role as Director of Strategic Development at Leema Energy Resources he
managed acquisition, valuation and due diligence cycles for the purchase and resale of energy-related assets acquired from distressed
savings and loan institutions, resulting in sale-leaseback, leveraged buyout and resale transactions totaling $150 million. At
FloWind Corporation Mr. McMullen structured domestic power plant contracts, international joint venture agreements and equipment
sales contracts in excess of $200 million and was responsible for management of FloWind&rsquo;s $7 million research program, resulting
in the development of the company&rsquo;s next generation wind turbine technology. As CFO of SomethingNow, Inc. he was responsible
for all finance and operations activities related to growing this internet company from start-up to commercial operations, resulting
in the infusion of $20M in capital, establishing key strategic relationships and ultimately negotiating and closing the sale of
the company to a NASDAQ 100 company.</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a16"></A>PART
III</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a17"></A>Item&nbsp;10. Directors, Executive Officers
and Corporate Governance</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Composition of Board of Directors</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our bylaws provide that
the Board shall consist of between one and eight directors, as determined by the Board from time to time. The Board consisted of
six (6) members elected by the holders of the common stock at the Company&rsquo;s Meeting of Shareholders on June 19, 2015. Our
directors are elected by our stockholders at each annual meeting of stockholders and will serve until their successors are elected
and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal. Officers are appointed by our Board of Directors and their terms
of office are, except to the extent governed by an employment contract, at the discretion of our Board of Directors. There are
no family relationships among any of our current directors or our executive officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following constitutes
the Board of Directors as of December 31, 2016:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 24%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 5%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Age</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 57%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Position</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 11%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director Since</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Greggory Bigger</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">48</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chairman, Director&nbsp;(Non-Independent)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2013</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Charles R. Blum (1) (2) (3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">77</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director&nbsp;(Non-Independent)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2007</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Donald Dickson(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">59</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director (Independent)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2013</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nathan Shelton (1) (2) (3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">66</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director (Independent)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2007</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mark Stubbs (1)(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director (Independent)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2013</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Thomas Bundros(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">60</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director (Independent)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2015</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 20pt; text-align: justify">(1) Member of the Audit
Committee</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 20pt; text-align: justify">(2) Member of the Compensation
Committee</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 20pt; text-align: justify">(3) Member of the Nominating
and Corporate Governance Committee</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Biographical Information Regarding Directors</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Greggory Bigger, President,
CEO and CFO </B>(Non-Independent Director) was appointed to the Board of Directors on September 16, 2013. Gregg Bigger was most
recently Founding Partner of Rocfin Advisors, a Strategic Management Consulting Company providing advice and direction to a variety
of clients including companies in the energy, clean tech, and emerging technology markets. Prior, Mr. Bigger was Founder and Board
Member of The Bank of Santa Barbara. Earlier in his career Mr. Bigger held a variety of key management and leadership positions
including U.S. Trust as a Vice-President in the Private Client Group, and First Republic Bank as a Vice President and Manager in
the Private Banking Group. Mr. Bigger also served in the United States Marine Corps' Special Operations in Amphibious Warfare and
Cliff Assault.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Charles R.
Blum</B> (Non-Independent Director) was appointed on July 25, 2007 to the Board of directors and engaged as the President and
Chief Executive Officer of the Company. In January 2010, Mr. Blum resigned as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and
thereafter resigned as President of the Company. Mr. Blum spent 22 years as the President/CEO of the Specialty Equipment
Market Association (SEMA). SEMA is a trade group representing 6500 business members who are actively engaged in the
manufacture and distribution of automotive parts and accessories. SEMA produces the world&rsquo;s largest automotive
aftermarket Trade Show which is held annually in Las Vegas, Nevada. Mr. Blum led the association as its members grew from a
handful of small entrepreneurial companies into an industry membership that sells over 31 billion dollars of product at the
retail level annually. Mr. Blum has a proven record of accomplishment as a senior executive and brings a broad knowledge of
the automotive aftermarket to the Company. Mr. Blum attended Rutgers University.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Nathan Shelton</B> (Independent
Director) has served as a director since February 12, 2007. Mr. Shelton has a long and distinguished career with a number of diverse
successful companies primarily related to the automotive industry, holding prominent positions.  In 1987 he joined K&amp;N
Engineering as President and part owner and built the company into an industry leader.  In 2002 he sold his interest
in K&amp;N Engineering and founded S&amp;S Marketing, which is engaged in the automotive aftermarket parts rep business, which
he currently operates. Mr. Shelton is the recipient of numerous industry related prestigious awards, and in 1992, Specialty Equipment
Market Association (SEMA) invited him to join its board of directors, which includes serving in capacity as its Chairman from 2002
to 2004.  In 2007 he was elected to the SEMA &ldquo;Hall of Fame&rdquo;.  Mr. Shelton served honorably in the
United States Seabees from 1968 to 1972.  He attended Chaffey Junior College.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Mark Stubbs</B> (Independent
Director) was appointed to the Board of Directors and Chairman of the Audit Committee on July 3, 2013. Mr. Stubbs currently serves
as Chief Financial Officer for London Stock Exchange listed BBA Aviation's Aftermarket Services Division, a leading global aviation
services and aftermarket support provider. Prior to joining BBA in 2012, Mr. Stubbs served as Chief Financial Officer and Interim
Chief Executive Officer for CallWave, Inc., which was then a NASDAQ-listed company and a global provider of enhanced telecommunications
software and services. From 2005 to 2006, Mr. Stubbs was Chief Financial Officer of Sound ID, a privately held consumer electronics
company. Prior to Sound ID, Mr. Stubbs held a number of executive positions including Vice President Global Supply Chain and Vice
President and Managing Director EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa) at Somera, Inc., which at the time was a NASDAQ-listed company
and a leading global provider of telecommunications infrastructure and services. Previously, Mr. Stubbs held a number of financial
management positions at Kinko's Inc., which has since been acquired by NYSE-listed FedEx. Mr. Stubbs earned a BA in Finance and
MBA from Cal Poly San Luis Obispo and is a Certified Public Account (CPA).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Don Dickson </B>(Independent
Director), appointed to Board of Directors on August 6, 2013, and currently is employed with Kinder Morgan, Inc. working on the
Northeast Energy Direct Project, after finishing the Cortez Expansion project as project manager / engineering principal / construction
support. The NED project will serve the Northeast United States delivering natural gas to the region, while the Cortez expansion
project will increase the volume of CO2 being shipped from Southwest Colorado to West Texas for oil recovery. Prior to rejoining
Kinder Morgan Mr. Dickson served as Chief Executive Officer for Advanced Pipeline Services (APS). APS was established for the purpose
of providing a full range of services to the oil and gas industry. Core business areas are in new construction of pipeline and
facilities, horizontal directional drilling and pipeline integrity/rehabilitation. Prior to APS, Mr. Dickson worked for Kinder
Morgan in their natural gas operations, retiring after twenty-six years. During his time at Kinder Morgan served in different engineering
capacities including as Director of Operations on two major pipeline projects, the 42&rdquo; (REX) Rockies Mountain Express through
the state of Illinois, and the 42&rdquo; (MEP) Midcontinent Express Pipeline through the state of Louisiana. He also was Director
of Operations with Tetra Resources completing various onshore and offshore oil and gas wells and a Senior Engineer with Halliburton
Services. Mr. Dickson earned his B.S. in Engineering from Oklahoma State University.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Thomas Bundros </B>(Independent
Director), was appointed to the Board of Directors effective January 5, 2015. Mr. Bundros served as Chief Financial Officer at
Colonial Pipeline Company from July 2009 to September 2012, the world's largest pipeline operator transporting 100 million gallons
of refined petroleum products daily across 5,500 miles of pipeline. Mr. Bundros currently holds the post of Chief Executive Officer
of Dalton Utilities (January 2016 to present), a provider of electricity, natural gas, water and telecommunications services to
the city of Dalton and portions of northwest Georgia. Prior to his appointment as Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Bundros had served
as Dalton Utilities&rsquo; Chief Operations Officer for Dalton Utilities since October 2012. Mr. Bundros was Chief Financial Officer
of Dalton Utilities from January 1997 to June 2009. Prior to Dalton Utilities, Mr. Bundros also held various financial positions
in the Atlanta and New York offices of the Southern Company System, the 16th largest utility company in the world and the fourth
largest in the U.S. with over 4 million customers in Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and Mississippi. He earned his Master of Business
Administration in Finance and Bachelor of Science in Economics and Business Administration at the University of North Carolina
at Greensboro.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Director Compensation Policy</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Effective January
1, 2014, the Board passed a resolution suspending the July 1, 2013 Board compensation policy. Effective May 6, 2014, the Board
approved a compensation policy which includes two annual grants of options, including i) an option to purchase a number of shares
of common stock equal to $25,000 divided by the per share closing price on the date of grant with an exercise price equal to the
stock closing price on the date of grant, a one year vesting period and an expiration date 10 years from the date of grant; and
ii) an option to purchase a number of shares of common stock equal to $25,000 divided by the per share fair market value of the
option calculated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model based on market conditions, including stock closing price, risk
free interest rate and stock volatility, on the date of grant with an exercise price equal to the stock closing price on the date
of grant, vesting immediately and an expiration date 10 years from the date of grant. Also, effective July 1, 2013, the Board
approved an annual grant of options to purchase 25,000 shares of common stock at a price equal to the stock&rsquo;s closing price
on the date of grant, vesting immediately and expiring 10 years from the date of grant as compensation to the chairman of the
Board&rsquo;s Audit Committee. Effective January 1, 2015, the Board amended the policy such that there is only one annual grant
as follows: i) all options granted would vest over one year; and ii) options granted mid-year due to appointment to the Board
or appointment to Chairman of the Audit Committee would be adjusted such that the number of shares would be calculated on a pro
rata basis depending on the number of day remaining in the calendar year, and the options would vest December 31 of the year of
grant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Executive Officers</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table sets
forth certain information regarding our executive officers as of December 31, 2016:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 80%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 25%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-indent: 0.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-indent: 0.05pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 12%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Age</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-indent: 0.05pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 39%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-indent: 0.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Position</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Greggory M. Bigger</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0.05pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; text-indent: 0.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">48</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0.05pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and President</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For the biography of Greggory
Bigger, please see above under &ldquo;Biographical Information Regarding Directors.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>CORPORATE GOVERNANCE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We maintain a corporate
governance page on our corporate website at <U>www.qsenergy.com</U>, which includes information regarding the Company&rsquo;s corporate
governance practices. Our codes of business conduct and ethics, Board committee charters and certain other corporate governance
documents and policies are posted on our website. In addition, we will provide a copy of any of these documents without charge
to any stockholder upon written request made to Corporate Secretary, QS Energy, Inc., 5266 Hollister Avenue, Suite 219, Santa Barbara,
CA 93111. The information on our website is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part of this form 10-K or incorporated by reference
into this or any other filing we make with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Board of Directors</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Director Independence</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Board of Directors
as of December 31, 2016, consisted of six (6) members. As of that date, the Board has affirmatively determined that Mr. Dickson,
Mr. Shelton, Mr. Stubbs and Mr. Bundros are independent directors. Mr. Bigger, our President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chief
Financial Officer and Mr. Blum, former Chief Executive Officer, are not considered independent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Effective January 5, 2015,
Thomas A. Bundros was elected to the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors. As of that date, the Board has affirmatively determined
that Mr. Bundros is an independent director.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Meetings of the Board</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board held four (4)
meetings in 2016. A majority of the members attended all 4 board meetings held in 2016. The Board has held five (5) meetings in
2017 as of the date of this report.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Communications with the Board</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following procedures
have been established by the Board in order to facilitate communications between our stockholders and the Board:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 40pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Stockholders may send
correspondence, which should indicate that the sender is a stockholder, to the Board or to any individual director, by mail to
Corporate Secretary, QS Energy, Inc. 5266 Hollister Avenue, Suite 219, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 or by e-mail to info@qsenergy.com.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 40pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Secretary will be
responsible for the first review and logging of this correspondence and will forward the communication to the director or directors
to whom it is addressed unless it is a type of correspondence which the Board has identified as correspondence which may be retained
in our files and not sent to directors. The Board has authorized the Secretary to retain and not send to directors communications
that: (a) are advertising or promotional in nature (offering goods or services), (b) solely relate to complaints by customers with
respect to ordinary course of business customer service and satisfaction issues or (c) clearly are unrelated to our business, industry,
management or Board or committee matters. These types of communications will be logged and filed but not circulated to directors.
Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, the Secretary will not screen communications sent to directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 40pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The log of stockholder
correspondence will be available to members of the Board for inspection. At least once each year, the Secretary will provide to
the Board a summary of the communications received from stockholders, including the communications not sent to directors in accordance
with the procedures set forth above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our shareholders may
also communicate directly with the non-management directors, individually or as a group, by mail c/o Corporate Secretary, QS
Energy, Inc., 5266 Hollister Avenue, Suite 219, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 or by e-mail to <U>info@qsenergy.com.</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Audit Committee has
established procedures, as outlined in the Company&rsquo;s policy for <B>&ldquo;</B>Procedures for Accounting and Auditing Matters<B>&rdquo;,&nbsp;</B>for
the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding questionable accounting, internal controls, and financial improprieties
or auditing matters. Any of the Company&rsquo;s employees may confidentially communicate concerns about any of these matters by
calling our toll-free number, +1 (844) OIL-QSEP, (+1 (844)&nbsp;645-7737). Upon receipt of a complaint or concern, a determination
will be made whether it pertains to accounting, internal controls or auditing matters and if it does, it will be handled in accordance
with the procedures established by the Audit Committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Committees of the Board</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board has a standing
Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Each of these committees operates under
a written charter. Copies of these charters, and other corporate governance documents, are available on our website, <U>www.qsenergy.com</U>
In addition, we will provide a copy of any of these documents without charge to any stockholder upon written request made to Corporate
Secretary, QS Energy Inc., 5266 Hollister Avenue, Suite 219, Santa Barbara, CA 93111.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The composition, functions
and general responsibilities of each committee are summarized below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Audit Committee</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Audit Committee currently
consists of Mr.&nbsp;Stubbs (chairperson), Mr. Blum, Mr. Shelton and Mr. Bundros. The Board has determined that Mr. Stubbs, Mr.&nbsp;Shelton
and Mr. Bundros are considered independent under rules of the SEC. The Audit Committee held a total of four (4) meetings during
2016, each attended by a majority of Audit Committee members. The Audit Committee has met once during 2017 as of the date of this
report.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Audit Committee operates
under a written charter. The Audit Committee&rsquo;s duties include responsibility for reviewing our accounting practices and audit
procedures. In addition, the Audit Committee has responsibility for reviewing complaints about, and investigating allegations of,
financial impropriety or misconduct. The Audit Committee works closely with management and our independent auditors. The Audit
Committee also meets with our independent auditors on a quarterly basis, following completion of their quarterly reviews and annual
audit, to review the results of their work. The Audit Committee also meets with our independent auditors to approve the annual
scope of the audit services to be performed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As part of its responsibility,
the Audit Committee is responsible for engaging our independent auditor, as well as pre-approving audit and non-audit services
performed by our independent auditor in order to assure that the provision of such services does not impair the independent auditor&rsquo;s
independence.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">See &ldquo;Audit Committee
Report&rdquo; below, which provides further details of many of the duties and responsibilities of the Audit Committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Compensation Committee</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Compensation Committee
consists of Mr.&nbsp;Blum (chairperson), Mr. Stubbs, Mr. Shelton and Mr. Dickson. The Board has determined that Mr. Stubbs, Mr.
Shelton and Mr. Dickson are independent. The Compensation Committee held no meetings during 2015 and has not met during 2016 as
of the date of this report.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Compensation Committee
administers the Company&rsquo;s executive compensation program. The Compensation Committee has the authority to review and determine
the salaries and bonuses of the executive officers of the Company, including the Chief Executive Officer and the other executive
officers named in the Summary Compensation Table (the &ldquo;Named Executive Officers&rdquo;) appearing elsewhere in this 10-K,
and to establish the general compensation policies for such individuals.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Compensation Committee
operates under a written charter. The charter reflects these various responsibilities, and the Committee is charged with periodically
reviewing the charter. In addition, the Committee has the authority to engage the services of outside advisors, experts and others,
including independent compensation consultants who do not advise the Company, to assist the Committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">See &ldquo;Compensation
Committee Report&rdquo; below, which provides further details of many of the duties and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Nominating and Governance Committee</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee consists of Mr.&nbsp;Shelton (chairperson) and Mr. Blum. The Board believes that Mr.&nbsp;Shelton meets independent
requirements under rules of the SEC. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee held no meetings during 2016 and has not
met during 2017 as of the date of this report.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee operates under a written charter. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee has the primary responsibility
for overseeing the Company&rsquo;s corporate governance compliance practices, as well as supervising the affairs of the Company
as they relate to the nomination of directors. The principal ongoing functions of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
include developing criteria for selecting new directors, establishing and monitoring procedures for the receipt and consideration
of director nominations by stockholders and others, considering and examining director candidates, developing and recommending
corporate governance principles for the Company and monitoring the Company&rsquo;s compliance with these principles and establishing
and monitoring procedures for the receipt of stockholder communications directed to the Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee is also responsible for conducting an annual evaluation of the Board to determine whether the Board and its
committees are functioning effectively. In performing this evaluation, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee receives
comments from all directors and reports annually to the Board with the results of this evaluation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">See &ldquo;Nominating and
Governance Committee Report&rdquo; below, which provides further details of many of the duties and responsibilities of the Nominating
and Governance Committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Audit Committee is
currently composed of four (4) directors, Mr. Stubbs (Chairperson), Mr. Charles R. Blum, Mr. Bundros and Mr. Shelton. The Board
has determined that Mr. Stubbs, Mr. Bundros and Mr. Shelton are considered independent within the rules of the SEC. The duties
and responsibilities of a member of the Audit Committee are in addition to his duties as a member of the Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Audit Committee operates
under a written charter, which is available on the Company&rsquo;s website. The Board and the Audit Committee believe that the
Audit Committee charter complies with the current standards set forth in SEC regulations. There may be further action by the SEC
during the current year on several matters that affect all audit committees. The Board and the Audit Committee continue to follow
closely further developments by the SEC in the area of the functions of audit committees, particularly as it relates to internal
controls for non-accelerated filers, and will make additional changes to the Audit Committee charter and the policies of the Audit
Committee as required or advisable as a result of these new rules and regulations. The Audit Committee met four (4) times during
2016 and each was attended by a majority of committee members. The Audit Committee has met once during 2017 as of the date of this
report.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Audit Committee&rsquo;s
primary duties and responsibilities are to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">engage the Company&rsquo;s independent auditor;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">monitor the independent auditor&rsquo;s independence, qualifications and performance;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">pre-approve all audit and non-audit services;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Management is responsible
for the Company&rsquo;s internal controls and the financial reporting process. The Company&rsquo;s independent auditor is responsible
for performing an independent audit of the Company&rsquo;s financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board and issuing a report thereon. The Audit Committee&rsquo;s responsibility is to monitor and oversee
these processes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In February 2012, the Company
began the process of designing and implementing various financial controls from within our finance department under the supervision
of the Company&rsquo;s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Furthermore, the Company also hired an outside consultant
to further enhance these internal controls, policies and procedures. On March 19, 2013, the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors
approved and began the implementation of these internal controls, policies and procedures. In June 2013, the Company began the
process of designing and implementing additional internal controls based on a continuous process of assessment and improvement
under which board and management financial reporting objectives were defined and implemented, policies and procedures were tested
for effectiveness and deficiencies were identified and remediated. On December 16, 2013, the Board of Directors approved a revised
Internal Controls Policy based on policy refinements and improvements implemented under this assessment process. Additional controls
and policies designed and implemented in second and third quarters of 2013 have been tested and identified deficiencies have been
remediated. The Internal Controls Policy and Sarbanes-Oxley 302 matrix approved by the Board of Directors on March 19, 2013, as
revised and approved by the board on December 16, 2013, have been implemented and are functioning as planned.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our management evaluated,
with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls
and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive
Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules&nbsp;13a-15(e)
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;)&nbsp;were effective as of September 30, 2013 and continue
to be effective as of the date of this report.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Chief Executive Officer,
Chief Financial Officer and Controller conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting
as of December 31, 2016 based on the framework in Internal Control &ndash; Integrated Framework (&ldquo;2013 Framework&rdquo;)
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (&ldquo;COSO&rdquo;). Based on this
evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting
(as defined in Rules&nbsp;13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;)&nbsp;were effective
as of December 31, 2016.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">With respect to the Company&rsquo;s
independent auditors, the Audit Committee, among other things, discussed with Weinberg&nbsp;&amp; Co., P.A., matters relating to
its independence, including the written disclosures made to the Audit Committee as required by the Independence Standards Board
Standard No.&nbsp;1 (Independence Discussions with Audit Committees). The Audit Committee also reviewed and approved the audit
and non-audit fees of that firm.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On the basis of these reviews
and discussions, the Audit Committee (i)&nbsp;appointed Weinberg&nbsp;&amp; Co., P.A. as the independent registered public accounting
firm for the 2016 fiscal year and (ii)&nbsp;recommended to the Board that the Board approve the inclusion of the Company&rsquo;s
audited financial statements in the&nbsp;10-K for filing with the SEC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Respectfully submitted:</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mark Stubbs&nbsp;(Chairman)</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Compensation Committee
has furnished this report on executive compensation for the 2016 fiscal year.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Compensation Committee
administers the Company&rsquo;s executive compensation program. The Compensation Committee has the authority to review and determine
the salaries and bonuses of the executive officers of the Company, including the Chief Executive Officer and the other executive
officers named in the Summary Compensation Table (the &ldquo;Named Executive Officers&rdquo;) appearing elsewhere in this 10-K,
and to establish the general compensation policies for such individuals.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Compensation Committee
currently consists of Mr.&nbsp;Blum (chairperson), Mr. Stubbs, Mr. Dickson and Mr. Shelton. The Board believes that Messrs. Stubbs,
Dickson and Shelton are independent. None of our executive officers served on the compensation committee of another entity or on
any other committee of the board of directors of another entity performing similar functions during 2016. The Compensation Committee
held no meetings during 2016 and has not met during 2016 as of the date of this report.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Compensation Committee
operates under a written charter. The charter reflects these various responsibilities, and the Committee is charged with periodically
reviewing the charter. In addition, the Committee has the authority to engage the services of outside advisors, experts and others,
including independent compensation consultants who do not advise the Company, to assist the Committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Compensation Committee
believes that the compensation programs for the Company&rsquo;s executive officers should reflect the Company&rsquo;s performance
and the value created for the Company&rsquo;s stockholders. In addition, the compensation programs should support the short-term
and long-term strategic goals and values of the Company, reward individual contribution to the Company&rsquo;s success and align
the interests of the Company&rsquo;s officers with the interests of its stockholders. The committee believes that the Company&rsquo;s
success depends upon its ability to attract and retain qualified executives through the competitive compensation packages it offers
to such individuals.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The principal factors that
were taken into account in establishing each executive officer&rsquo;s compensation package for the 2016 fiscal year are described
below. However, the Compensation Committee may in its discretion apply entirely different factors, such as different measures of
financial performance, for future fiscal years. Moreover, all of the Company&rsquo;s Named Executive Officers have entered into
employment agreements with the Company and many components of each such person&rsquo;s compensation are set by such agreements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Equity-Based Compensation.
The Committee believes in linking long-term incentives to an increase in stock value. Accordingly, it awards stock options with
an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock on the date of grant that vest and become exercisable
over time. The Committee believes that these options encourage employees to continue to use their best efforts and to remain in
the Company&rsquo;s employment. Options granted to executive officers generally vest and become exercisable in annual 25% increments
over a four-year period after grant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Committee relies substantially
on management of the Company to make specific recommendations regarding which individuals should receive option grants and the
amounts of such grants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company grants stock
options to executive officers with a cumulative option price of up to $100,000 as incentive stock options and the remainder as
non-qualified stock options, both with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the Company&rsquo;s common stock on
the date of grant. Accordingly, those stock options will have value only if the market price of the Company&rsquo;s common stock
increases after that date. In determining the size of stock option grants to executive officers, the Committee bases its decisions
on such considerations as similar awards to individuals holding comparable positions in our comparative groups, company performance
and individual performance, as well as the allocation of overall share usage attributed to executive officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Compliance with Code Section&nbsp;162(m).
Section&nbsp;162(m) of the Code disallows a tax deduction to publicly-held companies for compensation paid to certain of their
executive officers, to the extent that compensation exceeds $1&nbsp;million per covered officer in any fiscal year. The limitation
applies only to compensation which is not considered to be performance based. Non-performance based compensation paid to the Company&rsquo;s
executive officers for the 2016 fiscal year did not exceed the $1&nbsp;million limit per officer, and the Compensation Committee
does not anticipate that the non-performance based compensation to be paid to the Company&rsquo;s executive officers for the 2017
fiscal year will exceed that limit. Because it is unlikely that the cash compensation payable to any of the Company&rsquo;s executive
officers in the foreseeable future will approach the $1&nbsp;million limit, the Compensation Committee has decided at this time
not to take any action to limit or restructure the elements of cash compensation payable to the Company&rsquo;s executive officers.
The Compensation Committee will reconsider this decision should the individual cash non-performance based compensation of any executive
officer ever approach the $1&nbsp;million level.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board did not modify
any action or recommendation made by the Compensation Committee with respect to executive compensation for the 2016 fiscal year.
It is the opinion of the Compensation Committee that the executive compensation policies and plans provide the necessary total
remuneration program to properly align the Company&rsquo;s performance and the interests of the Company&rsquo;s stockholders through
the use of competitive and equitable executive compensation in a balanced and reasonable manner, for both the short and long term.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Respectfully submitted by:</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Charles Blum, Chairman</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>NOMINATING AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE
REPORT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee currently consists of Mr.&nbsp;Shelton (chairperson) and Mr. Blum. The Board believes that Mr.&nbsp;Shelton
meet independent requirements under rules of the SEC.  The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee held no meetings
during 2016 and has not met during 2017 as of the date of this report.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee operates under a written charter. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee has the primary responsibility
for overseeing the Company&rsquo;s corporate governance compliance practices, as well as supervising the affairs of the Company
as they relate to the nomination of directors. The principal ongoing functions of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
include developing criteria for selecting new directors, establishing and monitoring procedures for the receipt and consideration
of director nominations by stockholders and others, considering and examining director candidates, developing and recommending
corporate governance principles for the Company and monitoring the Company&rsquo;s compliance with these principles and establishing
and monitoring procedures for the receipt of stockholder communications directed to the Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee is also responsible for conducting an annual evaluation of the Board to determine whether the Board and its
committees are functioning effectively. In performing this evaluation, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee receives
comments from all directors and reports annually to the Board with the results of this evaluation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Director Nominations</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee seeks out appropriate candidates to serve as directors of the Company, and the Nominating and Corporate Governance
Committee interviews and examines director candidates and makes recommendations to the Board regarding candidate selection. In
considering candidates to serve as director, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee evaluates various minimum individual
qualifications, including strength of character, maturity of judgment, relevant technical skills or financial acumen, diversity
of viewpoint and industry knowledge, as well as the extent to which the candidate would fill a present need on the Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee will consider, without commitment, stockholder nominations for director. Nominations for director submitted
to this committee by stockholders are evaluated according to the Company&rsquo;s overall needs and the nominee&rsquo;s knowledge,
experience and background. A nominating stockholder must give appropriate notice to the Company of the nomination not less than
90&nbsp;days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year&rsquo;s annual meeting. In the event that the date of the annual
meeting is advanced by more than 30&nbsp;days or delayed by more than 60&nbsp;days from the anniversary date of the preceding year&rsquo;s
annual meeting, the notice by the stockholder must be delivered not later than the close of business on the later of the 60th day
prior to such annual meeting or the tenth day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such annual meeting
is first made.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The stockholders&rsquo;
notice shall set forth, as to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the name, age, business address and residence address of such person,</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the principal occupation or employment of the person,</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the class and number of shares of the Company which are beneficially owned by such person, if any, and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any other information relating to such person which is required to be disclosed in solicitations for proxies for election of directors pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act and the rules hereunder; and the stockholder giving the notice</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the name and record address of the stockholder and the class and number of shares of the Company which are beneficially owned by the stockholder,</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and each proposed nominee and any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to which nomination(s) are to be made by such stockholder,</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the persons named in its notice,</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 72px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any other information relating to such person which is required to be disclosed in solicitations for proxies for election of directors pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The notice must be accompanied
by a written consent of the proposed nominee to be named as a director.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have adopted codes of
business conduct and ethics for our directors, officers and employees, which we believe meet requirements of a code of ethics.
You can access the Company&rsquo;s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and our Code of Ethics for Senior Executives and Financial
Officers on the Corporate Governance page of the Company&rsquo;s website at <U>www.qsenergy.com</U>. Any shareholder who so requests
may obtain a printed copy of the Code of Conduct by submitting a request to the Company&rsquo;s Corporate Secretary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Respectfully submitted by:</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nathan Shelton, Chairman</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a28"></A>Item&nbsp;11. Executive Compensation</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table sets
forth certain information regarding the compensation earned during the last three fiscal years by the Named Executive Officers:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Summary Compensation Table</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="26" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Long-Term Compensation Awards</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name and Principal Position</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Fiscal</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Year</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Annual</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Compensation</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Salary ($)</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Stock</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Awards</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">($)</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Securities<BR>
 Underlying</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Options</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">(#)</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Full Value</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">of Options</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">($)</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">All Other</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Compensation</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">($)</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Total</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">($)</P></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Greggory Bigger (1) (2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">290,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">290,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">President,</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2015</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">290,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">290,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer and</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">_________________</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On February 1, 2012, Mr. Bigger was appointed Chief Financial Officer. In 2012, Mr. Bigger received options for 4,000,000 exercisable at $0.25 per share, vesting over four years. Of the 4,000,000 options, 500,000 vested on February 1, 2012, 500,000 vested on February 1 2013, 1,000,000 vested on February 1, 2014, 1,000,000 vested on February 1, 2015, and 1,000,000 vested on February 1, 2016. On March 10, 2016, the Board of Directors agreed to amend Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s employment contract, effective March 10, 2016, such that the contract will terminate on March 8, 2019, the business day immediately preceding the third anniversary of the effective date of the amendment. Prior to this amendment, Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s contract was scheduled to terminate on January 31, 2017, subject to automatic one-year extensions of the contract. A copy of this contract amendment was attached to our Form 10-K filed March 16, 2016 as Exhibit 10.120.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr. Bigger also received stock options as a member of the Board of Directors of the Company. See section below labeled, &ldquo;Director Compensation&rdquo;.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>OPTION GRANTS IN LAST FISCAL YEAR</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No options were granted
to Named Executive Officers during the 2016 fiscal year as executive compensation; however, options were granted to Greggory Bigger
under the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors compensation policy as detailed in the Director Compensation section below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>AGGREGATED OPTION EXERCISES IN LAST FISCAL
YEAR AND YEAR-END OPTION VALUES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No options were exercised
by any of the Named Executive Officers during the 2016 fiscal year. The following table sets forth the number of shares of our
common stock subject to exercisable and unexercisable stock options which the Named Executive Officers held at the end of the 2016
fiscal year.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Shares</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Value</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Number of Securities</B></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Underlying Unexercised</B></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Options at</B></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Fiscal Year-End (#)</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Value of Unexercised</B></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>In-the-Money Options ($)(1)</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Acquired on</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Realized</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Name</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exercise (#)</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>($)</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exercisable</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Unexercisable</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exercisable</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Unexercisable</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 28%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Greggory Bigger</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,462,592</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,462,592</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(1) Market value of our
common stock at fiscal year-end minus the exercise price. The closing price of our common stock on December&nbsp;31, 2016 the last
trading day of the year was $0.05&nbsp;per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Employment Agreement with Greggory M. Bigger</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On February 1, 2012,
the Company entered into an employment agreement with Greggory M. Bigger, pursuant to which he agreed to serve as the
Company&rsquo;s Chief Financial Officer. The initial term of the agreement commenced February 1, 2012, and continues for one
(1) year. Thereafter, the agreement is renewable for successive one (1) year periods, unless either party gives written
notice of non-renewal, no later than sixty (60) days prior to the renewal date. The agreement provides for the
payment of a one-time acceptance bonus of $10,000. Base salary under the agreement is $10,000 per month, plus an automobile
allowance of $900 per month and other benefits generally available to senior employees of the Company. In addition, the
Company also granted Mr. Bigger an option to purchase 4,000,000 shares of common stock at $0.25/share (See Note 10 of the
Company&rsquo;s Financial Statement). The options were granted on February 1, 2012 and will expire ten years from date of
grant. The options vest subject to Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s continued employment over a period of four years, with 500,000 shares
vesting immediately upon grant, 500,000 shares vesting on February 1, 2013, and three tranches of 1,000,000 shares each
vesting on February 1, 2014, 2015 and 2016. On April 30, 2012, the Company raised Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s salary to $15,000 per
month for his extraordinary leadership and loyalty. On September 1, 2012, his salary was increased to $20,000 per month for
accepting the position of President of the Company in addition to being the Chief Financial Officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Amendment #1 to Bigger Employment Agreement</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Effective September 1,
2013, Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s Employment Agreement, in recognition of his additional responsibilities as President of the Company, was
amended, as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i) Annual Base Salary
for Mr. Bigger was increased to $290,000. Mr. Bigger is also eligible to receive an annual cash bonus, within the discretion of
the Company&rsquo;s Board. In exercising its discretion, the Board shall consider, among other things, the Company&rsquo;s: (a)&nbsp;revenue;
(b)&nbsp;earnings; (c)&nbsp;contracts; (d) cash position; (e) liquidity; (f)&nbsp;customers; (g) NASDAQ or other exchange listings;
(h) market capitalization; (i) general financial condition; and (j) achievement of goals set forth in management&rsquo;s yearly
budgets, plans and projections. Any award of bonus shall be paid no later than forty-five (45) days following the filing of the
Company&rsquo;s Form 10-K.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii) Additionally, in the
event any person, including all affiliates of such person, directly or indirectly, becomes the beneficial owner of 50% or more
of the combined voting power of the Company&rsquo;s outstanding shares, and otherwise on a Change of Control event as defined in
Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s Employment Agreement, Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s Employment Agreement and all amendments thereto shall be terminated
whereupon Mr. Bigger shall be paid an amount equal to two (2) times his annual Base Salary as in effect on the date of the Change
of Control event, and all of Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s unvested stock options and warrants shall immediately vest effective on the date
of the Change of Control event.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii) Additionally, if
Mr. Bigger is terminated by the Company without cause or if he resigns for &ldquo;good reason,&rdquo; he shall be paid an amount
equal to three (3) times his annual Base Salary as in effect on the date of the termination, payable, at the discretion of the
Company, in one lump sum or in equal monthly installments during a term not to exceed thirty-six (36) months, less applicable withholding
taxes. Additionally, all of Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s unvested options and warrants shall vest to the same extent as he would have become
vested if he had remained employed by the Company for an additional three (3) years. &ldquo;Good Reason&rdquo; shall be defined
to mean any reduction in Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s then current annual Base Salary of ten percent (10%) or more, or relocation of the
Company&rsquo;s principal executive office to a location more than twenty-five (25) miles outside of Santa Barbara, California,
or a substantial change in Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s then current duties and responsibilities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iv) Additionally, in the
event of Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s termination for Cause, Mr. Bigger shall be entitled to receive only his Base Salary accrued through
the date of such termination, and nothing more, and all of Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s unvested options and warrants shall be canceled.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Amendment #2 to Bigger
Employment Agreement</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On March 10, 2016,
the Board of Directors agreed to amend Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s employment contract, effective March 10, 2016, such that the contract
will terminate on March 8, 2019, the business day immediately preceding the third anniversary of the effective date of the amendment.
Prior to this amendment, Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s contract was scheduled to terminate on January 31, 2017, subject to automatic one-year
extensions of the contract. A copy of this contract amendment was attached to our Form 10-K filed March 16, 2016 as Exhibit 10.120.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">See Item 9B above
for more information regarding Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s employment agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>DIRECTORS COMPENSATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the year ended December
31, 2016, the Company granted options to purchase 738,552 shares of common stock to members of the Board of Directors under a new
Board of Directors compensation policy adopted by the Company on May 6, 2014 and as amended effective January 1, 2015. The options
are exercisable at $0.48/share and $0.46/share and expire ten years from the date of grant. A total of 738,552 options vested on
December 31, 2015. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately $296,787 using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing
model with the following assumptions: life of 5 years; risk free interest rate of 1.72% and 1.67%; volatility of 121% and dividend
yield of 0%.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The table below summarizes
the compensation paid by the Company to its directors for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fees <BR>
earned or<BR>
 paid in <BR>
cash (1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock<BR>
 Awards</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Option<BR>
 Awards<BR>
 (2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-Equity<BR>
 Incentive<BR>
 Plan<BR>
 Compensation</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Change in <BR>
Pension<BR>
 Value and<BR>
 Nonqualified<BR>
 Deferred<BR>
 Compensation<BR>
 Earnings</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All Other<BR>
 Compensation</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">($)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">($)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">($)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">($)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">($)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">($)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">($)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 23%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gregg Bigger (3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42,100</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42,100</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Charles Blum (4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42,100</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">48,100</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Donald Dickson (5)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42,100</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">48,100</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nathan Shelton (6)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42,100</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">48,100</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mark Stubbs (7)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">63,100</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">69,100</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Thomas Bundros (8)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">42,100</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ndash;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">48,100</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective July 1, 2013, the Board approved a compensation policy which includes a $500 monthly fee paid to any member of the Board of Directors who serves on a Board Committee. Effective May 6, 2014, the Board approved a revised compensation policy which continued this $500 monthly fee.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective January 1, 2014, the Board passed a resolution suspending the July 1, 2013 Board compensation policy. Effective May 6, 2014, the Board approved a compensation policy which includes two annual grants of options, including i) an option to purchase a number of shares of common stock equal to $25,000 divided by the per share closing price on the date of grant with an exercise price equal to the stock closing price on the date of grant, a one year vesting period and an expiration date 10 years from the date of grant; and ii) an option to purchase a number of shares of common stock equal to $25,000 divided by the per share fair market value of the option calculated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model based on market conditions, including stock closing price, risk free interest rate and stock volatility, on the date of grant with an exercise price equal to the stock closing price on the date of grant, vesting immediately and an expiration date 10 years from the date of grant. Also, effective July 1, 2013, the Board approved an annual grant of options to purchase 25,000 shares of common stock at a price equal to the stock&rsquo;s closing price on the date of grant, vesting immediately and expiring 10 years from the date of grant as compensation to the chairman of the Board&rsquo;s Audit Committee. Effective January 1, 2015, the Board amended the policy such that i) all options granted would vest over one year; and ii) options granted mid-year due to appointment to the Board or appointment to Chairman of the Audit Committee would be adjusted such that the number of shares would be calculated on a pro rata basis depending on the number of day remaining in the calendar year, and the options would vest December 31 of the year of grant.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On January 1, 2016, Mr. Bigger was granted options to purchase 253,158 shares of common exercisable at $0.19/share, vesting on December 31, 2015 and expiring ten years from the date of grant. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately $42,100 using Black-Scholes Option Pricing. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized compensation costs of $42,100 based on the fair value of Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s options that vested.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr. Blum serves as chairman of the Compensation Committee and as a member of the Audit Committee and the Governance and Nominating Committee. As a member of a Board Committee, Mr. Blum received compensation in the amount of $500 per month for the twelve-month period of January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2015. On January 1, 2015, was granted options to purchase 253,158 shares of common exercisable at $0.19/share, vesting on December 31, 2015 and expiring ten years from the date of grant. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately $42,100 using Black-Scholes Option Pricing. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized compensation costs of $42,100 based on the fair value of Mr. Blum&rsquo;s options that vested and $6,000 for Mr. Blum&rsquo;s Board Committee fees.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective July 1,
    2015, Mr. Dickson was appointed to the Compensation Committee. As a member of a Board Committee, Mr. Dickson received
    compensation in the amount of $500 per month for the six-month period of July 1, 2015 through December 31, 2015. On January
    1, 2015, Mr. Dickson was granted options to purchase 253,158 shares of common exercisable at $0.19/share, vesting on December
    31, 2015 and expiring ten years from the date of grant. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately
    $42,100 using Black-Scholes Option Pricing. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized compensation
    costs of $42,100 based on the fair value of Mr. Dickson&rsquo;s options that vested.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(6)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr. Shelton serves as chairman of the Compensation Committee and as a member of the Audit Committee and the Governance and Nominating Committee. As a member of a Board Committee, Mr. Shelton received compensation in the amount of $500 per month for the twelve-month period of January 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014. On May 6, 2014, Mr. Shelton was granted options to purchase 253,158 shares of common exercisable at $0.19/share, vesting on December 31, 2015 and expiring ten years from the date of grant. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately $42,100 using Black-Scholes Option Pricing. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized compensation costs of $42,100 based on the fair value of and $6,000 for Mr. Shelton&rsquo;s Board Committee fees.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(7)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr. Stubbs serves as chairman of the Audit Committee and as a member of the Compensation Committee. As a member of a Board Committee, Mr. Stubbs received compensation in the amount of $500 per month for the twelve-month period of January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2016. On January 1, 2016, Mr. Stubbs was granted options to purchase 253,158 shares of common exercisable at $0.19/share, vesting on December 31, 2016 and expiring ten years from the date of grant. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately $42,100 using Black-Scholes Option Pricing. As chairman of the Audit Committee, Mr. Stubbs received an additional grant of options on January 1, 2016 to purchase 131,579 shares of common stock valued at $21,000 using Black-Scholes Option Pricing. These options are exercisable at $0.19/share, vesting on December 31, 2016 and expire ten years from the date of grant. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized compensation costs of $63,100 based on the fair value of Mr. Stubb&rsquo;s options that vested and $6,000 for Mr. Stubb&rsquo;s Board Committee fees.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(8)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr. Bundros serves as a member of the Compensation Committee. As a member of a Board Committee, Mr. Bundros received compensation in the amount of $500 per month for the twelve-month period of January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2016. On January 1, 2016, was granted options to purchase 253,158 shares of common exercisable at $0.19/share, vesting on December 31, 2015 and expiring ten years from the date of grant. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately $42,100 using Black-Scholes Option Pricing. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized compensation costs of $42,100 based on the fair value of Mr. Blum&rsquo;s options that vested and $6,000 for Mr. Bundros&rsquo;s Board Committee fees.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><A NAME="a18"></A><B>Item&nbsp;12<I>. </I>Security Ownership
of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL
OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table sets
forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of December 31, 2016.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">each person, or group of affiliated persons, known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">each of our directors;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the Company&rsquo;s Chief Executive Officer, who also holds the positions of Chief Financial Officer and President, is the only person serving as a Named Executive as of December 31, 2016 whose total annual salary and bonus exceeded $100,000, for services rendered in all capacities to the Company (such individuals are hereafter referred to as the &ldquo;Named Executive Officers&rdquo;); and all of our directors and executive officers serving as a group.&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>Named Executive Officers and Director</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">Number of Shares<BR>
 of Common Stock<BR>
 Beneficially</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">Percentage of<BR>
 Shares<BR>
 Beneficially</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Name and Address of Beneficial Owner (1)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Owned (2)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Owned (2)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 66%; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Bigger, Greggory &ndash; Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, President, Director</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">4,583,601</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">2.30%</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Charles R. Blum &ndash; Director</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,449,613</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1.23%</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Dickson, Donald &ndash; Director</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,240,823</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.62%</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Shelton, Nathan &ndash; Director</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">879,807</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.44%</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Stubbs, Mark &ndash; Director</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">725,187</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.36%</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Thomas Bundros &ndash; Director</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">376,712</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">0.19%</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">All directors and executive officers as a group</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">10,255,743</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">5.15%</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each listed person is c/o QS Energy, Inc., 5266 Hollister Avenue, Suite 219, Santa Barbara, CA 93111.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Percentage of beneficial ownership is based upon 199,045,026 shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2016. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Shares of common stock subject to options and warrants currently exercisable or convertible, or exercisable or convertible within 60 days, are deemed outstanding for determining the number of shares beneficially owned and for computing the percentage ownership of the person holding such options, but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Except as indicated by footnote, and subject to community property laws where applicable, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock shown as beneficially owned by them.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a19"></A>Item&nbsp;13. Certain Relationships and
Related Transactions, and Director Independence</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Accrued Expenses - Related Parties</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of December 31,
2016 and 2015, total accrued expenses &ndash; related parties amounted to $135,000 and $191,000, respectively. Included in these
accruals are the unpaid salaries to a former President and current member of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors of $15,000
and $75,000, respectively. The Company agreed to a monthly payment of $5,000 to the current Board member until his unpaid salary
is fully settled.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Director Independence</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company believes Mr.
Dickson, Mr. Shelton, Mr. Stubbs and Mr. Bundros are independent, and Mr. Bigger and Mr. Blum are non-independent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><A NAME="a20"></A><B>Item&nbsp;14. Principal Accounting Fees
and Services</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Audit Committee has
selected Weinberg&nbsp;&amp; Company, P.A. to audit our financial statements for the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31, 2017.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Weinberg&nbsp;&amp; Company,
P.A. was first appointed in fiscal year 2003, and has audited our financial statements for fiscal years 2002 through 2016.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Audit and Other Fees</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table summarizes
the fees charged by Weinberg&nbsp;&amp; Company, P.A. for certain services rendered to the Company during 2016 and 2015.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Amount</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fiscal</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fiscal</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><U>Type of Fee</U></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year 2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year 2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 66%">Audit (1)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">76,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">119,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Audit Related (2)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD>Taxes (3)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">12,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">19,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">All Other (4)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">88,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">138,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This category consists of fees for the audit of our annual financial statements included in the Company&rsquo;s annual report on Form&nbsp;10-K and review of the financial statements included in the Company&rsquo;s quarterly reports on Form&nbsp;10-Q. This category also includes advice on audit and accounting matters that arose during, or as a result of, the audit or the review of interim financial statements, statutory audits required by non-U.S.&nbsp;jurisdictions and the preparation of an annual &ldquo;management letter&rdquo; on internal control matters.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Represents services that are normally provided by the independent auditors in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years, aggregate fees charged for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit and are not reported as audit fees. These services include consultations regarding Sarbanes-Oxley Act requirements, various SEC filings and the implementation of new accounting requirements.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Represents aggregate fees charged for professional services for tax compliance and preparation, tax consulting and advice, and tax planning.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Represents aggregate fees charged for products and services other than those services previously reported.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a21"></A>PART
IV</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><A NAME="a22"></A><B>Item&nbsp;15.&nbsp;&nbsp;Exhibits, Financial
Statement Schedules</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Financial Statements:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Reference is made to the
contents to the consolidated financial statements of QS Energy, Inc. under Item&nbsp;7 of this Form 10-K.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exhibits:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The exhibits listed below
are required by Item&nbsp;601 of Regulation&nbsp;S-K.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 10%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibit No.</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 89%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Description</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1(78)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Articles of Incorporation, as amended, of the Registrant.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1(87)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Articles of Merger</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.2(77)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Commercial Sublease dated October&nbsp;16, 2003 between the Registrant and KZ Golf, Inc.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2(9)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendment dated June 15, 2004 to Exhibit&nbsp;10.1</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.3 (10)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendment dated August 14, 2005 to Exhibit 10.1</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.4(10)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">General Tenancy Agreement dated March 14, 2006 between the Registrant and Autumlee Pty Ltd.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.5(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Agreement dated December&nbsp;13, 2002 between the Registrant and RAND.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.6(2)**</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Agreement dated May&nbsp;7, 2003 between the Registrant and RAND.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.7(5)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Modification No.&nbsp;1 dated as of August&nbsp;21, 2003 to Exhibit&nbsp;10.5</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.8(5)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Modification No.&nbsp;2 dated as of October&nbsp;17, 2003 to Exhibit&nbsp;10.5</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.9(5)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Modification No.&nbsp;3 dated as of January&nbsp;20, 2004 to Exhibit&nbsp;10.5</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.10(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deed and Document Conveyance between the Trustee of the Property of Jeffrey Ann Muller and Lynette Anne Muller (Bankrupts).</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.11(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Assignment and Bill of Sale dated May&nbsp;28, 2002 between the Registrant and Kevin Charles Hart.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.12(11)&dagger;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated October 5, 2005 between the Registrant and Eugene E. Eichler.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.13(15)&dagger;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Severance Agreement dated November 8, 2006 between the Registrant and Eugene E. Eichler</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.14(11)&dagger;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated October 5, 2005 between the Registrant and Bruce H. McKinnon.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.15(6)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Save the World Air, Inc. 2004 Stock Option Plan</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.16(8)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under 2004 Stock Option Plan</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.17(8)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under 2004 Stock Option Plan</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.18(8)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consulting Agreement dated as of October&nbsp;1, 2004 between the Registrant and John Fawcett</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.19(7)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">License Agreement dated as of July&nbsp;1, 2004 between the Registrant and Temple University &ndash; The Commonwealth System of Higher Education</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.20(8)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consulting Agreement dated as of November 19, 2004 between the Registrant and London Aussie Marketing, Ltd.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.21(13)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendment dated September 14, 2006 to Exhibit 10.20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.22(8)&dagger;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Employment Agreement dated September 1, 2004 with Erin Brockovich</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.23(15)&dagger;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendment dated as of July 31, 2006 to Exhibit 10.22</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.24(8)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Assignment of Patent Rights dated as of September&nbsp;1, 2003 between the Registrant and Adrian Menzell</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.25(8)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 89%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Global Deed of Assignment dated June&nbsp;26, 2004 between the Registrant and Adrian Menzell</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.26(11)&dagger;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of March 1, 2006 between the Registrant and John Richard Bautista III</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.27(9)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lease dated August 15, 2005 between the Registrant and Thomas L. Jackson</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.28(10)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendment dated February 1, 2006 to Exhibit 10.27</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.29(10)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 9% Convertible Note issued in the 2005 Interim Financing</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.30(10)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in the 2005 Interim Financing</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.31(10)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in the 2005 Bridge Financing</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.32(11)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2006 Regulation&nbsp;S financing</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.33(11)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2006 PIPE financing</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.34(12)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Commercial Sublease between the Registrant and KZG Golf dated January 1, 2006</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.35(12)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Investment Agreement dated September 15, 2006 between the Registrant and Dutchess Private Equities Fund</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.36(12)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Registration Rights Agreement dated September 15, 2006 between the registrant and Dutchess Private Equities Fund, LLP</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.37(17)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">License Agreement between the Registrant and Temple University dated February 2, 2007</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.38(17)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">License Agreement between the Registrant and Temple University dated February 2, 2007</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.39(17)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">R&amp;D Agreement between the Registrant and Temple University dated February 2, 2007</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.40(14)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note Purchase Agreement dated December 5, 2006 between the registrant and Morale Orchards LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.41(14)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued to Morale Orchards LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.42(14)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Convertible Note issued to Morale Orchards LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.43(16)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consulting Agreement dated January 4, 2007 between the Registrant and Spencer Clarke LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.44(15)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Agreement dated as of July 15, 2006 between the Company and SS Sales and Marketing Group</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.45(15)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Engagement Agreement between the Registrant and Charles K. Dargan II</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.46(15)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2007 PIPE Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.47(15)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2007 PIPE Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.48(18)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Appointment of New Directors, Nathan Shelton, Steven Bolio and Dennis Kenneally</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.49(19)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Issuance of RAND Final Report</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.50(20)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Delisting from OTCBB to OTC Pink Sheets</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.51(21)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Resignation of Director, Dennis Kenneally</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.52(22)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Resignation of Officer, Bruce H. McKinnon</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.53(23)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2007 Spring Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.54(23)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2007 Spring Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.55(24)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Termination of North Hollywood Lease</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.56(25)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Modification Agreement of 10% 2007 PIPE Convertible Notes</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.57(26)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2007 Summer Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.58(26)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2007 Summer Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.59(27)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Resignation of Director, J. Joseph Brown</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.60(28)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Resignation of Chief Financial Officer and Appointment of Interim Chief Financial Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.61(29)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Severance Agreement dated June 15, 2007 between Registrant and Bruce H. McKinnon</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.62(30)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Resignation of Director, Bruce H. McKinnon</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.63(31)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Second Modification Agreement of 10% 2007 PIPE Convertible Notes</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.64(32)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2007 Fall Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.65(32)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2007 Fall Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.66(33)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Resignation of Director, Joseph Helleis</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.67(34)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2007/8 Winter Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.68(34)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2007/8 Winter Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.69(34)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Modification and Satisfaction Agreement of Convertible Notes with Morale Orchards, LLP and Matthews &amp; Partners</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.70(35)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 89%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Termination of employment relationship with John Bautista</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.71(36)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2008 Summer Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2008 Summer Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.72(37)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2008 Fall Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2008 Fall Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.73(38)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2008 Winter Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2008 Winter Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.74(39)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Letter Agreement with Temple University extending default date</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.75(40)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notice of first payment to Temple University under Letter Agreement</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Announcement of date of 2010 Annual Shareholder Meeting</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Appointment of Cecil Bond Kyte as new Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.76(41)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2009 Winter Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2009 Winter Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.77(42)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Employment Agreement with Cecil Bond Kyte</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.78(43)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2009 Winter #2 Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2009 Winter #2 Offering&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.79(44)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2009 Spring Offering&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2009 Spring Offering&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.80(45)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 7% Convertible Note issued in 2009 Summer Offering&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2009 Summer Offering&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.81(46)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Passing of Steven Bolio, Company Director&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.82(47)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 7% Convertible Note issued in 2009 Wellfleet Offering&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2009 Wellfleet Offering&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.83(48)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 7% Convertible Note issued in 2009 Fall Offering&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2009 Fall Offering&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.84(49)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Letter to Shareholders</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.85(50)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2010 Winter Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant  issued in 2010 Winter Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.86(51)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Settlement of Bruce H. McKinnon Arbitration Award</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.87(52)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note Issued in 2010 Spring Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in to2010 Spring Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.88(53)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note Issued in 2010 Summer Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2010 Summer Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.89(54)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2010 Fall Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2010 Fall Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.90(55)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2010 Fall Offering #2</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2010 Fall Offering #2</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.91(56)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Resignation of Director John A. Price</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.92(57)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2011 Winter Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2011 Winter Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.93(58)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendment to Employment Contract with Cecil Kyte</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Announcement of date of 2011 Annual Shareholder Meeting</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.94(59)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">License Agreement between the Registrant and Temple University dated August 9, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.96(60)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note Issued in 2011 Spring Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2011 Spring Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.97(61)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note Issued in 2011 Summer Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant Issued in 2011 Summer Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.94(62)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note Issued in 2011 Fall Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant Issued in 2011 Fall Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.95(63)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Final Report of the Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center of Viscosity Reduction Device (AOT)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.96(64)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note Issued in 2011 Fall#2 Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant Issued in 2011 Fall#2 Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 9%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.97(65)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 89%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Letter of Intent between Registrant and Heng He Xing Ye Technology Development Co., Ltd. dated October 19,2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.98(66)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Announcement of resignation of Eugene E. Eichler, Interim Chief Financial Officer for health reasons.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.99(67)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note Issued in 2011 Fall#3 Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.100(68)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant Issued in 2011 Fall#3 Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.101(69)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of 10% Convertible Note Issued in 2012 Winter Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.102(70)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant Issued in 2012 Winter Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.103(71)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Letter of Intent between Registrant and LG Partners LLC (&ldquo;LGP&rdquo;)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.104(72)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cooperation Framework Agreement between Registrant and Heng He Xing Technology Development Co., Ltd (TDC) dated March 9, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.105(73)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Employment Agreement with Gregg Bigger, Chief Financial Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.106(74)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S. Department of Energy Agreement dated February 6, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.107(75)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Continental Divide, LLC Agreement dated January 2, 2013</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.108(76)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equipment Lease/Option to Purchase Agreement with TransCanada Keystone Pipeline, L.P.&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.109(79)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendment to Greggory M. Bigger Employment Contract.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.110(80)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cecil Bond Kyte Separation Agreement</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.111(81)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equipment Lease/Option to Purchase Agreement, dated effective as of July 15, 2014, between Save The World Air, Inc. and Kinder Morgan Crude &amp; Condensate LLC.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.112(82)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mutual Confidentiality Agreement, dated July 15, 2014, between Save The World Air, Inc. and Kinder Morgan Crude &amp; Condensate LLC.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.113(83)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Letter from TransCanada to Save The World Air, Inc., dated July 15, 2014.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.114(84)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Newfield Exploration Company Joint Development Agreement.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.115(85)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Haven Technology Solutions Joint Development Agreement.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.116(86)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Registrant&rsquo;s Business Plan</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.117(87)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Forms of Convertible Note, Warrant, and Securities Purchase Agreement in 2014 Fall Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.118(88)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Forms of Convertible Note, Warrant, and Securities Purchase Agreement in 2015 Spring Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.119(89)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Forms of Convertible Note, Warrant, and Securities Purchase Agreement in 2015 Winter Offering</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.120(90)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendment to Greggory M. Bigger Employment Contract dated March 10, 2016.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.121(91)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Temple Research Agreement dated March 19, 2012, as amended March 19, 2013.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>10.122*</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Jason Lane Employment Agreement effective April 1, 2017</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>10.123*</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Michael McMullen Employment Agreement effective April 1, 2017</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>10.124*</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Bigger Separation Agreement effective April 1, 2017</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">List of Subsidiaries</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24*</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Power of Attorney (included on Signature Page)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31.1*</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Annual Report Pursuant to Rule&nbsp;13(a)&mdash;15(e) or Rule&nbsp;15(d)&mdash;15(e).</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31.2*</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Annual Report Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section&nbsp;1350.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32.1*</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Annual Report pursuant to Rule&nbsp;13(a)&mdash;15(e) or Rule&nbsp;15(d)&mdash;15(e).</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.INS*</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XBRL Instance Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.SCH</FONT>*</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XBRL Schema Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.CAL</FONT>*</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.DEF</FONT>*</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XBRL Definition Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.LAB</FONT>*</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XBRL Label Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.PRE</FONT>*</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Filed herewith.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">**</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Confidential treatment previously requested.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&dagger;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>(1)</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Registration Statement on Form 10-SB (Registration Number 000-29185), as amended, filed on March&nbsp;2, 2000.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 89%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10KSB for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December&nbsp;30, 2002.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on November&nbsp;12, 2002.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10QSB for the quarter ended March&nbsp;31, 2004.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(6)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Appendix&nbsp;C of Registrant&rsquo;s Schedule&nbsp;14A filed on April&nbsp;30, 2004, in connection with its Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on May&nbsp;24, 2004.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(7)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant Form 8-K filed on July&nbsp;12, 2004.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(8)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from registrant&rsquo;s Form 10KSB for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(9)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10QSB for the quarter ended September 30, 2005</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(10)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10KSB for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(11)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form SB-2 filed on June 28, 2006 (SEC File No. 333- 333-135415)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(12)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on September 21, 2006</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(13)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form SB-2 filed on October 6, 2006 (SEC File No. 333-137855)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(14)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 11, 2006</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(15)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10KSB for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(16)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on January 10, 2007</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(17)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on February 8, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(18)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(19)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on May 3, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(20)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on May 22 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(21)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on June 8, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(22)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on June 15, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(23)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on July 2, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(24)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on July 18, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(25)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on August 30, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(26)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on October 9, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(27)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on October 23, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(28)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on November 9, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(29)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference form Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10QSB for the nine months ended September 30, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(30)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on November 15, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(31)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 11, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(32)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(33)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on February 25, 2010&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(34)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on March 11, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(35)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on March 27, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(36)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on September 3, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(37)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on November 6, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(38)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 11, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(39)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on January 13, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(40)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on January 27, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(41)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(42)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s form 10K for the twelve months ended December 31, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(43)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 89%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on March 12, 2010&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(45)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on September 30, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(46)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on November 24, 2010&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(47)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 7, 2010&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(48)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on February 3, 2010&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(49)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on March 22, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(50)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on April 8, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(51)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on April 13, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(52)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on May 7, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(53)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on August 11, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(54)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on November 11, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(55)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(56)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on February 25, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(57)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference form Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on March 7, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(58)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on March 9, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(59)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on August 11, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(60)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on June 9, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(61)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on August 10, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(62)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on October 21, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(63)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on October 25, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(64)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 14, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(65)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 27, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(66)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on January 4, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(67)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on January 23, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(68)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on January 23, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(69)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on January 23, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(70)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on February 8, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(71)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on March 16, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(72)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on March 20, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(73)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 30, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(74)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 30, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(75)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 22, 2013</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(76)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on August 1, 2013</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(77)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on July 8, 2013</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(78)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2013</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(79)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 17, 2014</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(80)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 17, 2014</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(81)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on July 21, 2014</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(82)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on July 21, 2014</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(83)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on July 21, 2014</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(84)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-Q filed on November 10, 2014</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(85)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-Q filed on November 10, 2014</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(86)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 1, 2015</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(87)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2016</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(88)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2016</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(89)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2016</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(90)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2016</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(91)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2016</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 54; Value: 1 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a29"></A><B>SIGNATURES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In accordance with Section&nbsp;13
or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, hereunto duly
authorize.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>QS Energy, Inc.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 35%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date: March 31, 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Greggory Bigger</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Greggory Bigger</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Chief Executive Officer</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>POWER OF ATTORNEY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE
PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Greggory Bigger as his or her true and lawful
attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place
and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same,
with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto
said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite
and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person,
hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his or her substitute or
substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and
in the capacities and on the dates indicated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 21%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NAME</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 53%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">TITLE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 16%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DATE</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Greggory Bigger</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 31, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Greggory Bigger</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Charles R. Blum</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 31, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Charles R. Blum</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Donald Dickson</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 31, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Donald Dickson</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Nathan Shelton</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 31, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nathan Shelton</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Mark Stubbs</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 31, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mark Stubbs</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Thomas Bundros</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 31, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Thomas Bundros</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>QS ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2015</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="#a23"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-2</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="#a24"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Balance Sheets</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-3</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="#a25"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Statements of Operations</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-4</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="#a30"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Statements of Stockholders&rsquo; Deficit</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-5</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="#a26"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-6</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><A HREF="#a31"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements</FONT></A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-7</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><A NAME="a23"></A><B>REPORT OF INDEPENDENT
REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
of</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">QS Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">We have audited the accompanying consolidated
balance sheets of QS Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the related
consolidated statements of operations, stockholders&rsquo; deficit and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.
The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated
financial statements based on our audits.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">We conducted our audits in accordance with
the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform
the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company
is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits
included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate
under the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company&rsquo;s internal
control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable
basis for our opinion.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">In our opinion, the consolidated financial
statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of QS Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries
as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">The accompanying financial statements have
been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2, the Company has experienced recurring
operating losses and negative operating cash flows since inception, has a stockholders&rsquo; deficit, and has financed its working
capital requirements through the recurring sale of its debt and equity securities. These conditions raise substantial doubt about
the Company&rsquo;s ability to continue as a going concern. Management&rsquo;s plans in regard to these matters are also described
in Note 2 to the financial statements. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome
of this uncertainty.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">/s/ Weinberg &amp; Company, P.A.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Weinberg &amp; Company, P.A.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">Los Angeles, California</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">March 31, 2017</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a24"></A>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">ASSETS</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Current assets:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 66%">Cash</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">136,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">349,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">26,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">51,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Total current assets</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">162,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">400,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $32,000 and $60,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">17,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">22,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other assets</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">7,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">6,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total assets</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">186,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">428,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS&rsquo; DEFICIT</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Current liabilities:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Accounts payable-license agreements</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">805,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">590,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Accounts payable and accrued expenses</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">251,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">182,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Accrued expenses -related parties</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">135,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">191,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Deposit and other current liabilities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">5,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">25,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Convertible debentures, net of discounts of $92,000 and $101,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">348,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">222,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total current liabilities</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,544,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,210,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Commitments and contingencies</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Stockholders&rsquo; deficit</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Common stock, $0.001 par value: 300,000,000 shares authorized 199,045,026 and 183,831,577 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">199,045</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">183,832</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Additional paid-in capital</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">103,716,955</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">100,308,168</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Accumulated deficit</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(105,274,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(101,274,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total stockholders&rsquo; deficit</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,358,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(782,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total liabilities and stockholders&rsquo; deficit</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">186,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">428,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a25"></A>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Twelve months ended</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">December 31</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">Revenues</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 66%; text-align: left">Operating expenses</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">2,103,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">2,915,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Research and development expenses</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">279,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">578,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Loss before other income (expense)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(2,382,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(3,493,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Other income</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">11,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Interest and financing expense</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,617,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(747,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Loss on disposition of equipment</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(3,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Net Loss</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(4,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(4,229,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Net loss per common share, basic and diluted</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(0.02</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(0.02</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">192,831,810</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">182,267,719</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left"><B></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a30"></A>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS&rsquo;
DEFICIT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND
2015</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left"><B></B></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Additional</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Total</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">Paid-in</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">Accumulated</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">Stockholders&rsquo;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Shares</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Amount</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Capital</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Deficit</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Deficit</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 35%; font-weight: bold; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Balance, January 1, 2015</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">181,028,244</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">181,028</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">98,231,972</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(97,045,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,368,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">200,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">200</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">49,800</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">50,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Common stock issued upon conversion of notes payable</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,603,333</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,604</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">666,396</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">669,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Fair value of warrants and beneficial conversion feature of issued convertible notes</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">631,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">631,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Fair value of options and warrants issued as compensation</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">729,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">729,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Net loss</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(4,229,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(4,229,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Balance, December 31, 2015</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">183,831,577</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">183,832</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">100,308,168</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(101,274,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(782,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Common stock issued upon conversion of notes payable</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">14,913,449</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">14,913</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,476,087</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,491,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Common stock issued for services</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">300,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">300</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">47,700</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">48,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Fair value of warrants and beneficial conversion feature of issued convertible notes</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,443,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,443,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Fair value of options and warrants issued as compensation</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">442,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">442,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Net loss</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(4,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(4,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Balance, December 31, 2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">199,045,026</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">199,045</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">103,716,955</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(105,274,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(1,358,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a26"></A><B>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Twelve months ended</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">December 31</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Cash flows from Operating Activities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="width: 66%; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Net loss</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">(4,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">(4,229,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt">Fair value of options and warrants issued as compensation</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">442,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">729,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt">Common stock issued for services</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">48,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt">Amortization of debt discounts</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,596,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">702,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt">Interest expense added to notes payable</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">21,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">21,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt">Loss on disposition of equipment</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt">Depreciation and amortization</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">7,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">12,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt">Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 30pt; text-indent: -10pt">Prepaid expenses and other assets</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">24,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">21,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 30pt; text-indent: -10pt">Accounts payable &ndash; license agreements</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">215,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">185,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 30pt; text-indent: -10pt">Accounts payable and accrued expenses</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">69,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">32,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 30pt; text-indent: -10pt">Accrued expenses &ndash; related parties</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(56,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(69,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 30pt; text-indent: -10pt">Deposit and other current liabilities</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">5,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Net cash used in operating activities</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,626,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(2,596,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Cash flows from investing activities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt">Purchase of equipment</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(5,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(13,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt">Net cash used in investing activities</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(5,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(13,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Cash flows from financing activities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt">Net proceeds from issuance of convertible notes and warrants</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,418,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">660,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt">Net proceeds from exercise of warrants and options</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">50,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Net cash provided by financing activities</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,418,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">710,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Net decrease in cash</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(213,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,899,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-style: normal; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal"><B>Cash</B><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">, beginning of period</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">349,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,248,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-style: normal; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal"><B>Cash</B><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">, end of period</FONT></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">136,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">349,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-style: italic; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Cash paid during the year for:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt">Interest</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 20pt; text-indent: -10pt">Income Taxes</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Non-cash investing and financing activities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Conversion of convertible debentures to common stock</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,491,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">669,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Deposit converted to note payable</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">25,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Fair value of warrants and beneficial conversion feature associated with issued convertible notes</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,443,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">631,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><BR CLEAR="ALL">
</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a31"></A>NOTES&nbsp;TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND
2015</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>1.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Description of Business</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Description of Business</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">QS Energy, Inc. (&ldquo;QS
Energy&rdquo;, &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) was incorporated on February 18, 1998, as a Nevada Corporation under the name Mandalay Capital
Corporation. The Company changed its name to Save the World Air, Inc. on February 11, 1999. Effective August 11, 2015, the Company
changed its name to QS Energy, Inc. The Company&rsquo;s common stock is quoted under the symbol &ldquo;QSEP&rdquo; on the Over-the-Counter
Bulletin Board. More information including the Company&rsquo;s fact sheet, logos and media articles are available at our corporate
website, www.qsenergy.com.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">QS Energy develops and
commercializes energy efficiency technologies that assist in meeting increasing global energy demands, improving the economics
of oil extraction and transport, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Company's intellectual properties include a portfolio
of domestic and international patents and patents pending, a substantial portion of which have been developed in conjunction with
and exclusively licensed from Temple University of Philadelphia, PA (&ldquo;Temple&rdquo;). QS Energy's primary technology is called
Applied Oil Technology&trade; (AOT), a commercial-grade crude oil pipeline transportation flow-assurance product. Engineered specifically
to reduce pipeline pressure loss, increase pipeline flow rate and capacity, and reduce shippers&rsquo; reliance on diluents and
drag reducing agents to meet pipeline maximum viscosity requirements, AOT is a 100% solid-state system that reduces crude oil viscosity
by applying a high intensity electrical field to crude oil feedstock while in transit. The AOT product has transitioned from the
research and development stage to initial production for continued testing in advance of our goal of seeking acceptance and adoption
by the midstream pipeline marketplace.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company also began
commercial development of a suite of products based around the Joule Heat technology. The Company began fabrication of prototype
equipment to be operated under a joint development agreement with a commercial entity in the fourth quarter of 2014. The Company&rsquo;s
first Joule Heat prototype was installed for testing purposes at the Newfield facility in June 2015 and the system is operational;
however, changes to the prototype configuration will be required to determine commercial effectiveness of this unit. In addition,
the Company filed two additional provisional patents related to the technology&rsquo;s method and apparatus. In December 2015,
we temporarily suspended Joule Heat development activities to focus Company resources on finalizing commercial development of the
AOT Midstream. We currently plan to resume Joule Heat development in 2017 depending on the availability of sufficient capital and
other resources.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>2.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Consolidation Policy</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The accompanying consolidated
financial statements of QS Energy Inc. include the accounts of QS Energy Inc. (the Parent) and its wholly owned subsidiaries, QS
Energy Pool, Inc. and STWA Asia Pte. Limited. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Going Concern</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The accompanying consolidated
financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement
of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements,
during the twelve-months ended December 31, 2016, the Company incurred a net loss of $4,000,000, used cash in operations of $1,626,000
and had a stockholders&rsquo; deficit of $1,358,000 as of that date. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company&rsquo;s
ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The ability of
the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the Company&rsquo;s ability to raise additional funds and implement
its business plan. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to
continue as a going concern.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At December 31, 2016, the
Company had cash on hand in the amount of $136,000. Management estimates that the current funds on hand will be sufficient to continue
operations through April 2017. Management is currently seeking additional funds, primarily through the issuance of debt and equity
securities for cash to operate our business, including without limitation the expenses it will incur in connection with the license
and research and development agreements with Temple University; costs associated with product development and commercialization
of the AOT technology; costs to manufacture and ship the products; costs to design and implement an effective system of internal
controls and disclosure controls and procedures; costs of maintaining our status as a public company by filing periodic reports
with the SEC and costs required to protect our intellectual property. In addition, as discussed below, the Company has substantial
contractual commitments, including without limitation, payment of license and other fees to Temple University, salaries to our
executive officers pursuant to employment agreements, certain payments to a former officer and consulting fees, during the remainder
of 2017 and beyond.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No assurance can be given
that any future financing will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to the Company. Even
if the Company is able to obtain additional financing, it may contain undue restrictions on our operations, in the case of debt
financing or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders in case of equity financing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Revenue Recognition Policy</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company recognizes
lease revenue upon commencement of the lease. Revenue on future product sales will be recognized upon meeting the following criteria:
persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services rendered; the seller's price to the buyer is fixed
or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Property and Equipment and Depreciation</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Property and equipment
are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets,
generally ranging from three to ten years. Expenditures for major renewals and improvements that extend the useful lives of property
and equipment are capitalized. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Leasehold improvements
are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Impairment of Long-lived Assets</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our long-lived assets,
such as property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment at least annually, or when events and circumstances indicate that depreciable
or amortizable long lived assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are
less than the carrying amount of those assets. When specific assets are determined to be unrecoverable, the cost basis of the asset
is reduced to reflect the current value.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We use various assumptions
in determining the current fair value of these assets, including future expected cash flows and discount rates, as well as other
fair value measures. Our impairment loss calculations require us to apply judgment in estimating future cash flows, including forecasting
useful lives of the assets and selecting the discount rate that reflects the risk inherent in future cash flows.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If actual results are not
consistent with our assumptions and judgments used in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values, we may be exposed to
future impairment losses that could be material to our results.  Based upon management&rsquo;s annual review, no impairments
were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2016, and 2015.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Loss per Share</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Basic loss per share is
computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during
the period. Diluted loss per share reflects the potential dilution, using the treasury stock method that could occur if securities
or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock
that then shared in the loss of the Company. In computing diluted loss per share, the treasury stock method assumes that outstanding
options and warrants are exercised and the proceeds are used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period.
Options and warrants may have a dilutive effect under the treasury stock method only when the average market price of the common
stock during the period exceeds the exercise price of the options and warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For the years ended December&nbsp;31,
2016 and 2015, the dilutive impact of outstanding stock options of 23,474,256 shares and 21,535,148 shares; outstanding warrants
of 11,446,892 shares and 4,411,667 shares; and notes convertible into 2,540,211 and 509,667 shares of our common stock, respectively,&nbsp;have
been excluded because their impact on the loss per share is anti-dilutive.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Income Taxes</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Income taxes are recognized
for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the
future tax consequences of transactions that have been recognized in the Company&rsquo;s consolidated financial statements or tax
returns. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or entire deferred tax asset will
not be realized.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Stock-Based Compensation</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company periodically
issues stock options and warrants to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for services and for financing
costs. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to employees based on the authoritative guidance
provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board whereas the value of the award is measured on the date of grant and recognized
over the vesting period. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to non-employees in accordance
with the authoritative guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board whereas the value of the stock compensation is based
upon the measurement date as determined at either a) the date at which a performance commitment is reached, or b) at the date at
which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete. Non-employee stock-based compensation charges generally
are amortized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. In certain circumstances where there are no future performance
requirements by the non-employee, option grants are immediately vested and the total stock-based compensation charge is recorded
in the period of the measurement date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The fair value of the Company's&nbsp;stock
options and warrants grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model, which uses certain assumptions related to
risk-free interest rates, expected volatility, expected life of the stock options or warrants, and future dividends. Compensation
expense is recorded based upon the value derived from the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model, and based on actual experience. The
assumptions used in the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model could materially affect compensation expense recorded in future periods.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Estimates</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The preparation of financial
statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include those related
to assumptions used in impairment analysis for fixed assets, valuing accruals and equity instruments. Actual results could differ
from those estimates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Fair Value of Financial Instruments</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Effective January 1, 2008,
fair value measurements are determined by the Company's adoption of authoritative guidance issued by the FASB, with the exception
of the application of the statement to non-recurring, non-financial assets and liabilities as permitted. The adoption of the authoritative
guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's fair value measurements.  Fair value is defined in the authoritative
guidance as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous
market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy
was established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into three broad levels as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Level&nbsp;1&mdash;Quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Level&nbsp;2&mdash;Inputs,
other than the quoted prices in active markets, are observable either directly or indirectly.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Level&nbsp;3&mdash;Unobservable
inputs based on the Company's assumptions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company is required
to use of observable market data if such data is available without undue cost and effort.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The carrying amounts for
cash, accounts payable, accrued expenses and convertible debentures approximate their fair value due to their short-term nature.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Research and Development Costs</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Costs incurred for research
and development are expensed as incurred. Purchased materials that do not have an alternative future use are also expensed. Furthermore,
costs incurred in the construction of prototypes with no certainty of any alternative future use and established commercial uses
are also expensed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For the years ended December
31, 2016 and 2015 research and development costs were $279,000 and $578,000, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Patent Costs</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Patent costs consist of
patent-related legal and filing fees. Due to the uncertainty associated with the successful development of our AOT and Joule Heat
products, all patent costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, patent costs were $64,000
and $53,000, respectively, and were included as part of operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Recent Accounting Pronouncements</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In May 2014, the Financial
Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
ASU 2014-09 is a comprehensive revenue recognition standard that will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance
under current U.S. GAAP and replace it with a principle based approach for determining revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09 will require
that companies recognize revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services as they occur in the contract. The ASU also
will require additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer
contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill
a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted
only in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods therein. Entities will be able to
transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The Company
is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2014-09 on the Company&rsquo;s financial statements and disclosures. In February
2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to record a right of
use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. ASU 2016-02
is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. A modified
retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after,
the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available.
The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on the Company&rsquo;s financial statements and disclosures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In February 2016, the FASB
issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, <I>Leases</I>. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to record a right of use asset
and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. ASU 2016-02 is effective
for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. A modified retrospective
transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning
of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company
is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on the Company&rsquo;s financial statements and disclosures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In March 2016, the FASB
issued the ASU 2016-09, <I>Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)</I>: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.
The amendments in this ASU require, among other things, that all income tax effects of awards be recognized in the income statement
when the awards vest or are settled. The ASU also allows for an employer to repurchase more of an employee's shares than it can
today for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting and allows for a policy election to account for forfeitures
as they occur. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods
within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for any entity in any interim or annual period. The Company is currently
evaluating the expected impact that the standard could have on its financial statements and related disclosures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Other recent accounting
pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants,
and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company's
present or future consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>3.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Accrued Expenses &ndash; Related Parties</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Accrued Expenses &ndash;
Related Parties consists of unpaid salaries and corresponding payroll taxes of officer&rsquo;s salaries, unused vacation of officers
and unpaid board and committee fees to members of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015,
total accrued expenses &ndash; related parties amounted to $135,000 and $191,000, respectively. Included in these accruals are
the unpaid salaries to a former President and current member of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors of $15,000 and $75,000,
respectively. The Company agreed to a monthly payment of $5,000 to the current Board member until his unpaid salary is fully settled.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>4.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Property and Equipment</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At December&nbsp;31, 2016
and 2015, property and equipment consists of the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 66%; text-align: left">Office equipment</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">28,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">65,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Furniture and fixtures</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">4,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Testing equipment</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">18,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">13,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>Subtotal</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">49,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">82,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Less accumulated depreciation</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(32,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(60,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">17,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">22,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company disposed of
certain property and equipment with aggregate costs of $38,000 and accumulated depreciation of $35,000 which resulted in a loss
of $3,000. Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $7,000 and $12,000, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>5.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Convertible Notes and Warrants</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 66%; text-align: left">Convertible note</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">417,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">321,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">Interest</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">23,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD>Subtotal</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">440,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">323,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Convertible note discount</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(92,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(101,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">348,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">222,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At January 1, 2015, total
outstanding notes payable on convertible notes issued in 2014 amounted to $245,000 and unamortized note discount was $106,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the year ended December
31, 2015, the Company issued convertible promissory notes in the aggregate of $726,000 for cash proceeds of $660,000 or a discount
of $66,000. The notes do not bear any interest; however, the implied interest rate used was 10% since the notes were issued at
10% less than their face value, are unsecured, mature in twelve months from issuance and convertible at $0.30 and $0.10 per share.
In addition, the Company also granted these note holders warrants to purchase 1,796,667 shares of the Company&rsquo; common stock.
The warrants are fully vested, exercisable at $0.30 and $0.10 per share and expired one year from the date of issuance. As a result,
the Company recorded total note discount of $697,000 to account for the relative fair value of the warrants, the notes&rsquo; BCF
and OID. The note discounts were amortized over the life of the notes or were amortized in full upon the conversion of the corresponding
notes to common stock. During 2015, a total of $669,000 of notes payable were converted into 2.6 million shares of common stock
and amortized note discount of $702,000 was recorded as interest expense. As of December 31, 2015, total outstanding notes payable
amounted to $321,000 and unamortized note discount of $101,000. Three notes in the aggregate of $211,000 matured without conversion
as of December 31, 2015. As a result, the Company increased the principal amount of each note by 10% under terms of the notes in
the aggregate amount of $19,000 and accrued interest of $2,000. As of December 31, 2015, interest accrued for these notes amounted
to $2,000 which was reported as part of convertible debentures in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the year ended
December 31, 2016, the Company issued similar convertible promissory notes in the aggregate of $1,587,000 for cash proceeds
of $1,418,000 and conversion of a deposit received from an investor in 2015 amounting to $25,000 and a discount of $144,000.
The notes do not bear any interest; however, the implied interest rate used was 10% since the notes were issued 10% less than
its face value, are unsecured, mature in twelve months from issuance and convertible at $0.10 per share. In addition, the
Company also granted these note holders warrants to purchase 7.9 million shares of the Company&rsquo; common stock. The
warrants are fully vested, exercisable at $0.10 per share and expire one year from the date of issuance. As a result, the
Company recorded a note discount of $1,587,000 to account for the relative fair value of the warrants, the notes&rsquo; BCF
and OID. The note discounts are amortized over the life of the notes or were amortized in full upon the conversion of the
corresponding notes to common stock. During 2016, a total of $1,491,000 of notes payable were converted into 14.9 million
shares of common stock and amortized note discount of $1,596,000 was recorded as interest expense. As of December 31, 2016,
total outstanding notes payable amounted to $417,000 and unamortized note discount of $92,000. During the year ended December
31, 2016, the Company accrued interest of $21,000. As of December 31, 2016, total accrued interest amounted to $23,000 which
was reported as part of convertible debentures in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The Company is currently in
negotiations with the noteholders to settle the matured notes payable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>6.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Research and Development</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company constructs,
develops and tests the AOT and Joule Heat technologies with internal resources and through the assistance of various third party
entities. Costs incurred and expensed include fees such as license fees, U.S. Department of Energy testing fees, purchase of test
equipment, pipeline pumping equipment, crude oil tank batteries, viscometers, SCADA systems, computer equipment, payroll and other
related equipment and various logistical expenses for the purposes of evaluating and testing the Company&rsquo;s AOT prototypes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For the years ended December
31, 2016 and 2015, our research and development expenses were $279,000 and $578,000, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>AOT and Joule Heat Product Development and Testing</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company constructs,
develops and tests the AOT and Joule Heat technologies with internal resources and through the assistance of various third party
entities. Costs incurred and expensed include fees such as testing fees, purchase of test equipment, pipeline pumping equipment,
crude oil tank batteries, viscometers, SCADA systems, computer equipment, payroll and other related equipment and various logistical
expenses for the purposes of evaluating and testing the Company&rsquo;s AOT and Joule Heat prototypes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Total expenses incurred
during the year ended December 31, 2015, AOT and Joule Heat product development and testing amounted to $216,000 and has been reflected
as part of Research and Development expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. There were no such costs
in 2016.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>AOT Prototypes</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the years ended
December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company incurred total expenses of $64,500 and $109,500, respectively, in the manufacture and delivery
of the AOT prototype equipment under lease agreements. These expenses have been reflected as part of Research and Development expenses
on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Temple University Licensing Agreement</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On August 1, 2011, the
Company and Temple University (&ldquo;Temple&rdquo;) entered into two (2) Exclusive License Agreements (collectively, the &ldquo;License
Agreements&rdquo;) relating to Temple&rsquo;s patent applications, patents and technical information pertaining to technology associated
with an electric and/or magnetic field assisted fuel injector system (the &ldquo;First Temple License&rdquo;), and to technology
to reduce crude oil viscosity (the &ldquo;Second Temple License&rdquo;).  The License Agreements are exclusive and the
territory licensed to the Company is worldwide and replace previously issued License Agreements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the two licensing
agreements, the Company&nbsp;agreed to pay Temple the following: (i) non-refundable license maintenance fee of $300,000; (ii) annual
maintenance fees of $187,500; (iii) royalty fee ranging from 4% up to 7% from revenues generated from the licensing agreements;
and (iv) 25% of all revenues generated from sub-licensees to secure or maintain the sub-license or option thereon. Temple also
agreed to defer $37,500 of the amount due if the Company agrees to fund at least $250,000 in research or development of Temple&rsquo;s
patent rights licensed to the Company. The term of the licenses commenced in August 2011 and will expire upon the expiration of
the patents. The agreement can also be terminated by either party upon notification under terms of the licensing agreements or
if the Company ceases the development of the patent or failure to commercialize the patent rights.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Total expenses recognized
during each year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 pursuant to these two agreements amounted to $187,500 each year and have been
reflected in Research and Development expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.&nbsp;In addition, the
Company also recognized penalty interest of $78,000 due to past due balance in the year ended December 31, 2016.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of December 31,
2016 and 2015, total unpaid fees due to Temple pursuant to these agreements amounted to $726,000 and $461,000, respectively,
which are included as part of Accounts Payable &ndash; licensing agreement in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
As of December 31, 2016, payment of $203,000 of the $726,000 payable has been deferred under terms of the license agreements
and the remaining $523,000 is deemed past due. The Company is currently in negotiations with Temple to settle this amount
due.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Temple University Sponsored Research Agreement</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On March 19, 2012,
the Company entered into a Sponsored Research Agreement (&ldquo;Research Agreement&rdquo;) with Temple University
(&ldquo;Temple&rdquo;), whereby Temple, under the direction of Dr. Rongjia Tao, will perform ongoing research related to the
Company&rsquo;s AOT device (the &ldquo;Project&rdquo;), for the period April 1, 2012, through April 1, 2014. All rights and
title to intellectual property resulting from Temple&rsquo;s work related to the Project shall be subject to the Exclusive
License Agreements between Temple and the Company, dated August 1, 2011. In exchange for Temple&rsquo;s research efforts on
the Project, the Company has agreed to pay&nbsp;Temple&nbsp;$500,000, payable in quarterly installments of $62,500.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In August 2013, the Company
and Temple amended the Research Agreement. Under the amended agreement, parties agreed that total cost for Phase 1 of the agreement
was $241,408 and total cost for Phase 2 of the agreement was $258,592 payable beginning September 1, 2013 in eight quarterly installments
of $32,324.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the year ended
December 31, 2015, the Company recognized a total expense of $65,000 pursuant to this agreement and such costs have been reflected
in Research and Development expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. This agreement expired effective
August 31, 2015, as such, no expense was incurred under this agreement in the year ended December 31, 2016. During the year ended
December 31, 2016, Temple University provided a final invoice in the amount of $79,000 reconciling amounts invoiced against services
provided under the Research Agreement. The Company recognized a credit against the amount due under the Research Agreement in
the amount of $50,000, reducing the current payable from $129,000 to $79,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of December 31, 2016
and 2015, total unpaid fees due to Temple pursuant to this agreement amounted to $79,000 and $129,000, respectively, which are
included as part of Accounts Payable &ndash; licensing agreement in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of December
31, 2016, the entire $79,000 is deemed past due. The Company is currently in negotiations with Temple to settle this amount due.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>7.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Common Stock Transactions</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Year Ending December 31, 2016</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the year ended December
31, 2016, the Company issued an aggregate of 15,213,449 shares of its common stock as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued 14,913,449 shares of its common stock upon the conversion of $1,491,000 in convertible notes pursuant to the convertible notes conversion price of $0.10 per share.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company also issued 300,000 shares of common stock to consultants for services rendered with a fair value of $48,000 which is included as part of Operating Expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The shares were valued at the trading price at the date of issuance.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Year Ending December 31, 2015</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the year ended December
31, 2015, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,803,333 shares of its common stock as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued 2,603,333 shares of its common stock upon the conversion of $669,000 in convertible notes pursuant to the convertible notes conversion price ranging from $0.10 to $0.48 per share.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued 200,000 shares of its common stock upon exercise of warrants at price of $0.25 per share for total cash proceeds of at $50,000.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>8.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Stock Options and Warrants</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company periodically
issues stock options and warrants to employees and non-employees in capital raising transactions, for services and for financing
costs. Options and warrants vest and expire according to terms established at the grant date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Options</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Employee options vest according
to the terms of the specific grant and expire from 5 to 10&nbsp;years from date of grant. The weighted-average, remaining contractual
life of employee and Non-employee options outstanding at December 31, 2016 was 5.2&nbsp;years. Stock option activity for the period
January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016, was as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Weighted Avg.</B></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Options</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Weighted Avg.</B></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Exercise Price</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 66%">Options, January 1, 2015</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">21,052,030</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">0.20</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Options granted</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">838,552</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.46</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Options exercised</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Options forfeited</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(355,434</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">0.72</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD>Options, December 31, 2015</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">21,535,148</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.30</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Options granted</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,250,527</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.19</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Options exercised</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Options forfeited</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(311,419</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">0.75</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Options, December 31, 2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">23,474,256</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">0.28</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The weighted average exercise
prices, remaining contractual lives for options granted, exercisable, and expected to vest as of December&nbsp;31, 2016 were as
follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="10" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Outstanding Options</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exercisable Options</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Option</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Exercise Price</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Per Share</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Life</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">(Years)</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Weighted</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Average Exercise</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Price</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Weighted</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Average Exercise</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Price</P></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$ 0.18 - $ 0.99</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23,323,810</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.8</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.27</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22,783,810</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.28</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$ 1.00 - $ 1.99</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">150,446</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.18</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">150,446</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.18</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23,474,256</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.28</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20,671,512</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.28</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of December 31, 2016
the market price of the Company&rsquo;s stock was $0.05 per share.&nbsp; At December 31, 2016 the aggregate intrinsic value of
the options outstanding was $0. Future unamortized compensation expense on the unvested outstanding options at December 31, 2016
is approximately $41,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Year Ending December 31, 2016</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From January through May 2016, the Company issued options to purchase a total of 2,250,527 shares of common stock to employees, officers and members of the Board of Directors with a fair value of $357,000 using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model. The options are exercisable from $0.18 up to $0.19 per share, vesting within one or two years and expiring in ten years from the date of grant. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized compensation costs of $316,000 based on options that vested.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company amortized $34,000 of compensation cost based on the vesting of the options granted to employees and directors in prior years.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Year Ending December 31, 2015</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From January through July 2015, the Company issued options to purchase a total of 838,552 shares of common stock to employees, officers and members of the Board of Directors with a fair value of $324,000 using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model. The options are exercisable from $0.65 up to $0.99 per share, vesting within one year and expiring in ten years from the date of grant. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recognized compensation costs of $324,000 based on the options that vested.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 24px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company amortized $366,000 of compensation cost based on the vesting of the options granted to employees and directors in prior years.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Black-Scholes Option Pricing</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company used the following
average assumptions in its calculation using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-left: 0.5in">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Years Ended</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 46%; text-align: left">Expected life (years)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">5.5</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.0 &ndash; 5.5</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Risk free interest rate</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.23 &ndash; 1.72</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.56 &ndash; 1.72</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD>Volatility</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">119 &ndash; 121</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">106 &ndash; 121</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Expected dividend yield</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">%</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify">The assumptions used in the Black Scholes models
referred to above are based upon the following data: (1) the contractual life of the underlying non-employee options is the expected
life. The expected life of the employee option is estimated by considering the contractual term of the option, the vesting period
of the option, the employees&rsquo; expected exercise behavior and the post-vesting employee turnover rate. (2) The expected stock
price volatility was based upon the Company&rsquo;s historical stock price over the expected term of the option. (3) The risk free
interest rate is based on published U.S. Treasury Department interest rates for the expected terms of the underlying options. (4)
The expected dividend yield was based on the fact that the Company has not paid dividends to common shareholders in the past and
does not expect to pay dividends to common shareholders in the future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Warrants</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table summarizes
certain information about the Company&rsquo;s stock purchase warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.5in">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Warrants</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Weighted Avg.</B></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>Exercise Price</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 46%">Warrants outstanding, January 1, 2015</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">5,692,087</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">0.36</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Warrants granted</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,796,667</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.20</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Warrants exercised</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(200,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.25</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Warrants cancelled</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(2,877,087</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">0.36</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD>Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2015</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">4,411,667</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.31</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Warrants granted</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">8,735,225</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.11</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Warrants exercised</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Warrants cancelled</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,700,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">0.30</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">11,446,892</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">0.15</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At December 31, 2016 the
price of the Company&rsquo;s common stock was $0.05 per share and the aggregate intrinsic value of the warrants outstanding was
$0. Future unamortized compensation expense on the unvested outstanding warrants at December 31, 2016 is approximately $3,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="10" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Outstanding Warrants</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exercisable Warrants</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Warrant</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Exercise Price</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Per Share</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Life</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">(Years)</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Weighted</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Average Exercise</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Price</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Weighted</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Average Exercise</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Price</P></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$ 0.10 - $ 0.99</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11,446,892</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.15</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11,346,892</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.15</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$ 1.00 - $ 1.99</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&ndash;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11,446,892</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.15</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">11,346,892</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.15</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Year Ending December 31, 2016</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In January through August 2016, pursuant to terms of convertible notes issued, the Company granted warrants to purchase 7,935,225 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.10 per share, vesting immediately upon grant and expiring one year from the date of grant. See Note 5 for further discussion.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In February through July 2016 the Company granted warrants to purchase 800,000 shares of common stock to consultants. The options are exercisable starting at $0.12 per share to $0.18 per share, 600,000 shares vested immediately and 200,000 shares over vest two years, and expire in one to three years from the date granted. The fair value of these warrants was computed using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model with the following assumptions: life of 1 year through 10 years; average stock price of $0.16 per share, average risk free interest rate of 0.82%; average volatility of 110% and dividend yield of 0%. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized an expense of $59,000 based on the fair value of warrants that vested.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In May 2016, the Company amended the terms of a warrant issued in 2015, extending the expiration date of the warrant by twelve months with no changes to the other terms of the original grant.  As a result, the Company recorded the incremental change in the fair value of this warrant before and after the date of the amendment of $32,000, computed using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model with the following assumptions: life of 1 year; stock price of $0.17 per share, average risk free interest rate of 0.81%; average volatility of 97% and dividend yield of 0%. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized an expense of $32,000 based on the fair value of the warrant as amended.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company amortized $1,000 of compensation cost based on the vesting of the warrants granted to employees, directors and consultants in prior years.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Year Ending December 31, 2015</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In January 2015, warrants to acquire 200,000 shares of common stock were exercised resulting in gross proceeds of $50,000.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In May through December 2015, pursuant to terms of convertible notes issued, the Company granted warrants to purchase 1,796,667 shares with exercise prices of $0.30 per share and $0.10 per share, vesting immediately upon grant and expiring one year from the date of grant. See Note 5 for further discussion.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company amortized $39,000 of compensation cost based on the vesting of the warrants granted to employees, directors and consultants in prior years.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>9.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Commitments and Contingencies</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are involved in certain
legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. Except for income tax contingencies, we
record accruals for contingencies to the extent that our management concludes that the occurrence is probable and that the related
amounts of loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred. There is
no current or pending litigation of any significance with the exception of the matters that have arisen under, and are being handled
in, the normal course of business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Leases</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On August 1, 2013, the
Company entered into a non-cancellable lease at a Santa Barbara Facility with a 5-year term, expiring July 31, 2018 at a monthly
rent of $6,000 as amended in February 2014. Effective May 1, 2016, the Company vacated the Santa Barbara Facility and subleased
the space through the term of the master lease, terminating July 31, 2018 at $4,500 per month. The Company subsequently terminated
both the master lease and sublease effective March 1, 2017 and as a result, the Company accrued $6,000 to account for the termination
fees in the Santa Barbara Facility lease agreement which is reflected in as part of Accounts Payable and accrued expense on the
accompanying consolidated balance sheet.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Effective June 1, 2016,
the Company relocated its Santa Barbara office to an office space located at 5266 Hollister Avenue, Suite 219, Santa Barbara, CA
93111, under a twelve-month lease at a lease rate of $751 per month.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Total rent expense during
the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, was $45,000 and $70,000, respectively which are included as part of Operating Expenses
in the attached consolidated statements of operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Contractual Commitments</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company&rsquo;s contractual
commitments for future periods, including office leases, minimum guaranteed compensation payments and other agreements as described
in the following table and associated footnotes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 72%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ending December 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Office Lease (1)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">License Agreements (2)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Compensation Agreements (3)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Total Obligations</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 12%; text-align: center">2017</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: right">4,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: right">536,300</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: right">727,800</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2018</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">598,400</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">785,900</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2019</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">149,600</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">373,100</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">2020</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">2021</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">4,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">937,500</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,284,300</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2,225,800</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">___________________</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists of rent for the Company&rsquo;s Santa Barbara Hollister office expiring on May 31, 2017.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 19px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists of license&nbsp;maintenance fees to Temple University in the amount of $187,500 paid annually through the life of the underlying patents or until otherwise terminated by either party.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0">Consists of base salary and certain contractually-provided benefits, to i) an executive officer, pursuant
to an employment agreement at a base annual salary of $290,000 through March 31, 2017 and severance in the amount of $580,000 that
will be paid through March 31, 2019 pursuant to a separation agreement effective April 1, 2017; ii) an executive officer, pursuant
to a two-year employment agreement effective April 1, 2017 at a base annual salary of $150,000 per year under a two-year contract
effective April 1, 2017; iii) an executive officer, pursuant to an employment agreement at a base annual salary of $158,400 per
year; and iv) and a severance agreement of a former officer in the amount of $15,000.</P>


</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>10.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 95%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Income Taxes</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company did not provide
any Federal and State income tax for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 due to the Company&rsquo;s net losses, other than
$800 for the minimum state tax provision which was reported as part of operating expense in the accompanying statements of operations.
A reconciliation of income taxes with the amounts computed at the statutory federal rate follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.5in">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 46%; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Computed tax provision (benefit) at federal statutory rate (34%)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">(593,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">(1,065,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">State income taxes, net of federal benefit (8.84%)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(154,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(277,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Valuation allowance</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">747,800</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,342,800</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Income tax provision</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">800</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">800</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The deferred tax assets
and deferred tax liabilities recorded on the balance sheet are as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.5in">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">December 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 46%; text-align: left">Net operating loss carry forwards</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">21,552,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">21,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Stock based compensation</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(181,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(299,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Non-cash interest and financing expenses</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(663,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(306,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Other temporary differences</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(81,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(151,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Valuation allowance</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(20,627,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(20,233,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total deferred taxes net of valuation allowance</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of December 31, 2016,
the Company had net operating losses available for carry forward for state and federal tax purposes of approximately $54 million
expiring through 2036. These carry forward benefits will be subject to annual limitations due to the ownership change limitations
imposed by the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. The annual limitation, if imposed, may result in the expiration
of net operating losses before utilization.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of December 31, 2016,
the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $20,627,000 for its deferred tax assets since the Company believes that such assets
did not meet the more likely than not criteria to be recoverable through projected future profitable operations in the foreseeable
future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Effective January 1, 2007,
the Company adopted FASB guidance that addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on
a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under this guidance, the Company may recognize the tax benefit from
an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing
authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a
position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate
settlement. The FASB also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, accounting
in interim periods and requires increased disclosures. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company does not have a liability
for unrecognized tax benefits.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company files income
tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and the state of California. The Company is subject to U.S. federal or state income
tax examinations by tax authorities for years after 2002. During the periods open to examination, the Company has net operating
loss and tax credit carry forwards for U.S. federal and state tax purposes that have attributes from closed periods. Since these
net operating losses and tax credit carry forwards may be utilized in future periods, they remain subject to examination. The Company&rsquo;s
policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax provisions as income tax expense. As of December 31, 2016, the Company
has no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The Company believes that it has not taken any uncertain
tax positions that would impact its consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>


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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 29px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>11.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Subsequent Events</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Grant of Stock Options </U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">The Company granted members of the Board
of Directors stock options to purchase a total of 6,500,000 shares of common stock. The stock options vest over one year, exercisable
at $0.05 and will expire in 10 years. Total fair value of the stock options amounted to $325,000 which will be expensed over its
vesting period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Agreements</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company executed
employment agreements effective April 1, 2017 with two officers of the Company. The agreements are for a period of two years and
will require payment of salary in the aggregate of $308,000 per year. In addition, the Company also granted these two officers
stock options to purchase a total of 3,250,000 shares of common stock. The stock options vest over a two-year period, exercisable
at a price range of $0.07 through $0.40 per share and will expire in 10 years. Total fair value of the stock options amounted to
$165,000 which will be expensed over its vesting period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company executed
a separation agreement and release effective April 1, 2017 with the Company&rsquo;s Chief Executive Officer (CEO). As part of the
agreement, the Company agreed to pay the CEO a total of $613,000 in equal installment basis over 24 months. In addition, the Company
also immediately vested the stock option granted to him in January 2017 to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common stock at $0.05 per
share. As a result of the modification, the Company will record stock compensation expense of $70,000 to account the fair value
of the modified options.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A member of the Company&rsquo;s
Board of Directors resigned effective April 1, 2017. In lieu of cash for Committee fees payable to the Director, the Company immediately
vested the stock option granted to him in January 2017 to purchase 1,500,000 shares of common stock at $0.05 per share. As a result
of the modification, the Company will record stock compensation expense of $105,000 to account the fair value of the modified options.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Issuance of Convertible Notes</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">From January 1, 2017
up to March 31, 2017, the Company issued convertible notes in aggregate of $248,600 in exchange for cash of $226,000. The notes
are unsecured, convertible into 4,972,000 shares in common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $0.05 per share and mature
in one year. In connection with these notes, the Company also issued warrants to purchase 2,486,000 shares of common stock of
the Company at an exercise price of $0.05 per share and expiring one year from the date of issuance. As a result, the Company
will record a note discount of $248,600 to account for the relative fair value of the warrants, the notes&rsquo; beneficial conversion
feature and original issue discount which will be amortized as interest expense over the life of the notes.</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>Conversion of Convertible Notes</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">From January 1, 2017 up
to March 22 2017, Company issued 1,181,400 shares of common stock upon conversion of previously issued convertible notes in aggregate
value of $59,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><B><U>AOT Testing Agreement</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In November 2016, the Company
executed an agreement with Cenovus FCCL Limited (&ldquo;Cenovus&rdquo;), a Canadian company, for the field testing of the Company&rsquo;s
AOT equipment at a fixed cost of $50,000. As the part of the agreement, Cenovus will pay the Company $25,000 in January 2017. The
balance of $25,000 will be due upon completion of the test analysis and final report. The field testing was performed in January
2017. Final analysis and test report is scheduled to be completed in April 2017. Upon completion of the field testing and collection
of the amount due, the Company will recognize the $50,000 as revenue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a32"></A><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>EXHIBITS</B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">

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    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Exhibit No.</U></B></FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Description</U></B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>10.122</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Jason Lane Employment Agreement effective April 1, 2017</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>10.123</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Michael McMullen Employment Agreement effective April 1, 2017</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP>10.124</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Bigger Separation Agreement effective April 1, 2017</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Annual Report Pursuant to Rule&nbsp;13(a)&mdash;15(e) or Rule&nbsp;15(d)&mdash;15(e).</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">31.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Annual Report Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section&nbsp;1350.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">32.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Annual Report pursuant to Rule&nbsp;13(a)&mdash;15(e) or Rule&nbsp;15(d)&mdash;15(e).</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">101.INS</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">XBRL Instance Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">101.SCH</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">XBRL Schema Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">101.CAL</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">101.DEF</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">XBRL Definition Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">101.LAB</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">XBRL Label Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">101.PRE</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.122
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>qsenergy_10k-ex10122.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
<TEXT>
<HTML>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Exhibit 10.122</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Employment Agreement
(&ldquo;Agreement&rdquo;) is entered into as of April 1, 2017 (the &ldquo;Effective Date&rdquo;), by and between QS Energy, Inc.
a Nevada corporation (&ldquo;Employer&rdquo;) and Jason Lane (&ldquo;Employee&rdquo;) (collectively, the &ldquo;Parties&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Employee desires to
set forth herein the terms and conditions pursuant to which he will agree to employment by Employer, and Employer desires by the
terms and conditions of this Agreement to agree to employ Employee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>AGREEMENT</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">NOW, THEREFORE, in
consideration of the promises and the mutual covenants hereinafter set forth, the Parties agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Employment</U>.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">1.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Acceptance
of Employment</U>.</B> Effective the Effective Date, Employer agrees to employ Employee, and Employee agrees to employment
with Employer, on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">1.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Duties and Powers</U>.</B> Employee shall serve as the Company&rsquo;s Chief Executive Officer (CEO), and in such capacity
shall be one of the Company&rsquo;s senior executive officers. Employee&rsquo;s duties shall be consistent with such position,
including bringing capital in to the Company. In carrying out his duties, Employee shall use Employee&rsquo;s best efforts, skills,
judgment, and abilities, and shall at all times promote the Company&rsquo;s interest and perform and discharge well and faithfully,
those duties. In addition, Employee shall abide by all of the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (&ldquo;SEC&rdquo;),
and adhere to the policies and requests of the Company with respect thereto, as the same may exist from time to time, applicable
to executive officers of public companies. Employee shall perform or do all such duties, services, acts or things necessary or
advisable at the direction of Employer and subject at all times to the policies set by the Board of Directors of the Employer (the
&ldquo;Services&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">1.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Supervision</U>.</B> Employee shall report to the Board of Directors of the Employer in connection with the performance of
his duties hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">1.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Location</U>.</B> Executive shall perform his duties at Employer&rsquo;s offices located at ______________________________________________________________________,
or at such other location as directed by Employer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">1.5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Hours of Employment</U>.</B> Employee shall devote his full energies, abilities and productive time to the performance of
his duties, which is expected to be, on average, not less than 40 hours each week.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Confidential Information</U>.</B> Employee hereby acknowledges that, during and solely as a result of his employment by Employer,
he will have access to confidential information and business and professional contacts. Employee hereby agrees as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">2.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Definition</U>.</B> &ldquo;Confidential Information&rdquo; shall mean any information, tangible or intangible, relating to
the business of Employer and its affiliated companies, and their products, finances, budgets, methods, policies, procedures, business,
plans, computer or other data, techniques, designs, research or development projects or results, customers or clients, employees,
trade secrets, intellectual property, or other knowledge or processes of or developed by Employer and its affiliated companies,
and any other confidential information relating to or dealing with the businesses of Employer and its affiliated companies, made
known to Employee or learned or acquired by Employee while in the employ of Employer, but Confidential Information shall not include
information lawfully known generally by or readily accessible to the trade or the general public.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">2.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Use</U>.</B> During the Term (defined below), Employee shall use and disclose Confidential Information only for the benefit
of Employer and only as necessary to carry out Employee&rsquo;s responsibilities under this Agreement. After the Term, Employee
shall not, directly or indirectly, disclose to any person or entity, or use for the direct or indirect benefit of any person or
entity, any Confidential Information, without the express written permission of Employer. At no time shall Employee, directly or
indirectly, remove or cause to be removed from the premises of Employer any Confidential Information (including copies, extracts
and summaries thereof) except in furtherance of the performance of Employee&rsquo;s duties hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">2.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Proprietary Interests</U>.</B> Employee acknowledges and agrees that all Confidential Information, whether developed by him
or others, is and will remain the sole and exclusive property of Employer. Employee further recognizes and agrees that all work
performed or work product developed by him in the course of his employment with Employer is and shall remain the sole and exclusive
property of Employer. Employee hereby assigns to Employer any rights Employee may have or acquire in such Confidential Information
and agrees to sign any additional document(s) that Employer may determine is/are necessary to effectuate such assignment. This
Agreement does not apply to an invention by Employee that qualifies as a nonassignable invention under Section 2870 of the California
Labor Code.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">2.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Return of Confidential Information</U>.</B> Upon the termination of Employee&rsquo;s employment with Employer for any reason,
or at the request of Employer before, at or after termination, Employee will promptly deliver to Employer all records, files, memoranda,
documents, lists and other information containing any Confidential Information, including all copies or summaries thereof, in Employee&rsquo;s
possession or control, whether prepared by Employee or others. Should Employee discover such items in his possession after his
separation and departure from employment with Employer, he agrees to return them promptly to Employer without retaining copies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Term of Employment</U>.</B> Subject to earlier termination as provided herein, Employee hereby agrees to continue to be employed
by Employer for a term of two (2) years (&ldquo;Term&rdquo;) beginning on the Effective Date of this Agreement, and Employer hereby
agrees to employ Employee during such Term.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Compensation</U>.</B> In consideration for the performance of Employee&rsquo;s duties and the rendition by Employee of the
Services to be provided under this Agreement, and in consideration of Employee&rsquo;s agreement to continue his Employment with
Employer, Employer shall compensate Employee as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">4.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Base Salary</U>.</B> Throughout the Term, Employer shall pay Employee an annual base salary (&ldquo;Base Salary&rdquo;) of
One Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($150,000). All Base Salary shall be payable ratably in bi-weekly installments, or more or less
often in accordance with Employer&rsquo;s standard payroll practices in effect from time to time, net of all amounts required to
be withheld by Employer for taxes imposed on Employee pursuant to all applicable laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">4.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Options</U>.</B> As an inducement to Employee to agree to his employment with Employer pursuant to the terms and conditions
of this Agreement, Employer agrees to issue to Employee options to purchase 3,000,000 shares of restricted common stock of the
Company (the &ldquo;Options&rdquo;) The Options shall vest pursuant to a two (2) year vesting schedule, as follows: 500,000 of
the Options at $0.15 per share and 500,000 of the Options at $0.25 per share, shall vest twelve (12) months from the date hereof,
and thereafter 1,000,000 of the Options at $0.30 per share and 1,000,000 of the Options at $0.40 per share, shall vest on the two
year anniversary of the date hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if this Agreement is terminated for any reason, except for
termination by Employer Without Cause (defined below), all unvested Options shall terminate and be of no force or effect. The Options
shall expire ten (10) years from the date hereof, and shall be of no force or effect thereafter. In connection with Employee&rsquo;s
agreement to accept the Options hereunder, Employee agrees and acknowledges the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(i)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Employee is aware of Employer&rsquo;s business affairs and financial condition, and has been advised
to review Employer&rsquo;s SEC filings, which may be accessed online at www.sec.gov. Employee has had an opportunity to ask questions
and receive answers from Employer regarding its business and the Options.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(ii)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Employee acknowledges that the acceptance of the Options involves a high degree of risk, and that
the stock to be issued in connection therewith may need to be held for an indefinite period of time.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(iii)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Employee acknowledges that he is acquiring the Options for his personal account, for investment
purposes only, and not with a view to or for resale in connection with any distribution of the Options. Employee also understands
that the Options and the shares to be issued in connection with the Options will not be registered under federal or state securities
laws by reason of specific exemptions thereunder.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(iv)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Employee understands that the Options to be issued and shares to be issued in connection therewith
are &ldquo;restricted securities&rdquo; under applicable federal securities laws and that Employee may dispose of the shares only
pursuant to an effective registration statement under federal securities laws or exemption therefrom.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">4.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Bonus</U>.</B> Employee shall be eligible to receive bonus compensation based upon achievement of certain Company goals and
Executive&rsquo;s performance (&ldquo;Bonus Compensation&rdquo;). Notwithstanding the terms of this Section 4.3, if this Agreement
is terminated for any reason prior to the completion of the Term, except for termination by Employer Without Cause (defined below),
Employee shall no longer be entitled to any further Bonus Compensation otherwise payable following termination by Employer for
any reason except for Without Cause. Employer will award Bonus Compensation to Employee as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(i)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">For any lease-based contracts for Employer&rsquo;s AOT Technology, sourced by Employee for Employer,
Employee shall receive eight percent (8%) of gross cash flow for eligible contracts signed by the Employer in the first year of
the Term, and six percent (6%) of gross cash flow for eligible contracts signed by Employer in the second year of the Term. Any
payments due to Employee under this Section 4.3(i) shall be made to Employee on a quarterly basis for so long as the lease contract
shall remain in effect.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(ii)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">For any AOT Technology sales or other non-lease contracts sourced by Employee for Employer during
the Term, Employee shall receive a one-time payment of ten percent (10%) of the net profit of the sale or contract. Any payments
due to Employee under this Section 4.3(ii) shall be made with sixty (60) days of receipt of the monies by Employer under the terms
of the sale or contract.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">4.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<B><U>Reimbursement of Expenses</U>.</B> Employer agrees to pay, or promptly to reimburse, Employee for all reasonable out-of-pocket
business expenses incurred by Employee in connection with the performance of his duties hereunder, including business-related entertainment
expenses, travel expenses, food and lodging while away from home, all subject to such reasonable policies as Employer may from
time to time determine. Employee agrees that prior to incurring any expense or debt on behalf of Employer, Employee shall comply
with such approval policies and procedures as Employer establishes from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">4.5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Health Benefits</U>. </B>Employee shall be eligible to receive monthly health benefits, including payment of health insurance
premiums, in an amount not to exceed $888.00 per month. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement, the Employee may
elect to participate in, and apply this health benefits allocation to, any group health insurance plan which may be offered to
employees of the Company. If the Employee elects not to participate in such group health insurance plan, the Employee shall be
paid on the last day of each month during the Term the lesser of (i) $888.00 and (ii) the sums paid by the Executive in connection
with maintain private health insurance for the Executive.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Other Benefits</U>.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">5.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>General</U>.</B> In addition to any specific benefits herein granted to Employee, Employee shall be entitled to participate
in all benefit programs, if any, such as pension or retirement plans, profit-sharing plans, life insurance, and any other plans
or benefits, that Employer provides from time to time to its employees, subject to the terms and conditions of Employer&rsquo;s
policies and benefit plans.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">5.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Vacation</U>.</B> For work performed, Employee shall earn paid vacation at the rate of two (2) weeks for each calendar year,
or prorated portion thereof, as applicable, of his employment. Any vacation time not taken in the year during which it accrues
shall cumulate until taken, up to a maximum of four (4) weeks. Once the maximum accrual amount is reached, no further vacation
time shall be earned until some vacation is used, and the amount of accrued vacation falls below the permitted maximum. Vacations
shall be taken at a time and for a period reasonably convenient to Employer. Except as provided herein, vacation shall be governed
by Employer&rsquo;s standard policy on vacation for all full time employees.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">5.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Illness</U>.</B> Employee shall be entitled to six (6) days per year as sick leave with full pay. Sick leave may not be cumulated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Termination of Employment by Employer</U>.</B> Employer may terminate Employee&rsquo;s employment only for the following
reasons:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">6.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Death</U>.</B> Upon the death of the Employee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">6.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Disability</U>.</B> After any disability that prevents Employee from fulfilling the essential duties of his position for
more than three (3) consecutive months, unless otherwise required by law. It is understood and agreed that Employee will, during
the three (3) month period, be provided all vacation time, sick leave and benefits, and any reasonable accommodations that are
legally required, and will also be provided during the three (3) month period, subject to Section 7, below, all Base Salary. As
used herein, the term &ldquo;disability&rdquo; means an illness, injury or similar incapacity of Employee, including, without limitation,
physical or mental incompetence, by reason of which Employee is rendered substantially unable to perform his duties hereunder during
any consecutive three (3) month period. Employee agrees first to submit to a medical examination by a physician or health care
provider selected and paid for by Employer, and any follow up examinations that may be reasonably necessary, solely for the purpose
of determining the issue of disability. Thereafter, any dispute as to Employee&rsquo;s disability shall be determined by arbitration
pursuant to Section 8.5 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">6.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>For Cause</U>.</B> As used herein, &ldquo;Cause&rdquo; for termination shall mean Employee&rsquo;s employment is terminated
because Employee has: (a) committed any act or omission constituting a material breach of this Agreement; (b) engaged in gross
negligence or willful misconduct in connecition with the Company&rsquo;s business; (c) been convicted of, or plead guilty or <I>nolo
contender </I>in connection with, fraud or any crime that constitutes a felony or that involves moral turpitude or theft; (d) has
committed any intentional act of embezzlement, theft, misappropriation of Employer&rsquo;s funds, dishonesty, fraud or unauthorized
use of Employer&rsquo;s funds or property; or (e) undertaken any act injurious to the Company&rsquo;s business, including insubordination
or failure to follow a directive of the Employer&rsquo;s Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">6.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Without Cause</U>.</B> As used herein, &ldquo;Without Cause&rdquo; shall mean any termination by Employer, except for termination
for Cause, death or disability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Effect of Termination</U>.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">7.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Termination Due to Death or Disability</U>.</B> If Employee&rsquo;s employment is terminated pursuant to any of Section 6.1
or 6.2 hereof, Employee (or his estate) shall be entitled only to his Base Salary, all earned but unpaid Bonus Compensation, and
all compensation attributable to accrued but unused vacation and sick leave, prorated up through the date of such termination.
Subject to Section 8.6, as applicable, all other rights and obligations of Employer to Employee and Employee to Employer under
this Agreement shall be completely extinguished.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt">&nbsp;</DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">7.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Termination For Cause.</U></B> If Employee&rsquo;s employment is terminated pursuant to Section 6.3 (for Cause), Employee
shall be entitled only to his Base Salary and all compensation attributable to accrued but unused vacation and sick leave, prorated
through the date of termination for Cause. Subject to Section 8.6, as applicable, all other rights and obligations of Employer
to Employee and Employee to Employer under this Agreement shall be completely extinguished.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">7.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Employee&rsquo;s Resignation</U>.</B> In the event Employee resigns from employment prior to the end of the Term of this
Agreement for any reason, Employee shall be entitled only to his Base Salary, all earned but unpaid Bonus Compensation, and all
compensation attributable to accrued but unused vacation and sick leave, prorated through the last day of employment. Subject to
Section 8.6, as applicable, all other rights and obligations of Employer to Employee and Employee to Employer under this Agreement
shall be completely extinguished.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">7.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Without Cause</U>.</B> If Employee&rsquo;s employment is terminated Without Cause, Employer shall be obligated to pay Employee
his Base Salary through the date of expiration of the Term, all earned but unpaid Bonus Compensation, and all compensation attributable
to accrued but unused vacation and sick leave, prorated up through the date of termination. Subject to the terms of Section 4.2,
all unvested Options shall immediately vest.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Miscellaneous</U>.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">8.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Captions</U>.</B> The captions of the sections hereof are included for convenience only and shall not affect the construction
or interpretation of any provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">8.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Notices</U>.</B> All notices, requests, demands, consents, approvals and other communications required or permitted under
this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed given upon receipt if delivered personally or by courier, by fax (if a fax
number is indicated and confirmation of the transmission is received by the sender) or three days after being mailed, certified
or registered, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, to the party to whom the same is so delivered or mailed, as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; width: 10%">8.2.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; width: 35%">If to Employer:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 35%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">QS Energy, Inc.</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Attn:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">Michael McMullen,
CFO</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">8.2.2</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">If to Employee:</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">JASON LANE</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">or to such other address or fax number
as any of the above shall have specified by notice duly given hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">8.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Severability</U>.</B> Should any provisions or portion of this Agreement be held unenforceable or invalid for any reason
by an arbitrator or court of competent jurisdiction, that provision shall be deemed modified to the extent necessary to allow enforceability
of the provision as so limited, it being the intention of the parties that they should receive the benefits contemplated by this
Agreement to the fullest extent permitted by law. If a deemed modification is not satisfactory in the judgment of the arbitrator
or court, the provision shall be deemed deleted and the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions and portions of
this Agreement shall be unaffected by such holding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">8.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Waivers</U>.</B> Neither party hereto shall be deemed as a consequence of any act, delay, failure, omission, forbearance
or other indulgences granted from time to time by the other party hereto: (a) to have waived, or to be estopped from exercising,
any of its rights or remedies under this Agreement; or (b) to have modified, changed, amended, terminated, rescinded, or superseded
any of the terms of this Agreement, unless such waiver modification, etc. is expressed, in writing and signed by the party that
is to be bound thereby. No single or partial exercise by either party hereto of any right or remedy will preclude any other or
further exercise thereof or preclude the exercise of any other right or remedy, and a waiver expressly made in writing on one occasion
will be effective only in that specific instance and only for the precise purpose for which given, and will not be construed as
a consent to or a waiver of any right or remedy on any future occasion or a waiver of any right or remedy against the other party.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">8.5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Arbitration</U>.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">8.5.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Arbitrable Claims</U>.</B> To the fullest extent permitted by law, all disputes between Employee (and his heirs and assigns)
and Employer relating in any manner whatsoever to the employment or termination of Employee by Employer, including, without limitation,
all disputes arising under this Agreement (&ldquo;Arbitrable Claims&rdquo;), shall be resolved by arbitration. Arbitrable Claims
shall include, but are not limited to, contract (express or implied) and tort claims of all kinds, as well as all claims based
on any federal, state or local law, statute or regulation, to the fullest extent permitted by law and excepting claims under applicable
workers&rsquo; compensation law and unemployment insurance claims.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">8.5.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Procedure</U>.</B> Arbitration of Arbitrable Claims shall be in accordance with the then current National Rules for the Resolution
of Employment Disputes of the American Arbitration Association, as amended (&ldquo;AAA Employment Rules&rdquo;), as augmented in
this Agreement. Arbitration shall be initiated as provided by the AAA Employment Rules, although the written notice to the other
party initiating arbitration shall also include a statement of the claim(s) asserted and the facts upon which the claim(s) are
based. The Arbitration shall be final and binding upon the parties and shall be the exclusive remedy for all Arbitrable Claims.
Either party may bring an action in court to compel arbitration under this Agreement and to enforce an arbitration award. Otherwise,
neither party shall initiate or prosecute any lawsuit or administrative action in any way related to any Arbitrable Claim. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, either party may, at its option, seek injunctive relief pursuant to section 1281.8 of the California Code of Civil
Procedure. All arbitration hearings under this Agreement shall be conducted in Los Angeles County, California. THE PARTIES HEREBY
WAIVE ANY RIGHTS THEY MAY HAVE TO TRIAL BY JURY IN REGARD TO ARBITRABLE CLAIMS, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL
BY JURY AS TO THE MAKING, EXISTENCE, VALIDITY OR ENFORCEABILITY OF THE AGREEMENT TO ARBITRATE.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">8.5.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Arbitrator Selection and Authority</U>.</B> All disputes involving Arbitrable Claims shall be decided by a single arbitrator.
The arbitrator shall be selected by mutual agreement of the parties within thirty (30) days of the effective date of the notice
initiating the arbitration. If the parties cannot agree on an arbitrator, then the complaining party shall notify the AAA and request
selection of an arbitrator in accordance with AAA Employment Rules. The arbitrator shall have authority to award equitable relief,
damages, costs and fees to the same extent that, but not greater than, a state or federal district court in California would have.
The fees of the arbitrator shall be split between both parties equally, unless this would render this Section of Arbitration unenforceable,
in which case the arbitrator shall apportion said fees and any statutory remedies so as to preserve enforceability. The arbitrator
shall have exclusive authority to resolve all Arbitrable Claims, including, but not limited to, whether any particular claim is
arbitrable and whether all or any part of this Agreement is void or unenforceable. Upon completion of the arbitration proceedings,
the arbitrator shall issue a written report to both parties which reveals the essential findings and conclusions upon which any
award was based.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">8.6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Continuing Obligations</U>.</B> The rights and obligations of Employee and Employer set forth in Section 2 and subparts (Confidential
Information), Section 4 and subparts (Compensation), Section 7 and subparts (Effect of Termination) and Section 8 and subparts
(including Arbitration and other Miscellaneous provisions) and any other provision which by its terms are intended to continue
shall survive the termination of Employee&rsquo;s employment and the expiration of this Agreement to the extent reasonably necessary
to enforce the terms of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">8.7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Attorney&rsquo;s Fees</U>.</B> In the event that either of the parties hereto (or any successor thereto) resorts to legal
action, including arbitration, in order to enforce, defend or interpret any of the terms or the provisions of this Agreement, the
prevailing party shall be entitled to an award of reasonable attorneys fees if otherwise provided by law and the arbitrator determines
such an award is warranted. In addition, when attorneys fees are awarded by the arbitrator, the prevailing party shall be entitled
to recover from the non-prevailing party post-judgment attorneys&rsquo; fees incurred by the prevailing party in enforcing a judgment
against the non-prevailing party. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the provisions of the preceding sentence
are intended to be severable from the balance of this Agreement, shall survive any judgment rendered in connection with the aforesaid
legal action, and shall not be merged into any such judgment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">8.8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Entire Agreement; Amendment</U>.</B> This Agreement embodies the entire agreement and understanding of the parties hereto
with respect to the subject matter herein and supercedes all prior or contemporaneous oral or written understandings and agreements
of the Parties. This Agreement cannot be amended or terminated orally, but only by a writing duly executed by the parties hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">8.9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><U>Applicable Law</U>.</B> This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the internal
laws of the state of California.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the Parties have executed this Agreement as of the Effective Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48%; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 52%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;EMPLOYER&rdquo;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">QS ENERGY, INC.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ MICHAEL MCMULLEN</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Michael McMullen, CFO</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;EMPLOYEE&rdquo;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ JASON LANE</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jason Lane</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.123
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>qsenergy_10k-ex10123.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: left"><B>Exhibit 10.123</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Employment Agreement
(&ldquo;Agreement&rdquo;) is entered into as of April 1, 2017 (the &ldquo;Effective Date&rdquo;), by and between QS Energy, Inc.,
a Nevada corporation (&ldquo;Employer&rdquo; or &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) and Michael&nbsp;McMullen (&ldquo;Employee&rdquo;) (collectively,
the &ldquo;Parties&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Employee desires to
set forth herein the terms and conditions pursuant to which he will agree to continued employment by Employer, and Employer desires
by the terms and conditions of this Agreement to agree to continue to employ Employee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AGREEMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the
promises and the mutual covenants hereinafter set forth, the Parties agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">1.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Prior Agreements.</U></B> This Agreement supersedes and replaces any written or oral employment
or consulting agreements between the Parties effective prior to Effective Date (&ldquo;Prior Agreements&rdquo;) in their entirety,
if any, it being expressly agreed and understood that any Prior Agreements are hereby terminated and cancelled and of no further
force or effect, and that all obligations thereunder have been satisfied in full by the Parties.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">2.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Employment.</U></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">2.1.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Acceptance of Employment.</U></B> As of the Effective Date, Employer agrees to continue to
employ Employee, and Employee agrees to continued employment with Employer, on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">2.2.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Position and Title.</U></B> Employer hereby hires Employee to serve as Chief Financial Officer
of the Company.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">2.3.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Duties and Powers.</U></B> Employee shall perform his duties as Chief Financial Officer of
the Company pursuant to this Agreement in compliance with applicable law and consistent with such budgets, policies and procedures
as the Company's Board of Directors adopts and modifies from time to time. Subject to directions from the Chief Executive Officer
and to the power and authority of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors to govern the affairs of the Company, Employee shall have
full authority and responsibility for supervising and managing the financial affairs of the Company, including (i) preparing and
delivering to the Board of Directors accurate financial statements at such time and with such detail as the Board of Directors
may request, (ii) supervising the Company's engagement of and relationship with its independent certified public accountants, (iii)
supervising the Company's collection of receivables, deposit of funds, and payment of expenses, (iv) preparing such forecasts as
the Company's Chief Executive Officer or Board of Directors may request, (v) ensuring that the Company's financial affairs are
conducted in compliance with applicable law, (vi) with the Company&rsquo;s Chief Executive Officer and the Board, leading capital
raising efforts for the Company as well as providing such due diligence and other material that the Company&rsquo;s Chief Executive
Officer or Board may require in support of their respective capital raising efforts; and (vii) exercising such other authority
and responsibility as the Company's Chief Executive Officer may delegate to Employee from time to time; together these duties are
herein referred to as the &ldquo;Services.&rdquo;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">2.4.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Supervision.</U></B> Employee shall report to the Company's Chief Executive Officer or his
designee.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">2.5.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Work Location.</U></B> Executive shall perform his duties at Employer&rsquo;s offices located
in the city of Tiburon, California. Employee acknowledges and agrees that from time to time he shall be required to travel (at
the cost and expense of the Company) to other locations outside of Tiburon, California, in order to discharge his duties under
this Agreement.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">2.6.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Relocation.</U></B> As used herein, Relocation shall mean relocation of Work Location to
a location more ten (10) miles outside of Work Location described in Section 2.5 above.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">2.7.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Business Time.</U></B> Employee shall devote his abilities and business time to the performance
of his duties, on average, not less than 32 hours each week.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">3.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Confidential Information.</U></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">3.1.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Employee hereby acknowledges that, during and solely as a result of his employment by Employer,
he will have access to confidential information and business and professional contacts. Employee hereby agrees as follows:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 36pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 31.5pt">3.1.1.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Definition</U>. </B>&ldquo;Confidential Information&rdquo; shall mean any information, tangible
or intangible, relating to the business of Employer and its affiliated companies, and their products, finances, budgets, methods,
policies, procedures, business, plans, computer or other data, techniques, research or development projects or results, customers
or clients, employees, trade secrets, or other knowledge or processes of or developed by Employer and its affiliated companies,
and any other confidential information relating to or dealing with the businesses of Employer and its affiliated companies, made
known to Employee or learned or acquired by Employee while in the employ of Employer, but Confidential Information shall not include
information lawfully known generally by or readily accessible to the trade or the general public.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 36pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 31.5pt">3.1.2.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Use.</U></B> During the Term of employment (defined below), Employee shall use and disclose
Confidential Information only for the benefit of Employer and only as necessary to carry out Employee&rsquo;s responsibilities
under this Agreement. After the Term of employment, Employee shall not directly or indirectly, disclose to any person or entity,
or use for the direct or indirect benefit of any person or entity, any Confidential Information, without the express written permission
of Employer. At no time shall Employee, directly or indirectly, remove or cause to be removed from the premises of Employer any
Confidential Information (including copies, extracts and summaries thereof) except in furtherance of the performance of Employee&rsquo;s
duties hereunder.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 36pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 31.5pt">3.1.3.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Proprietary Interests.</U></B> Employee acknowledges and agrees that all Confidential Information,
whether developed by him or others, is and will remain the sole and exclusive property of Employer. Employee further recognizes
and agrees that all work performed or work product developed by him in the course of his employment with Employer is and shall
remain the sole and exclusive property of Employer. Employee hereby assigns to Employer any rights Employee may have or acquire
in such Confidential Information and agrees to sign any additional document(s) that Employer may determine is/are necessary to
effectuate such assignment. This Agreement does not apply to an invention by Employee that qualifies as a nonassignable invention
under Section 2870 of the California Labor Code.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 36pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 31.5pt">3.1.4.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Return of Confidential Information.</U></B> Upon the termination of Employee&rsquo;s employment
with Employer for any reason, or at the request of Employer before, at or after termination, Employee will promptly deliver to
Employer all records, files, memoranda, documents, lists and other information containing any Confidential Information, including
all copies or summaries thereof, in Employee&rsquo;s possession or control, whether prepared by Employee or others. Should Employee
discover such items in his possession after his separation and departure from employment with Employer, he agrees to return them
promptly to Employer without retaining copies.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">4.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Term of Employment.</U></B> Subject to earlier termination as provided herein, Employee hereby
agrees to continue to be employed by Employer for a term of two (2) years (&ldquo;Term&rdquo;) beginning on the Effective Date
of this Agreement, and Employer hereby agrees to employ Employee during such Term.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">5.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Compensation.</U></B> In consideration for the performance of Employee&rsquo;s duties and
the rendition by Employee of the services to be provided under this Agreement, and in consideration of Employee&rsquo;s agreement
to continue his Employment with Employer, Employer shall compensate Employee as follows:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">5.1.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Base Salary.</U></B> Throughout the Term of employment, Employer shall pay Employee an annual
base salary (&ldquo;Base Salary&rdquo;) of One Hundred Fifty-Eight Thousand Four Hundred Dollars ($158,400).</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">5.2.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Stock Options.</U></B> As an inducement to Employee to agree to his employment with Employer
pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Employer agrees to issue to Employee an option to purchase 250,000 shares
of restricted common stock of the Company at a per-share exercise price equal to the stock price listed on the OTCBB market at
market close on the Effective Date of this Agreement (the &ldquo;Options&rdquo;). The Options shall vest pursuant to a one (1)
year vesting schedule, as follows: fifty percent (50%) of the Options, i.e., 125,000 shares, shall vest immediately upon the Effective
Date of this Agreement, and thereafter the remaining fifty percent (50%) of the Options shall vest upon the first anniversary of
the Effective Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if this Agreement is terminated for any reason, except for termination by Employer
Without Cause (defined below), all unvested Options shall terminate and be of no force or effect. The Options shall expire ten
(10) years from the Effective Date, and shall be of no force or effect thereafter. In connection with Employee&rsquo;s agreement
to accept the Options hereunder. Employee agrees and acknowledges the following:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">5.2.1.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Employee is aware of Employer&rsquo;s business affairs and financial condition, and has been advised
to review Employer&rsquo;s SEC filings, which may be accessed online at www.sec.gov. Employee has had an opportunity to ask questions
and receive answers from Employer regarding its business and the Options.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">5.2.2.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Employee acknowledges that the acceptance of the Options involves a high degree of risk, and that
the stock to be issued in connection therewith may need to be held for an indefinite period of time.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">5.2.3.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Employee acknowledges that he is acquiring the Options shares for his personal account, for investment
purposes only, and not with a view to or for resale in connection with any distribution of the Options. Employee also understands
that the shares to be issued in connection with the Options will not be registered under federal or state securities laws by reason
of specific exemptions thereunder.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">5.2.4.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Employee understands that the Options to be issued and shares to be issued in connection therewith
are &ldquo;restricted securities&rdquo; under applicable federal securities laws and that Employee may dispose of the shares only
pursuant to an effective registration statement under federal securities laws or exemption therefrom.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">5.3.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Manner of Payment.</U></B> All Base Salary shall be payable ratably in bi-weekly installments,
or more or less often in accordance with Employer&rsquo;s standard payroll practices in effect from time to time, net of all amounts
required to be withheld by Employer for taxes imposed on Employee pursuant to all applicable laws.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">5.4.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Reimbursement of Expenses.</U></B> Employer agrees to pay, or promptly to reimburse, Employee
for all reasonable out-of-pocket business expenses incurred by Employee in connection with the performance of his duties hereunder,
including business-related entertainment expenses, travel expenses, food and lodging while away from home, all subject to such
reasonable policies as Employer may from time to time determine. Employee agrees that prior to incurring any expense or debt on
behalf of Employer, Employee shall comply with such approval policies and procedures as Employer establishes from time to time.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">6.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Other Benefits.</U></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">6.1.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>General.</U></B> Employer shall provide medical insurance and dental insurance benefits,
unless participation in such medical insurance and/or dental insurance benefits is waived by Employee. In addition, Employee shall
be entitled to participate in all other benefit programs, if any, such as pension or retirement plans, profit-sharing plans, life
insurance, and any other plans or benefits, that Employer provides from time to time to its employees, subject to the terms and
conditions of Employer&rsquo;s policies and benefit plans.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">6.2.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Vacation.</U></B> Employee shall accrue paid vacation in each period of twelve (12) consecutive
months of employment during the term of this Agreement in accordance with the terms of the Company's vacation accrual policies
and limits.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">6.3.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Illness.</U></B> Employee shall be entitled to five (5) days per year as sick leave or personal
choice with full pay. Sick leave may not be cumulated.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">7.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Termination of Employment by Employer.</U></B> Employer may terminate Employee&rsquo;s employment
only for the following reasons:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">7.1.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Death.</U></B> Upon the death of the Employee.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">7.2.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Disability.</U></B> As used herein, Disability or Disabled shall mean that Employee either
(i) is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity due to physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result
in death or to last for a continuous period of twelve (12) months or more, or (ii) is, by reason of any medically determinable
physical mental impairment which can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve (12) months, receiving
income replacement benefits for a period of not less than three months under an accident and health plan sponsored by the Company.
Employee covenants and agrees to submit to a reasonable physical examination by such licensed medical doctor for the purpose of
evaluating whether Employee is Disabled.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">7.3.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Cause.</U></B> As used herein, Cause shall mean (i) the willful failure by Employee to substantially
perform his duties with the Company (other than any such failure resulting from Employee's incapacity due to physical or mental
illness), (ii) the willful engaging by Employee in conduct which is demonstrably and materially injurious to the Company, monetarily
or otherwise, (iii) Employee's conviction of, or plea of nolo contendere to, a felony or a crime involving moral turpitude, or
(iv) Employee's gross misconduct.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">7.4.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Without Cause.</U></B> As used herein, Without Cause shall mean any termination by Employer,
except for termination for Cause, Death or Disability.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">8.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Effect of Termination. </U></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">8.1.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Termination Due to Death or Disability.</U></B> If Employee&rsquo;s employment is terminated
pursuant to any of Section 7.1 or 7.2 hereof, Employee (or his estate) shall be entitled only to his Base Salary, and all compensation
attributable to accrued but unused vacation and sick leave, prorated up through the date of such termination. Subject to Section
9.6, as applicable, all other rights and obligations of Employer to Employee and Employee to Employer under this Agreement shall
be completely extinguished.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">8.2.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Termination For Cause.</U></B> If Employee&rsquo;s employment is terminated pursuant to Section
7.3 (for Cause), Employee shall be entitled only to his Base Salary and all compensation attributable to accrued but unused vacation
and sick leave, prorated through the date of termination for Cause. Subject to Section 9.6, as applicable, all other rights and
obligations of Employer to Employee and Employee to Employer under this Agreement shall be completely extinguished.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">8.3.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Employee&rsquo;s Resignation.</U></B> In the event Employee resigns from employment prior
to the end of the Term of this Agreement for any reason, Employee shall be entitled only to his Base Salary and all compensation
attributable to accrued but unused vacation and sick leave, prorated through the last day of employment. Subject to Section 9.6,
as applicable, all other rights and obligations of Employer to Employee and Employee to Employer under this Agreement shall be
completely extinguished.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">8.4.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Without Cause.</U></B> As used herein, Without Cause shall mean any termination by Employer,
except for termination for Cause, Death or Disability. Relocation as defined in Section 2.6 without Employee&rsquo;s consent will
constitute termination Without Cause. If Employee&rsquo;s employment is terminated Without Cause, Employer shall be obligated to
pay Employee his Base Salary through the date of expiration of the Term, and all compensation attributable to accrued but unused
vacation and sick leave, prorated up through the date of termination, and continue to provide full benefits through the date of
termination.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">9.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Miscellaneous.</U></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">9.1.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Captions.</U></B> The captions of the sections hereof are included for convenience only and
shall not affect the construction or interpretation of any provisions hereof.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">9.2.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Notices.</U></B> All notices, requests, demands, consents, approvals and other communications
required or permitted under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed given upon receipt if delivered personally or
by courier, or three days after being mailed, certified or registered, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, to the party
to whom the same is so delivered or mailed, as follows:</TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 9%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 44%">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If to Employer:</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 16.7pt; text-align: justify">QS Energy, Inc.</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 16.7pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 16.7pt; text-align: justify">____________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 16.7pt; text-align: justify">____________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 16.7pt; text-align: justify">____________________</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 47%">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If to Employee:</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 16.7pt; text-align: justify">Michael McMullen</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 16.7pt; text-align: justify">____________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 16.7pt; text-align: justify">____________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 16.7pt; text-align: justify">____________________</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 40.5pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 40.5pt; text-align: justify">or to such other address as
any of the above shall have specified by notice duly given hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">9.3.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Severability.</U></B> Should any provisions or portion of this Agreement be held unenforceable
or invalid for any reason by an arbitrator or court of competent jurisdiction, that provision shall be deemed modified to the extent
necessary to allow enforceability of the provision as so limited, it being the intention of the parties that they should receive
the benefits contemplated by this Agreement to the fullest extent permitted by law. If a deemed modification is not satisfactory
in the judgment of the arbitrator or court, the provision shall be deemed deleted and the validity and enforceability of the remaining
provisions and portions of this Agreement shall be unaffected by such holding.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">9.4.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Waivers.</U></B> Neither party hereto shall be deemed as a consequence of any act, delay,
failure, omission, forbearance or other indulgences granted from time to time by the other party hereto: (a) to have waived, or
to be estopped from exercising, any of its rights or remedies under this Agreement; or (b) to have modified, changed, amended,
terminated, rescinded, or superseded any of the terms of this Agreement, unless such waiver modification, etc. is expressed, in
writing and signed by the party that is to be bound thereby. No single or partial exercise by either party hereto of any right
or remedy will preclude any other or further exercise thereof or preclude the exercise of any other right or remedy, and a waiver
expressly made in writing on one occasion will be effective only in that specific instance and only for the precise purpose for
which given, and will not be construed as a consent to or a waiver of any right or remedy on any future occasion or a waiver of
any right or remedy against the other party.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">9.5.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Arbitration.</U></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">9.5.1.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Arbitrable Claims.</U></B> To the fullest extent permitted by law, all disputes between Employee
(and his heirs and assigns) and Employer relating in any manner whatsoever to the employment or termination of Employee by Employer,
including, without limitation, all disputes arising under this Agreement (&ldquo;Arbitrable Claims), shall be resolved by arbitration.
Arbitrable Claims shall include, but are not limited to, contract (express or implied) and tort claims of all kinds, as well as
all claims based on any federal, state or local law, statute or regulation, to the fullest extent permitted by law and excepting
claims under applicable workers&rsquo; compensation law and unemployment insurance claims.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">9.5.2.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Procedure. Arbitration of Arbitrable Claims shall be in accordance with the then current National
Rules for the Resolution of Employment Disputes of the American Arbitration Association, as amended (&ldquo;AAA Employment Rules&rdquo;),
as augmented in this Agreement. Arbitration shall be initiated as provided by the AAA Employment Rules, although the written notice
to the other party initiating arbitration shall also include a statement of the claim(s) asserted and the facts upon which the
claim(s) are based. The Arbitration shall be final and binding upon the parties and shall be the exclusive remedy for all Arbitrable
Claims. Either party may bring an action in court to compel arbitration under this Agreement and to enforce an arbitration award.
Otherwise, neither party shall initiate or prosecute any lawsuit or administrative action in any way related to any Arbitrable
Claim. Notwithstanding the foregoing, either party may, at its option, seek injunctive relief pursuant to section 1281.8 of the
California Code of Civil Procedure. All arbitration hearings under this Agreement shall be conducted in Los Angeles County, California.
THE PARTIES HEREBY WAIVE ANY RIGHTS THEY MAY HAVE TO TRIAL BY JURY IN REGARD TO ARBITRABLE CLAIMS, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY AS TO THE MAKING, EXISTENCE, VALIDITY OR ENFORCEABILITY OF THE AGREEMENT TO ARBITRATE.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">9.5.3.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Arbitrator Selection and Authority.</U></B> All disputes involving Arbitrable Claims shall
be decided by a single arbitrator. The arbitrator shall be selected by mutual agreement of the parties within thirty (30) days
of the effective date of the notice initiating the arbitration. If the parties cannot agree on an arbitrator, then the complaining
party shall notify the AAA and request selection of an arbitrator in accordance with AAA Employment Rules. The arbitrator shall
have authority to award equitable relief, damages, costs and fees to the same extent that, but not greater than, a state or federal
district court in California would have. The fees of the arbitrator shall be split between both parties equally, unless this would
render this Section of Arbitration unenforceable, in which case the arbitrator shall apportion said fees and any statutory remedies
so as to preserve enforceability- The arbitrator shall have exclusive authority to resolve all Arbitrable Claims, including, but
not limited to, whether any particular claim is arbitrable and whether all or any part of this Agreement is void or unenforceable.
Upon completion of the arbitration proceedings, the arbitrator shall issue a written report to both parties which reveals the essential
findings and conclusions upon which any award was based.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">9.6.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Continuing Obligations.</U></B> The rights and obligations of Employee and Employer set forth
in Section 3 and subparts (Confidential Information), Section 5 and subparts (Compensation), Section 8 and subparts (Effect of
Termination) and Section 9 and subparts (including Arbitration and other Miscellaneous provisions) and any other provision which
by its terms are intended to continue shall survive the termination of Employee&rsquo;s employment and the expiration of this Agreement
to the extent reasonably necessary to enforce the terms of this Agreement.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">9.7.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Attorney&rsquo;s Fees.</U></B> In the event that either of the parties hereto (or any successor
thereto) resorts to legal action, including arbitration, in order to enforce, defend or interpret any of the terms or the provisions
of this Agreement, the prevailing party shall be entitled to an award of reasonable attorney&rsquo;s fees if otherwise provided
by law and the arbitrator determines such an award is warranted. In addition, when attorney&rsquo;s fees are awarded by the arbitrator,
the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover from the non-prevailing party post-judgment attorneys&rsquo; fees incurred by
the prevailing party in enforcing a judgment against the non-prevailing party. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the
contrary, the provisions of the preceding sentence are intended to be severable from the balance of this Agreement, shall survive
any judgment rendered in connection with the aforesaid legal action, and shall not be merged into any such judgment.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">9.8.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Entire Agreement; Amendment.</U></B> This Agreement embodies the entire agreement and understanding
of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter herein and supercedes all prior or contemporaneous oral or written understandings
and agreements of the Parties. This Agreement cannot be amended or terminated orally, but only by a writing duly executed by the
parties hereto.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.3in">9.9.</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><U>Applicable Law.</U></B> This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in
accordance with, the internal laws of the State of California.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed
this Agreement as of the Effective Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="width: 49%">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">By QS Energy (Employer):</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>/s/ JASON LANE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Jason Lane, CEO&#9;</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 51%">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">By Employee:</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>/s/ MICHAEL MCMULLEN&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Michael McMullen</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.124
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>qsenergy_10k-ex10124.htm
<DESCRIPTION>SEPARATION AGREEMENT
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 10.124</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><U>SEPARATION
Agreement AND RELEASE</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Separation Agreement
and Release (the &ldquo;Agreement&rdquo;) is entered into effective as of April 1, 2017 (&ldquo;Effective Date&rdquo;), by and
between Greggory M. Bigger (the &ldquo;Employee&rdquo;) and QS Energy, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;),
to establish the terms and conditions of the Parties&rsquo; separation, settlement and release of all claims. Employee and Company
are sometimes referred to as the &ldquo;Parties.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>RECITALS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WHEREAS, prior to the Effective Date Employee was employed by Company as its Chief Executive Officer, and also served as
a Director and Chairman of the Board of the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">B.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WHEREAS, as of the Effective Date, Employee&rsquo;s employment and directorship relationship with the Company was mutually
terminated by Company and Employee;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">C.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WHEREAS, Employee entered into that certain Employment Agreement with the Company, dated February 1, 2012, as amended on
September 1, 2013, and March 10, 2016. (The Employment Agreement and all amendments thereto are hereinafter referred to collectively
as the &ldquo;Employment Agreement and Amendments.&rdquo;)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">D.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WHEREAS, the Parties acknowledge that this Agreement is motivated by the desire of the Parties to create an amicable separation
between them, and in this regard, the Parties desire to resolve and settle all matters related to Employee&rsquo;s separation from
the Company as an employee and director, including, without limitation, any and all claims and potential claims that the Employee
may have against the Company and related parties, and vice versa, upon the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>AGREEMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">NOW THEREFORE, the
Parties, in consideration of the promises, covenants and agreements contained herein and upon execution of this Agreement, agree
as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Employee Separation</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Employee and Company
hereby acknowledge and agree that Employee&rsquo;s last day of employment with Company, and last day serving as a director and
chairman of the Company, is the Effective Date. Employee is to provide no services to or on behalf of Company as an employee or
director after the Effective Date. Following the Effective Date, the Parties may elect to enter into an independent contractor
relationship.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Illness or Injury</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Employee certifies
that Employee has not experienced any job related illness or injury in connection with his prior employment with Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<U>Employment Agreement and Amendments Thereto</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of the Effective
Date, the Employment Agreement and Amendments are terminated and all rights and obligations of the Parties thereto are extinguished
and of no further force or effect. Employee shall be allowed to retain, as of the Effective Date, all vested Company options and
warrants. Unvested options and warrants shall immediately vest.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Payment</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to the terms
and conditions hereof, Company agrees:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant to Section 4.11 of the Employment Agreement and Amendments, to pay to Employee the sum of Five Hundred Eighty Thousand
Dollars ($580,000.00), less all applicable tax withholdings (&ldquo;Termination Payment&rdquo;). The Termination Payment shall
be paid in twenty-four (24) equal monthly installments commencing on the Effective Date. The Termination Payment constitutes the
sole and total amount to be paid to Employee, and no other sums are due or shall be paid to him, except as provided in subsections
4(b) and (c), below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commencing as of the Effective Date and continuing for twenty-four (24) months thereafter, Employee shall be entitled to participate
in any group health insurance plan which has been or may be offered to employees of the Company, including dental coverage, at
the same level and cost of coverage Employee had while employed with the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Commencing as of the Effective Date and continuing for twelve (12) months thereafter, Employee shall be entitled to the continued
exclusive use of a Company-issued cell phone, including a service plan, and email address, at the same level of service Employee
had while employed with the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Company shall also pay Employee the sum of $33,462, less all applicable tax withholdings, on the Effective Date, representing Employee&rsquo;s
accrued vacation and sick days. This amount shall be paid at the same installment schedule as the Termination Payment, pursuant
to Section (a) above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<U>Mutual Release</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except for the duties, representations, warranties and covenants set forth in this Agreement, and in consideration thereof, the
Parties, each on behalf of himself or itself and present and former agents, successors, assigns, heirs and attorneys, fully and
completely, irrevocably and unconditionally, releases and forever discharges each other and each of their respective present and
former agents, employees, predecessors, successors, shareholders, assigns, officers, partners, directors, heirs, affiliates, subsidiaries,
insurers and attorneys (collectively referred to as the &ldquo;Released Parties&rdquo;) from any and all debts, liabilities, demands,
damages, obligations, costs, attorneys&rsquo; fees, expenses, liens, actions and causes of action of every kind and nature (collectively,
&ldquo;Claims&rdquo;), whether now known or unknown, suspected or unsuspected, whether or not heretofore asserted, which the Parties
and their successors, assigns, heirs and attorneys in their capacity as such now hold or own, or have held or owned with respect
to any matter whatsoever. This release is intended to be a general mutual release of any and all Claims.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Parties acknowledge that, following execution of this Agreement, either Party may discover matters which, had the same been
known before the execution, would have caused that Party not to execute the Agreement. Nevertheless, the Parties, each on behalf
of himself or itself and present and former agents, successors, assigns, heirs and attorneys in their capacity as such, assumes
this risk and hereby acknowledges that each Party has been informed by his own attorneys regarding, and understands the provisions
of Section 1542 of the California Civil Code, which states:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.75in 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">A GENERAL RELEASE DOES NOT
EXTEND TO ACTIONS WHICH THE CREDITOR DOES NOT KNOW OR SUSPECT TO EXIST IN HIS OR HER FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THE RELEASE,
WHICH IF KNOWN BY HIM OR HER MUST HAVE MATERIALLY AFFECTED HIS OR HER SETTLEMENT WITH THE DEBTOR.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0.75in 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Parties, each on behalf of himself or itself and present and former agents, successors, assigns, heirs and attorneys, expressly
waives and relinquishes all rights and benefits arising from said Section 1542 and from any and all other laws of similar effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
The Employee further agrees that this release is written in a manner that he can understand, that he was advised to consult counsel
and that he has consulted with counsel in connection with the Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company further agrees that this release is written in a manner that it can understand, that the Company was advised to consult
counsel and that it has consulted with counsel in connection with the Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Employee agrees he has been given up to twenty-one (21) days to consider whether to sign this Agreement and the Employee understands
that he may revoke the Agreement within seven (7) days after signing it by sending written notice of revocation by overnight delivery.
This seven (7) day period shall be known as the &ldquo;Revocation Period.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
The Employee acknowledges and agrees that signing this Agreement serves as a release, without limitation, of any and all employment
related claims, including, but not limited to claims for wrongful discharge of employment; termination in violation of public policy;
discrimination, harassment; retaliation; breach of contract (both express and implied), breach of covenant of good faith and fair
dealing (both express and implied), promissory estoppel, negligent or intentional infliction of emotional distress, fraud, negligent
or intentional misrepresentation, negligent or intentional interference with contract or prospective economic advantage, unfair
business practices, defamation, libel, slander, negligence, personal injury, assault, battery, invasion of privacy, false imprisonment,
conversion, disability benefits, and wage and hour violation; violation of any federal, state, or municipal statute, including,
but not limited to: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; the Civil Rights Act of 1991; the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; the
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990; the Equal Pay Act; the Fair Labor Standards Act, except as prohibited by law; the Fair
Credit Reporting Act; the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967; the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act;<B> </B>the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974; the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act; the Family and Medical Leave Act,
except as prohibited by law; the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act; the
California Family Rights Act; the California Labor Code, except as prohibited by law; the California Workers&rsquo; Compensation
Act, except as prohibited by law; and the California Fair Employment and Housing Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This Agreement shall not be construed to prohibit the Employee from filing a charge against any Released Party with the
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or a comparable state or local agency, or participating in any investigation or proceeding
conducted by any of those agencies. However, the Employee explicitly waives his right to receive any monetary damages, costs or
fees as a result of any charge, complaint, or lawsuit filed by the Employee or by anyone else on his behalf, except for claims
for workers&rsquo; compensation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (g), the Parties agrees that they will not voluntarily participate in any judicial
or legal proceeding against any of the Released Parties that in any way involves any allegations, facts or issues that each could
have raised as of the date the employment relationship ended on the Effective Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Non-Liability</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Agreement is not
to be construed as an admission of liability or wrongdoing by the Company and the Company expressly denies any liability or wrongdoing
in connection with the subject matter of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt">&nbsp;</DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Non-Disparagement</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Employee agrees
not to disparage, demean or criticize the Company, or any of the Released Parties at any time for any reason. The Company agrees
not to disparage, demean or criticize the Employee at any time for any reason.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Non-Disclosure</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Employee agrees
not to discuss, publicize, describe or otherwise communicate the terms, conditions or content of the Agreement except as otherwise
publicly disclosed by the Company under federal securities laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<U>No Assignment</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Employee represents
and warrants that he is the lawful owner of all matters being settled herein and that he has not sold, pledged, assigned, conveyed
or transferred, nor attempted to sell, pledge, assign, convey or transfer, and will not sell, pledge, assign, convey or transfer
any of the matters released or settled herein prior to the execution of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">10.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>No Waiver</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No waiver by the Parties
to this Agreement of any breach of any term of this Agreement shall be construed to be, nor be a waiver of any preceding, concurrent,
or succeeding breach of the same, or any other term or provision thereof. No waiver shall be binding unless in writing and signed
by all Parties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">11.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>California Law Controlling/Venue</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Agreement shall
be considered to have been executed and delivered, and to be wholly performed, in the state of California, and the rights and obligations
of the Parties shall be construed and enforced in accordance with, and governed by, the internal, substantive laws of the state
of California without regard to the principles of the conflicts of laws thereunder. Any action to enforce the terms of this Agreement
shall be brought in an appropriate court in the state of California.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">12.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Survival </U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any of the terms, covenants,
representations and warranties contained in the Agreement shall survive the execution hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">13.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<U>Successors and Assigns </U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The provisions of this
Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the respective Parties and their heirs, executors, administrators,
agents, representatives, successors and assigns. The Parties hereto represent that they have the full authority to enter into this
Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">14.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Notices</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event any notice
or demand is required to be made in connection with this Settlement Agreement, such notice or demand shall by U.S. Mail and email
as indicated below and shall be deemed to have been given either: (i)&nbsp;when mailed to the other Party via United States Mail,
certified, return receipt requested (or any other reputable delivery service that is able to track and evidence transmittal and
delivery); or (ii) when acknowledged that it was received via email. Notices shall be sent as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 15%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; width: 25%"><B>To the Company:</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; width: 25%"><B>QS Energy, Inc. </B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 35%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><B>To Greggory M. Bigger:</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><B>Greggory M. Bigger</B></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">15.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Headings and Construction</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The headings in this
Settlement Agreement are for convenience or reference only, and shall not be deemed to be a part hereof or to affect the meaning
or interpretation of the provisions hereof. For purposes of construction, the Agreement shall be deemed to have been drafted by
all Parties, and no ambiguity shall be resolved against any of the Parties by virtue of his, her or its participation in the drafting
of the Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">16.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Counterparts</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Agreement may
be executed in counterparts, and may be executed via facsimile transmission and/or by pdf forwarded by e-mail, and all signatures
need not appear on the same signature page of the document.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">17.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<U>Execution</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each of the Parties
represents and warrants that each has read the Agreement in its entirety and has had the opportunity to review same with counsel.
Each of the Parties further represents and warrants that he has full mental, physical, and legal capacity to enter into and execute
this Agreement. Each person executing this Agreement represents and warrants that he has the right and power to enter into the
Agreement on behalf of the Party for whom he is representing that he is executing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">18.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>Dispute Resolution/Enforcement of Agreement</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event that any
disagreement, dispute, or claim arises between the any of the Parties to this Agreement, which concerns this Agreement, its interpretation,
or any of the rights, duties, and/or obligations of the Parties arising out of or related to this Agreement (&ldquo;Dispute&rdquo;),
any and all such Disputes shall be resolved by arbitration and the Parties specifically agree that they are waiving the right to
try any Dispute in a court of law. This waiver is a material inducement for the Parties to enter this Agreement. Any dispute under
this Agreement shall be resolved by arbitration conducted in Los Angeles, CA in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration
Association (&ldquo;AAA&rdquo;). A single arbitrator (the &ldquo;Arbitrator&rdquo;) shall be chosen by mutual agreement of the
Parties. If the parties cannot agree upon the selection of the Arbitrator, then the arbitration shall be selected pursuant to the
AAA Employment and Arbitration Rules. The arbitration shall be conducted in a single hearing and the Arbitrator shall render his/her
decision within a reasonable time after the conclusion of the hearing. The decision of the arbitrator shall be final and nonappealable.
Judgment upon any decision rendered by the arbitrator may be entered by any court having jurisdiction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">19.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<U>Return of Property/Network and System Access</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">To the extent that
the Employee may not already have done so, he will immediately return all property belonging to the Company that he has in his
possession, custody or control, including, but not limited to, electronic, computer or communications equipment, electronically
stored information, keys, cards, documents, records or any other property. The Employee will not access any computer network or
system of the Company, and the Employee will not delete, erase, or in any way impair the Company&rsquo;s ability to retrieve information
from any electronic or communications equipment belonging to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">20.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>General Provisions</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each of the Parties understands this Agreement, and the terms and conditions contained herein, and has relied upon his or her own
judgment, belief, knowledge, understanding and expertise after careful consultation with his own legal counsel concerning the legal
effect of this Agreement and all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, and enters the same voluntarily.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
This Agreement constitutes the entire, final and binding understanding between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof.
No other statement or representation, written or oral, express or implied, has been relied upon in executing this Agreement, and
all prior discussions, statements, and negotiations made or that have occurred prior to the date of the Agreement are deemed merged
into this Agreement, and shall not be used for any purpose whatsoever.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If all or any provision of the Agreement is held void, unlawful or for any reason unenforceable, the remaining portions of this
Agreement will remain in full force and effect. The void, unlawful or unenforceable clause shall be deemed revised to the least
extent possible to render it enforceable while maintaining the essential understanding and Agreement between the parties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This Agreement may not be amended, altered, modified or otherwise changed in any respect except by a writing duly executed by the
Parties, or their authorized representatives.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Parties agree to execute any and all further documents that are necessary or required to carry out the terms or intent of the
Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
</B>the Parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the Effective Date.</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2.5in; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">/s/ GREGGORY M. BIGGER</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>Greggory M. Bigger</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 5%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 40%"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 35%"><B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>                                                                                          <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">By:&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">/s/ MICHAEL MCMULLEN</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>Michael McMullen, CFO</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3in; text-indent: 0in"></P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-31.1
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>qsenergy_10k-ex3101.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CERTIFICATION
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 31.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>CERTIFICATION OF
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>PURSUANT TO SECTION
302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>AND RULES 13A-14
AND 15D-14 UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">I, Greggory Bigger,
certify that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">1.&nbsp;I
have reviewed this 10-K Report of QS Energy, Inc.;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">2.&nbsp;Based
on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to
the period covered by this report;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">3.&nbsp;Based
on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material
respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented
in this report;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;The
registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) and internal control over financial reporting) as defined in Exchange
Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) for the registrant and have:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(a)&nbsp;Designed
such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,
to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its  consolidated subsidiaries, is made known
to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed
under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(c)&nbsp;Evaluated
the effectiveness of the registrant&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about
the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(d)&nbsp;Disclosed
in this report any change in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant&rsquo;s
most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&rsquo;s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected,
or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">5.&nbsp;The
registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over
financial reporting, to the registrant&rsquo;s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant&rsquo;s board of directors (or
persons performing the equivalent functions):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(a)&nbsp;All
significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which
are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant&rsquo;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information;
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(b)&nbsp;Any
fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant&rsquo;s
internal control over financial reporting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Date: March 31, 2017</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">/s/ GREGGORY BIGGER &nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Greggory Bigger</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Chief Executive Officer&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-31.2
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>qsenergy_10k-ex3102.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CERTIFICATION
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 31.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>CERTIFICATION OF
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>PURSUANT TO SECTION
302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>AND RULES 13A-14
AND 15D-14 UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">I, Greggory Bigger,
certify that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;I
have reviewed this 10-K Report of QS Energy, Inc.;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">2.&nbsp;Based
on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to
the period covered by this report;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">3.&nbsp;Based
on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material
respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented
in this report;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;The
registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) and internal control over financial reporting) as defined in Exchange
Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) for the registrant and have:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(a)&nbsp;Designed
such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,
to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its  consolidated subsidiaries, is made known
to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed
under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles<U>;</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this
report based on such evaluation; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(d)&nbsp;Disclosed
in this report any change in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant&rsquo;s
most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&rsquo;s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected,
or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">5.&nbsp;The
registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over
financial reporting, to the registrant&rsquo;s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant&rsquo;s board of directors (or
persons performing the equivalent functions):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(a)&nbsp;All
significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which
are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant&rsquo;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information;
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(b)&nbsp;Any
fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant&rsquo;s
internal control over financial reporting.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Date:&nbsp;&nbsp;March 31, 2017</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">/s/ GREGGORY BIGGER</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Greggory Bigger</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Chief Financial Officer&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-32
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>qsenergy_10k-ex32.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CERTIFICATION
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 32</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>CERTIFICATION OF
PERIODIC FINANCIAL REPORT BY THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>OFFICER AND CHIEF
FINANCIAL OFFICER</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>PURSUANT TO SECTION
906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Solely
for the purposes of complying with 18 U.S.C. Section&nbsp;1350, as adopted pursuant to Section&nbsp;906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002, we, the undersigned Acting Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of  QS Energy, Inc. (the
&ldquo;Company&rdquo;), hereby certify, based on our knowledge, that the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the
year ended December 31, 2016 (the &ldquo;Report&rdquo;) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects,
the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">Date: March 31, 2017</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">/s/ GREGGORY BIGGER</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Greggory Bigger</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Chief Executive Officer&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 5.4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">Date: March 31, 2017</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">/s/ GREGGORY BIGGER</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Greggory Bigger</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Chief Financial Officer&nbsp;</TD>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<TYPE>EX-101.INS
<SEQUENCE>8
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    <us-gaap:OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;QS&#13;Energy, Inc. (&amp;#8220;QS Energy&amp;#8221;, &amp;#8220;Company&amp;#8221;) was incorporated on February 18, 1998, as a Nevada Corporation under&#13;the name Mandalay Capital Corporation. The Company changed its name to Save the World Air, Inc. on February 11, 1999. Effective&#13;August 11, 2015, the Company changed its name to QS Energy, Inc. The Company&amp;#8217;s common stock is quoted under the symbol &amp;#8220;QSEP&amp;#8221;&#13;on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board. More information including the Company&amp;#8217;s fact sheet, logos and media articles are&#13;available at our corporate website, www.qsenergy.com.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;QS&#13;Energy develops and commercializes energy efficiency technologies that assist in meeting increasing global energy demands, improving&#13;the economics of oil extraction and transport, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Company's intellectual properties include&#13;a portfolio of domestic and international patents and patents pending, a substantial portion of which have been developed in conjunction&#13;with and exclusively licensed from Temple University of Philadelphia, PA (&amp;#8220;Temple&amp;#8221;). QS Energy's primary technology&#13;is called Applied Oil Technology&amp;#8482; (AOT), a commercial-grade crude oil pipeline transportation flow-assurance product. Engineered&#13;specifically to reduce pipeline pressure loss, increase pipeline flow rate and capacity, and reduce shippers&amp;#8217; reliance on&#13;diluents and drag reducing agents to meet pipeline maximum viscosity requirements, AOT is a 100% solid-state system that reduces&#13;crude oil viscosity by applying a high intensity electrical field to crude oil feedstock while in transit. The AOT product has&#13;transitioned from the research and development stage to initial production for continued testing in advance of our goal of seeking&#13;acceptance and adoption by the midstream pipeline marketplace.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company also began commercial development of a suite of products based around the Joule Heat technology. The Company began fabrication&#13;of prototype equipment to be operated under a joint development agreement with a commercial entity in the fourth quarter of 2014.&#13;The Company&amp;#8217;s first Joule Heat prototype was installed for testing purposes at the Newfield facility in June 2015 and the&#13;system is operational; however, changes to the prototype configuration will be required to determine commercial effectiveness&#13;of this unit. In addition, the Company filed two additional provisional patents related to the technology&amp;#8217;s method and apparatus.&#13;In December 2015, we temporarily suspended Joule Heat development activities to focus Company resources on finalizing commercial&#13;development of the AOT Midstream. We currently plan to resume Joule Heat development in 2017 depending on the availability of&#13;sufficient capital and other resources.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Consolidation&#13;Policy&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;accompanying consolidated financial statements of QS Energy Inc. include the accounts of QS Energy Inc. (the Parent) and its wholly&#13;owned subsidiaries, QS Energy Pool, Inc. and STWA Asia Pte. Limited. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated&#13;in consolidation.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Going Concern&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization&#13;of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As reflected in the accompanying&#13;consolidated financial statements, during the twelve-months ended December 31, 2016, the Company incurred a net loss of $4,000,000,&#13;used cash in operations of $1,626,000 and had a stockholders&amp;#8217; deficit of $1,358,000 as of that date. These factors raise&#13;substantial doubt about the Company&amp;#8217;s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial&#13;statements are issued. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the Company&amp;#8217;s ability&#13;to raise additional funds and implement its business plan. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might&#13;be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;At&#13;December 31, 2016, the Company had cash on hand in the amount of $136,000. Management estimates that the current funds on hand&#13;will be sufficient to continue operations through April 2017. Management is currently seeking additional funds, primarily through&#13;the issuance of debt and equity securities for cash to operate our business, including without limitation the expenses it will&#13;incur in connection with the license and research and development agreements with Temple University; costs associated with product&#13;development and commercialization of the AOT technology; costs to manufacture and ship the products; costs to design and implement&#13;an effective system of internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures; costs of maintaining our status as a public company&#13;by filing periodic reports with the SEC and costs required to protect our intellectual property. In addition, as discussed below,&#13;the Company has substantial contractual commitments, including without limitation, payment of license and other fees to Temple&#13;University, salaries to our executive officers pursuant to employment agreements, certain payments to a former officer and consulting&#13;fees, during the remainder of 2017 and beyond.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;No&#13;assurance can be given that any future financing will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory&#13;to the Company. Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing, it may contain undue restrictions on our operations,&#13;in the case of debt financing or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders in case of equity financing.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Revenue Recognition&#13;Policy&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company recognizes lease revenue upon commencement of the lease. Revenue on future product sales will be recognized upon meeting&#13;the following criteria: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services rendered; the seller's&#13;price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Property and Equipment&#13;and Depreciation&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Property&#13;and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives&#13;of the assets, generally ranging from three to ten years. Expenditures for major renewals and improvements that extend the useful&#13;lives of property and equipment are capitalized. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred.&#13;Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset&#13;or the lease term.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Impairment of Long-lived&#13;Assets&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Our&#13;long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment at least annually, or when events and circumstances&#13;indicate that depreciable or amortizable long lived assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated&#13;by those assets are less than the carrying amount of those assets. When specific assets are determined to be unrecoverable, the&#13;cost basis of the asset is reduced to reflect the current value.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;We&#13;use various assumptions in determining the current fair value of these assets, including future expected cash flows and discount&#13;rates, as well as other fair value measures. Our impairment loss calculations require us to apply judgment in estimating future&#13;cash flows, including forecasting useful lives of the assets and selecting the discount rate that reflects the risk inherent in&#13;future cash flows.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;If&#13;actual results are not consistent with our assumptions and judgments used in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values,&#13;we may be exposed to future impairment losses that could be material to our results. Based upon management&amp;#8217;s annual review,&#13;no impairments were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2016, and 2015.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Loss per Share&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Basic&#13;loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares&#13;outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share reflects the potential dilution, using the treasury stock method that could&#13;occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the&#13;issuance of common stock that then shared in the loss of the Company. In computing diluted loss per share, the treasury stock&#13;method assumes that outstanding options and warrants are exercised and the proceeds are used to purchase common stock at the average&#13;market price during the period. Options and warrants may have a dilutive effect under the treasury stock method only when the&#13;average market price of the common stock during the period exceeds the exercise price of the options and warrants.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;For&#13;the years ended December&amp;#160;31, 2016 and 2015, the dilutive impact of outstanding stock options of 23,474,256 shares and 21,535,148&#13;shares; outstanding warrants of 11,446,892 shares and 4,411,667 shares; and notes convertible into 2,540,211 and 509,667 shares&#13;of our common stock, respectively,&amp;#160;have been excluded because their impact on the loss per share is anti-dilutive.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Income Taxes&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Income&#13;taxes are recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets&#13;are recognized for the future tax consequences of transactions that have been recognized in the Company&amp;#8217;s consolidated financial&#13;statements or tax returns. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or entire deferred&#13;tax asset will not be realized.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Stock-Based Compensation&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company periodically issues stock options and warrants to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for&#13;services and for financing costs. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to employees based&#13;on the authoritative guidance provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board whereas the value of the award is measured&#13;on the date of grant and recognized over the vesting period. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and&#13;vesting to non-employees in accordance with the authoritative guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board whereas the&#13;value of the stock compensation is based upon the measurement date as determined at either a) the date at which a performance&#13;commitment is reached, or b) at the date at which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete. Non-employee&#13;stock-based compensation charges generally are amortized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. In certain circumstances&#13;where there are no future performance requirements by the non-employee, option grants are immediately vested and the total stock-based&#13;compensation charge is recorded in the period of the measurement date.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;fair value of the Company's&amp;#160;stock options and warrants grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model, which&#13;uses certain assumptions related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility, expected life of the stock options or warrants,&#13;and future dividends. Compensation expense is recorded based upon the value derived from the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model,&#13;and based on actual experience. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model could materially affect compensation&#13;expense recorded in future periods.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Estimates&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates&#13;and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities&#13;at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant&#13;estimates include those related to assumptions used in impairment analysis for fixed assets, valuing accruals and equity instruments.&#13;Actual results could differ from those estimates.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Fair Value of Financial&#13;Instruments&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Effective&#13;January 1, 2008, fair value measurements are determined by the Company's adoption of authoritative guidance issued by the FASB,&#13;with the exception of the application of the statement to non-recurring, non-financial assets and liabilities as permitted. The&#13;adoption of the authoritative guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's fair value measurements. Fair value is&#13;defined in the authoritative guidance as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in&#13;the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at&#13;the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy was established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into three&#13;broad levels as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Level&amp;#160;1&amp;#8212;Quoted&#13;prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Level&amp;#160;2&amp;#8212;Inputs,&#13;other than the quoted prices in active markets, are observable either directly or indirectly.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Level&amp;#160;3&amp;#8212;Unobservable&#13;inputs based on the Company's assumptions.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company is required to use of observable market data if such data is available without undue cost and effort.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;carrying amounts for cash, accounts payable, accrued expenses and convertible debentures approximate their fair value due to their&#13;short-term nature.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Research and Development&#13;Costs&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Costs&#13;incurred for research and development are expensed as incurred. Purchased materials that do not have an alternative future use&#13;are also expensed. Furthermore, costs incurred in the construction of prototypes with no certainty of any alternative future use&#13;and established commercial uses are also expensed.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;For&#13;the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 research and development costs were $279,000 and $578,000, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Patent Costs&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Patent&#13;costs consist of patent-related legal and filing fees. Due to the uncertainty associated with the successful development of our&#13;AOT and Joule Heat products, all patent costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, patent&#13;costs were $64,000 and $53,000, respectively, and were included as part of operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated&#13;statements of operations.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Recent Accounting&#13;Pronouncements&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;In&#13;May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts&#13;with Customers. ASU 2014-09 is a comprehensive revenue recognition standard that will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition&#13;guidance under current U.S. GAAP and replace it with a principle based approach for determining revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09&#13;will require that companies recognize revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services as they occur in the contract.&#13;The ASU also will require additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising&#13;from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to&#13;obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early&#13;adoption is permitted only in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods therein. Entities&#13;will be able to transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption.&#13;The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2014-09 on the Company&amp;#8217;s financial statements and disclosures.&#13;In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to record&#13;a right of use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months.&#13;ASU 2016-02 is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted.&#13;A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered&#13;into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients&#13;available. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on the Company&amp;#8217;s financial statements and&#13;disclosures.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;In&#13;February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, &lt;i&gt;Leases&lt;/i&gt;. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to&#13;record a right of use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12&#13;months. ASU 2016-02 is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption&#13;is permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at,&#13;or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical&#13;expedients available. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on the Company&amp;#8217;s financial statements&#13;and disclosures.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;In&#13;March 2016, the FASB issued the ASU 2016-09, &lt;i&gt;Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)&lt;/i&gt;: Improvements to Employee Share-Based&#13;Payment Accounting. The amendments in this ASU require, among other things, that all income tax effects of awards be recognized&#13;in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled. The ASU also allows for an employer to repurchase more of an employee's&#13;shares than it can today for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting and allows for a policy election&#13;to account for forfeitures as they occur. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,&#13;2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for any entity in any interim or annual&#13;period. The Company is currently evaluating the expected impact that the standard could have on its financial statements and related&#13;disclosures.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Other&#13;recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified&#13;Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact&#13;on the Company's present or future consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Description of Business&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;QS&#13;Energy, Inc. (&amp;#8220;QS Energy&amp;#8221;, &amp;#8220;Company&amp;#8221;) was incorporated on February 18, 1998, as a Nevada Corporation under&#13;the name Mandalay Capital Corporation. The Company changed its name to Save the World Air, Inc. on February 11, 1999. Effective&#13;August 11, 2015, the Company changed its name to QS Energy, Inc. The Company&amp;#8217;s common stock is quoted under the symbol &amp;#8220;QSEP&amp;#8221;&#13;on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board. More information including the Company&amp;#8217;s fact sheet, logos and media articles are&#13;available at our corporate website, www.qsenergy.com.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;QS&#13;Energy develops and commercializes energy efficiency technologies that assist in meeting increasing global energy demands, improving&#13;the economics of oil extraction and transport, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Company's intellectual properties include&#13;a portfolio of domestic and international patents and patents pending, a substantial portion of which have been developed in conjunction&#13;with and exclusively licensed from Temple University of Philadelphia, PA (&amp;#8220;Temple&amp;#8221;). QS Energy's primary technology&#13;is called Applied Oil Technology&amp;#8482; (AOT), a commercial-grade crude oil pipeline transportation flow-assurance product. Engineered&#13;specifically to reduce pipeline pressure loss, increase pipeline flow rate and capacity, and reduce shippers&amp;#8217; reliance on&#13;diluents and drag reducing agents to meet pipeline maximum viscosity requirements, AOT is a 100% solid-state system that reduces&#13;crude oil viscosity by applying a high intensity electrical field to crude oil feedstock while in transit. The AOT product has&#13;transitioned from the research and development stage to initial production for continued testing in advance of our goal of seeking&#13;acceptance and adoption by the midstream pipeline marketplace.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company also began commercial development of a suite of products based around the Joule Heat technology. The Company began fabrication&#13;of prototype equipment to be operated under a joint development agreement with a commercial entity in the fourth quarter of 2014.&#13;The Company&amp;#8217;s first Joule Heat prototype was installed for testing purposes at the Newfield facility in June 2015 and the&#13;system is operational; however, changes to the prototype configuration will be required to determine commercial effectiveness&#13;of this unit. In addition, the Company filed two additional provisional patents related to the technology&amp;#8217;s method and apparatus.&#13;In December 2015, we temporarily suspended Joule Heat development activities to focus Company resources on finalizing commercial&#13;development of the AOT Midstream. We currently plan to resume Joule Heat development in 2017 depending on the availability of&#13;sufficient capital and other resources.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Consolidation&#13;Policy&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;accompanying consolidated financial statements of QS Energy Inc. include the accounts of QS Energy Inc. (the Parent) and its wholly&#13;owned subsidiaries, QS Energy Pool, Inc. and STWA Asia Pte. Limited. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated&#13;in consolidation.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:SubstantialDoubtAboutGoingConcernTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Going Concern&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization&#13;of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As reflected in the accompanying&#13;consolidated financial statements, during the twelve-months ended December 31, 2016, the Company incurred a net loss of $4,000,000,&#13;used cash in operations of $1,626,000 and had a stockholders&amp;#8217; deficit of $1,358,000 as of that date. These factors raise&#13;substantial doubt about the Company&amp;#8217;s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial&#13;statements are issued. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the Company&amp;#8217;s ability&#13;to raise additional funds and implement its business plan. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might&#13;be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;At&#13;December 31, 2016, the Company had cash on hand in the amount of $136,000. Management estimates that the current funds on hand&#13;will be sufficient to continue operations through April 2017. Management is currently seeking additional funds, primarily through&#13;the issuance of debt and equity securities for cash to operate our business, including without limitation the expenses it will&#13;incur in connection with the license and research and development agreements with Temple University; costs associated with product&#13;development and commercialization of the AOT technology; costs to manufacture and ship the products; costs to design and implement&#13;an effective system of internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures; costs of maintaining our status as a public company&#13;by filing periodic reports with the SEC and costs required to protect our intellectual property. In addition, as discussed below,&#13;the Company has substantial contractual commitments, including without limitation, payment of license and other fees to Temple&#13;University, salaries to our executive officers pursuant to employment agreements, certain payments to a former officer and consulting&#13;fees, during the remainder of 2017 and beyond.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;No&#13;assurance can be given that any future financing will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory&#13;to the Company. Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing, it may contain undue restrictions on our operations,&#13;in the case of debt financing or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders in case of equity financing.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:SubstantialDoubtAboutGoingConcernTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Revenue Recognition&#13;Policy&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company recognizes lease revenue upon commencement of the lease. Revenue on future product sales will be recognized upon meeting&#13;the following criteria: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services rendered; the seller's&#13;price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Property and Equipment&#13;and Depreciation&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Property&#13;and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives&#13;of the assets, generally ranging from three to ten years. Expenditures for major renewals and improvements that extend the useful&#13;lives of property and equipment are capitalized. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred.&#13;Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset&#13;or the lease term.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsIncludingIntangibleAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Impairment of Long-lived&#13;Assets&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Our&#13;long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment at least annually, or when events and circumstances&#13;indicate that depreciable or amortizable long lived assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated&#13;by those assets are less than the carrying amount of those assets. When specific assets are determined to be unrecoverable, the&#13;cost basis of the asset is reduced to reflect the current value.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;We&#13;use various assumptions in determining the current fair value of these assets, including future expected cash flows and discount&#13;rates, as well as other fair value measures. Our impairment loss calculations require us to apply judgment in estimating future&#13;cash flows, including forecasting useful lives of the assets and selecting the discount rate that reflects the risk inherent in&#13;future cash flows.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;If&#13;actual results are not consistent with our assumptions and judgments used in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values,&#13;we may be exposed to future impairment losses that could be material to our results. Based upon management&amp;#8217;s annual review,&#13;no impairments were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2016, and 2015.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsIncludingIntangibleAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
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    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Income Taxes&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Income&#13;taxes are recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets&#13;are recognized for the future tax consequences of transactions that have been recognized in the Company&amp;#8217;s consolidated financial&#13;statements or tax returns. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or entire deferred&#13;tax asset will not be realized.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Stock-Based Compensation&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company periodically issues stock options and warrants to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for&#13;services and for financing costs. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to employees based&#13;on the authoritative guidance provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board whereas the value of the award is measured&#13;on the date of grant and recognized over the vesting period. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and&#13;vesting to non-employees in accordance with the authoritative guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board whereas the&#13;value of the stock compensation is based upon the measurement date as determined at either a) the date at which a performance&#13;commitment is reached, or b) at the date at which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete. Non-employee&#13;stock-based compensation charges generally are amortized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. In certain circumstances&#13;where there are no future performance requirements by the non-employee, option grants are immediately vested and the total stock-based&#13;compensation charge is recorded in the period of the measurement date.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;fair value of the Company's&amp;#160;stock options and warrants grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model, which&#13;uses certain assumptions related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility, expected life of the stock options or warrants,&#13;and future dividends. Compensation expense is recorded based upon the value derived from the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model,&#13;and based on actual experience. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model could materially affect compensation&#13;expense recorded in future periods.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:UseOfEstimates contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Estimates&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates&#13;and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities&#13;at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant&#13;estimates include those related to assumptions used in impairment analysis for fixed assets, valuing accruals and equity instruments.&#13;Actual results could differ from those estimates.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:UseOfEstimates>
    <us-gaap:FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Fair Value of Financial&#13;Instruments&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Effective&#13;January 1, 2008, fair value measurements are determined by the Company's adoption of authoritative guidance issued by the FASB,&#13;with the exception of the application of the statement to non-recurring, non-financial assets and liabilities as permitted. The&#13;adoption of the authoritative guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's fair value measurements. Fair value is&#13;defined in the authoritative guidance as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in&#13;the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at&#13;the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy was established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into three&#13;broad levels as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Level&amp;#160;1&amp;#8212;Quoted&#13;prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Level&amp;#160;2&amp;#8212;Inputs,&#13;other than the quoted prices in active markets, are observable either directly or indirectly.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Level&amp;#160;3&amp;#8212;Unobservable&#13;inputs based on the Company's assumptions.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company is required to use of observable market data if such data is available without undue cost and effort.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;carrying amounts for cash, accounts payable, accrued expenses and convertible debentures approximate their fair value due to their&#13;short-term nature.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy>
    <us-gaap:ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Research and Development&#13;Costs&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Costs&#13;incurred for research and development are expensed as incurred. Purchased materials that do not have an alternative future use&#13;are also expensed. Furthermore, costs incurred in the construction of prototypes with no certainty of any alternative future use&#13;and established commercial uses are also expensed.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;For&#13;the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 research and development costs were $279,000 and $578,000, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Patent Costs&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Patent&#13;costs consist of patent-related legal and filing fees. Due to the uncertainty associated with the successful development of our&#13;AOT and Joule Heat products, all patent costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, patent&#13;costs were $64,000 and $53,000, respectively, and were included as part of operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated&#13;statements of operations.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy>
    <us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Recent Accounting&#13;Pronouncements&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;In&#13;May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts&#13;with Customers. ASU 2014-09 is a comprehensive revenue recognition standard that will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition&#13;guidance under current U.S. GAAP and replace it with a principle based approach for determining revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09&#13;will require that companies recognize revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services as they occur in the contract.&#13;The ASU also will require additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising&#13;from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to&#13;obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early&#13;adoption is permitted only in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods therein. Entities&#13;will be able to transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption.&#13;The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2014-09 on the Company&amp;#8217;s financial statements and disclosures.&#13;In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to record&#13;a right of use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months.&#13;ASU 2016-02 is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted.&#13;A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered&#13;into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients&#13;available. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on the Company&amp;#8217;s financial statements and&#13;disclosures.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;In&#13;February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, &lt;i&gt;Leases&lt;/i&gt;. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to&#13;record a right of use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12&#13;months. ASU 2016-02 is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption&#13;is permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at,&#13;or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical&#13;expedients available. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on the Company&amp;#8217;s financial statements&#13;and disclosures.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;In&#13;March 2016, the FASB issued the ASU 2016-09, &lt;i&gt;Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)&lt;/i&gt;: Improvements to Employee Share-Based&#13;Payment Accounting. The amendments in this ASU require, among other things, that all income tax effects of awards be recognized&#13;in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled. The ASU also allows for an employer to repurchase more of an employee's&#13;shares than it can today for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting and allows for a policy election&#13;to account for forfeitures as they occur. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,&#13;2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for any entity in any interim or annual&#13;period. The Company is currently evaluating the expected impact that the standard could have on its financial statements and related&#13;disclosures.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Other&#13;recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified&#13;Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact&#13;on the Company's present or future consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Accrued&#13;Expenses &amp;#8211; Related Parties consists of unpaid salaries and corresponding payroll taxes of officer&amp;#8217;s salaries,&#13;unused vacation of officers and unpaid board and committee fees to members of the Company&amp;#8217;s Board of Directors. As of&#13;December 31, 2016 and 2015, total accrued expenses &amp;#8211; related parties amounted to $135,000 and $191,000, respectively.&#13;Included in these accruals are the unpaid salaries to a former President and current member of the Company&amp;#8217;s Board of&#13;Directors of $15,000 and $75,000, respectively. The Company agreed to a monthly payment of $5,000 to the current Board member&#13;until his unpaid salary is fully settled.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;At&#13;December&amp;#160;31, 2016 and 2015, property and equipment consists of the following:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;December&amp;#160;31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 66%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Office equipment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;28,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;65,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Furniture and fixtures&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;3,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;4,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Testing equipment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;18,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;13,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Subtotal&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;49,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;82,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Less accumulated depreciation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(32,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(60,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;17,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;22,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;During&#13;the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company disposed of certain property and equipment with aggregate costs of $38,000 and accumulated&#13;depreciation of $35,000 which resulted in a loss of $3,000. Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2016 and&#13;2015 was $7,000 and $12,000, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;December&amp;#160;31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 66%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Office equipment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;28,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;65,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Furniture and fixtures&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;3,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;4,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Testing equipment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;18,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;13,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Subtotal&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;49,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;82,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Less accumulated depreciation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(32,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(60,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;17,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;22,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;December&amp;#160;31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 66%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Convertible note&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;417,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;321,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Interest&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;23,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Subtotal&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;440,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;323,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Convertible note discount&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(92,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(101,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;348,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;222,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;At&#13;January 1, 2015, total outstanding notes payable on convertible notes issued in 2014 amounted to $245,000 and unamortized note&#13;discount was $106,000.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;During&#13;the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company issued convertible promissory notes in the aggregate of $726,000 for cash proceeds&#13;of $660,000 or a discount of $66,000. The notes do not bear any interest; however, the implied interest rate used was 10% since&#13;the notes were issued at 10% less than their face value, are unsecured, mature in twelve months from issuance and convertible&#13;at $0.30 and $0.10 per share. In addition, the Company also granted these note holders warrants to purchase 1,796,667 shares of&#13;the Company&amp;#8217; common stock. The warrants are fully vested, exercisable at $0.30 and $0.10 per share and expired one year&#13;from the date of issuance. As a result, the Company recorded total note discount of $697,000 to account for the relative fair&#13;value of the warrants, the notes&amp;#8217; BCF and OID. The note discounts were amortized over the life of the notes or were amortized&#13;in full upon the conversion of the corresponding notes to common stock. During 2015, a total of $669,000 of notes payable were&#13;converted into 2.6 million shares of common stock and amortized note discount of $702,000 was recorded as interest expense. As&#13;of December 31, 2015, total outstanding notes payable amounted to $321,000 and unamortized note discount of $101,000. Three notes&#13;in the aggregate of $211,000 matured without conversion as of December 31, 2015. As a result, the Company increased the principal&#13;amount of each note by 10% under terms of the notes in the aggregate amount of $19,000 and accrued interest of $2,000. As of December&#13;31, 2015, interest accrued for these notes amounted to $2,000 which was reported as part of convertible debentures in the accompanying&#13;consolidated balance sheet.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;During&#13;the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company issued similar convertible promissory notes in the aggregate of $1,587,000 for&#13;cash proceeds of $1,418,000 and conversion of a deposit received from an investor in 2015 amounting to $25,000 and a discount&#13;of $144,000. The notes do not bear any interest; however, the implied interest rate used was 10% since the notes were issued&#13;10% less than its face value, are unsecured, mature in twelve months from issuance and convertible at $0.10 per share. In&#13;addition, the Company also granted these note holders warrants to purchase 7.9 million shares of the Company&amp;#8217; common&#13;stock. The warrants are fully vested, exercisable at $0.10 per share and expire one year from the date of issuance. As a&#13;result, the Company recorded a note discount of $1,587,000 to account for the relative fair value of the warrants, the&#13;notes&amp;#8217; BCF and OID. The note discounts are amortized over the life of the notes or were amortized in full upon the&#13;conversion of the corresponding notes to common stock. During 2016, a total of $1,491,000 of notes payable were converted&#13;into 14.9 million shares of common stock and amortized note discount of $1,596,000 was recorded as interest expense. As of&#13;December 31, 2016, total outstanding notes payable amounted to $417,000 and unamortized note discount of $92,000. During the&#13;year ended December 31, 2016, the Company accrued interest of $21,000. As of December 31, 2016, total accrued interest&#13;amounted to $23,000 which was reported as part of convertible debentures in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The&#13;Company is currently in negotiations with the noteholders to settle the matured notes payable.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;December&amp;#160;31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 66%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Convertible note&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;417,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;321,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Interest&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;23,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Subtotal&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;440,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;323,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Convertible note discount&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(92,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(101,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;348,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;222,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwareDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company constructs, develops and tests the AOT and Joule Heat technologies with internal resources and through the assistance&#13;of various third party entities. Costs incurred and expensed include fees such as license fees, U.S. Department of Energy testing&#13;fees, purchase of test equipment, pipeline pumping equipment, crude oil tank batteries, viscometers, SCADA systems, computer equipment,&#13;payroll and other related equipment and various logistical expenses for the purposes of evaluating and testing the Company&amp;#8217;s&#13;AOT prototypes.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;For&#13;the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, our research and development expenses were $279,000 and $578,000, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;AOT&#13;and Joule Heat Product Development and Testing&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company constructs, develops and tests the AOT and Joule Heat technologies with internal resources and through the assistance&#13;of various third party entities. Costs incurred and expensed include fees such as testing fees, purchase of test equipment, pipeline&#13;pumping equipment, crude oil tank batteries, viscometers, SCADA systems, computer equipment, payroll and other related equipment&#13;and various logistical expenses for the purposes of evaluating and testing the Company&amp;#8217;s AOT and Joule Heat prototypes.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Total&#13;expenses incurred during the year ended December 31, 2015, AOT and Joule Heat product development and testing amounted to $216,000&#13;and has been reflected as part of Research and Development expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.&#13;There were no such costs in 2016.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;AOT&#13;Prototypes&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;During&#13;the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company incurred total expenses of $64,500 and $109,500, respectively, in the&#13;manufacture and delivery of the AOT prototype equipment under lease agreements. These expenses have been reflected as part of&#13;Research and Development expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Temple&#13;University Licensing Agreement&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;On&#13;August 1, 2011, the Company and Temple University (&amp;#8220;Temple&amp;#8221;) entered into two (2) Exclusive License Agreements (collectively,&#13;the &amp;#8220;License Agreements&amp;#8221;) relating to Temple&amp;#8217;s patent applications, patents and technical information pertaining&#13;to technology associated with an electric and/or magnetic field assisted fuel injector system (the &amp;#8220;First Temple License&amp;#8221;),&#13;and to technology to reduce crude oil viscosity (the &amp;#8220;Second Temple License&amp;#8221;). The License Agreements are exclusive&#13;and the territory licensed to the Company is worldwide and replace previously issued License Agreements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Pursuant&#13;to the two licensing agreements, the Company&amp;#160;agreed to pay Temple the following: (i) non-refundable license maintenance fee&#13;of $300,000; (ii) annual maintenance fees of $187,500; (iii) royalty fee ranging from 4% up to 7% from revenues generated from&#13;the licensing agreements; and (iv) 25% of all revenues generated from sub-licensees to secure or maintain the sub-license or option&#13;thereon. Temple also agreed to defer $37,500 of the amount due if the Company agrees to fund at least $250,000 in research or&#13;development of Temple&amp;#8217;s patent rights licensed to the Company. The term of the licenses commenced in August 2011 and will&#13;expire upon the expiration of the patents. The agreement can also be terminated by either party upon notification under terms&#13;of the licensing agreements or if the Company ceases the development of the patent or failure to commercialize the patent rights.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Total&#13;expenses recognized during each year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 pursuant to these two agreements amounted to $187,500 each&#13;year and have been reflected in Research and Development expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.&amp;#160;In&#13;addition, the Company also recognized penalty interest of $78,000 due to past due balance in the year ended December 31, 2016.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;As&#13;of December 31, 2016 and 2015, total unpaid fees due to Temple pursuant to these agreements amounted to $726,000 and&#13;$461,000, respectively, which are included as part of Accounts Payable &amp;#8211; licensing agreement in the accompanying&#13;consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2016, payment of $203,000 of the $726,000 payable has been deferred under&#13;terms of the license agreements and the remaining $523,000 is deemed past due. The Company is currently in negotiations with&#13;Temple to settle this amount due.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Temple&#13;University Sponsored Research Agreement&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;On&#13;March 19, 2012, the Company entered into a Sponsored Research Agreement (&amp;#8220;Research Agreement&amp;#8221;) with Temple University&#13;(&amp;#8220;Temple&amp;#8221;), whereby Temple, under the direction of Dr. Rongjia Tao, will perform ongoing research related to the Company&amp;#8217;s&#13;AOT device (the &amp;#8220;Project&amp;#8221;), for the period April 1, 2012, through April 1, 2014. All rights and title to intellectual&#13;property resulting from&amp;#160;Temple&amp;#8217;s work related to the Project shall be subject to the Exclusive License Agreements between&#13;Temple and the Company, dated August 1, 2011. In exchange for Temple&amp;#8217;s research efforts on the Project, the Company has&#13;agreed to pay&amp;#160;Temple&amp;#160;$500,000, payable in quarterly installments of $62,500.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;In&#13;August 2013, the Company and Temple amended the Research Agreement. Under the amended agreement, parties agreed that total cost&#13;for Phase 1 of the agreement was $241,408 and total cost for Phase 2 of the agreement was $258,592 payable beginning September&#13;1, 2013 in eight quarterly installments of $32,324.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;During&#13;the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recognized a total expense of $65,000 pursuant to this agreement and such costs&#13;have been reflected in Research and Development expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. This agreement&#13;expired effective August 31, 2015, as such, no expense was incurred under this agreement in the year ended December 31, 2016.&#13;During the year ended December 31, 2016, Temple University provided a final invoice in the amount of $79,000 reconciling amounts&#13;invoiced against services provided under the Research Agreement. The Company recognized a credit against the amount due under&#13;the Research Agreement in the amount of $50,000, reducing the current payable from $129,000 to $79,000.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;As&#13;of December 31, 2016 and 2015, total unpaid fees due to Temple pursuant to this agreement amounted to $79,000 and $129,000, respectively,&#13;which are included as part of Accounts Payable &amp;#8211; licensing agreement in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As&#13;of December 31, 2016, the entire $79,000 is deemed past due. The Company is currently in negotiations with Temple to settle this&#13;amount due.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwareDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Year&#13;Ending December 31, 2016&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;During&#13;the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company issued an aggregate of 15,213,449 shares of its common stock as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Symbol"&gt;&amp;#183;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The Company issued&#13;    14,913,449 shares of its common stock upon the conversion of $1,491,000 in convertible notes pursuant to the convertible notes&#13;    conversion price of $0.10 per share.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Symbol"&gt;&amp;#183;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The Company also&#13;    issued 300,000 shares of common stock to consultants for services rendered with a fair value of $48,000 which is included&#13;    as part of Operating Expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The shares were valued at the trading&#13;    price at the date of issuance.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Year&#13;Ending December 31, 2015&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;During&#13;the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,803,333 shares of its common stock as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Symbol"&gt;&amp;#183;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The Company issued&#13;    2,603,333 shares of its common stock upon the conversion of $669,000 in convertible notes pursuant to the convertible notes&#13;    conversion price ranging from $0.10 to $0.48 per share.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Symbol"&gt;&amp;#183;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The Company issued&#13;    200,000 shares of its common stock upon exercise of warrants at price of $0.25 per share for total cash proceeds of at $50,000.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company periodically issues stock options and warrants to employees and non-employees in capital raising transactions, for services&#13;and for financing costs. Options and warrants vest and expire according to terms established at the grant date.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Options&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Employee&#13;options vest according to the terms of the specific grant and expire from 5 to 10&amp;#160;years from date of grant. The weighted-average,&#13;remaining contractual life of employee and Non-employee options outstanding at December 31, 2016 was 5.2&amp;#160;years. Stock option&#13;activity for the period January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016, was as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted&#13;                                         Avg.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Options&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted&#13;                                         Avg.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercise&#13;                                         Price&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 66%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Options, January 1, 2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;21,052,030&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.20&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Options granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;838,552&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.46&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13; 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   &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Options forfeited&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(355,434&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.72&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Options, December 31, 2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;21,535,148&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.30&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Options granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2,250,527&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.19&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13; 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   &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Options forfeited&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(311,419&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.75&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Options, December 31, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;23,474,256&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.28&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;weighted average exercise prices, remaining contractual lives for options granted, exercisable, and expected to vest as of December&amp;#160;31,&#13;2016 were as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Outstanding&#13;    Options&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercisable&#13;    Options&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Option&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Exercise&#13;        Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Per Share&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Life&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(Years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Average&#13;        Exercise&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Average&#13;        Exercise&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$ 0.18&#13;    - $ 0.99&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;23,323,810&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;4.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.27&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;22,783,810&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.28&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$ 1.00 - $ 1.99&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;150,446&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;6.6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1.18&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;150,446&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1.18&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;23,474,256&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.28&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;20,671,512&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.28&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;As&#13;of December 31, 2016 the market price of the Company&amp;#8217;s stock was $0.05 per share.&amp;#160; At December 31, 2016 the aggregate&#13;intrinsic value of the options outstanding was $0. Future unamortized compensation expense on the unvested outstanding options&#13;at December 31, 2016 is approximately $41,000.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Year&#13;Ending December 31, 2016&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 48px"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Symbol"&gt;&amp;#183;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;From January through&#13;    May 2016, the Company issued options to purchase a total of 2,250,527 shares of common stock to employees, officers and members&#13;    of the Board of Directors with a fair value of $357,000 using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model. The options are exercisable&#13;    from $0.18 up to $0.19 per share, vesting within one or two years and expiring in ten years from the date of grant. During&#13;    the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized compensation costs of $316,000 based on options that vested.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 48px"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Symbol"&gt;&amp;#183;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;During the year ended&#13;    December 31, 2016, the Company amortized $34,000 of compensation cost based on the vesting of the options granted to employees&#13;    and directors in prior years.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Year&#13;Ending December 31, 2015&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 48px"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Symbol"&gt;&amp;#183;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;From January through&#13;    July 2015, the Company issued options to purchase a total of 838,552 shares of common stock to employees, officers and members&#13;    of the Board of Directors with a fair value of $324,000 using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model. The options are exercisable&#13;    from $0.65 up to $0.99 per share, vesting within one year and expiring in ten years from the date of grant. During the year&#13;    ended December 31, 2015, the Company recognized compensation costs of $324,000 based on the options that vested.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 48px"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 24px"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Symbol"&gt;&amp;#183;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;During the year ended&#13;    December 31, 2015, the Company amortized $366,000 of compensation cost based on the vesting of the options granted to employees&#13;    and directors in prior years.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Black-Scholes&#13;Option Pricing&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company used the following average assumptions in its calculation using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Years&#13;    Ended&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 46%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Expected life (years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;5.5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;5.0&#13;                                         &amp;#8211; 5.5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Risk free interest rate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1.23&#13;                                         &amp;#8211; 1.72&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1.56&#13;                                         &amp;#8211; 1.72&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Volatility&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;119&#13;                                         &amp;#8211; 121&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;106&#13;                                         &amp;#8211; 121&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Expected dividend yield&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;assumptions used in the Black Scholes models referred to above are based upon the following data: (1) the contractual life of&#13;the underlying non-employee options is the expected life. The expected life of the employee option is estimated by considering&#13;the contractual term of the option, the vesting period of the option, the employees&amp;#8217; expected exercise behavior and the&#13;post-vesting employee turnover rate. (2) The expected stock price volatility was based upon the Company&amp;#8217;s historical stock&#13;price over the expected term of the option. (3) The risk free interest rate is based on published U.S. Treasury Department interest&#13;rates for the expected terms of the underlying options. (4) The expected dividend yield was based on the fact that the Company&#13;has not paid dividends to common shareholders in the past and does not expect to pay dividends to common shareholders in the future.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Warrants&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;following table summarizes certain information about the Company&amp;#8217;s stock purchase warrants.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Warrants&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted&#13;                                         Avg.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercise&#13;                                         Price&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 46%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Warrants outstanding, January 1, 2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;5,692,087&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.36&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Warrants granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,796,667&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.20&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Warrants exercised&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(200,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.25&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Warrants cancelled&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(2,877,087&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.36&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;4,411,667&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.31&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Warrants granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;8,735,225&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.11&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13; 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text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;11,446,892&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.15&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;At&#13;December 31, 2016 the price of the Company&amp;#8217;s common stock was $0.05 per share and the aggregate intrinsic value of the warrants&#13;outstanding was $0. Future unamortized compensation expense on the unvested outstanding warrants at December 31, 2016 is approximately&#13;$3,000.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Outstanding&#13;    Warrants&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13; 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   &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;11,446,892&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.15&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;11,346,892&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.15&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Year Ending December&#13;31, 2016&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Symbol"&gt;&amp;#183;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;In January through&#13;    August 2016, pursuant to terms of convertible notes issued, the Company granted warrants to purchase 7,935,225 shares of common&#13;    stock with an exercise price of $0.10 per share, vesting immediately upon grant and expiring one year from the date of grant.&#13;    See Note 5 for further discussion.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Symbol"&gt;&amp;#183;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;In February through&#13;    July 2016 the Company granted warrants to purchase 800,000 shares of common stock to consultants. The options are exercisable&#13;    starting at $0.12 per share to $0.18 per share, 600,000 shares vested immediately and 200,000 shares over vest two years,&#13;    and expire in one to three years from the date granted. The fair value of these warrants was computed using the Black-Scholes&#13;    Option Pricing model with the following assumptions: life of 1 year through 10 years; average stock price of $0.16 per share,&#13;    average risk free interest rate of 0.82%; average volatility of 110% and dividend yield of 0%. During the year ended December&#13;    31, 2016, the Company recognized an expense of $59,000 based on the fair value of warrants that vested.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Symbol"&gt;&amp;#183;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;In May 2016, the&#13;    Company amended the terms of a warrant issued in 2015, extending the expiration date of the warrant by twelve months with&#13;    no changes to the other terms of the original grant. As a result, the Company recorded the incremental change in the fair&#13;    value of this warrant before and after the date of the amendment of $32,000, computed using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing&#13;    model with the following assumptions: life of 1 year; stock price of $0.17 per share, average risk free interest rate of 0.81%;&#13;    average volatility of 97% and dividend yield of 0%. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized an expense&#13;    of $32,000 based on the fair value of the warrant as amended.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Symbol"&gt;&amp;#183;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;During the year ended&#13;    December 31, 2015, the Company amortized $1,000 of compensation cost based on the vesting of the warrants granted to employees,&#13;    directors and consultants in prior years.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Year Ending December&#13;31, 2015&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Symbol"&gt;&amp;#183;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;In January 2015,&#13;    warrants to acquire 200,000 shares of common stock were exercised resulting in gross proceeds of $50,000.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Symbol"&gt;&amp;#183;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;In May through December&#13;    2015, pursuant to terms of convertible notes issued, the Company granted warrants to purchase 1,796,667 shares with exercise&#13;    prices of $0.30 per share and $0.10 per share, vesting immediately upon grant and expiring one year from the date of grant.&#13;    See Note 5 for further discussion.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Symbol"&gt;&amp;#183;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;During the year ended&#13;    December 31, 2015, the Company amortized $39,000 of compensation cost based on the vesting of the warrants granted to employees,&#13;    directors and consultants in prior years.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted&#13;                                         Avg.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Options&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted&#13;                                         Avg.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercise&#13;                                         Price&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 66%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Options, January 1, 2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;21,052,030&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.20&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Options granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;838,552&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.46&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Options exercised&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Options forfeited&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(355,434&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.72&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Options, December 31, 2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;21,535,148&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.30&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Options granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2,250,527&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.19&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Options exercised&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Options forfeited&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(311,419&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.75&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Options, December 31, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;23,474,256&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.28&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Outstanding&#13;    Options&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercisable&#13;    Options&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Option&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Exercise&#13;        Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Per Share&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Life&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(Years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Average&#13;        Exercise&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Average&#13;        Exercise&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$ 0.18&#13;    - $ 0.99&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;23,323,810&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;4.8&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.27&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;22,783,810&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.28&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$ 1.00 - $ 1.99&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;150,446&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;6.6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1.18&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;150,446&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1.18&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;23,474,256&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.28&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;20,671,512&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.28&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock>
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padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 46%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Expected life (years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;5.5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;5.0&#13;                                         &amp;#8211; 5.5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Risk free interest rate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1.23&#13;                                         &amp;#8211; 1.72&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1.56&#13;                                         &amp;#8211; 1.72&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Volatility&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;119&#13;                                         &amp;#8211; 121&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;106&#13;                                         &amp;#8211; 121&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Expected dividend yield&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock>
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margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted&#13;                                         Avg.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercise&#13;                                         Price&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 46%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Warrants outstanding, January 1, 2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;5,692,087&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.36&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Warrants granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,796,667&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.20&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Warrants exercised&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(200,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.25&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Warrants cancelled&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(2,877,087&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.36&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;4,411,667&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.31&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Warrants granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;8,735,225&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.11&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Warrants exercised&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Warrants cancelled&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(1,700,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.30&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;11,446,892&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;0.15&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock>
    <qsep:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockWarrantPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Outstanding&#13;    Warrants&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercisable&#13;    Warrants&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Warrant&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Exercise&#13;        Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Per Share&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Life&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(Years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Average&#13;        Exercise&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Average&#13;        Exercise&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$ 0.10&#13;    - $ 0.99&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;11,446,892&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1.1&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.15&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;11,346,892&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.15&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$ 1.00 - $ 1.99&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;11,446,892&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.15&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;11,346,892&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13; 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    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company did not provide any Federal and State income tax for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 due to the Company&amp;#8217;s&#13;net losses, other than $800 for the minimum state tax provision which was reported as part of operating expense in the accompanying&#13;statements of operations. A reconciliation of income taxes with the amounts computed at the statutory federal rate follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;December&amp;#160;31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 46%; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Computed tax&#13;    provision (benefit) at federal statutory rate (34%)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(593,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(1,065,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;State income taxes, net&#13;    of federal benefit (8.84%)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(154,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(277,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;747,800&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,342,800&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Income tax provision&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;800&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;800&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities recorded on the balance sheet are as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;December&#13;    31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 46%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Net operating loss carry forwards&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;21,552,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;21,000,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Stock based compensation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(181,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(299,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Non-cash interest and financing expenses&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(663,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(306,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Other temporary differences&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(81,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(151,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(20,627,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(20,233,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Total deferred taxes net of valuation allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;As&#13;of December 31, 2016, the Company had net operating losses available for carry forward for state and federal tax purposes of approximately&#13;$54 million expiring through 2036. These carry forward benefits will be subject to annual limitations due to the ownership change&#13;limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. The annual limitation, if imposed, may result in&#13;the expiration of net operating losses before utilization.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;As&#13;of December 31, 2016, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $20,627,000 for its deferred tax assets since the Company&#13;believes that such assets did not meet the more likely than not criteria to be recoverable through projected future profitable&#13;operations in the foreseeable future.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Effective&#13;January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FASB guidance that addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected&#13;to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under this guidance, the Company may recognize the&#13;tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination&#13;by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements&#13;from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized&#13;upon ultimate settlement. The FASB also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income&#13;taxes, accounting in interim periods and requires increased disclosures. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company does not&#13;have a liability for unrecognized tax benefits.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and the state of California. The Company is subject to U.S.&#13;federal or state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years after 2002. During the periods open to examination, the&#13;Company has net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards for U.S. federal and state tax purposes that have attributes from&#13;closed periods. Since these net operating losses and tax credit carry forwards may be utilized in future periods, they remain&#13;subject to examination. The Company&amp;#8217;s policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax provisions as income tax&#13;expense. As of December 31, 2016, the Company has no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The Company&#13;believes that it has not taken any uncertain tax positions that would impact its consolidated financial statements as of December&#13;31, 2016 and 2015.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;December&amp;#160;31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 46%; text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Computed tax&#13;    provision (benefit) at federal statutory rate (34%)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(593,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(1,065,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;State income taxes, net&#13;    of federal benefit (8.84%)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(154,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(277,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;747,800&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,342,800&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Income tax provision&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;800&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;800&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:SummaryOfOperatingLossCarryforwardsTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.5in"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;December&#13;    31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2015&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 46%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Net operating loss carry forwards&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;21,552,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;21,000,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Stock based compensation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(181,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(299,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Non-cash interest and financing expenses&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(663,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(306,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Other temporary differences&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(81,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(151,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(20,627,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(20,233,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Total deferred taxes net of valuation allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:SummaryOfOperatingLossCarryforwardsTextBlock>
    <qsep:DepositConvertedToNotePayable contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">25000</qsep:DepositConvertedToNotePayable>
    <qsep:DepositConvertedToNotePayable contextRef="From2015-01-01to2015-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">0</qsep:DepositConvertedToNotePayable>
    <us-gaap:SharesOutstanding contextRef="AsOf2016-12-31_CommonStockMember" unitRef="Shares" decimals="INF">199045026</us-gaap:SharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:SharesOutstanding contextRef="AsOf2014-12-31_CommonStockMember" unitRef="Shares" decimals="INF">181028244</us-gaap:SharesOutstanding>
    <qsep:CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued contextRef="From2015-01-01to2015-12-31_CommonStockMember" unitRef="Shares" decimals="INF">200000</qsep:CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued>
    <qsep:CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount contextRef="From2015-01-01to2015-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">50000</qsep:CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount>
    <qsep:CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount contextRef="From2015-01-01to2015-12-31_CommonStockMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">200</qsep:CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount>
    <qsep:CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount contextRef="From2015-01-01to2015-12-31_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">49800</qsep:CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">442000</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">442000</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue contextRef="From2015-01-01to2015-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">729000</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue>
    <us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue contextRef="From2015-01-01to2015-12-31_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">729000</us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue>
    <qsep:FairValueOfOptionsAndWarrantsIssuedAsCompensation contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">442000</qsep:FairValueOfOptionsAndWarrantsIssuedAsCompensation>
    <qsep:FairValueOfOptionsAndWarrantsIssuedAsCompensation contextRef="From2015-01-01to2015-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">729000</qsep:FairValueOfOptionsAndWarrantsIssuedAsCompensation>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1 contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">-3000</us-gaap:GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1>
    <us-gaap:GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1 contextRef="From2015-01-01to2015-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">0</us-gaap:GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">38000</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals>
    <qsep:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">35000</qsep:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation>
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background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2020&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;187,500&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;187,500&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2021&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;187,500&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;187,500&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;4,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;937,500&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,284,300&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2,225,800&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&#13;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;___________________&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Consists of rent&#13;    for the Company&amp;#8217;s Santa Barbara Hollister office expiring on May 31, 2017.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13; 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                                   at a base annual salary of $290,000 through March 31, 2017 and severance in the amount of&#13;                                    $580,000 that will be paid through March 31, 2019 pursuant to a separation agreement effective&#13;                                    April 1, 2017; ii) an executive officer, pursuant to a two-year employment agreement effective&#13;                                    April 1, 2017 at a base annual salary of $150,000 per year under a two-year contract effective&#13;                                    April 1, 2017; iii) an executive officer, pursuant to an employment agreement at a base annual&#13;                                    salary of $158,400 per year; and iv) and a severance agreement of a former officer in the&#13;                                    amount of $15,000.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&#13;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; 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    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="center" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 72%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Year ending December 31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Office Lease (1)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;License Agreements&#13;    (2)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Compensation Agreements&#13;    (3)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Total Obligations&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;4,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;187,500&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;536,300&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;727,800&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;187,500&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;598,400&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;785,900&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2019&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13; 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background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2020&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;187,500&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13; 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   &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;187,500&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;187,500&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13; 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text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,284,300&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2,225,800&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock>
    <qsep:ConversionPriceRange contextRef="From2016-01-01to2016-12-31">$0.10</qsep:ConversionPriceRange>
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      <link:footnote xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:label="Footnote-01" xml:lang="en-US">Consists of rent for the Company's Santa Barbara Hollister office expiring on May 31, 2017.</link:footnote>
      <link:footnote xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:label="Footnote-02" xml:lang="en-US">Consists of license maintenance fees to Temple University in the amount of $187,500 paid annually through the life of the underlying patents or until otherwise terminated by either party.</link:footnote>
      <link:footnote xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:label="Footnote-03" xml:lang="en-US">Consists of base salary and certain contractually-provided benefits, to i) an executive officer, pursuant to an employment agreement at a base annual salary of $290,000 through March 31, 2017 and severance in the amount of $580,000 that will be paid through March 31, 2019 pursuant to a separation agreement effective April 1, 2017; ii) an executive officer, pursuant to a two-year employment agreement effective April 1, 2017 at a base annual salary of $150,000 per year under a two-year contract effective April 1, 2017; iii) an executive officer, pursuant to an employment agreement at a base annual salary of $158,400 per year; and iv) and a severance agreement of a former officer in the amount of $15,000.</link:footnote>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.CAL
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>qsep-20161231_cal.xml
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_OptionPrice1Member" xlink:label="qsep_OptionPrice1Member" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_OptionPrice1Member" xlink:to="qsep_OptionPrice1Member_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_OptionPrice1Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Option Price 1 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_OptionPrice2Member" xlink:label="qsep_OptionPrice2Member" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_OptionPrice2Member" xlink:to="qsep_OptionPrice2Member_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_OptionPrice2Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">$ 1.00 - $ 1.99 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_WarrantMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_WarrantMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WarrantMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_WarrantMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WarrantMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_WarrantPrice1Member" xlink:label="qsep_WarrantPrice1Member" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_WarrantPrice1Member" xlink:to="qsep_WarrantPrice1Member_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_WarrantPrice1Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrant Price 1 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_WarrantPrice2Member" xlink:label="qsep_WarrantPrice2Member" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_WarrantPrice2Member" xlink:to="qsep_WarrantPrice2Member_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_WarrantPrice2Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">$1.00 - $1.99 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others, Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember" xlink:label="qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember" xlink:to="qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Temple University License Agreements [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deficit Accumulated [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Antidilutive Securities [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Notes [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment, Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Office equipment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Furniture and fixtures [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_TestingEquipmentMember" xlink:label="qsep_TestingEquipmentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_TestingEquipmentMember" xlink:to="qsep_TestingEquipmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_TestingEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Testing equipment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_AOTPrototypeMember" xlink:label="qsep_AOTPrototypeMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_AOTPrototypeMember" xlink:to="qsep_AOTPrototypeMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_AOTPrototypeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">AOT Prototypes [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_AOTJouleHeatProductMember" xlink:label="qsep_AOTJouleHeatProductMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_AOTJouleHeatProductMember" xlink:to="qsep_AOTJouleHeatProductMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_AOTJouleHeatProductMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">AOT and Joule Heat Product Development and Testing [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_TempleUniversityResearchDevelopmentAgreementMember" xlink:label="qsep_TempleUniversityResearchDevelopmentAgreementMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_TempleUniversityResearchDevelopmentAgreementMember" xlink:to="qsep_TempleUniversityResearchDevelopmentAgreementMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_TempleUniversityResearchDevelopmentAgreementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Temple University Sponsored Research Agreement [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance Sheet Location [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_AccountsPayableDeferredMember" xlink:label="qsep_AccountsPayableDeferredMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_AccountsPayableDeferredMember" xlink:to="qsep_AccountsPayableDeferredMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_AccountsPayableDeferredMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable deferred [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_AccountPayablePastDueMember" xlink:label="qsep_AccountPayablePastDueMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_AccountPayablePastDueMember" xlink:to="qsep_AccountPayablePastDueMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_AccountPayablePastDueMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable past due [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Conversion Description [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_ConvertNotesMember" xlink:label="qsep_ConvertNotesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ConvertNotesMember" xlink:to="qsep_ConvertNotesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_ConvertNotesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Notes converted [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_ExerciseOfWarrantsMember" xlink:label="qsep_ExerciseOfWarrantsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ExerciseOfWarrantsMember" xlink:to="qsep_ExerciseOfWarrantsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_ExerciseOfWarrantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise of Warrants [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_FormerPresidentMember" xlink:label="qsep_FormerPresidentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_FormerPresidentMember" xlink:to="qsep_FormerPresidentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_FormerPresidentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Former President</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_UnpaidSalariesMember" xlink:label="qsep_UnpaidSalariesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_UnpaidSalariesMember" xlink:to="qsep_UnpaidSalariesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_UnpaidSalariesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unpaid Salaries [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Counterparty Name [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_ConsultantsMember" xlink:label="qsep_ConsultantsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ConsultantsMember" xlink:to="qsep_ConsultantsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_ConsultantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Consultants [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Transaction Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_ConvertibleNotesMember" xlink:label="qsep_ConvertibleNotesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ConvertibleNotesMember" xlink:to="qsep_ConvertibleNotesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="qsep_ConvertibleNotesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Notes [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Commitments [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_LicenseAgreementsMember" xlink:label="qsep_LicenseAgreementsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_LicenseAgreementsMember" xlink:to="qsep_LicenseAgreementsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_LicenseAgreementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">License Agreements [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_CompensationAgreementsMember" xlink:label="qsep_CompensationAgreementsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_CompensationAgreementsMember" xlink:to="qsep_CompensationAgreementsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_CompensationAgreementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Agreements [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_TerminationFeesPayableMember" xlink:label="qsep_TerminationFeesPayableMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_TerminationFeesPayableMember" xlink:to="qsep_TerminationFeesPayableMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_TerminationFeesPayableMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Termination Fees Payable [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" xlink:label="qsep_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" xlink:to="qsep_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document And Entity Information</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Is Entity a Well-known Seasoned Issuer?</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Is Entity a Voluntary Filer?</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Is Entity's Reporting Status Current?</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:to="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Public Float</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">ASSETS</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current assets:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Cash" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Cash" xlink:to="us-gaap_Cash_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total current assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $32,000 and $60,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S DEFICIT</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current liabilities:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable-license agreements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable and accrued expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued expenses -related parties</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deposit and other current liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible debentures, net of discounts of $92,000 and $101,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total current liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and contingencies</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stockholder's deficit</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, $0.001 par value: 300,000,000 shares authorized 199,045,026 and 183,831,577 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional paid-in capital</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated deficit</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated depreciation</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Discounts on convertible debentures</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares authorized</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Statement [Abstract]</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:to="us-gaap_Revenues_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Revenues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenues</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Costs and Expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Research and development expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss before other income (expense)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other income</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InterestAndDebtExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestAndDebtExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestAndDebtExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestAndDebtExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestAndDebtExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest and financing expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss on disposition of equipment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss per common share, basic and diluted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Line Items]</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Beginning balance, shares</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Beginning balance, value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued" xlink:label="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued" xlink:to="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount" xlink:label="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued for services, shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued for services, value</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ending balance, shares</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ending balance, value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash flows from Operating Activities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAndWarrantsIssuedAsCompensation" xlink:label="qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAndWarrantsIssuedAsCompensation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAndWarrantsIssuedAsCompensation" xlink:to="qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAndWarrantsIssuedAsCompensation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAndWarrantsIssuedAsCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair value of options and warrants issued as compensation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IssuanceOfStockAndWarrantsForServicesOrClaims" xlink:label="us-gaap_IssuanceOfStockAndWarrantsForServicesOrClaims" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IssuanceOfStockAndWarrantsForServicesOrClaims" xlink:to="us-gaap_IssuanceOfStockAndWarrantsForServicesOrClaims_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IssuanceOfStockAndWarrantsForServicesOrClaims_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued for services</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts" xlink:to="us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization of debt discounts</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InterestOnConvertibleDebtNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestOnConvertibleDebtNetOfTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestOnConvertibleDebtNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestOnConvertibleDebtNetOfTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestOnConvertibleDebtNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest expenses added to notes payable</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss on disposition of equipment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation and amortization</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Prepaid expenses and other assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable - license agreements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable and accrued expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableRelatedParties" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableRelatedParties" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableRelatedParties" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableRelatedParties_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableRelatedParties_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued expenses - related parties</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deposit and other current liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash used in operating activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash flows from investing activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase of equipment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash used in investing activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash flows from financing activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net proceeds from issuance of convertible notes and warrants</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_NetProceedsFromExerciseOfWarrantsAndOptions" xlink:label="qsep_NetProceedsFromExerciseOfWarrantsAndOptions" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_NetProceedsFromExerciseOfWarrantsAndOptions" xlink:to="qsep_NetProceedsFromExerciseOfWarrantsAndOptions_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_NetProceedsFromExerciseOfWarrantsAndOptions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net proceeds from exercise of warrants and options</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash provided by financing activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashPeriodIncreaseDecrease" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashPeriodIncreaseDecrease" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashPeriodIncreaseDecrease" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashPeriodIncreaseDecrease_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashPeriodIncreaseDecrease_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net decrease in cash</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Cash" xlink:to="us-gaap_Cash_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, beginning of period</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Cash" xlink:to="us-gaap_Cash_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, end of period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowElementsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowElementsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowElementsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowElementsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowElementsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPaidNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash paid during the year for: Interest</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash paid during the year for: Income taxes</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-cash investing and financing activities</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-Based Compensation</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_UseOfEstimates" xlink:to="us-gaap_UseOfEstimates_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_UseOfEstimates_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Estimates</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair value of financial instruments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Costs</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy" xlink:label="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy" xlink:to="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Patent costs</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and equipment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Notes and Warrants</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock options outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Options outstanding by Per Share Price</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Assumptions</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockWarrantPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock" xlink:label="qsep_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockWarrantPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockWarrantPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock" xlink:to="qsep_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockWarrantPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockWarrantPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants outstanding by Per Share Price</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Future minimum rental payments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Reconciliation of income tax provision</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SummaryOfOperatingLossCarryforwardsTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_SummaryOfOperatingLossCarryforwardsTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SummaryOfOperatingLossCarryforwardsTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_SummaryOfOperatingLossCarryforwardsTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SummaryOfOperatingLossCarryforwardsTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net operating loss carryforwards</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash flow from operations</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_4_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_4_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stockholders' equity (deficiency)</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Cash" xlink:to="us-gaap_Cash_4_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash_4_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash on Hand</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Impairment on long-lived assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Antidilutive shares excluded from loss per share</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LicenseCosts" xlink:label="us-gaap_LicenseCosts" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LicenseCosts" xlink:to="us-gaap_LicenseCosts_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LicenseCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Patent costs</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable to related parties</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and equipment, gross</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less: accumulated depreciation</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and equipment, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cost of property disposed</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation" xlink:label="qsep_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated depreciation of disposed property</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss on disposition of property</link:label>
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subtotal</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible note discount</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total convertible notes and warrants</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible notes issued</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from convertible notes</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants granted with note</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_ConversionPriceRange" xlink:label="qsep_ConversionPriceRange" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ConversionPriceRange" xlink:to="qsep_ConversionPriceRange_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_ConversionPriceRange_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Conversion price range</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_OriginalIssueDiscount" xlink:label="qsep_OriginalIssueDiscount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_OriginalIssueDiscount" xlink:to="qsep_OriginalIssueDiscount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_OriginalIssueDiscount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Original Issue Discount</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible note gross</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unamortized discount</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible notes balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt converted during year</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt converted, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest expense</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued interest</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Research and development expenses incurred</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable - licensing agreement</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Penalty interest</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued upon conversion, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued upon conversion, value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from exercise of warrants</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued for services, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Beginning Balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Granted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercised</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Forfeited</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ending Balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding Beginning Balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercised</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Forfeited</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding Ending Balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract" xlink:label="qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract" xlink:to="qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding Options</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Options outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Life (Years), options outstanding</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, options outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract" xlink:label="qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract" xlink:to="qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercisable Options</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Options exercisable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, options exercisable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTermSimplifiedMethod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTermSimplifiedMethod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTermSimplifiedMethod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTermSimplifiedMethod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTermSimplifiedMethod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Expected life (years)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Risk free interest rate-minimum</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Risk free interest rate-maximum</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Volatility-miminum</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Volatility-maximum</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Expected dividend yield</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Beginning Balance</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Granted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercised</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExpirations" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExpirations" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExpirations" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExpirations_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExpirations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cancelled</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ending Balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding Beginning Balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercised</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Cancelled</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding Ending Balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract" xlink:label="qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract" xlink:to="qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding Warrants</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Life (Years), warrants outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, warrants outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_ExercisableWarrantsAbstract" xlink:label="qsep_ExercisableWarrantsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ExercisableWarrantsAbstract" xlink:to="qsep_ExercisableWarrantsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_ExercisableWarrantsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercisable Warrants</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants exercisable</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, warrants exercisable</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted average remaining contractual life</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Future unamortized compensation expense on unvested warrants</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate intrinsic value of warrants</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants issued</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Options granted, shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20161231.xsd#qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate" xlink:label="qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate" xlink:to="qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair value of options at grant date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation costs recognized</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation costs amortized</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to warrants</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants exercised, stock issued</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from warrant exercises</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2017</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2018</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2019</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2020</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2021</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Future minimum operating lease commitment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other commitment, 2017</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other commitment, 2018</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other commitment, 2019</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other commitment, 2020</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other commitment, 2021</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherCommitment" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherCommitment" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherCommitment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other commitment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LeaseAndRentalExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseAndRentalExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseAndRentalExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseAndRentalExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseAndRentalExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rent expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Federal tax rate</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Computed tax provision (benefit) at federal statutory rate (34%)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">State income taxes, net of federal benefit</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Valuation allowance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2016/elts/us-gaap-2016-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income tax provision</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_AOTPrototypeMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">AOT Prototype Member</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_CompensationAgreementsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Agreements Member</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_ConsultantsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Consultants Member</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ConvertibleNotesMember" xlink:to="qsep_ConvertibleNotesMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_ConvertibleNotesMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible notes [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_EmployeesAndDirectorsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Employees And Directors Member</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_EmployeesDirectorsConsultantsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Employees Directors and Consultants [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract" xlink:to="qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Options Exercisable [Abstract]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_ExercisableWarrantsAbstract_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants exercisable [Abstract]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_ExerciseOfWarrantsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise of Warrants [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate" xlink:to="qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Fair value of options at grant date</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_FormerPresidentMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Former President Member</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_NetProceedsFromExerciseOfWarrantsAndOptions_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Net proceeds from exercise of warrants and options</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_OriginalIssueDiscount_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Original Issue Discount</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding options [Abstract]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants outstanding [Abstract]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Temple university license agreements.</link:label>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6798594656">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 30, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract', window );"><strong>Document And Entity Information</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">QS ENERGY, INC.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001103795<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">10-K<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Dec. 31,  2016<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer', window );">Is Entity a Well-known Seasoned Issuer?</a></td>
<td class="text">No<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers', window );">Is Entity a Voluntary Filer?</a></td>
<td class="text">No<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus', window );">Is Entity's Reporting Status Current?</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory', window );">Entity Filer Category</a></td>
<td class="text">Smaller Reporting Company<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,226,426<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Period Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">FY<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Year Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">2016<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityPublicFloat', window );">Entity Public Float</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,752,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>If the value is true, then the document is an amendment to previously-filed/accepted document.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal period of the document report. For a first quarter 2006 quarterly report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, the first fiscal quarter should be given as the fiscal period focus. Values: FY, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, H1, H2, M9, T1, T2, T3, M8, CY.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fiscalPeriodItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal year of the document report in CCYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word "Other".</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12b<br> -Subsection 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate "Yes" or "No" whether registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: (1) Large Accelerated Filer, (2) Accelerated Filer, (3) Non-accelerated Filer, (4) Smaller Reporting Company (Non-accelerated) or (5) Smaller Reporting Accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFilerCategory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:filerCategoryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityPublicFloat">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>State aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to price at which the common equity was last sold, or average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter. The public float should be reported on the cover page of the registrants form 10K.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityPublicFloat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12b<br> -Subsection 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate "Yes" or "No" if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate "Yes" or "No" if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Is used on Form Type: 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, 20-F, 6-K, 10-K/A, 10-Q/A, 20-F/A, 6-K/A, N-CSR, N-Q, N-1A.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6801644656">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Cash', window );">Cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 136,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 349,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">26,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">51,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">162,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">400,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $32,000 and $60,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively</a></td>
<td class="nump">17,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">186,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">428,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable-license agreements</a></td>
<td class="nump">805,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">590,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accounts payable and accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">251,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">182,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses -related parties</a></td>
<td class="nump">135,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">191,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Deposit and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent', window );">Convertible debentures, net of discounts of $92,000 and $101,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively</a></td>
<td class="nump">348,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">222,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,544,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,210,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Stockholder's deficit</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Common stock, $0.001 par value: 300,000,000 shares authorized 199,045,026 and 183,831,577 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively</a></td>
<td class="nump">199,045<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">183,832<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">103,716,955<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">100,308,168<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(105,274,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(101,274,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total stockholders'deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,358,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(782,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 186,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 428,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying values as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and due within one year (or the operating cycle, if longer), including liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received, taxes, interest, rent and utilities, accrued salaries and bonuses, payroll taxes and fringe benefits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19,20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount for accounts payable to related parties. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6457730&amp;loc=d3e39549-107864<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6457730&amp;loc=d3e39603-107864<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6457730&amp;loc=d3e39622-107864<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(k)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Excess of issue price over par or stated value of the entity's capital stock and amounts received from other transactions involving the entity's stock or stockholders. Includes adjustments to additional paid in capital. Some examples of such adjustments include recording the issuance of debt with a beneficial conversion feature and certain tax consequences of equity instruments awarded to employees. Use this element for the aggregate amount of additional paid-in capital associated with common and preferred stock. For additional paid-in capital associated with only common stock, use the element additional paid in capital, common stock. For additional paid-in capital associated with only preferred stock, use the element additional paid in capital, preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(12))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(11))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold, or consumed within one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer). Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.9)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6801-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Cash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Cash<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6506951<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Cash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the portion of long-term debt due within one year or the operating cycle if longer identified as Convertible Notes Payable. Convertible Notes Payable is a written promise to pay a note which can be exchanged for a specified amount of another, related security, at the option of the issuer and the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(23))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(25))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(32))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.21)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expenses incurred but not yet paid classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e7018-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Current Liabilities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6509677<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6911-107765<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6935-107765<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.17)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(7))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cumulative amount of the reporting entity's undistributed earnings or deficit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27010918&amp;loc=d3e74512-122707<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6798717296">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract', window );"><strong>Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Accumulated depreciation</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 32,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 60,000<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount', window );">Discounts on convertible debentures</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 92,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 101,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">300,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">199,045,026<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">183,831,577<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Common stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">199,045,026<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">183,831,577<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization for physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.14)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization, of debt discount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64930785&amp;loc=d3e28541-108399<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64930739&amp;loc=d3e28878-108400<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6790456112">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Statement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Costs and Expenses</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Operating expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,103,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,915,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">279,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">578,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Loss before other income (expense)</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,382,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,493,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Other income</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestAndDebtExpense', window );">Interest and financing expense</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,617,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(747,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1', window );">Loss on disposition of equipment</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (4,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,229,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted', window );">Net loss per common share, basic and diluted</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.02)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.02)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted', window );">Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted</a></td>
<td class="nump">192,831,810<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">182,267,719<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostsAndExpensesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income or loss for the period per each share in instances when basic and diluted earnings per share are the same amount and reported as a single line item on the face of the financial statements.  Basic earnings per share is the amount of net income or loss for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.  Diluted earnings per share includes the amount of net income or loss for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) on sale or disposal of assets, including but not limited to property plant and equipment, intangible assets and equity in securities of subsidiaries or equity method investee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68055307&amp;loc=d3e2443-110228<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations before deduction of income tax expense (benefit) and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest, and addition of income (loss) from equity method investments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)(1)(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestAndDebtExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Interest and debt related expenses associated with nonoperating financing activities of the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6450988&amp;loc=d3e26243-108391<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestAndDebtExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Net Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831255<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Other Comprehensive Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831270<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (expense) related to nonoperating activities, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.9)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility, and costs allocated in accounting for a business combination to in-process projects deemed to have no alternative future use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420194&amp;loc=d3e21568-108373<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128462-111756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Revenues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Revenues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6798733152">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Common Stock [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Deficit Accumulated [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Total</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Beginning balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2014</a></td>
<td class="nump">181,028,244<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Beginning balance, value at Dec. 31, 2014</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 181,028<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 98,231,972<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (97,045,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,368,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued', window );">Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount', window );">Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants, amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">49,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities', window );">Common stock issued on conversion of notes payable, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,603,333<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecuritiesNetOfAdjustments', window );">Common stock issued on conversion of notes payable, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,604<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">666,396<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">669,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature', window );">Fair value of warrants and beneficial conversion feature of issued convertible notes</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">631,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">631,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Fair value of options and warrants issued as compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">729,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">729,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,229,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,229,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Ending balance, value at Dec. 31, 2015</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(782,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities', window );">Common stock issued on conversion of notes payable, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,913,449<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecuritiesNetOfAdjustments', window );">Common stock issued on conversion of notes payable, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,913<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,476,087<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,491,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices', window );">Common stock issued for services, shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices', window );">Common stock issued for services, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature', window );">Fair value of warrants and beneficial conversion feature of issued convertible notes</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,443,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,443,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Fair value of options and warrants issued as compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">442,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">442,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Ending balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2016</a></td>
<td class="nump">199,045,026<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Ending balance, value at Dec. 31, 2016</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 199,045<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 103,716,955<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (105,274,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,358,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants, amount</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants, shares issued</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in additional paid in capital (APIC) resulting from recognition of deferred taxes for convertible debt with a beneficial conversion feature.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 51<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=75116239&amp;loc=d3e34017-109320<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Beneficial Conversion Feature<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6505963<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This element represents the amount of recognized equity-based compensation during the period, that is, the amount recognized as expense in the income statement (or as asset if compensation is capitalized). Alternate captions include the words "stock-based compensation".</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66904339&amp;loc=d3e4534-113899<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5047-113901<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65896087&amp;loc=d3e11149-113907<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65896087&amp;loc=d3e11178-113907<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Net Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831255<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Other Comprehensive Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831270<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued which are neither cancelled nor held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued during the period as a result of the conversion of convertible securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-30)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21475-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued in lieu of cash for services contributed to the entity. Number of shares includes, but is not limited to, shares issued for services contributed by vendors and founders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecuritiesNetOfAdjustments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net amount of stock issued during the period upon the conversion of convertible securities, net of adjustments (for example, to additional paid in capital) including the write-off of an equity component recognized to record the convertible debt instrument as two separate components - a debt component and an equity component. This item is meant to disclose the value of shares issued on conversion of convertible securities that were recorded as two separate (debt and equity) components.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecuritiesNetOfAdjustments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued in lieu of cash for services contributed to the entity. Value of the stock issued includes, but is not limited to, services contributed by vendors and founders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27010918&amp;loc=d3e74512-122707<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_RetainedEarningsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>19
<FILENAME>R6.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6799298384">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash flows from Operating Activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net Loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (4,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,229,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAndWarrantsIssuedAsCompensation', window );">Fair value of options and warrants issued as compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">442,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">729,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IssuanceOfStockAndWarrantsForServicesOrClaims', window );">Common stock issued for services</a></td>
<td class="nump">48,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts', window );">Amortization of debt discounts</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,596,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">702,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestOnConvertibleDebtNetOfTax', window );">Interest expenses added to notes payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1', window );">Loss on disposition of equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets', window );">Prepaid expenses and other assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">24,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable', window );">Accounts payable - license agreements</a></td>
<td class="nump">215,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">185,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities', window );">Accounts payable and accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">69,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableRelatedParties', window );">Accrued expenses - related parties</a></td>
<td class="num">(56,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(69,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities', window );">Deposit and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Net cash used in operating activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,626,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,596,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash flows from investing activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Purchase of equipment</a></td>
<td class="num">(5,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(13,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Net cash used in investing activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(5,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(13,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash flows from financing activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt', window );">Net proceeds from issuance of convertible notes and warrants</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,418,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">660,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_NetProceedsFromExerciseOfWarrantsAndOptions', window );">Net proceeds from exercise of warrants and options</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Net cash provided by financing activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,418,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">710,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashPeriodIncreaseDecrease', window );">Net decrease in cash</a></td>
<td class="num">(213,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,899,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Cash', window );">Cash, beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">349,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,248,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Cash', window );">Cash, end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">136,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">349,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowElementsAbstract', window );"><strong>Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet', window );">Cash paid during the year for: Interest</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet', window );">Cash paid during the year for: Income taxes</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-cash investing and financing activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecuritiesNetOfAdjustments', window );">Conversion of convertible debentures to common stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,491,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">669,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_DepositConvertedToNotePayable', window );">Deposit converted to note payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature', window );">Fair value of warrants and beneficial conversion feature associated with issued convertible notes</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,443,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 631,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_DepositConvertedToNotePayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Deposit converted to note payable</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_DepositConvertedToNotePayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAndWarrantsIssuedAsCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of options and warrants issued as compensation</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAndWarrantsIssuedAsCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_NetProceedsFromExerciseOfWarrantsAndOptions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net proceeds from exercise of warrants and options</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_NetProceedsFromExerciseOfWarrantsAndOptions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in additional paid in capital (APIC) resulting from recognition of deferred taxes for convertible debt with a beneficial conversion feature.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 51<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=75116239&amp;loc=d3e34017-109320<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Beneficial Conversion Feature<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6505963<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization expense attributable to debt discount (premium) and debt issuance costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Cash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Cash<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6506951<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Cash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashPeriodIncreaseDecrease">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash. Cash is the amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Includes effect from exchange rate changes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=49171198&amp;loc=d3e33268-110906<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashPeriodIncreaseDecrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The current period expense charged against earnings on long-lived, physical assets not used in production, and which are not intended for resale, to allocate or recognize the cost of such assets over their useful lives; or to record the reduction in book value of an intangible asset over the benefit period of such asset; or to reflect consumption during the period of an asset that is not used in production.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) on sale or disposal of assets, including but not limited to property plant and equipment, intangible assets and equity in securities of subsidiaries or equity method investee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68055307&amp;loc=d3e2443-110228<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of cash paid during the current period to foreign, federal, state, and local authorities as taxes on income, net of any cash received during the current period as refunds for the overpayment of taxes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4297-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate amount of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the amounts payable to vendors for goods and services received and the amount of obligations and expenses incurred but not paid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableRelatedParties">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the obligations due for goods and services provided by the following types of related parties: a parent company and its subsidiaries, subsidiaries of a common parent, an entity and trust for the benefit of employees, such as pension and profit-sharing trusts that are managed by or under the trusteeship of the entities' management, an entity and its principal owners, management, or member of their immediate families, affiliates, or other parties with the ability to exert significant influence.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableRelatedParties</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in current liabilities classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in prepaid expenses, and assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestOnConvertibleDebtNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The after-tax amount of interest recognized in the period associated with any convertible debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64863997&amp;loc=d3e1505-109256<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestOnConvertibleDebtNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of cash paid for interest during the period net of cash paid for interest that is capitalized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4297-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestPaidNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IssuanceOfStockAndWarrantsForServicesOrClaims">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of share-based compensation granted to nonemployees as payment for services rendered or acknowledged claims.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IssuanceOfStockAndWarrantsForServicesOrClaims</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) of financing activities, excluding discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 26<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3574-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesContinuingOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) of investing activities, excluding discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 26<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3574-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesContinuingOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, excluding discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3536-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Net Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831255<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Other Comprehensive Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831270<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale; includes cash outflows to pay for construction of self-constructed assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Investing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6516133<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6794517152">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>1. Description of Business<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">QS
Energy, Inc. (&#8220;QS Energy&#8221;, &#8220;Company&#8221;) was incorporated on February 18, 1998, as a Nevada Corporation under
the name Mandalay Capital Corporation. The Company changed its name to Save the World Air, Inc. on February 11, 1999. Effective
August 11, 2015, the Company changed its name to QS Energy, Inc. The Company&#8217;s common stock is quoted under the symbol &#8220;QSEP&#8221;
on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board. More information including the Company&#8217;s fact sheet, logos and media articles are
available at our corporate website, www.qsenergy.com.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">QS
Energy develops and commercializes energy efficiency technologies that assist in meeting increasing global energy demands, improving
the economics of oil extraction and transport, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Company's intellectual properties include
a portfolio of domestic and international patents and patents pending, a substantial portion of which have been developed in conjunction
with and exclusively licensed from Temple University of Philadelphia, PA (&#8220;Temple&#8221;). QS Energy's primary technology
is called Applied Oil Technology&#8482; (AOT), a commercial-grade crude oil pipeline transportation flow-assurance product. Engineered
specifically to reduce pipeline pressure loss, increase pipeline flow rate and capacity, and reduce shippers&#8217; reliance on
diluents and drag reducing agents to meet pipeline maximum viscosity requirements, AOT is a 100% solid-state system that reduces
crude oil viscosity by applying a high intensity electrical field to crude oil feedstock while in transit. The AOT product has
transitioned from the research and development stage to initial production for continued testing in advance of our goal of seeking
acceptance and adoption by the midstream pipeline marketplace.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company also began commercial development of a suite of products based around the Joule Heat technology. The Company began fabrication
of prototype equipment to be operated under a joint development agreement with a commercial entity in the fourth quarter of 2014.
The Company&#8217;s first Joule Heat prototype was installed for testing purposes at the Newfield facility in June 2015 and the
system is operational; however, changes to the prototype configuration will be required to determine commercial effectiveness
of this unit. In addition, the Company filed two additional provisional patents related to the technology&#8217;s method and apparatus.
In December 2015, we temporarily suspended Joule Heat development activities to focus Company resources on finalizing commercial
development of the AOT Midstream. We currently plan to resume Joule Heat development in 2017 depending on the availability of
sufficient capital and other resources.</font></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=35735333&amp;loc=d3e288-107754<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68058157&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 272<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6373374&amp;loc=d3e70478-108055<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64809438&amp;loc=d3e5614-111684<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6359566&amp;loc=d3e326-107755<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6786639424">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Consolidation
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements of QS Energy Inc. include the accounts of QS Energy Inc. (the Parent) and its wholly
owned subsidiaries, QS Energy Pool, Inc. and STWA Asia Pte. Limited. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated
in consolidation.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Going Concern</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization
of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As reflected in the accompanying
consolidated financial statements, during the twelve-months ended December 31, 2016, the Company incurred a net loss of $4,000,000,
used cash in operations of $1,626,000 and had a stockholders&#8217; deficit of $1,358,000 as of that date. These factors raise
substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial
statements are issued. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the Company&#8217;s ability
to raise additional funds and implement its business plan. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might
be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">At
December 31, 2016, the Company had cash on hand in the amount of $136,000. Management estimates that the current funds on hand
will be sufficient to continue operations through April 2017. Management is currently seeking additional funds, primarily through
the issuance of debt and equity securities for cash to operate our business, including without limitation the expenses it will
incur in connection with the license and research and development agreements with Temple University; costs associated with product
development and commercialization of the AOT technology; costs to manufacture and ship the products; costs to design and implement
an effective system of internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures; costs of maintaining our status as a public company
by filing periodic reports with the SEC and costs required to protect our intellectual property. In addition, as discussed below,
the Company has substantial contractual commitments, including without limitation, payment of license and other fees to Temple
University, salaries to our executive officers pursuant to employment agreements, certain payments to a former officer and consulting
fees, during the remainder of 2017 and beyond.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">No
assurance can be given that any future financing will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory
to the Company. Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing, it may contain undue restrictions on our operations,
in the case of debt financing or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders in case of equity financing.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Revenue Recognition
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company recognizes lease revenue upon commencement of the lease. Revenue on future product sales will be recognized upon meeting
the following criteria: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services rendered; the seller's
price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Property and Equipment
and Depreciation</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Property
and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives
of the assets, generally ranging from three to ten years. Expenditures for major renewals and improvements that extend the useful
lives of property and equipment are capitalized. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred.
Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset
or the lease term.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Impairment of Long-lived
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Our
long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment at least annually, or when events and circumstances
indicate that depreciable or amortizable long lived assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated
by those assets are less than the carrying amount of those assets. When specific assets are determined to be unrecoverable, the
cost basis of the asset is reduced to reflect the current value.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">We
use various assumptions in determining the current fair value of these assets, including future expected cash flows and discount
rates, as well as other fair value measures. Our impairment loss calculations require us to apply judgment in estimating future
cash flows, including forecasting useful lives of the assets and selecting the discount rate that reflects the risk inherent in
future cash flows.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">If
actual results are not consistent with our assumptions and judgments used in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values,
we may be exposed to future impairment losses that could be material to our results. Based upon management&#8217;s annual review,
no impairments were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2016, and 2015.</font></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Loss per Share</u></b></font></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Basic
loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares
outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share reflects the potential dilution, using the treasury stock method that could
occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the
issuance of common stock that then shared in the loss of the Company. In computing diluted loss per share, the treasury stock
method assumes that outstanding options and warrants are exercised and the proceeds are used to purchase common stock at the average
market price during the period. Options and warrants may have a dilutive effect under the treasury stock method only when the
average market price of the common stock during the period exceeds the exercise price of the options and warrants.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">For
the years ended December&#160;31, 2016 and 2015, the dilutive impact of outstanding stock options of 23,474,256 shares and 21,535,148
shares; outstanding warrants of 11,446,892 shares and 4,411,667 shares; and notes convertible into 2,540,211 and 509,667 shares
of our common stock, respectively,&#160;have been excluded because their impact on the loss per share is anti-dilutive.</font></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Income Taxes</u></b></font></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Income
taxes are recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets
are recognized for the future tax consequences of transactions that have been recognized in the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial
statements or tax returns. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or entire deferred
tax asset will not be realized.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Stock-Based Compensation</u></b></font></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company periodically issues stock options and warrants to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for
services and for financing costs. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to employees based
on the authoritative guidance provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board whereas the value of the award is measured
on the date of grant and recognized over the vesting period. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and
vesting to non-employees in accordance with the authoritative guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board whereas the
value of the stock compensation is based upon the measurement date as determined at either a) the date at which a performance
commitment is reached, or b) at the date at which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete. Non-employee
stock-based compensation charges generally are amortized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. In certain circumstances
where there are no future performance requirements by the non-employee, option grants are immediately vested and the total stock-based
compensation charge is recorded in the period of the measurement date.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
fair value of the Company's&#160;stock options and warrants grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model, which
uses certain assumptions related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility, expected life of the stock options or warrants,
and future dividends. Compensation expense is recorded based upon the value derived from the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model,
and based on actual experience. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model could materially affect compensation
expense recorded in future periods.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Estimates</u></b></font></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant
estimates include those related to assumptions used in impairment analysis for fixed assets, valuing accruals and equity instruments.
Actual results could differ from those estimates.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Fair Value of Financial
Instruments</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Effective
January 1, 2008, fair value measurements are determined by the Company's adoption of authoritative guidance issued by the FASB,
with the exception of the application of the statement to non-recurring, non-financial assets and liabilities as permitted. The
adoption of the authoritative guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's fair value measurements. Fair value is
defined in the authoritative guidance as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in
the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at
the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy was established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into three
broad levels as follows:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Level&#160;1&#8212;Quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Level&#160;2&#8212;Inputs,
other than the quoted prices in active markets, are observable either directly or indirectly.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Level&#160;3&#8212;Unobservable
inputs based on the Company's assumptions.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company is required to use of observable market data if such data is available without undue cost and effort.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
carrying amounts for cash, accounts payable, accrued expenses and convertible debentures approximate their fair value due to their
short-term nature.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Research and Development
Costs</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Costs
incurred for research and development are expensed as incurred. Purchased materials that do not have an alternative future use
are also expensed. Furthermore, costs incurred in the construction of prototypes with no certainty of any alternative future use
and established commercial uses are also expensed.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">For
the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 research and development costs were $279,000 and $578,000, respectively.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Patent Costs</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Patent
costs consist of patent-related legal and filing fees. Due to the uncertainty associated with the successful development of our
AOT and Joule Heat products, all patent costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, patent
costs were $64,000 and $53,000, respectively, and were included as part of operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated
statements of operations.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Recent Accounting
Pronouncements</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts
with Customers. ASU 2014-09 is a comprehensive revenue recognition standard that will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition
guidance under current U.S. GAAP and replace it with a principle based approach for determining revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09
will require that companies recognize revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services as they occur in the contract.
The ASU also will require additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising
from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to
obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early
adoption is permitted only in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods therein. Entities
will be able to transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption.
The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2014-09 on the Company&#8217;s financial statements and disclosures.
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to record
a right of use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months.
ASU 2016-02 is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted.
A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered
into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients
available. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on the Company&#8217;s financial statements and
disclosures.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, <i>Leases</i>. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to
record a right of use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12
months. ASU 2016-02 is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption
is permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at,
or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical
expedients available. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on the Company&#8217;s financial statements
and disclosures.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
March 2016, the FASB issued the ASU 2016-09, <i>Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)</i>: Improvements to Employee Share-Based
Payment Accounting. The amendments in this ASU require, among other things, that all income tax effects of awards be recognized
in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled. The ASU also allows for an employer to repurchase more of an employee's
shares than it can today for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting and allows for a policy election
to account for forfeitures as they occur. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for any entity in any interim or annual
period. The Company is currently evaluating the expected impact that the standard could have on its financial statements and related
disclosures.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Other
recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified
Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact
on the Company's present or future consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.</font></p>

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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>3. Accrued Expenses - Related Transactions<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Accrued
Expenses &#8211; Related Parties consists of unpaid salaries and corresponding payroll taxes of officer&#8217;s salaries,
unused vacation of officers and unpaid board and committee fees to members of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors. As of
December 31, 2016 and 2015, total accrued expenses &#8211; related parties amounted to $135,000 and $191,000, respectively.
Included in these accruals are the unpaid salaries to a former President and current member of the Company&#8217;s Board of
Directors of $15,000 and $75,000, respectively. The Company agreed to a monthly payment of $5,000 to the current Board member
until his unpaid salary is fully settled.</font></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners; and (d) affiliates.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6615665120">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>4. Property and Equipment<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">At
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    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><font style="font-size: 8pt">2016</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><font style="font-size: 8pt">2015</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
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    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">$</font></td><td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">28,000</font></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">$</font></td><td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">65,000</font></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">49,000</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">82,000</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Less accumulated depreciation</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(60,000</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Total</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company disposed of certain property and equipment with aggregate costs of $38,000 and accumulated
depreciation of $35,000 which resulted in a loss of $3,000. Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2016 and
2015 was $7,000 and $12,000, respectively.</font></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for long-lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, accounting policies and methodology, roll forwards, depreciation, depletion and amortization expense, including composite depreciation, accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization expense, useful lives and method used, income statement disclosures, assets held for sale and public utility disclosures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.13-14)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64827811&amp;loc=d3e1361-107760<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64862545&amp;loc=d3e2921-110230<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>5. Convertible Notes and Warrants<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(101,000</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">$</font></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">222,000</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">At
January 1, 2015, total outstanding notes payable on convertible notes issued in 2014 amounted to $245,000 and unamortized note
discount was $106,000.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">During
the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company issued convertible promissory notes in the aggregate of $726,000 for cash proceeds
of $660,000 or a discount of $66,000. The notes do not bear any interest; however, the implied interest rate used was 10% since
the notes were issued at 10% less than their face value, are unsecured, mature in twelve months from issuance and convertible
at $0.30 and $0.10 per share. In addition, the Company also granted these note holders warrants to purchase 1,796,667 shares of
the Company&#8217; common stock. The warrants are fully vested, exercisable at $0.30 and $0.10 per share and expired one year
from the date of issuance. As a result, the Company recorded total note discount of $697,000 to account for the relative fair
value of the warrants, the notes&#8217; BCF and OID. The note discounts were amortized over the life of the notes or were amortized
in full upon the conversion of the corresponding notes to common stock. During 2015, a total of $669,000 of notes payable were
converted into 2.6 million shares of common stock and amortized note discount of $702,000 was recorded as interest expense. As
of December 31, 2015, total outstanding notes payable amounted to $321,000 and unamortized note discount of $101,000. Three notes
in the aggregate of $211,000 matured without conversion as of December 31, 2015. As a result, the Company increased the principal
amount of each note by 10% under terms of the notes in the aggregate amount of $19,000 and accrued interest of $2,000. As of December
31, 2015, interest accrued for these notes amounted to $2,000 which was reported as part of convertible debentures in the accompanying
consolidated balance sheet.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">During
the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company issued similar convertible promissory notes in the aggregate of $1,587,000 for
cash proceeds of $1,418,000 and conversion of a deposit received from an investor in 2015 amounting to $25,000 and a discount
of $144,000. The notes do not bear any interest; however, the implied interest rate used was 10% since the notes were issued
10% less than its face value, are unsecured, mature in twelve months from issuance and convertible at $0.10 per share. In
addition, the Company also granted these note holders warrants to purchase 7.9 million shares of the Company&#8217; common
stock. The warrants are fully vested, exercisable at $0.10 per share and expire one year from the date of issuance. As a
result, the Company recorded a note discount of $1,587,000 to account for the relative fair value of the warrants, the
notes&#8217; BCF and OID. The note discounts are amortized over the life of the notes or were amortized in full upon the
conversion of the corresponding notes to common stock. During 2016, a total of $1,491,000 of notes payable were converted
into 14.9 million shares of common stock and amortized note discount of $1,596,000 was recorded as interest expense. As of
December 31, 2016, total outstanding notes payable amounted to $417,000 and unamortized note discount of $92,000. During the
year ended December 31, 2016, the Company accrued interest of $21,000. As of December 31, 2016, total accrued interest
amounted to $23,000 which was reported as part of convertible debentures in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The
Company is currently in negotiations with the noteholders to settle the matured notes payable.</font></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6631639456">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>6. Research and Development<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentAbstract', window );"><strong>Research and Development [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwareDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Research and Development</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company constructs, develops and tests the AOT and Joule Heat technologies with internal resources and through the assistance
of various third party entities. Costs incurred and expensed include fees such as license fees, U.S. Department of Energy testing
fees, purchase of test equipment, pipeline pumping equipment, crude oil tank batteries, viscometers, SCADA systems, computer equipment,
payroll and other related equipment and various logistical expenses for the purposes of evaluating and testing the Company&#8217;s
AOT prototypes.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">For
the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, our research and development expenses were $279,000 and $578,000, respectively.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>AOT
and Joule Heat Product Development and Testing</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company constructs, develops and tests the AOT and Joule Heat technologies with internal resources and through the assistance
of various third party entities. Costs incurred and expensed include fees such as testing fees, purchase of test equipment, pipeline
pumping equipment, crude oil tank batteries, viscometers, SCADA systems, computer equipment, payroll and other related equipment
and various logistical expenses for the purposes of evaluating and testing the Company&#8217;s AOT and Joule Heat prototypes.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Total
expenses incurred during the year ended December 31, 2015, AOT and Joule Heat product development and testing amounted to $216,000
and has been reflected as part of Research and Development expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
There were no such costs in 2016.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>AOT
Prototypes</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">During
the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company incurred total expenses of $64,500 and $109,500, respectively, in the
manufacture and delivery of the AOT prototype equipment under lease agreements. These expenses have been reflected as part of
Research and Development expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Temple
University Licensing Agreement</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">On
August 1, 2011, the Company and Temple University (&#8220;Temple&#8221;) entered into two (2) Exclusive License Agreements (collectively,
the &#8220;License Agreements&#8221;) relating to Temple&#8217;s patent applications, patents and technical information pertaining
to technology associated with an electric and/or magnetic field assisted fuel injector system (the &#8220;First Temple License&#8221;),
and to technology to reduce crude oil viscosity (the &#8220;Second Temple License&#8221;). The License Agreements are exclusive
and the territory licensed to the Company is worldwide and replace previously issued License Agreements.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Pursuant
to the two licensing agreements, the Company&#160;agreed to pay Temple the following: (i) non-refundable license maintenance fee
of $300,000; (ii) annual maintenance fees of $187,500; (iii) royalty fee ranging from 4% up to 7% from revenues generated from
the licensing agreements; and (iv) 25% of all revenues generated from sub-licensees to secure or maintain the sub-license or option
thereon. Temple also agreed to defer $37,500 of the amount due if the Company agrees to fund at least $250,000 in research or
development of Temple&#8217;s patent rights licensed to the Company. The term of the licenses commenced in August 2011 and will
expire upon the expiration of the patents. The agreement can also be terminated by either party upon notification under terms
of the licensing agreements or if the Company ceases the development of the patent or failure to commercialize the patent rights.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Total
expenses recognized during each year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 pursuant to these two agreements amounted to $187,500 each
year and have been reflected in Research and Development expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.&#160;In
addition, the Company also recognized penalty interest of $78,000 due to past due balance in the year ended December 31, 2016.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">As
of December 31, 2016 and 2015, total unpaid fees due to Temple pursuant to these agreements amounted to $726,000 and
$461,000, respectively, which are included as part of Accounts Payable &#8211; licensing agreement in the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2016, payment of $203,000 of the $726,000 payable has been deferred under
terms of the license agreements and the remaining $523,000 is deemed past due. The Company is currently in negotiations with
Temple to settle this amount due.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Temple
University Sponsored Research Agreement</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">On
March 19, 2012, the Company entered into a Sponsored Research Agreement (&#8220;Research Agreement&#8221;) with Temple University
(&#8220;Temple&#8221;), whereby Temple, under the direction of Dr. Rongjia Tao, will perform ongoing research related to the Company&#8217;s
AOT device (the &#8220;Project&#8221;), for the period April 1, 2012, through April 1, 2014. All rights and title to intellectual
property resulting from&#160;Temple&#8217;s work related to the Project shall be subject to the Exclusive License Agreements between
Temple and the Company, dated August 1, 2011. In exchange for Temple&#8217;s research efforts on the Project, the Company has
agreed to pay&#160;Temple&#160;$500,000, payable in quarterly installments of $62,500.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
August 2013, the Company and Temple amended the Research Agreement. Under the amended agreement, parties agreed that total cost
for Phase 1 of the agreement was $241,408 and total cost for Phase 2 of the agreement was $258,592 payable beginning September
1, 2013 in eight quarterly installments of $32,324.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">During
the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recognized a total expense of $65,000 pursuant to this agreement and such costs
have been reflected in Research and Development expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. This agreement
expired effective August 31, 2015, as such, no expense was incurred under this agreement in the year ended December 31, 2016.
During the year ended December 31, 2016, Temple University provided a final invoice in the amount of $79,000 reconciling amounts
invoiced against services provided under the Research Agreement. The Company recognized a credit against the amount due under
the Research Agreement in the amount of $50,000, reducing the current payable from $129,000 to $79,000.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">As
of December 31, 2016 and 2015, total unpaid fees due to Temple pursuant to this agreement amounted to $79,000 and $129,000, respectively,
which are included as part of Accounts Payable &#8211; licensing agreement in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As
of December 31, 2016, the entire $79,000 is deemed past due. The Company is currently in negotiations with Temple to settle this
amount due.</font></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for research, development, and computer software activities, including contracts and arrangements to be performed for others and with federal government. Includes costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility and in-process research and development acquired in a business combination consummated during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420194&amp;loc=d3e21568-108373<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420387&amp;loc=d3e23221-108380<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420387&amp;loc=d3e23218-108380<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420387&amp;loc=d3e23199-108380<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128462-111756<br></p></div>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>7. Common Stock Transactions<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Year
Ending December 31, 2015</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">During
the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,803,333 shares of its common stock as follows:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

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    <td style="text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The Company issued
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income.</p></div>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>8. Stock Options and Warrants<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">21,052,030</font></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">838,552</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
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</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
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    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">As
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intrinsic value of the options outstanding was $0. Future unamortized compensation expense on the unvested outstanding options
at December 31, 2016 is approximately $41,000.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Year
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Year
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Black-Scholes
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company used the following average assumptions in its calculation using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-left: 0.5in">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Expected dividend yield</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">0</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">%</font></td></tr>
</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
assumptions used in the Black Scholes models referred to above are based upon the following data: (1) the contractual life of
the underlying non-employee options is the expected life. The expected life of the employee option is estimated by considering
the contractual term of the option, the vesting period of the option, the employees&#8217; expected exercise behavior and the
post-vesting employee turnover rate. (2) The expected stock price volatility was based upon the Company&#8217;s historical stock
price over the expected term of the option. (3) The risk free interest rate is based on published U.S. Treasury Department interest
rates for the expected terms of the underlying options. (4) The expected dividend yield was based on the fact that the Company
has not paid dividends to common shareholders in the past and does not expect to pay dividends to common shareholders in the future.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"></font>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Warrants</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
following table summarizes certain information about the Company&#8217;s stock purchase warrants.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.5in">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Warrants</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b>Weighted
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                                         Price</b></font></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <td style="width: 46%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Warrants outstanding, January 1, 2015</font></td><td style="width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">5,692,087</font></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">$</font></td><td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">0.36</font></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Warrants granted</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">1,796,667</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">0.20</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Warrants exercised</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(200,000</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">0.25</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Warrants cancelled</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(2,877,087</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">0.36</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2015</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">4,411,667</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">$</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">0.31</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Warrants granted</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">8,735,225</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">0.11</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Warrants exercised</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#8211;</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#8211;</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Warrants cancelled</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(1,700,000</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">0.30</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2016</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">11,446,892</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">$</font></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">0.15</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">At
December 31, 2016 the price of the Company&#8217;s common stock was $0.05 per share and the aggregate intrinsic value of the warrants
outstanding was $0. Future unamortized compensation expense on the unvested outstanding warrants at December 31, 2016 is approximately
$3,000.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Outstanding
    Warrants</b></font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Exercisable
    Warrants</b></font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Warrant</font></p>
        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Exercise
        Price</font></p>
        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Per Share</font></p></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shares</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Life</font></p>
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    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Weighted</font></p>
        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Average
        Exercise</font></p>
        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Price</font></p></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shares</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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        Exercise</font></p>
        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Price</font></p></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <td style="width: 14%; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$ 0.10
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    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11,446,892</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 13%; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1.1</font></td>
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    <td style="width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.15</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11,346,892</font></td>
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    <td style="width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.15</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$ 1.00 - $ 1.99</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#8211;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#8211;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#8211;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#8211;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">-</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11,446,892</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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    model with the following assumptions: life of 1 year; stock price of $0.17 per share, average risk free interest rate of 0.81%;
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>9. Commitments and Contingencies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">We
are involved in certain legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. Except for income
tax contingencies, we record accruals for contingencies to the extent that our management concludes that the occurrence is probable
and that the related amounts of loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed
as incurred. There is no current or pending litigation of any significance with the exception of the matters that have arisen
under, and are being handled in, the normal course of business.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Leases</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">On
August 1, 2013, the Company entered into a non-cancellable lease at a Santa Barbara Facility with a 5-year term, expiring July
31, 2018 at a monthly rent of $6,000 as amended in February 2014. Effective May 1, 2016, the Company vacated the Santa Barbara
Facility and subleased the space through the term of the master lease, terminating July 31, 2018 at $4,500 per month. The Company
subsequently terminated both the master lease and sublease effective March 1, 2017 and as a result, the Company accrued $6,000
to account for the termination fees in the Santa Barbara Facility lease agreement which is reflected in as part of Accounts Payable
and accrued expense on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Effective
June 1, 2016, the Company relocated its Santa Barbara office to an office space located at 5266 Hollister Avenue, Suite 219, Santa
Barbara, CA 93111, under a twelve-month lease at a lease rate of $751 per month.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

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of Operating Expenses in the attached consolidated statements of operations.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Contractual Commitments</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

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    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">2019</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font-size: 8pt">___________________</font></p>

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                                    at a base annual salary of $290,000 through March 31, 2017 and severance in the amount of
                                    $580,000 that will be paid through March 31, 2019 pursuant to a separation agreement effective
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                                    April 1, 2017 at a base annual salary of $150,000 per year under a two-year contract effective
                                    April 1, 2017; iii) an executive officer, pursuant to an employment agreement at a base annual
                                    salary of $158,400 per year; and iv) and a severance agreement of a former officer in the
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>10. Income Taxes<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">$</font></td><td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">21,552,000</font></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">$</font></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#8211;</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">As
of December 31, 2016, the Company had net operating losses available for carry forward for state and federal tax purposes of approximately
$54 million expiring through 2036. These carry forward benefits will be subject to annual limitations due to the ownership change
limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. The annual limitation, if imposed, may result in
the expiration of net operating losses before utilization.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">As
of December 31, 2016, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $20,627,000 for its deferred tax assets since the Company
believes that such assets did not meet the more likely than not criteria to be recoverable through projected future profitable
operations in the foreseeable future.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Effective
January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FASB guidance that addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected
to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under this guidance, the Company may recognize the
tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination
by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements
from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized
upon ultimate settlement. The FASB also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income
taxes, accounting in interim periods and requires increased disclosures. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company does not
have a liability for unrecognized tax benefits.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and the state of California. The Company is subject to U.S.
federal or state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years after 2002. During the periods open to examination, the
Company has net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards for U.S. federal and state tax purposes that have attributes from
closed periods. Since these net operating losses and tax credit carry forwards may be utilized in future periods, they remain
subject to examination. The Company&#8217;s policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax provisions as income tax
expense. As of December 31, 2016, the Company has no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The Company
believes that it has not taken any uncertain tax positions that would impact its consolidated financial statements as of December
31, 2016 and 2015.</font></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32559-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32718-109319<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6794338976">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>11. Subsequent Events<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock', window );">Subsequent Events</a></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Grant
of Stock Options </u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company granted members of the Board of Directors stock options to purchase a total of 6,500,000 shares of common stock. The stock
options vest over one year, exercisable at $0.05 and will expire in 10 years. Total fair value of the stock options amounted to
$325,000 which will be expensed over its vesting period.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Agreements</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company executed employment agreements effective April 1, 2017 with two officers of the Company. The agreements are for a period
of two years and will require payment of salary in the aggregate of $308,000 per year. In addition, the Company also granted these
two officers stock options to purchase a total of 3,250,000 shares of common stock. The stock options vest over a two-year period,
exercisable at a price range of $0.07 through $0.40 per share and will expire in 10 years. Total fair value of the stock options
amounted to $165,000 which will be expensed over its vesting period.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company executed a separation agreement and release effective April 1, 2017 with the Company&#8217;s Chief Executive Officer (CEO).
As part of the agreement, the Company agreed to pay the CEO a total of $613,000 in equal installment basis over 24 months. In
addition, the Company also immediately vested the stock option granted to him in January 2017 to purchase 1,000,000 shares of
common stock at $0.05 per share. As a result of the modification, the Company will record stock compensation expense of $70,000
to account the fair value of the modified options.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">A
member of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors resigned effective April 1, 2017. In lieu of cash for Committee fees payable
to the Director, the Company immediately vested the stock option granted to him in January 2017 to purchase 1,500,000 shares of
common stock at $0.05 per share. As a result of the modification, the Company will record stock compensation expense of $105,000
to account the fair value of the modified options.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Issuance of Convertible
Notes</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">From
January 1, 2017 up to March 31, 2017, the Company issued convertible notes in aggregate of $248,600 in exchange for cash of $226,000.
The notes are unsecured, convertible into 4,972,000 shares in common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $0.05 per share
and mature in one year. In connection with these notes, the Company also issued warrants to purchase 2,486,000 shares of common
stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.05 per share and expiring one year from the date of issuance. As a result, the
Company will record a note discount of $248,600 to account for the relative fair value of the warrants, the notes&#8217; beneficial
conversion feature and original issue discount which will be amortized as interest expense over the life of the notes.</font></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Conversion of Convertible
Notes</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">From
January 1, 2017 up to March 22 2017, Company issued 1,181,400 shares of common stock upon conversion of previously issued convertible
notes in aggregate value of $59,000.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>AOT Testing Agreement</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
November 2016, the Company executed an agreement with Cenovus FCCL Limited (&#8220;Cenovus&#8221;), a Canadian company, for the
field testing of the Company&#8217;s AOT equipment at a fixed cost of $50,000. As the part of the agreement, Cenovus will pay
the Company $25,000 in January 2017. The balance of $25,000 will be due upon completion of the test analysis and final report.
The field testing was performed in January 2017. Final analysis and test report is scheduled to be completed in April 2017. Upon
completion of the field testing and collection of the amount due, the Company will recognize the $50,000 as revenue.</font></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for significant events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date the financial statements were issued or the date the financial statements were available to be issued. Examples include: the sale of a capital stock issue, purchase of a business, settlement of litigation, catastrophic loss, significant foreign exchange rate changes, loans to insiders or affiliates, and transactions not in the ordinary course of business.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6799104656">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessDescriptionAndBasisOfPresentationTextBlock', window );">Description of business</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Description of Business</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">QS
Energy, Inc. (&#8220;QS Energy&#8221;, &#8220;Company&#8221;) was incorporated on February 18, 1998, as a Nevada Corporation under
the name Mandalay Capital Corporation. The Company changed its name to Save the World Air, Inc. on February 11, 1999. Effective
August 11, 2015, the Company changed its name to QS Energy, Inc. The Company&#8217;s common stock is quoted under the symbol &#8220;QSEP&#8221;
on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board. More information including the Company&#8217;s fact sheet, logos and media articles are
available at our corporate website, www.qsenergy.com.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">QS
Energy develops and commercializes energy efficiency technologies that assist in meeting increasing global energy demands, improving
the economics of oil extraction and transport, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Company's intellectual properties include
a portfolio of domestic and international patents and patents pending, a substantial portion of which have been developed in conjunction
with and exclusively licensed from Temple University of Philadelphia, PA (&#8220;Temple&#8221;). QS Energy's primary technology
is called Applied Oil Technology&#8482; (AOT), a commercial-grade crude oil pipeline transportation flow-assurance product. Engineered
specifically to reduce pipeline pressure loss, increase pipeline flow rate and capacity, and reduce shippers&#8217; reliance on
diluents and drag reducing agents to meet pipeline maximum viscosity requirements, AOT is a 100% solid-state system that reduces
crude oil viscosity by applying a high intensity electrical field to crude oil feedstock while in transit. The AOT product has
transitioned from the research and development stage to initial production for continued testing in advance of our goal of seeking
acceptance and adoption by the midstream pipeline marketplace.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company also began commercial development of a suite of products based around the Joule Heat technology. The Company began fabrication
of prototype equipment to be operated under a joint development agreement with a commercial entity in the fourth quarter of 2014.
The Company&#8217;s first Joule Heat prototype was installed for testing purposes at the Newfield facility in June 2015 and the
system is operational; however, changes to the prototype configuration will be required to determine commercial effectiveness
of this unit. In addition, the Company filed two additional provisional patents related to the technology&#8217;s method and apparatus.
In December 2015, we temporarily suspended Joule Heat development activities to focus Company resources on finalizing commercial
development of the AOT Midstream. We currently plan to resume Joule Heat development in 2017 depending on the availability of
sufficient capital and other resources.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock', window );">Consolidation policy</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Consolidation
Policy</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements of QS Energy Inc. include the accounts of QS Energy Inc. (the Parent) and its wholly
owned subsidiaries, QS Energy Pool, Inc. and STWA Asia Pte. Limited. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated
in consolidation.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubstantialDoubtAboutGoingConcernTextBlock', window );">Going concern</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Going Concern</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization
of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As reflected in the accompanying
consolidated financial statements, during the twelve-months ended December 31, 2016, the Company incurred a net loss of $4,000,000,
used cash in operations of $1,626,000 and had a stockholders&#8217; deficit of $1,358,000 as of that date. These factors raise
substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial
statements are issued. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the Company&#8217;s ability
to raise additional funds and implement its business plan. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might
be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">At
December 31, 2016, the Company had cash on hand in the amount of $136,000. Management estimates that the current funds on hand
will be sufficient to continue operations through April 2017. Management is currently seeking additional funds, primarily through
the issuance of debt and equity securities for cash to operate our business, including without limitation the expenses it will
incur in connection with the license and research and development agreements with Temple University; costs associated with product
development and commercialization of the AOT technology; costs to manufacture and ship the products; costs to design and implement
an effective system of internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures; costs of maintaining our status as a public company
by filing periodic reports with the SEC and costs required to protect our intellectual property. In addition, as discussed below,
the Company has substantial contractual commitments, including without limitation, payment of license and other fees to Temple
University, salaries to our executive officers pursuant to employment agreements, certain payments to a former officer and consulting
fees, during the remainder of 2017 and beyond.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">No
assurance can be given that any future financing will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory
to the Company. Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing, it may contain undue restrictions on our operations,
in the case of debt financing or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders in case of equity financing.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock', window );">Revenue Recognition Policy</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Revenue Recognition
Policy</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company recognizes lease revenue upon commencement of the lease. Revenue on future product sales will be recognized upon meeting
the following criteria: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services rendered; the seller's
price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock', window );">Property and Equipment and Depreciation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Property and Equipment
and Depreciation</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Property
and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives
of the assets, generally ranging from three to ten years. Expenditures for major renewals and improvements that extend the useful
lives of property and equipment are capitalized. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred.
Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset
or the lease term.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOrDisposalOfLongLivedAssetsIncludingIntangibleAssetsPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Impairment of Long-Lived Assets</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Impairment of Long-lived
Assets</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Our
long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment at least annually, or when events and circumstances
indicate that depreciable or amortizable long lived assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated
by those assets are less than the carrying amount of those assets. When specific assets are determined to be unrecoverable, the
cost basis of the asset is reduced to reflect the current value.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">We
use various assumptions in determining the current fair value of these assets, including future expected cash flows and discount
rates, as well as other fair value measures. Our impairment loss calculations require us to apply judgment in estimating future
cash flows, including forecasting useful lives of the assets and selecting the discount rate that reflects the risk inherent in
future cash flows.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">If
actual results are not consistent with our assumptions and judgments used in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values,
we may be exposed to future impairment losses that could be material to our results. Based upon management&#8217;s annual review,
no impairments were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2016, and 2015.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock', window );">Loss per Share</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Loss per Share</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Basic
loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares
outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share reflects the potential dilution, using the treasury stock method that could
occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the
issuance of common stock that then shared in the loss of the Company. In computing diluted loss per share, the treasury stock
method assumes that outstanding options and warrants are exercised and the proceeds are used to purchase common stock at the average
market price during the period. Options and warrants may have a dilutive effect under the treasury stock method only when the
average market price of the common stock during the period exceeds the exercise price of the options and warrants.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">For
the years ended December&#160;31, 2016 and 2015, the dilutive impact of outstanding stock options of 23,474,256 shares and 21,535,148
shares; outstanding warrants of 11,446,892 shares and 4,411,667 shares; and notes convertible into 2,540,211 and 509,667 shares
of our common stock, respectively,&#160;have been excluded because their impact on the loss per share is anti-dilutive.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock', window );">Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Income Taxes</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Income
taxes are recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets
are recognized for the future tax consequences of transactions that have been recognized in the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial
statements or tax returns. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or entire deferred
tax asset will not be realized.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Stock-Based Compensation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Stock-Based Compensation</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company periodically issues stock options and warrants to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for
services and for financing costs. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to employees based
on the authoritative guidance provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board whereas the value of the award is measured
on the date of grant and recognized over the vesting period. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and
vesting to non-employees in accordance with the authoritative guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board whereas the
value of the stock compensation is based upon the measurement date as determined at either a) the date at which a performance
commitment is reached, or b) at the date at which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete. Non-employee
stock-based compensation charges generally are amortized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. In certain circumstances
where there are no future performance requirements by the non-employee, option grants are immediately vested and the total stock-based
compensation charge is recorded in the period of the measurement date.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
fair value of the Company's&#160;stock options and warrants grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model, which
uses certain assumptions related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility, expected life of the stock options or warrants,
and future dividends. Compensation expense is recorded based upon the value derived from the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model,
and based on actual experience. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model could materially affect compensation
expense recorded in future periods.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates', window );">Estimates</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Estimates</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant
estimates include those related to assumptions used in impairment analysis for fixed assets, valuing accruals and equity instruments.
Actual results could differ from those estimates.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy', window );">Fair value of financial instruments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Fair Value of Financial
Instruments</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Effective
January 1, 2008, fair value measurements are determined by the Company's adoption of authoritative guidance issued by the FASB,
with the exception of the application of the statement to non-recurring, non-financial assets and liabilities as permitted. The
adoption of the authoritative guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's fair value measurements. Fair value is
defined in the authoritative guidance as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in
the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at
the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy was established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into three
broad levels as follows:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Level&#160;1&#8212;Quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Level&#160;2&#8212;Inputs,
other than the quoted prices in active markets, are observable either directly or indirectly.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Level&#160;3&#8212;Unobservable
inputs based on the Company's assumptions.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company is required to use of observable market data if such data is available without undue cost and effort.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
carrying amounts for cash, accounts payable, accrued expenses and convertible debentures approximate their fair value due to their
short-term nature.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock', window );">Research and Development Costs</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Research and Development
Costs</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Costs
incurred for research and development are expensed as incurred. Purchased materials that do not have an alternative future use
are also expensed. Furthermore, costs incurred in the construction of prototypes with no certainty of any alternative future use
and established commercial uses are also expensed.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">For
the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 research and development costs were $279,000 and $578,000, respectively.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy', window );">Patent costs</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Patent Costs</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Patent
costs consist of patent-related legal and filing fees. Due to the uncertainty associated with the successful development of our
AOT and Joule Heat products, all patent costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, patent
costs were $64,000 and $53,000, respectively, and were included as part of operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated
statements of operations.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Recent Accounting
Pronouncements</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts
with Customers. ASU 2014-09 is a comprehensive revenue recognition standard that will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition
guidance under current U.S. GAAP and replace it with a principle based approach for determining revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09
will require that companies recognize revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services as they occur in the contract.
The ASU also will require additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising
from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to
obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early
adoption is permitted only in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods therein. Entities
will be able to transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption.
The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2014-09 on the Company&#8217;s financial statements and disclosures.
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to record
a right of use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months.
ASU 2016-02 is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted.
A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered
into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients
available. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on the Company&#8217;s financial statements and
disclosures.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, <i>Leases</i>. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to
record a right of use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12
months. ASU 2016-02 is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption
is permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at,
or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical
expedients available. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on the Company&#8217;s financial statements
and disclosures.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
March 2016, the FASB issued the ASU 2016-09, <i>Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)</i>: Improvements to Employee Share-Based
Payment Accounting. The amendments in this ASU require, among other things, that all income tax effects of awards be recognized
in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled. The ASU also allows for an employer to repurchase more of an employee's
shares than it can today for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting and allows for a policy election
to account for forfeitures as they occur. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for any entity in any interim or annual
period. The Company is currently evaluating the expected impact that the standard could have on its financial statements and related
disclosures.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Other
recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified
Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact
on the Company's present or future consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.</font></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for the business description and basis of presentation concepts.  Business description describes the nature and type of organization including but not limited to organizational structure as may be applicable to holding companies, parent and subsidiary relationships, business divisions, business units, business segments, affiliates and information about significant ownership of the reporting entity.  Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for salaries, bonuses, incentive awards, postretirement and postemployment benefits granted to employees, including equity-based arrangements; discloses methodologies for measurement, and the bases for recognizing related assets and liabilities and recognizing and reporting compensation expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68058157&amp;loc=d3e18726-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b),(f(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy regarding (1) the principles it follows in consolidating or combining the separate financial statements, including the principles followed in determining the inclusion or exclusion of subsidiaries or other entities in the consolidated or combined financial statements and (2) its treatment of interests (for example, common stock, a partnership interest or other means of exerting influence) in other entities, for example consolidation or use of the equity or cost methods of accounting.  The accounting policy may also address the accounting treatment for intercompany accounts and transactions, noncontrolling interest, and the income statement treatment in consolidation for issuances of stock by a subsidiary.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for computing basic and diluted earnings or loss per share for each class of common stock and participating security. Addresses all significant policy factors, including any antidilutive items that have been excluded from the computation and takes into account stock dividends, splits and reverse splits that occur after the balance sheet date of the latest reporting period but before the issuance of the financial statements.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for determining the fair value of financial instruments.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for the impairment and disposal of long-lived assets including goodwill and other intangible assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for income taxes, which may include its accounting policies for recognizing and measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances, recognizing investment tax credits, operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and other carryforwards, methodologies for determining its effective income tax rate and the characterization of interest and penalties in the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68058157&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32840-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65884525&amp;loc=d3e40913-109327<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 954<br> -SubTopic 740<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6491622&amp;loc=d3e9504-115650<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32809-109319<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=75116654&amp;loc=d3e32247-109318<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=75116654&amp;loc=d3e32280-109318<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for finite-lived intangible assets. This accounting policy also might address: (1) the amortization method used; (2) the useful lives of such assets; and (3) how the entity assesses and measures impairment of such assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68058157&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy pertaining to new accounting pronouncements that may impact the entity's financial reporting. Includes, but is not limited to, quantification of the expected or actual impact.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for long-lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, basis of assets, depreciation and depletion methods used, including composite deprecation, estimated useful lives, capitalization policy, accounting treatment for costs incurred for repairs and maintenance, capitalized interest and the method it is calculated, disposals and impairments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68058157&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.13(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for its research and development and computer software activities including the accounting treatment for costs incurred for (1) research and development activities, (2) development of computer software for internal use, (3) computer software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed as a separate product or as part of a product or process and (4) in-process research and development acquired in a purchase business combination.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Research and Development<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6523717<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6389767&amp;loc=d3e17916-109280<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68058157&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128462-111756<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.15)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 50<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=16397303&amp;loc=d3e19347-109286<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for revenue recognition. If the entity has different policies for different types of revenue transactions, the policy for each material type of transaction is generally disclosed. If a sales transaction has multiple element arrangements (for example, delivery of multiple products, services or the rights to use assets) the disclosure may indicate the accounting policy for each unit of accounting as well as how units of accounting are determined and valued. The disclosure may encompass important judgment as to appropriateness of principles related to recognition of revenue. The disclosure also may indicate the entity's treatment of any unearned or deferred revenue that arises from the transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68058157&amp;loc=d3e18823-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 605<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 13.B.Q1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65893310&amp;loc=d3e214044-122780<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68058157&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68058157&amp;loc=d3e18726-107790<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure when substantial doubt is raised about the ability to continue as a going concern. Includes, but is not limited to, principal conditions or events that raised substantial doubt about the ability to continue as a going concern, management's evaluation of the significance of those conditions or events in relation to the ability to meet its obligations, and management's plans that alleviated or are intended to mitigate the conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the ability to continue as a going concern.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64819266&amp;loc=SL51888449-203568<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64819266&amp;loc=SL51888443-203568<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for the use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64851502&amp;loc=d3e6061-108592<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64851502&amp;loc=d3e6143-108592<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 275<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64851502&amp;loc=d3e6132-108592<br></p></div>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>4. Property and Equipment (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, balances by class of assets, depreciation and depletion expense and method used, including composite depreciation, and accumulated deprecation.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6768103264">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>5. Convertible Notes and Warrants (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Debt Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
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    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of borrowings which can be exchanged for a specified number of another security at the option of the issuer or the holder. Disclosures include, but are not limited to, principal amount, amortized premium or discount, and amount of liability and equity components.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6794544272">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>8. Stock Options and Warrants (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">Options, December 31, 2015</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">2,250,527</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#8211;</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
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</table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock', window );">Options outstanding by Per Share Price</a></td>
<td class="text"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Option</font></p>
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    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Price</font></p></td>
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    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <td style="width: 14%; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$ 0.18
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    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">22,783,810</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$ 1.00 - $ 1.99</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">150,446</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">6.6</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1.18</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">150,446</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1.18</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">23,474,256</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.28</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">20,671,512</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.28</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
</table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock', window );">Assumptions</a></td>
<td class="text"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-left: 0.5in">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Years
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <td style="width: 46%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Expected life (years)</font></td><td style="width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5.0
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Risk free interest rate</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">Volatility</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">106
                                         &#8211; 121</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">%</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Expected dividend yield</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">0</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">%</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">0</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">%</font></td></tr>
</table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock', window );">Warrants outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.5in">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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                                         Price</b></font></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <td style="width: 46%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Warrants outstanding, January 1, 2015</font></td><td style="width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">5,692,087</font></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="width: 2%"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">$</font></td><td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">0.36</font></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Warrants granted</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">1,796,667</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">0.20</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Warrants exercised</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(200,000</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
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<tr class="ro">
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    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.15</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11,346,892</font></td>
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    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.15</font></td>
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
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</td>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Warrants outstanding by Per Share Price [Table Text Block]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of option exercise prices, by grouped ranges, including the upper and lower limits of the price range, the number of shares under option, weighted average exercise price and remaining contractual option terms.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the number and weighted-average exercise prices (or conversion ratios) for share options (or share units) that were outstanding at the beginning and end of the year, vested and expected to vest, exercisable or convertible at the end of the year, and the number of share options or share units that were granted, exercised or converted, forfeited, and expired during the year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the significant assumptions used during the year to estimate the fair value of stock options, including, but not limited to: (a) expected term of share options and similar instruments, (b) expected volatility of the entity's shares, (c) expected dividends, (d) risk-free rate(s), and (e) discount for post-vesting restrictions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of warrants or rights issued. Warrants and rights outstanding are derivative securities that give the holder the right to purchase securities (usually equity) from the issuer at a specific price within a certain time frame. Warrants are often included in a new debt issue to entice investors by a higher return potential. The main difference between warrants and call options is that warrants are issued and guaranteed by the company, whereas options are exchange instruments and are not issued by the company. Also, the lifetime of a warrant is often measured in years, while the lifetime of a typical option is measured in months. Disclose the title of issue of securities called for by warrants and rights outstanding, the aggregate amount of securities called for by warrants and rights outstanding, the date from which the warrants or rights are exercisable, and the price at which the warrant or right is exercisable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5047-113901<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 50<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6784392&amp;loc=d3e188667-122775<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 50<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68057994&amp;loc=d3e25284-112666<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6798583200">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>9. Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock', window );">Future minimum rental payments</a></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of future minimum payments required in the aggregate and for each of the five succeeding fiscal years for operating leases having initial or remaining noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year and the total minimum rentals to be received in the future under noncancelable subleases as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6453985&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6794397600">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>10. Income Taxes (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th></tr>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
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</tr>
<tr class="re">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(181,000</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(299,000</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(663,000</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(306,000</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(81,000</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(151,000</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Valuation allowance</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(20,233,000</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">$</font></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#8211;</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of pertinent information, such as tax authority, amounts, and expiration dates, of net operating loss carryforwards, including an assessment of the likelihood of utilization.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32559-109319<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6801639136">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (4,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,229,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations', window );">Cash flow from operations</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,626,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,596,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Stockholders' equity (deficiency)</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,358,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(782,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,368,000<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
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<td class="nump">136,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">349,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,248,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse', window );">Impairment on long-lived assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
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<td class="nump">279,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">578,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="nump">$ 64,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 53,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember', window );">Options [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Antidilutive shares excluded from loss per share</a></td>
<td class="nump">23,474,256<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,535,148<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember', window );">Warrants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Antidilutive shares excluded from loss per share</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,446,892<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,411,667<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember', window );">Convertible Notes [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Antidilutive shares excluded from loss per share</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,540,211<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">509,667<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) or earnings per unit (EPU) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS or EPU because to do so would increase EPS or EPU amounts or decrease loss per share or unit amounts for the period presented.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Antidilution<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6505113<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Diluted Earnings Per Share<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6510752<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Contingent Stock Agreement<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6508534<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Cash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Cash<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6506951<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Cash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of write-downs for impairments recognized during the period for long lived assets held for use (including those held for disposal by means other than sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 958<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68048823&amp;loc=d3e92212-112881<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Impairment<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6515133<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64862545&amp;loc=d3e2921-110230<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68055307&amp;loc=d3e2420-110228<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LicenseCosts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Costs incurred and are directly related to generating license revenue. Licensing arrangements include, but are not limited to, rights to use a patent, copyright, technology, manufacturing process, software or trademark.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.2(e))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LicenseCosts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, excluding discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3536-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesContinuingOperations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Net Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831255<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Other Comprehensive Income<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=51831270<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility, and costs allocated in accounting for a business combination to in-process projects deemed to have no alternative future use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420194&amp;loc=d3e21568-108373<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128462-111756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27010918&amp;loc=d3e74512-122707<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>38
<FILENAME>R25.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6769136672">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>3. Accrued Expenses - Related Transactions (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent', window );">Accounts payable to related parties</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 135,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 191,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=qsep_FormerPresidentMember', window );">Former President | Unpaid Salaries [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent', window );">Accounts payable to related parties</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 75,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount for accounts payable to related parties. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6457730&amp;loc=d3e39549-107864<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6457730&amp;loc=d3e39603-107864<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6457730&amp;loc=d3e39622-107864<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(k)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=qsep_FormerPresidentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=qsep_FormerPresidentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=qsep_UnpaidSalariesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=qsep_UnpaidSalariesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>39
<FILENAME>R26.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6786231232">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>4. Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 49,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 82,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Less: accumulated depreciation</a></td>
<td class="num">(32,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(60,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">17,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember', window );">Office equipment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">28,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">65,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember', window );">Furniture and fixtures [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=qsep_TestingEquipmentMember', window );">Testing equipment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 18,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization for physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.14)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.13)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=qsep_TestingEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=qsep_TestingEquipmentMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6786716688">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>4. Property and Equipment (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Depreciation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 12,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals', window );">Cost of property disposed</a></td>
<td class="nump">38,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation', window );">Accumulated depreciation of disposed property</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1', window );">Loss on disposition of property</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (3,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of divestiture of long-lived, physical assets, accumulated depreciation, used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Depreciation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense recognized in the current period that reflects the allocation of the cost of tangible assets over the assets' useful lives. Includes production and non-production related depreciation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Depreciation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) on sale or disposal of assets, including but not limited to property plant and equipment, intangible assets and equity in securities of subsidiaries or equity method investee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68055307&amp;loc=d3e2443-110228<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of divestiture of long-lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>41
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6629924832">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>5. Convertible Notes and Warrants Convertible Notes and Warrants (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Debt Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtCurrent', window );">Convertible note</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 417,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 321,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent', window );">Interest</a></td>
<td class="nump">23,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable', window );">Subtotal</a></td>
<td class="nump">440,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">323,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount', window );">Convertible note discount</a></td>
<td class="num">(92,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(101,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent', window );">Total convertible notes and warrants</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 348,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 222,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of the carrying value of long-term convertible debt as of the balance sheet date that is scheduled to be repaid within one year or in the normal operating cycle if longer. Convertible debt is a financial instrument which can be exchanged for a specified amount of another security, typically the entity's common stock, at the option of the issuer or the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Including the current and noncurrent portions, carrying value as of the balance sheet date of a written promise to pay a note, initially due after one year or beyond the operating cycle if longer, which can be exchanged for a specified amount of one or more securities (typically common stock), at the option of the issuer or the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6488278&amp;loc=d3e603758-122996<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the portion of long-term debt due within one year or the operating cycle if longer identified as Convertible Notes Payable. Convertible Notes Payable is a written promise to pay a note which can be exchanged for a specified amount of another, related security, at the option of the issuer and the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization, of debt discount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64930785&amp;loc=d3e28541-108399<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64930739&amp;loc=d3e28878-108400<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of [accrued] interest payable on all forms of debt, including trade payables, that has been incurred and is unpaid. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Current Liabilities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6509677<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e7018-107765<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6935-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6799323584">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>5. Convertible Notes and Warrants (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Debt Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount', window );">Convertible notes issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,587,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 726,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt', window );">Proceeds from convertible notes</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,418,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 660,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Warrants granted with note</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,900,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,796,667<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_ConversionPriceRange', window );">Conversion price range</a></td>
<td class="text">$0.10<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">$0.10 to $0.30<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_OriginalIssueDiscount', window );">Original Issue Discount</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,587,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 697,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable', window );">Convertible note gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">440,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">323,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount', window );">Unamortized discount</a></td>
<td class="nump">92,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">101,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent', window );">Convertible notes balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">348,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">222,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1', window );">Debt converted during year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,491,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 669,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1', window );">Debt converted, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,900,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,600,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt', window );">Interest expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,596,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 702,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent', window );">Accrued interest</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 23,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Conversion price range</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Original Issue Discount</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Including the current and noncurrent portions, carrying value as of the balance sheet date of a written promise to pay a note, initially due after one year or beyond the operating cycle if longer, which can be exchanged for a specified amount of one or more securities (typically common stock), at the option of the issuer or the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6488278&amp;loc=d3e603758-122996<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the portion of long-term debt due within one year or the operating cycle if longer identified as Convertible Notes Payable. Convertible Notes Payable is a written promise to pay a note which can be exchanged for a specified amount of another, related security, at the option of the issuer and the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The value of the financial instrument(s) that the original debt is being converted into in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares issued in exchange for the original debt being converted in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face (par) amount of debt instrument at time of issuance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64930739&amp;loc=d3e28878-108400<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64930785&amp;loc=d3e28551-108399<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization, of debt discount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64930785&amp;loc=d3e28541-108399<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64930739&amp;loc=d3e28878-108400<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the cost of borrowed funds accounted for as interest expense for debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.8)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of [accrued] interest payable on all forms of debt, including trade payables, that has been incurred and is unpaid. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Current Liabilities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6509677<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e7018-107765<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=28358313&amp;loc=d3e6935-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from the issuance of a long-term debt instrument which can be exchanged for a specified amount of another security, typically the entity's common stock, at the option of the issuer or the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Financing Activities<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6513228<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of grants made during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6799180112">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>6. Research and Development (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems', window );"><strong>Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses incurred</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 279,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 578,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable - licensing agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">805,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">590,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_AOTJouleHeatProductMember', window );">AOT and Joule Heat Product Development and Testing [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems', window );"><strong>Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses incurred</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">216,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_AOTPrototypeMember', window );">AOT Prototypes [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems', window );"><strong>Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses incurred</a></td>
<td class="nump">64,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">109,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember', window );">Temple University License Agreements [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems', window );"><strong>Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses incurred</a></td>
<td class="nump">187,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">187,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable - licensing agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">726,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">461,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther', window );">Penalty interest</a></td>
<td class="nump">79,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember', window );">Temple University License Agreements [Member] | Accounts payable deferred [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems', window );"><strong>Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable - licensing agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">203,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember', window );">Temple University License Agreements [Member] | Accounts payable past due [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems', window );"><strong>Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable - licensing agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">523,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_TempleUniversityResearchDevelopmentAgreementMember', window );">Temple University Sponsored Research Agreement [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems', window );"><strong>Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses incurred</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">65,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable - licensing agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">79,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 129,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_TempleUniversityResearchDevelopmentAgreementMember', window );">Temple University Sponsored Research Agreement [Member] | Accounts payable past due [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems', window );"><strong>Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable - licensing agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 79,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of interest expense classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 815<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4D<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64837297&amp;loc=SL5624177-113959<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph -4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestExpenseOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility, and costs allocated in accounting for a business combination to in-process projects deemed to have no alternative future use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420194&amp;loc=d3e21568-108373<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128462-111756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_AOTJouleHeatProductMember</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_AOTPrototypeMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=qsep_AccountsPayableDeferredMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=qsep_AccountsPayableDeferredMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=qsep_AccountPayablePastDueMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_TempleUniversityResearchDevelopmentAgreementMember</td>
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<td></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6793261008">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>7. Common Stock Transactions (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1', window );">Common stock issued upon conversion, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,491,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 669,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices', window );">Common stock issued for services, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 48,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis=qsep_ConsultantsMember', window );">Consultants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices', window );">Common stock issued for services, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices', window );">Common stock issued for services, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 48,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_ConvertNotesMember', window );">Convertible Notes converted [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
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<td class="nump">14,913,449<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,603,333<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1', window );">Common stock issued upon conversion, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,491,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 669,000<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_ExerciseOfWarrantsMember', window );">Exercise of Warrants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1', window );">Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises', window );">Proceeds from exercise of warrants</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50,000<span></span>
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</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of new shares issued in the conversion of stock in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. Noncash is defined as transactions during a period that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4313-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The value of the financial instrument(s) that the original debt is being converted into in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the amount received from holders exercising their stock warrants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued during the period as a result of the conversion of convertible securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-30)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21475-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued in lieu of cash for services contributed to the entity. Number of shares includes, but is not limited to, shares issued for services contributed by vendors and founders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued in lieu of cash for services contributed to the entity. Value of the stock issued includes, but is not limited to, services contributed by vendors and founders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis=qsep_ConsultantsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis=qsep_ConsultantsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_ConvertNotesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_ConvertNotesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_ExerciseOfWarrantsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_ExerciseOfWarrantsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>45
<FILENAME>R32.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6786229936">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>8. Stock Options and Warrants (Details-Options Outstanding) - Options [Member] - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Beginning Balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,535,148<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,052,030<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Granted</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,250,527<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">838,552<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercised</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod', window );">Forfeited</a></td>
<td class="num">(311,419)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(355,434)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Ending Balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">23,474,256<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,535,148<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding Beginning Balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ .30<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ .20<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted</a></td>
<td class="nump">.19<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">.46<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercised</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Forfeited</a></td>
<td class="nump">.75<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">.72<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding Ending Balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ .28<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ .30<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price of options that were either forfeited or expired.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(3)-(4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares under options that were cancelled during the reporting period as a result of occurrence of a terminating event specified in contractual agreements pertaining to the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)-(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which option holders acquired shares when converting their stock options into shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average per share amount at which grantees can acquire shares of common stock by exercise of options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6928386&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6798907104">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>8. Stock Options and Warrants (Details-Options by Exercise Price Per Share) - Options [Member] - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Outstanding Options</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Options outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">23,474,256<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,535,148<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,052,030<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Life (Years), options outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years 2 months 12 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, options outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ .28<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ .30<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ .20<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Exercisable Options</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber', window );">Options exercisable</a></td>
<td class="nump">20,671,512<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, options exercisable</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ .28<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember', window );">Option Price 1 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Outstanding Options</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Options outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">23,323,810<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Life (Years), options outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">4 years 9 months 18 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, options outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ .27<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Exercisable Options</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber', window );">Options exercisable</a></td>
<td class="nump">22,783,810<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, options exercisable</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ .28<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember', window );">$ 1.00 - $ 1.99 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Outstanding Options</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Options outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">150,446<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Life (Years), options outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">6 years 7 months 6 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, options outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.18<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Exercisable Options</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber', window );">Options exercisable</a></td>
<td class="nump">150,446<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, options exercisable</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.18<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Options Exercisable [Abstract]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Outstanding options [Abstract]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)-(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of exercisable share options (fully vested and expected to vest) that may be converted as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>As of the balance sheet date, the weighted-average exercise price for outstanding stock options that are fully vested or expected to vest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for option awards outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis=qsep_OptionPrice1Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis=qsep_OptionPrice1Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis=qsep_OptionPrice2Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis=qsep_OptionPrice2Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>47
<FILENAME>R34.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6776136432">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>8. Stock Options and Warrants (Details-Assumptions - Options [Member]<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTermSimplifiedMethod', window );">Expected life (years)</a></td>
<td class="text">5.5 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5.0 to 5.5 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum', window );">Risk free interest rate-minimum</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.23%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.56%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum', window );">Risk free interest rate-maximum</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.72%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.72%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum', window );">Volatility-miminum</a></td>
<td class="nump">119.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">106.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum', window );">Volatility-maximum</a></td>
<td class="nump">121.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">121.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate', window );">Expected dividend yield</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated dividend rate (a percentage of the share price) to be paid (expected dividends) to holders of the underlying shares over the option's term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(iii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTermSimplifiedMethod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Discloses use of the simplified method to calculate the expected term that stock option awards under the specified plan will exist before being exercised or terminated, the reason and justification for its use, and the periods for which the method was used if it was not used in all periods presented.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.D.2.Q6)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27013229&amp;loc=d3e301413-122809<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTermSimplifiedMethod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated measure of the maximum percentage by which a share price is expected to fluctuate during a period. Volatility also may be defined as a probability-weighted measure of the dispersion of returns about the mean. The volatility of a share price is the standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a specified period. That is the same as the standard deviation of the differences in the natural logarithms of the stock prices plus dividends, if any, over the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated measure of the minimum percentage by which a share price is expected to fluctuate during a period. Volatility also may be defined as a probability-weighted measure of the dispersion of returns about the mean. The volatility of a share price is the standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a specified period. That is the same as the standard deviation of the differences in the natural logarithms of the stock prices plus dividends, if any, over the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum risk-free interest rate assumption that is used in valuing an option on its own shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The minimum risk-free interest rate assumption that is used in valuing an option on its own shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>48
<FILENAME>R35.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6799223920">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>8. Stock Options and Warrants (Details-Warrants Outstanding) - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Granted</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,900,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,796,667<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember', window );">Warrants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding', window );">Beginning Balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,411,667<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,692,087<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Granted</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,735,225<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,796,667<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised', window );">Exercised</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(200,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExpirations', window );">Cancelled</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,700,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,877,087)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding', window );">Ending Balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,446,892<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,411,667<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding Beginning Balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ .31<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ .36<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted</a></td>
<td class="nump">.11<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">.20<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercised</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">.25<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Cancelled</a></td>
<td class="nump">.30<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">.36<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding Ending Balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ .15<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ .31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exercise price per share or per unit of warrants or rights outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(i)(4))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of warrants or rights outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average fair value as of the grant date of equity-based award plans other than stock (unit) option plans that were not exercised or put into effect as a result of the occurrence of a terminating event.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of grants made during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average fair value at grant date for nonvested equity-based awards issued during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average fair value as of grant date pertaining to an equity-based award plan other than a stock (or unit) option plan for which the grantee gained the right during the reporting period, by satisfying service and performance requirements, to receive or retain shares or units, other instruments, or cash in accordance with the terms of the arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of non-option equity instruments exercised by participants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExpirations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares under non-option equity instrument agreements for which rights to exercise lapsed.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExpirations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6798907680">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>8. Stock Options and Warrants (Details-Warrant Exercise Price per Share) - Warrants [Member] - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2014</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract', window );"><strong>Outstanding Warrants</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding', window );">Warrants outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,446,892<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,411,667<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,692,087<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, warrants outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ .15<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_ExercisableWarrantsAbstract', window );"><strong>Exercisable Warrants</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Warrants exercisable</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,346,892<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, warrants exercisable</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ .15<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember', window );">Warrant Price 1 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract', window );"><strong>Outstanding Warrants</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding', window );">Warrants outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,446,892<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms', window );">Life (Years), warrants outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year 1 month 6 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, warrants outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ .15<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_ExercisableWarrantsAbstract', window );"><strong>Exercisable Warrants</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Warrants exercisable</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,346,892<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, warrants exercisable</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ .15<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember', window );">$1.00 - $1.99 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract', window );"><strong>Outstanding Warrants</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding', window );">Warrants outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, warrants outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_ExercisableWarrantsAbstract', window );"><strong>Exercisable Warrants</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Warrants exercisable</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, warrants exercisable</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Warrants exercisable [Abstract]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_ExercisableWarrantsAbstract</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Warrants outstanding [Abstract]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of securities into which the class of warrant or right may be converted. For example, but not limited to, 500,000 warrants may be converted into 1,000,000 shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(i)(2))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of warrants or rights outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average fair value of nonvested awards on equity-based plans excluding option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, revenue or profit achievement stock award plan) for which the employer is contingently obligated to issue equity instruments or transfer assets to an employee who has not yet satisfied service or performance criteria necessary to gain title to proceeds from the sale of the award or underlying shares or units.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(i)-(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for equity-based awards excluding options, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>As of the balance sheet date, the weighted-average exercise price for outstanding stock options that are fully vested or expected to vest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis=qsep_WarrantPrice1Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis=qsep_WarrantPrice1Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis=qsep_WarrantPrice2Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis=qsep_WarrantPrice2Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6793437504">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>8. Stock options and Warrants (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Warrants issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,900,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,796,667<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember', window );">Options [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Weighted average remaining contractual life</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years 2 months 12 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions', window );">Future unamortized compensation expense on unvested warrants</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 41,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Options granted, shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,250,527<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">838,552<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate', window );">Fair value of options at grant date</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 357,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 324,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Compensation costs recognized</a></td>
<td class="nump">316,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation', window );">Compensation costs amortized</a></td>
<td class="nump">34,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 366,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember', window );">Warrants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding', window );">Aggregate intrinsic value of warrants</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Warrants issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,735,225<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,796,667<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Compensation costs recognized</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation', window );">Compensation costs amortized</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 39,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants', window );">Adjustment to warrants</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 32,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1', window );">Warrants exercised, stock issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises', window );">Proceeds from warrant exercises</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 50,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember', window );">Warrants [Member] | Consultants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Warrants issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">800,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Compensation costs recognized</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 59,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember', window );">Warrants [Member] | Convertible Notes [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Warrants issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,935,225<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of options at grant date</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of new shares issued in the conversion of stock in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. Noncash is defined as transactions during a period that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4313-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6367179&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConversionOfStockSharesIssued1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Costs and payments related to employee benefits and equity-based compensation, such as pension expense and contributions, other postretirement benefits expense and payments, stock or unit options expense, and amortization of restricted stock or unit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Unrecognized cost of unvested share-based awards, other than options, awarded to employees as compensation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedShareBasedAwardsOtherThanOptions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense (income) related to adjustment to fair value of warrant liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6939902&amp;loc=d3e20148-110875<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the amount received from holders exercising their stock warrants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of noncash, equity-based employee remuneration. This may include the value of stock or unit options, amortization of restricted stock or units, and adjustment for officers' compensation. As noncash, this element is an add back when calculating net cash generated by operating activities using the indirect method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66902209&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of grants made during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount by which the current fair value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of options outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Intrinsic value of equity-based compensation awards outstanding. Excludes stock and unit options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for option awards outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6415400&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember</td>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis=qsep_ConsultantsMember</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6793695584">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>9. Commitments and Contingencies (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">
<div>Dec. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent', window );">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2017</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears', window );">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2018</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears', window );">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2019</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears', window );">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2020</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears', window );">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2021</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue', window );">Future minimum operating lease commitment</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis=qsep_LicenseAgreementsMember', window );">License Agreements [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths', window );">Other commitment, 2017</a></td>
<td class="nump">187,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear', window );">Other commitment, 2018</a></td>
<td class="nump">187,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear', window );">Other commitment, 2019</a></td>
<td class="nump">187,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear', window );">Other commitment, 2020</a></td>
<td class="nump">187,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear', window );">Other commitment, 2021</a></td>
<td class="nump">187,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitment', window );">Other commitment</a></td>
<td class="nump">937,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis=qsep_CompensationAgreementsMember', window );">Compensation Agreements [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths', window );">Other commitment, 2017</a></td>
<td class="nump">536,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear', window );">Other commitment, 2018</a></td>
<td class="nump">598,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear', window );">Other commitment, 2019</a></td>
<td class="nump">149,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear', window );">Other commitment, 2020</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear', window );">Other commitment, 2021</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitment', window );">Other commitment</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,284,300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Consists of rent for the Company's Santa Barbara Hollister office expiring on May 31, 2017.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Consists of license maintenance fees to Temple University in the amount of $187,500 paid annually through the life of the underlying patents or until otherwise terminated by either party.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[3]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Consists of base salary and certain contractually-provided benefits, to i) an executive officer, pursuant to an employment agreement at a base annual salary of $290,000 through March 31, 2017 and severance in the amount of $580,000 that will be paid through March 31, 2019 pursuant to a separation agreement effective April 1, 2017; ii) an executive officer, pursuant to a two-year employment agreement effective April 1, 2017 at a base annual salary of $150,000 per year under a two-year contract effective April 1, 2017; iii) an executive officer, pursuant to an employment agreement at a base annual salary of $158,400 per year; and iv) and a severance agreement of a former officer in the amount of $15,000.</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable letter-terms in excess of one year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6584154&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6453985&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the next fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6584154&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6453985&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the fifth fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6453985&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6584154&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the fourth fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6453985&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6584154&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br></p></div>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the third fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6453985&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6584154&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the second fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6584154&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6453985&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum amount of other commitment not otherwise specified in the taxonomy. Excludes commitments explicitly modeled in the taxonomy, including but not limited to, long-term and short-term purchase commitments, recorded and unrecorded purchase obligations, supply commitments, registration payment arrangements, leases, debt, product warranties, guarantees, environmental remediation obligations, and pensions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherCommitment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum amount of other commitment maturing in the fifth fiscal year following the latest fiscal year for commitments not otherwise specified in the taxonomy. Excludes commitments explicitly modeled in this taxonomy, including but not limited to, long-term and short-term purchase commitments, recorded and unrecorded purchase obligations, supply commitments, registration payment arrangements, leases, debt, product warranties, guarantees, environmental remediation obligations, and pensions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum amount of other commitment maturing in the fourth fiscal year following the latest fiscal year for commitments not otherwise specified in the taxonomy. Excludes commitments explicitly modeled in this taxonomy, including but not limited to, long-term and short-term purchase commitments, recorded and unrecorded purchase obligations, supply commitments, registration payment arrangements, leases, debt, product warranties, guarantees, environmental remediation obligations, and pensions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum amount of other commitment maturing in the next fiscal year following the latest fiscal year for commitments not otherwise specified in the taxonomy. Excludes commitments explicitly modeled in this taxonomy, including but not limited to, long-term and short-term purchase commitments, recorded and unrecorded purchase obligations, supply commitments, registration payment arrangements, leases, debt, product warranties, guarantees, environmental remediation obligations, and pensions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum amount of other commitment maturing in the second fiscal year following the latest fiscal year for commitments not otherwise specified in the taxonomy. Excludes commitments explicitly modeled in this taxonomy, including but not limited to, long-term and short-term purchase commitments, recorded and unrecorded purchase obligations, supply commitments, registration payment arrangements, leases, debt, product warranties, guarantees, environmental remediation obligations, and pensions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum amount of other commitment maturing in the third fiscal year following the latest fiscal year for commitments not otherwise specified in the taxonomy. Excludes commitments explicitly modeled in this taxonomy, including but not limited to, long-term and short-term purchase commitments, recorded and unrecorded purchase obligations, supply commitments, registration payment arrangements, leases, debt, product warranties, guarantees, environmental remediation obligations, and pensions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis=qsep_LicenseAgreementsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis=qsep_LicenseAgreementsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis=qsep_CompensationAgreementsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis=qsep_CompensationAgreementsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6786605424">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>9. Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeaseAndRentalExpense', window );">Rent expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 45,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 70,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accounts payable and accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">251,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 182,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=qsep_TerminationFeesPayableMember', window );">Termination Fees Payable [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accounts payable and accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying values as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and due within one year (or the operating cycle, if longer), including liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received, taxes, interest, rent and utilities, accrued salaries and bonuses, payroll taxes and fringe benefits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19,20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LeaseAndRentalExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of rent expense incurred for leased assets, including but not limited to, furniture and equipment, that is not directly or indirectly associated with the manufacture, sale or creation of a product or product line.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LeaseAndRentalExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=qsep_TerminationFeesPayableMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=qsep_TerminationFeesPayableMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6790497808">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>10. Income Taxes (Details-Reconciliation of Income Tax) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Federal tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">34.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Computed tax provision (benefit) at federal statutory rate (34%)</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (593,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,065,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes', window );">State income taxes, net of federal benefit</a></td>
<td class="num">(154,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(277,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="nump">747,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,342,800<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Income tax provision</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 800<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of domestic federal statutory tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a),(b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Income Tax Expense (or Benefit)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6515339<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to increase (decrease) in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=75116654&amp;loc=d3e32123-109318<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of income tax expense or benefit for the period computed by applying the domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to state and local income tax expense (benefit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6786792688">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>10. Income Taxes (Details-Deferred tax assets) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Net operating loss carryforwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 21,552,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 21,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation', window );">Stock based compensation</a></td>
<td class="num">(181,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(299,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseOther', window );">Non-cash interest and financing expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(663,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(306,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsOther', window );">Other temporary differences</a></td>
<td class="num">(81,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(151,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="num">(20,627,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(20,233,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet', window );">Total deferred taxes net of valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b),(c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible operating loss carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68052875&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br></p></div>
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<tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from employee compensation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68052875&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from provisions, reserves, allowances, and accruals, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68052875&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Glossary Deferred Tax Asset<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6510090<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseOther</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from reserves and accruals, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68052875&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsOther</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.7.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6793673712">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>10. Income Taxes (Details Narrative)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<div>Dec. 31, 2016 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Net operating loss carryforward</a></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of operating loss carryforward, before tax effects, available to reduce future taxable income under enacted tax laws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32559-109319<br></p></div>
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<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Expiration date of each operating loss carryforward included in operating loss carryforward, in CCYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65882285&amp;loc=d3e32559-109319<br></p></div>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>57
<FILENAME>Show.js
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
/**
 * Rivet Software Inc.
 *
 * @copyright Copyright (c) 2006-2011 Rivet Software, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * Version 2.4.0.3
 *
 */

var Show = {};
Show.LastAR = null,

Show.hideAR = function(){
	Show.LastAR.style.display = 'none';
};

Show.showAR = function ( link, id, win ){
	if( Show.LastAR ){
		Show.hideAR();
	}

	var ref = link;
	do {
		ref = ref.nextSibling;
	} while (ref && ref.nodeName != 'TABLE');

	if (!ref || ref.nodeName != 'TABLE') {
		var tmp = win ?
			win.document.getElementById(id) :
			document.getElementById(id);

		if( tmp ){
			ref = tmp.cloneNode(true);
			ref.id = '';
			link.parentNode.appendChild(ref);
		}
	}

	if( ref ){
		ref.style.display = 'block';
		Show.LastAR = ref;
	}
};

Show.toggleNext = function( link ){
	var ref = link;

	do{
		ref = ref.nextSibling;
	}while( ref.nodeName != 'DIV' );

	if( ref.style &&
		ref.style.display &&
		ref.style.display == 'none' ){
		ref.style.display = 'block';

		if( link.textContent ){
			link.textContent = link.textContent.replace( '+', '-' );
		}else{
			link.innerText = link.innerText.replace( '+', '-' );
		}
	}else{
		ref.style.display = 'none';

		if( link.textContent ){
			link.textContent = link.textContent.replace( '-', '+' );
		}else{
			link.innerText = link.innerText.replace( '-', '+' );
		}
	}
};
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>58
<FILENAME>report.css
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
/* Updated 2009-11-04 */
/* v2.2.0.24 */

/* DefRef Styles */
..report table.authRefData{
	background-color: #def;
	border: 2px solid #2F4497;
	font-size: 1em;
	position: absolute;
}

..report table.authRefData a {
	display: block;
	font-weight: bold;
}

..report table.authRefData p {
	margin-top: 0px;
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
