<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001683168-18-000868.txt : 20180402
<SEC-HEADER>0001683168-18-000868.hdr.sgml : 20180402
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20180402161400
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001683168-18-000868
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	10-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		59
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20171231
FILED AS OF DATE:		20180402
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20180402

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			QS Energy, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001103795
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	OIL & GAS FILED MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT [3533]
		IRS NUMBER:				522088326
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NV
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		10-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-29185
		FILM NUMBER:		18729024

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		23902 FM 2978
		CITY:			TOMBALL
		STATE:			TX
		ZIP:			77375
		BUSINESS PHONE:		805-845-3581

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		23902 FM 2978
		CITY:			TOMBALL
		STATE:			TX
		ZIP:			77375

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	SAVE THE WORLD AIR INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20000120
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>10-K
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>qsenergy_10k-123117.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM 10-K
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B></B></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-bottom: 3pt"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7pt"><A HREF="#a1">Table of Contents</A></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Washington, D.C. 20549</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM 10-K</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>For the fiscal year ended December 31,
2017</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>or</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">o </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>TRANSITION
REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>For the transition period from __________
to __________</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Commission File Number 0-29185</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in
its charter)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; text-align: center; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Nevada</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; text-align: center; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>52-2088326</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>23902 FM 2978</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Tomball, TX 77375</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Address, including zip code, of principal
executive offices)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(281)738-1893</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Registrant&rsquo;s telephone number, including
area code)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">_______________________________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Former name, former address and former
fiscal year, if changed since last report)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Securities registered pursuant to Section&nbsp;12(b)
of the Exchange Act: None.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Securities registered pursuant to Section&nbsp;12(g)
of the Exchange Act: Common Stock, $0.001 par value.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark if the registrant
is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Yes
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">o</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">No </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark if the registrant
is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Yes
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">o</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">No </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
(1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Yes
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">No </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">o</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted
and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (&sect; 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such
shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Yes
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">No </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">o</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Indicate
by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (&sect; 229.405 of this chapter) is not
contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant&rsquo;s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.
See the definitions of &ldquo;large accelerated filer,&rdquo; &ldquo;accelerated filer&rdquo;, &ldquo;smaller reporting company&rdquo;,
and &ldquo;emerging growth company&rdquo; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 42%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Large accelerated filer&nbsp; </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">o</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 38%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accelerated filer&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">o</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-accelerated filer </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">o</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Smaller reporting company&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">x</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging growth company&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">o</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for
complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">o</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Yes
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">o</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">No </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The aggregate market value of the voting
and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates (excluding voting shares held by officers and directors) as of June 30, 2017,
was $46,448,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The number of shares of the Registrant&rsquo;s
Common Stock outstanding as of March 30, 2018 was 236,176,617.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED
BY REFERENCE - None</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Transitional Small Business Disclosure Format (Check one)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Yes
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">o</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">No </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">x</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B></B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM 10-K</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><A NAME="a1"></A><B>INDEX4</B>&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a2">PART I</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a3">Item 1. Business</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a4">Item 1A. Risk Factors</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a5">Item&nbsp;1B. Unresolved Staff Comments</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a6">Item&nbsp;2. Properties</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a7">Item&nbsp;3. Legal Proceedings</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a8">Item&nbsp;4. Mine Safety Disclosures</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a9">PART II</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a10">Item&nbsp;5. Market for Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a11">Item 6. Selected Financial Data</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a12">Item&nbsp;7. Management&rsquo;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a13">Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a14">Item&nbsp;8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a15">Item&nbsp;9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a16">Item&nbsp;9A. Controls and Procedures</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a17">Item 9B. Other Information</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a18">PART III</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a19">Item&nbsp;10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a20">Item&nbsp;11. Executive Compensation</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a21">Item&nbsp;12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">39</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a22">Item&nbsp;13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a23">Item&nbsp;14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a24">PART IV</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a25">Item&nbsp;15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><A HREF="#a50">Item 16. Form 10-K Summary</A></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">46</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a26">SIGNATURES</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">47</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a33">EXHIBITS</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">48</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B></B></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a2"></A>PART
I</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Forward-Looking Statements</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Annual Report
on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include predictions and statements regarding
our future:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">revenues and profits;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">customers;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">research and development expenses and efforts;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">scientific and other third-party test results;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">sales and marketing expenses and efforts;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">liquidity and sufficiency of existing cash;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">technology and products; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the effect of recent accounting pronouncements on our financial condition and results of operations.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">You can identify these
and other forward-looking statements by the use of words such as &ldquo;may,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;expects,&rdquo;
&ldquo;anticipates,&rdquo; &ldquo;believes,&rdquo; &ldquo;estimates,&rdquo; &ldquo;intends,&rdquo; &ldquo;project,&rdquo; &ldquo;potential,&rdquo;
&ldquo;forecast&rdquo; &ldquo;continues,&rdquo; &ldquo;strategies,&rdquo; or the negative of such terms, or other comparable terminology,
and also include statements concerning plans, objectives, goals, strategies and future events or performance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our actual results
could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those
set forth below under the heading &ldquo;Risk Factors.&rdquo; We cannot assure you that we will achieve or accomplish our expectations,
beliefs or projections. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the
date hereof. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a3"></A>Item 1. Business</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The discussion of our
business is as of the date of filing this report, unless otherwise indicated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Overview</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">QS Energy, Inc. (&ldquo;QS
Energy&rdquo; or &ldquo;Company&rdquo; or &ldquo;we&rdquo; or &ldquo;us&rdquo; or &ldquo;our&rdquo;) develops and commercializes
energy efficiency technologies that assist in meeting increasing global energy demands, improving the economics of oil extraction
and transport, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Company's intellectual properties include a portfolio of domestic and
international patents and patents pending, a substantial portion of which have been developed in conjunction with and exclusively
licensed from Temple University of Philadelphia, PA (&ldquo;Temple&rdquo;). QS Energy's primary technology is called Applied Oil
Technology (AOT), a commercial-grade crude oil pipeline transportation flow-assurance product. Engineered specifically to reduce
pipeline pressure loss, increase pipeline flow rate and capacity, and reduce shippers&rsquo; reliance on diluents and drag reducing
agents to meet pipeline maximum viscosity requirements, AOT is a 100% solid-state system that reduces crude oil viscosity by applying
a high intensity electrical field to crude oil feedstock while in transit. AOT technology delivers reductions in crude oil viscosity
and pipeline pressure loss as demonstrated in independent third-party tests performed by the U.S. Department of Energy, the PetroChina
Pipeline R&amp;D Center, and ATS RheoSystems, a division of CANNON&trade;, at full-scale test facilities in the U.S. and China,
and under commercial operating conditions on one of North America&rsquo;s largest high-volume crude oil pipelines. Recent testing
on a commercial crude oil condensate pipeline demonstrated high correlation between laboratory analysis and full-scale AOT operations
under commercial operating conditions with onsite measurements and data collected by the pipeline operator on its supervisory control
and data acquisition (&ldquo;SCADA&rdquo;) system. The AOT product has transitioned from laboratory testing and ongoing research
and development to initial production and continued testing in advance of our goal of seeking acceptance and adoption by the midstream
pipeline marketplace. We continue to devote the bulk of our efforts to the promotion, design, testing and the commercial manufacturing
and operations of our crude oil pipeline products in the upstream and midstream energy sector. We anticipate that these efforts
will continue during 2018.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Company was incorporated
on February 18, 1998, as a Nevada Corporation under the name Mandalay Capital Corporation. The Company changed its name to Save
the World Air, Inc. on February 11, 1999. Effective August 11, 2015, the Company changed its name to QS Energy, Inc. The name change
was affected through a short-form merger pursuant to Section 92A.180 of the Nevada Revised Statutes. Additionally, QS Energy Pool,
Inc., a California corporation, was formed as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company on July 6, 2015 to serve as a vehicle for
the Company to explore, review and consider acquisition opportunities. To date, QS Energy Pool has not entered into any acquisition
transaction. In 2017, the Company ended acquisition activities and is considering dissolving QS Energy Pool in 2018 to reduce costs
associated with operating this subsidiary. The Company&rsquo;s common stock is quoted under the symbol &ldquo;QSEP&rdquo; on the
Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board. More information including the Company&rsquo;s fact sheet, logos and media articles are available
at our corporate website, www.qsenergy.com.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Between 2011 and 2012,
the Company transitioned from prototype testing of its AOT technology at the U.S. Department of Energy Rocky Mountain Oilfield
Testing Center, Midwest, Wyoming (&ldquo;RMOTC&rdquo;), to the design and production of full-scale commercial prototype units.
The Company worked in a collaborative engineering environment with multiple energy industry companies to refine the AOT Midstream
commercial design to comply with the stringent standards and qualification processes as dictated by independent engineering audit
groups and North American industry regulatory bodies. In May 2013, the Company&rsquo;s first commercial prototype unit known as
AOT Midstream, was completed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In 2013, the Company
entered into an Equipment Lease/Option to Purchase Agreement (&ldquo;TransCanada Lease&rdquo;) with TransCanada Keystone Pipeline,
L.P. by its agent TC Oil Pipeline Operations, Inc. (&quot;TransCanada&quot;) which agreed to lease and test the effectiveness of
the Company&rsquo;s AOT technology and equipment on one of TransCanada&rsquo;s operating pipelines. As previously reported in our
10-K report filed with the SEC on March 16, 2015, in June 2014, the equipment was accepted by TransCanada and the lease commenced
and the first full test of the AOT equipment on the Keystone pipeline was performed in July 2014 by Dr. Rongjia Tao of Temple University,
with subsequent testing performed by an independent laboratory, ATS RheoSystems, a division of CANNON&trade; (&ldquo;ATS&rdquo;)
in September 2014. Upon review of the July 2014 test results and preliminary report by Dr. Tao, QS Energy and TransCanada mutually
agreed that this initial test was flawed due to, among other factors, the short-term nature of the test, the inability to isolate
certain independent pipeline operating factors such as fluctuations in upstream pump station pressures, and limitations of the
AOT device to produce a sufficient electric field to optimize viscosity reduction. Subsequent testing by ATS in September 2014
demonstrated viscosity reductions of 8% to 23% depending on flow rates and crude oil types in transit. In its summary report, ATS
concluded that i) data indicated a decrease in viscosity of crude oil flowing through the TransCanada pipeline due to AOT treatment
of the crude oil; and ii) the power supply installed on our equipment would need to be increased to maximize reduction in viscosity
and take full advantage of the AOT technology. While more testing is required to establish the commercial efficacy of our AOT technology,
we are encouraged by the findings of these field tests performed under commercial operating conditions. The TransCanada Lease was
terminated by TransCanada, effective October 15, 2014. Upon termination of the TransCanada Lease, all equipment was uninstalled,
returned, inspected and configured for re-deployment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On July 15, 2014, the
Company entered into an Equipment Lease/Option to Purchase Agreement (&ldquo;Kinder Morgan Lease&rdquo;) with Kinder Morgan Crude
&amp; Condensate, LLC (&ldquo;Kinder Morgan&rdquo;) under which Kinder Morgan agreed to lease and test the effectiveness of the
Company&rsquo;s AOT technology and equipment on one of Kinder Morgan&rsquo;s operating pipelines. Equipment provided under the
Lease includes a single AOT Midstream pressure vessel with a maximum flow capacity of 5,000 gallons per minute. The equipment was
delivered to Kinder Morgan in December 2014 and installed in March 2015. In April 2015, during pre-start testing, low electrical
impedance was measured in the unit, indicating an electrical short. A replacement unit was installed May 2015. The second unit
also presented with low impedance when flooded with crude condensate from Kinder Morgan&rsquo;s pipeline. Subsequent to design
modifications, a remanufactured AOT unit was installed and tested at Kinder Morgan&rsquo;s pipeline facility in August 2015. Initial
results were promising, with the unit operating generally as expected. However, voltage dropped as preliminary tests continued,
indicating decreased impedance within the AOT pressure vessel. QS Energy personnel and outside consultants performed a series of
troubleshooting assessments and determined that, despite modifications made to the AOT, conductive materials present in the crude
oil condensate continued to be the root cause of the decreased impedance. Based on these results, QS Energy and Kinder Morgan personnel
mutually agreed to put a hold on final acceptance of equipment under the lease and temporarily suspend in-field testing to provide
time to re-test crude oil condensate in a laboratory setting, and thoroughly review and test selected AOT component design and
fabrication. Subsequent analysis and testing led to changes in electrical insulation, inlet flow improvements and other component
modifications. These design changes were implemented and tested by Industrial Screen and Maintenance (ISM), one of QS Energy's
supply chain partners in Casper, Wyoming. Tests performed by ISM at its Wyoming facility indicated significant improvements to
system impedance and efficiency of electric field generation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In February 2016, the
modified AOT equipment was installed at Kinder Morgan&rsquo;s facility. Pre-acceptance testing was performed in April 2016, culminating
in more than 24 hours of continuous operations. In-field viscosity measurements and pipeline data collected during this test indicated
the AOT equipment operated as expected, resulting in viscosity reductions equivalent to those measured under laboratory conditions.
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (&ldquo;SCADA&rdquo;) pipeline operating data collected by Kinder Morgan during this test
indicated a pipeline pressure drop reduction consistent with expectations. Kinder Morgan provided the Company with a number of
additional crude oil samples which were tested in the laboratory for future test correlation and operational planning purposes.
Based on final analysis of in-field test results, SCADA operating data and subsequent analysis of crude oil samples at Temple University,
Kinder Morgan and QS Energy are considering moving the AOT test facility to a different, higher-volume pipeline location. The Kinder
Morgan Lease is currently in suspension and lease payments have not yet commenced.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Southern Research Institute
(SRI) was engaged by QS Energy in 2015 to investigate the root cause of the crude oil condensate impedance issue by replicating
conditions experienced in the field utilizing a laboratory-scaled version of the AOT and crude oil condensate samples provided
by Kinder Morgan. In addition, QS Energy retained an industry expert petroleum pipeline engineer to review the AOT design and suggest
design modifications to resolve the crude oil condensate impedance issue. This engineer has studied design details, staff reports
and forensic photographs of each relevant AOT installation and test. Based on these investigations, specific modifications were
proposed to resolve the impedance issue, and improve the overall efficiency of the AOT device, resulting in a new value-engineered
design of certain AOT internal components.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company is actively
seeking new deployments of its AOT technology. In August 2015, QS Energy was invited to an offshore oil transfer platform in the
Gulf of Mexico. This offshore platform was assessed by QS Energy personnel for a potential deployment of the AOT viscosity reduction
technology as a solution for super-heavy crude oil flow assurance issues. Following the site visit, subject to non-disclosure agreements
executed by all parties, laboratory testing was performed on crude oil samples provided by the operator, which demonstrated significant
AOT viscosity reductions. Detailed hydraulic analysis based on laboratory results and pipeline operating parameters was presented
to the operator demonstrating potential benefits of AOT technology within the operator&rsquo;s specified infrastructure. Based
on this analysis, the Company prepared a preliminary configuration for AOT units optimized for the operator&rsquo;s high-volume,
space-constrained operations. Company engineers and supply chain partners presented an optimized configuration and production budget.
Discussions continue with this operator regarding an onsite pilot test deployment of the proposed AOT configuration, targeting
project planning in in 2018 and potential deployment in 2019.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In 2017, the Company
shifted its business development efforts to the development of one or more pilot projects intended to demonstrate and document
AOT efficacy, operational benefits, and financial impact. The Company is working with prospective customers on potential pilot
project sites in three primary markets: U.S., South America, and Asia. Each of these prospects operates heavy crude oil pipelines.
The Company&rsquo;s short-term goal is to have at least one pilot project operational in 2018 with the intention of converting
from pilot operations to revenue-generating commercial operations and future commercial AOT deployment. Company&rsquo;s efforts
are tightly focused on executing its pilot program strategy and conversations continue with prospective customers in the Gulf Coast,
Canada, and the Middle East.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the third quarter
2016, the Company developed a new onsite testing program to demonstrate AOT viscosity reduction at prospective customer sites.
This program utilized a fully functional laboratory-scale AOT device designed and developed by the Company and tested at the Southern
Research Institute. Under this program, Company engineers set up a temporary lab at the customer&rsquo;s site to test a full range
of crude oils. Fees charged for providing this service were dependent on scope of services, crude oil sample to be tested, and
onsite time requirements. In the fourth quarter 2016, the Company entered a contract to provide these onsite testing services to
a North American oil producer and pipeline operator over a one-week period in early 2017 at a fixed price of $50,000. This test
was performed in January 2017; data analysis and final report was completed in March 2017. Test results demonstrated viscosity
reduction under limited laboratory conditions. The test equipment was not capable of controlling temperature as required to simulate
operating conditions. The oil producer has requested access to a full-scale pilot facility and operating data when available. The
Company plans to upgrade the laboratory-scale AOT device in 2018 to include temperature control and is actively pursuing a pilot
site to demonstrate AOT operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In July 2017, the Company
filed for trademark protection for the word &ldquo;eDiluent&rdquo; in advance of rolling out a new marketing and revenue strategy
based on the concept of using AOT to reduce pipeline dependence upon diluent to reduce viscosity of crude oils. A primary function
of AOT is to reduce viscosity by means of its solid-state electronics technology; in essence providing an electronic form of diluent,
or &ldquo;eDiluent&rdquo;. The Company plans to market and sell a value-added service under the name eDiluent, designed to be upsold
by the Company&rsquo;s midstream pipeline customers in an effort to provide the Company with long-term recurring revenues.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In 2014, the Company
began development of a new suite of products based around the new electrical heat system which reduces oil viscosity through a
process known as joule heat (&ldquo;Joule Heat&rdquo;). The Company is designing and optimizing the Joule Heat technology for the
upstream oil transportation market. The Company filed two provisional patents related to the technology&rsquo;s method and apparatus
in the second quarter and fourth quarter of 2013, respectively. The first of the two provisional patents was finalized and submitted
to non-provisional status on April 29, 2014. The second of the two provisional patents was finalized and submitted to non-provisional
status at the end of the third quarter 2014.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In October 2014, QS
Energy entered into a Joint Development Agreement with Newfield Exploration Company (&ldquo;Newfield&rdquo;) to test a prototype
of QS Energy Joule Heat equipment, and combined Joule Heat and AOT technology, on a crude oil pipeline serving the Greater Monument
Butte oilfield located in the Uintah Basin of Utah. This test of the Joule Heat technology provides ideal conditions to demonstrate
efficiency and efficacy. The Uintah Basin is 5,000 to 10,000 feet above sea level with average low winter temperatures of 16&ordm;F.
Crude oil pumped from the region is highly paraffinic with the consistency of shoe polish at room temperature. Uintah's black wax
crude must remain at a minimum of 95&ordm;F and yellow wax above 115&ordm;F and therefore requires a substantial amount of heat
to keep it above its high pour point. Operators in the upstream market often run at temperatures of 140&ordm;F to 160&ordm;F. Newfield,
like many other companies in the region, incurs significant operating expense in the form of fuel and power used to heat the waxy
crude and counter the cold climate conditions characteristic of Utah. The Company&rsquo;s first Joule Heat prototype was installed
for testing purposes at the Newfield facility in June 2015 and the system is operational; however, changes to the prototype configuration
will be required to determine commercial effectiveness of this unit. During the third and fourth quarters of 2015, we worked with
Newfield and Dr. Carl Meinhart to modify the prototype configuration based on observed pipeline and Joule Heat operating factors.
In addition, QS Energy provided a scaled-down version of the Joule Heat unit for static and flow-through testing at SRI. Testing
performed by SRI in September 2015 on a laboratory-scale Joule Heat unit demonstrated the ability of the Joule Heat technology
to deliver temperature increases in the laboratory setting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In 2015, the Company
worked in collaboration with Newfield, SRI, Dr. Carl Meinhart, and our manufacturing partner to design and build an AOT prototype
unit, for operations in the upstream crude oil pipeline market (&ldquo;AOT Upstream&rdquo;). In December 2015, we temporarily suspended
Joule Heat and AOT Upstream development activities to focus Company resources on finalizing commercial development of the AOT Midstream.
Testing terminated at SRI and all prototype equipment was returned to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the third quarter
2017, the Company built a dedicated laboratory space at its Tomball Texas facility, and now has the capability to perform onsite
testing utilizing our laboratory-scale AOT device, among other equipment. Development of an AOT unit for use in crude oil upstream
and gathering operations was restarted in September 2017 utilizing resources at the Tomball facility, and the Company plans to
resume Joule Heat development in the future depending on the availability of sufficient capital and other resources. Also during
the third quarter 2017, the Company built an outdoor facility at its Tomball Texas facility for onsite storage of AOT inventory
and other large equipment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our expenses to date
have been funded primarily through the sale of shares of common stock and convertible debt, as well as proceeds from the exercise
of stock purchase warrants and options. We will need to raise substantial additional capital through 2018, and beyond, to fund
our sales and marketing efforts, continuing research and development, and certain other expenses, until our revenue base grows
sufficiently.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">There are significant
risks associated with our business, our Company and our stock. See &ldquo;Risk Factors,&rdquo; below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Our Business Strategy</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">QS Energy intends to
continue commercialization and marketing of its current technologies. Our current and primary product portfolio is dedicated to
the crude oil production and transportation marketplace, with a specifically-targeted product offering for enhancing the flow-assurance
parameters of new and existing pipeline gathering and transmission systems.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our primary goal is
to provide the oil industry with a cost-effective method by which to increase the number of barrels of oil able to be transported
per day through the industry&rsquo;s existing and newly built pipelines. The greatest impact on oil transport volume may be realized
through reductions in pipeline operator reliance on diluent for viscosity reduction utilizing AOT technology; a process the Company
refers to as electronic diluent, or &ldquo;eDiluent&rdquo;. The Company filed for trademark protection of the term eDiluent in
2017. We also seek to provide the oil industry with a way to reduce emissions from operating equipment. We believe our goals are
realizable via viscosity reduction using our AOT product line.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe QS Energy&rsquo;s
technologies will enable the petroleum industry to gain key value advantages boosting profit, while satisfying the needs of regulatory
bodies at the same time. In 2014 and 2016, we installed and operated AOT equipment on two North American pipelines, demonstrating
our ability to build, deliver and operate our AOT equipment on a high-volume commercial pipeline. Key players in the pipeline industry
continue to demonstrate interest in our technologies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our manufacturing strategy
is to contract with third-party vendors and suppliers, each with a strong reputation and proven track record in the pipeline industry.
These vendors are broken up by product component subcategory, enabling multiple manufacturing capacity redundancies and safeguards
to be utilized. In addition, this strategy allows the Company to eliminate the prohibitively high capital expenditures such as
costs of building, operating and maintaining its own manufacturing facilities, ratings, personnel and licenses, thereby eliminating
unnecessary capital intensity and risk.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our identified market
strategy is to continue meeting with oil and gas industry executives in the upstream, gathering, and midstream sectors from both
domestic and foreign companies. Our goal is to introduce our technology to oil and gas companies and to demonstrate potential value
for the purposes of negotiating commercial implementation of our AOT technology to their existing infrastructures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our strategy includes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Continue optimization and value engineering of our AOT Midstream commercial product line.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expand AOT Midstream pilot and commercial pipeline operations.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gain clearance from customers&rsquo; procurement divisions for expanded installation of AOT Midstream based on field pilot results.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Publish material events, collaborative arrangements, framework agreements and joint development agreements.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Co-Present with customers at various trade conferences in the United States.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Continue to make inroads and meet with key strategic potential customers in the following geographic regions:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.75in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Alberta, Canada</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.75in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Williston, Bakken Basin, USA</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.75in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Niobrara, Denver-Julesberg Basin, USA</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.75in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">d.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Uinta-Piceanse Basin</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.75in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">e.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Green River Basin</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">f.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Europe</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.75in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">g.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Middle East</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.75in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">h.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Asia</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.75in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Australia-Asia</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>j.</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">South and Central America</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">7.</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Continue to make inroads and strategic alliances with additional supply chain and logistics support to rapidly expand our production capacity beyond its current physical limitations, adding capacity, reach and stability with pre-approved supply chain members that meet the criteria of the customers&rsquo; procurement divisions.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">8.</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Further develop additional AOT and product models beyond targeting upstream and gathering energy production and transport sectors.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">9.</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Continue to develop collaboratively additional scientific and technical whitepaper reports, product development enhancements, and additional products with our engineering support, consultants and relationships.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>10.</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Seek long-term recurring revenues by directly offering or licensing electronic viscosity reduction (electronic
diluent, or &ldquo;eDiluent&rdquo;) as a service to reduce reliance on physical diluent.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Market Analysis Overview</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The energy sector continues
to operate in a period of both rapid change and expansion. Due to the relatively recent and widespread adoption of advanced oilfield
drilling and completion technologies, known as enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques, enormous reserves of &ldquo;tight&rdquo;
oil and gas are now recoverable from shale formations throughout North America and the world. This historic surge in upstream crude
oil production has resulted in costly and persistent transportation bottlenecks when moving upstream production to downstream storage,
offloading facilities and refineries. This persistent and severe industrywide problem is stimulating investments in new and existing
pipeline infrastructure and a reliance on less desirable alternate forms of transport, including rail and freight truck.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Since the initial use
of EOR or tertiary recovery techniques in the 1970s, oil and gas producers have progressively relied more heavily on the application
of gas and chemical injection as well as thermal recovery. These extraction techniques, coupled with a much greater number of new
wells in active oilfields, has raised the output of reservoirs by 30 to 60 percent above traditional primary and secondary recovery
practices. Due to the rapid adoption of advanced extraction technologies throughout the U.S. energy industry, a 34-year decline
in domestic oil and gas production was reversed in 2006. Historically high output from massive shale formations such as North Dakota&rsquo;s
Bakken, Texas&rsquo; Eagle Ford and Permian Basin, Colorado&rsquo;s Green River and Utah&rsquo;s Uintah Basin continues to the
present day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Other nations with
significant exploitable shale formations include Russia, China, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Libya, Australia, Venezuela, Mexico
and dozens of others, providing a ready market for crude oil pipeline optimization technologies as production comes online. All
told, the U.S. Energy Information Administration estimates there to be 345 billion barrels of identified and recoverable shale
oil worldwide.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Consequently, oil production
greatly exceeds the capacity of existing pipelines in the U.S., Canada, South and Central America, and many other regions of the
world, often resulting in delivery delays to refineries, as well as reliance on less desirable rail and tanker truck transport.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Recently, the softening
of oil prices worldwide has incentivized producers and transporters to reduce costs and seek technologies that can provide greater
operational efficiencies. AOT is specifically designed to increase pipeline capacity, while reducing reliance on diluent, pipeline
operating costs and overhead, thereby increasing margins and delivering measurable competitive advantages.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Projected Pipeline Infrastructure Investment</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Among the challenges
facing the global crude oil production and transportation sectors, few are as intransigent or detrimental to the industry as the
transportation bottlenecks and well-to-market delivery delays that are endemic here in North America and overseas. While new pipeline
infrastructure projects are underway here in the U.S., Canada and in foreign markets, gaining legislative approval is a lengthy
process and their construction is highly capital-intensive.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Although pipelines
are by far the safest and most economical transportation method, outmoded pipeline infrastructure constructed primarily in the
1950s and 1960s cannot provide the capacity necessary to move production downstream to storage, refinery and offloading facilities.
Consequently, delivery delays to refineries and reliance on less desirable rail and tanker truck transport have increased exponentially
since 2008 when the shale boom began in earnest. Data compiled by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, IHS Global and the
American Petroleum Institute identify billions in lost revenue opportunities for E&amp;P companies and tax collection agencies
in leading oil producing states such as Texas, North Dakota, Alaska, California, Colorado, Wyoming and Utah directly attributable
to production takeaway constraints.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of 2013, the U.S.
and Canadian midstream oil market was serviced by a total of 60,911 miles of crude oil pipelines, up 3,448 miles or 6 percent over
2012 and up 11,647 miles or 23 percent over the past decade. Planned midstream pipeline projects are expected to bring an additional
20,000 miles of pipeline capacity over the 5 to 10 years. However, the bulk of the active pipelines in the U.S. were constructed
several decades ago, necessitating enormous capital investments to maintain and update the aging pipeline infrastructure. Studies
by research firm IHS Global Inc. estimate that between 2014 and 2020, an average of greater than $80 billion will be invested annually
in U.S. midstream and downstream petroleum infrastructure.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Despite the recently
depressed price level of global oil benchmarks, experts forecast continued growth in crude oil pipeline capital expenditures. In
November 2017, Oil &amp; Gas Journal reported demand for new crude oil pipelines accelerating in 2018. The global outlook currently
forecasts new pipeline development costs in 2018 and beyond to exceed $50 billion. This demand is largely due to capacity constraints
coupled with the high cost of delivering crude oil by truck or rail. In January 2018, the U.S. Energy Information Administration
(&ldquo;EIA&rdquo;) advised that crude oil prices would likely remain flat as global production increased through 2019, with regional
price differentials fluctuating due to pipeline capacity constraints and the high cost of delivering by truck or rail. As reported,
in the absence of capacity constraints, the price differential between Western Canadian Crude and West Texas Crude typically settles
around $18 per barrel. In February 2018, this differential peaked at $30 per barrel.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">QS Energy&rsquo;s AOT
technology is strategically aligned with the major requirements and challenges facing the petroleum pipeline economy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">First, AOT allows the
oil transportation sector to increase capacity while remaining within maximum pressure requirements. The technology can increase
capacity for the industry and reduce reliance on truck and train transport, which has often proven inefficient and environmentally
hazardous. Second, AOT helps to reduce power consumption and other operating costs for pipeline operators. These technologies optimize
pipeline operating efficiency, which is especially important given the current oil price environment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In answer to the energy
industry&rsquo;s pressing challenges, QS Energy is commercializing cost-efficient solutions for increasing the capacity of existing
and new pipeline gathering and transmission systems, capable of reducing power consumption, operational overhead, increasing margins
and delivering measurable competitive advantages.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Target Markets</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The oil and gas sector
market can be segmented into three primary categories: Upstream Producers, Midstream Transporters and Downstream Refiners:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Upstream segment is involved in the exploration and production (E&amp;P) of oil and gas.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Midstream companies and partnerships transport oil and gas to markets via pipelines, rail and shipping, and provide storage in the field and at the destination location.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Downstream sector refines oil and gas into finished products and, in cooperation with manufacturers and retailers, markets and distributes fuels and other refined petroleum products.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Upstream Producers</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Upstream segment
has the greatest exposure to commodity prices. When prices fall as has been the case recently, they feel the brunt of this realignment.
They also have the most to gain from additional flow throughput capacity and therefore would see immediate benefit from QS Energy&rsquo;s
AOT.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This sector is typically
nimble and faces few barriers to entry. With clear financial upside for every additional barrel of crude oil that they are able
to transport, these companies are often open to new and innovative technology capable of providing greater efficiencies, lower
costs and improved cash flow. Upstream producers physically move the most volume of product. They are customers to the Midstream
transporters and enter into long-term contractual shipping obligations (tariff-based transportation contracts) with Midstream transporters
to secure the movement of product from their fields to the refiners and markets downstream.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Producers make the
spot market price for every barrel delivered to refinery, minus the transport costs, tariffs, and marketing discounts associated
with bringing the product to market. A rough rule of thumb for this market is that the further away they are from the refinery,
the higher the transport costs to deliver the product. Discussions with Upstream entities has uncovered strong interest in solutions
that unlock chokepoints from their field equipment to the transmission line loading terminals through viscosity reduction (AOT).
In addition, this group would also benefit from transporters implementing our AOT transmission-line series due to its ability to
increase the overall flow capacity of pipelines transporting product from loading terminals to market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Midstream entities
transport the bulk of the world&rsquo;s crude oil output via the 400,000 miles of crude oil pipelines globally. Domestically, they
deliver a large percentage of the U.S. daily production of 9.2 million barrels per day through 160,000 miles of crude pipelines.
Midstream operators represent a strong and ready market for AOT, and field test deployments for both solutions are underway.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The pipeline transport
operators&rsquo; business model is to charge a tariff to transport each barrel of oil through their pipeline. Due to the high daily
volume of oil being transported and its value as a commodity, even incremental performance efficiencies can drive significant reductions
in overhead reduction and increases in toll revenues. AOT may also provide pipeline operators the opportunity to offer on-demand
electronic diluent as a service at a premium fee to customers highly dependent on diluent to meet viscosity requirements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The potential benefits
of AOT includes increased flow, reduced pipeline operating pressure and reduced friction losses and friction-induced heat build-up,
providing economic benefits through increased capacity and toll rate income, and regulatory benefits through reductions in BTU
per ton-mile, off-gassing and reduced carbon emissions (CO2).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Midstream Gathering Transporters</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A subset of the Midstream
transporters sector is the gathering line operators, this group often functions as a part of the Upstream producers&rsquo; operations,
or within the Midstream transporter&rsquo;s operations. Midstream gathering lines are the regional transportation infrastructure
that connect Upstream oilfield gathering lines to Midstream long distance main trunk lines. Typically, these pipelines are of a
relatively short length (20-100 miles) and have diameters between 6&rdquo; and 12&rdquo;, and could benefit from our smaller, lower
cost AOT technology.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Downstream Refineries / Offloading Facilities</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The third market category
of the industry that can potentially benefit from our technologies consists of downstream refineries and rail, truck and marine
offloading facilities. AOT viscosity reduction technology have the potential to benefit the Downstream market sector through reduced
reliance on chemical-based flow assurance additives, reduced friction from turbulent pipelines, reduced volatility, and subsequent
evaporation mitigation practices and hardware requirements as mandated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Our Products and Technology</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>AOT Commercial Products</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Beginning in the second
quarter of 2012, the Company began the design and engineering efforts required to transition from prototype testing to full-scale
commercial unit production. The Company established its supply chain, designs, drawings, engineering, certifications and specifications
to comply with the engineering audit processes as dictated by the energy industry regulation processes and North American regulatory
bodies. We have built, delivered and tested, under limited duration and conditions, AOT equipment on a high-volume commercial pipeline.
We have not proven the commercial viability of this product. Please see &ldquo;ITEM 1A, Risk Factors&rdquo;, for a discussion associated
with the commercial viability of our products.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The first commercial
deployment of AOT occurred on the Keystone Pipeline in Udall, Kansas in May 2014, utilizing four AOT pressure vessels in a parallel
&ldquo;4-Pack&rdquo; configuration for a cumulative capacity of 600,000 barrels per day. This system was operated under normal
pipeline operating conditions as reported in the ATS RheoSystems field test summary report dated February 5, 2015. See section
titled &ldquo;Laboratory and Scientific Testing&rdquo; below for more information on test procedures and results. Subsequent to
testing and termination of the TransCanada lease, the AOT 4-Pack was uninstalled and reconfigured for deployment as four individual
AOT units.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our second AOT commercial
installation was a single AOT deployment initially installed in March 2015 on the Kinder Morgan Crude &amp; Condensate pipeline,
which provides takeaway capacity for the Eagle Ford Shale in South Texas, primarily delivering light crude oil. As discussed in
the Overview section above, equipment was installed limited operations and tests were performed in 2015 and 2016. Based on final
analysis of in-field test results, SCADA operating data and subsequent analysis of crude oil samples at Temple University, Kinder
Morgan and QS Energy are considering moving the AOT test facility to a different, higher-volume pipeline location with more viscous
crude.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company continues
to optimize and value engineer its AOT product line, targeting both midstream and upstream markets. In 2018, the Company plans
to focus its efforts and resources on its pilot program strategy and finalizing commercialization of the AOT product line.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Joule Heat Product Development</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company began development
its Joule Heat product in 2014, based around the new electrical heat system which reduces oil viscosity through a process known
as joule heat, specifically targeting the upstream crude oil transportation market. The Company&rsquo;s first Joule Heat prototype
was installed for testing purposes under a joint development agreement with Newfield Exploration Company in June 2015 and the system
is operational; however, changes to the prototype configuration will be required to determine commercial effectiveness of this
unit. In December 2015, we temporarily suspended Joule Heat development activities to focus Company resources on finalizing commercial
development of the AOT. We plan to resume Joule Heat development in the future depending on the availability of sufficient capital
and other resources.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>AOT Commercial Supply Chain</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company has developed
a well-established supply chain for fabrication of the commercial AOT. The supply chain consists of multiple component suppliers
and manufacturing companies engaged under Independent Contractor Agreements according to their respective fields of expertise.
The supply chain entities have been chosen for their ability to work collaboratively with QS Energy and for their existing relationships
with current and potential future customers of QS Energy technologies. The external components such as pressure vessels, inlet
and outlet piping header systems, personnel and equipment shelters are manufactured under contract with Power Service Inc. with
offices in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, and Texas. Internal components such as grid packs, electrical connections
and other machined parts are manufactured by Industrial Screen and Maintenance, with offices in Wyoming and Colorado. All equipment
is manufactured in the United States of America, using only approved raw materials and vendors for quality control and import/export
compliance purposes and meet the certifications and specifications as dictated by our customers and their independent oversight
and auditing authorities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Other components such
as power systems, electrical junction boxes, cabling, hardware, switches, circuit breakers, computer equipment, sensors, SCADA/PLC,
software and other power and integration equipment are purchased as complete units from various suppliers with operations based
throughout North America. All component vendors are required to meet or exceed the same specifications as the parts manufacturers
to maintain compliance as dictated by our customers and their independent oversight and auditing authorities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>AOT Intellectual Property</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company began its
own independent audit process for the updating of its intellectual property portfolio in 2012. The goal of this process was to
streamline unnecessary legacy items left over from prior management, consolidate efforts to countries and regions of interest and
retire items that were no longer valid or had been replaced with new intellectual property developments. In 2013, the Company retained
the law firm of Jones Walker LLP, with operations based in Houston, Texas and began consolidation and streamlining efforts to manage
intellectual properties. Since that time, QS Energy has filed two additional provisional patents related to our technologies&rsquo;
method and apparatus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">QS Energy is currently
maintaining and licensing from Temple University a portfolio of domestic and international patents, which have either been granted
or have been published and are pending subject to final approval by the respective patent agency. Each of these intellectual properties
are related to QS Energy&rsquo;s AOT, Joule Heat and Fuel Injector technologies. AOT technologies are being actively developed
and marketed by the Company. Active development of QS Energy&rsquo;s Fuel Injector and Joule Heat technologies have been suspended.
The Company continues to maintain a license agreement with Temple University with respect to the underlying Fuel Injector patents,
and is considering its options to re-start commercialization, sublicense the technology, or terminate the fuel injector license
agreement with Temple. For details of the licensing agreements with Temple University, see Financial Statements attached hereto,
Note 6. Please see ITEM 1A, Risk Factors below for a discussion of risks associated with these intellectual properties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Current Business Status</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company is currently
focusing its efforts on securing one or more pilot projects specifically targeting three primary markets: U.S., South America,
and Asia. Target prospects in each of these areas operate heavy crude oil pipelines with identified system-wide needs which may
benefit from AOT viscosity reduction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In November, the Company&rsquo;s
CEO and VP of Engineering traveled to South America, meeting with eight companies in Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru. After communicating
remotely with engineers and executives of these companies over the past few months, this trip provided an opportunity to meet face-to-face,
tour facilities and operations, and see first-hand how and where AOT would likely provide benefit to their operations. Each of
these companies expressed both interest and need for our AOT technology and discussions are continuing at a variety of levels.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">One of the Company&rsquo;s
most interesting South American prospects has a defined need to increase capacity on pipelines transporting a very heavy crude
typical throughout South America. This operator is weighing the benefits of AOT against the option of installing more pump stations
while adding more diluent to its blend to meet its needs. A heavy crude oil sample provided by this operator was tested at Temple
University in March 2018, demonstrating viscosity reductions of 50% and above at variety of temperatures from room temperature
up to 160 degrees Fahrenheit. Duration testing indicated this crude oil maintains AOT-induced viscosity reduction well beyond
24 hours, retaining 85% of its AOT viscosity reduction 24 hours post-treatment. Preliminary analysis of laboratory results applied
to this operator&rsquo;s pipeline infrastructure indicates AOT could decrease reliance on diluent and increase flow rates, resulting
in increased pipeline capacity of more than 20%. We are now working with this operator to detail the scope and terms of a potential
pilot project.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company recently
reopened discussions with an Asian crude oil company with prior experience testing AOT equipment in the field. Although these discussions
are early stage, we hope to move quickly based on their experience and familiarity with QS Energy and our technology.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In March 2018, the
Company received preliminary approval from a prospective customer and has moved from concept to planning phase, targeting pilot
installation in July 2018. Discussions are now underway to finalize project details and definitive documents. The overseas pipeline
site under consideration transports very heavy crudes and is highly dependent on diluents to meet viscosity requirements. This
project presents an excellent opportunity to determine AOT efficacy and demonstrate both financial and operational benefits of
AOT. The pipeline operator is well positioned to benefit from system-wide adoption of AOT and could have high demand for our technology.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">North America continues
to be a market of major focus. After operating AOT on a condensate (ultralight) pipeline in Texas, we continue to work with this
midstream operator to locate a new test site on a pipeline transporting heavier crude to demonstrate greater benefit from AOT viscosity
reduction. We are also in discussions with several other U.S. and Canadian midstream companies regarding a pilot project allowing
for data transparency. We are working closely with one midstream operator with an expressed interest in using AOT to alleviate
pipeline bottlenecks in the Southern United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our efforts are tightly
focused on executing our pilot program strategy and conversations continue with prospective customers in the Gulf Coast, Canada,
Europe, and the Middle East.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Laboratory and Scientific Testing</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">From 2010 through 2013,
the Company worked with the U.S. Department of Energy (&ldquo;US DOE&rdquo;) to test its technology at the Department of Energy&rsquo;s
Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center (&ldquo;RMOTC&rdquo;), near Casper, Wyoming.&nbsp; This third-party testing independently
verified the efficacy of the Company&rsquo;s technology operating in a controlled facility, using commercial-scale prototype of
our AOT equipment. These tests were summarized in the US DOE Rocky Mountain Oilfield Test Center report dated April 4, 2012 (&ldquo;ROMRC
Report&rdquo;), which reported AOT measured pressure loss reduction of 40% and viscosity reduction of 40%; and reported observed
reductions in line-loss and gains in pump operation efficiency across the entire length of the 4.4-mile test pipeline. A subsequent
long-duration (24-hour) test at the RMOTC facility tested the effectiveness of AOT in treating oil overnight, as pipeline oil temperatures
and viscosities drop. In its report dated May 3, 2012 to May 4, 2012, US DOE engineers recorded 56% reduction in viscosity of the
AOT-treated oil versus untreated oil, with AOT effectively stabilizing oil viscosity throughout the overnight run despite dropping
temperatures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Laboratory testing
of our AOT technology has been conducted by Dr. Rongjia Tao. Testing of the technology as applied to crude oil transmission has
been conducted at Temple University in their Physics Department, in addition to the US DOE, at their Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing
Center, located on the Naval Petroleum Reserve #3 Teapot Dome Oilfield, north of Casper, Wyoming. In addition, a group led by Dr.
Rongjia Tao, Chairman, Department of Physics of Temple University conducted experiments, using the laboratory-scale Applied Oil
Technology apparatus at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research (CNR). NIST is an
agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce, founded in 1901 in Gaithersburg, Maryland.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Independent laboratory
testing was also conducted as a collaborative effort by Temple University and PetroChina Pipeline R&amp;D Center (&ldquo;PetroChina&rdquo;)
in 2012. In its report dated June 26, 2012 (&ldquo;PetroChina Report&rdquo;), PetroChina concluded, &ldquo;The above series of
tests show that it is very effective to use AOT to reduce the viscosity of crude oil. We can see that AOT has significantly reduced
the viscosity of Daqing crude oil, Changqing crude oil, and Venezuela crude oil, and greatly improved its flow rate.&rdquo;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As previously reported
in 2014, QS Energy installed and tested its commercial AOT equipment, leased and operated by TransCanada on TransCanada&rsquo;s
high-volume Keystone pipeline operation.&nbsp; The first full test of the AOT equipment on the Keystone pipeline was performed
in July 2014, with preliminary data analyzed and reported by Dr. Rongjia Tao of Temple University. Upon review of the July 2014
test results and preliminary report by Dr. Tao, QS Energy and TransCanada mutually agreed that this initial test was flawed due
to, among other factors, the short-term nature of the test, the inability to isolate certain independent pipeline operating factors
such as fluctuations in upstream pump station pressures, and limitations of the AOT device to produce a sufficient electric field
to optimize viscosity reduction.&nbsp; Although Dr. Tao&rsquo;s preliminary report indicated promising results, QS Energy and TransCanada
mutually agreed that no conclusions could be reliably reached from the July 2014 test or from Dr. Tao&rsquo;s preliminary report.
As a result of this test, the Company modified its testing protocols and contracted with an independent laboratory, ATS RheoSystems,
a division of CANNON (&ldquo;ATS&rdquo;), to perform follow-up tests at the TransCanada facility. This independent laboratory performed
viscosity measurements at the TransCanada facility during subsequent testing in September 2014. As detailed in its field test report
dated October 6, 2014, ATS measured AOT viscosity reductions of 8% to 23% depending on flow rates and crude oil types in transit.
Over the duration of a 24-hour test intended to measure the recovery of the AOT treated oil from its reduced-viscosity treated
state to its original pre-treated viscosity, ATS measured viscosity reductions of 23% three hours after treatment and 11% thirteen
hours after treatment, with the crude oil returning to its untreated state approximately twenty-two hours after treatment. In its
summary report dated February 5, 2015, ATS concluded that i) data indicated a decrease in viscosity of crude oil flowing through
the TransCanada pipeline due to AOT treatment of the crude oil; and ii) the power supply installed on our equipment would need
to be increased to maximize reduction in viscosity and take full advantage of the AOT technology.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Although, as reported
by ATS, the efficacy of the AOT technology operated in the TransCanada field test was constrained due to limitations of the electric
field applied by that unit&rsquo;s power supply, subsequent analysis by QS Energy personnel of ATS test results compared against
laboratory tests performed at Temple University on oil samples provided by TransCanada revealed a single test run in which the
electric field generated by the AOT was sufficient to fully treat the oil given operating conditions at the time of the test. In
this test run, ATS measured a 23% reduction in viscosity three hours after AOT treatment. Laboratory tests at Temple University
performed on a sample of crude oil provided by TransCanada of the same type treated in that specific field test measured a 27%
reduction in viscosity in the laboratory immediately following treatment. Allowing for the actual three-hour of recovery time of
the field test measurement, the resulting field test viscosity reduction of 23% correlates very well to the 27% viscosity reduction
achieved in the laboratory setting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Due to the small sample
size of tests performed during the TransCanada field test, results reported by ATS are statistically inconclusive and cannot be
relied upon to provide proof of AOT efficacy. While more testing is required to establish the efficacy of our AOT technology, we
are encouraged by the findings of our independent research laboratory and the results of subsequent comparative analysis of data
collected under laboratory and commercial operating conditions. We look forward to further development and commercialization of
our technology. The TransCanada Lease was terminated by TransCanada, effective October 15, 2014. The Company has modified the design
of the AOT power supply such that future installations of the AOT device are expected to achieve sufficient electric field to optimize
viscosity reduction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company contracted
Southern Research Company (&ldquo;SRI&rdquo;) in 2015 to perform independent laboratory tests on its prototype Joule Heat units
AOT Upstream units. SRI performed tests on a prototype Joule Heat unit in September 2015, which showed promising results in which
the Joule Heat prototype was observed to increase crude oil temperatures. In December 2015, we temporarily suspended Joule Heat
and AOT Upstream development activities to focus Company resources on finalizing commercial development of the AOT Midstream. Testing
terminated at SRI and all prototype equipment was returned to the Company. We currently plan to resume Joule Heat and AOT Upstream
development in the fourth quarter of 2016 depending on the availability of sufficient capital and other resources.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Competition</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The oil transportation
industry is highly competitive. We are aware of only three currently available competitive technologies in widespread use for reducing
the viscosity of oil throughout the world. Many of our competitors have greater financial, research, marketing and staff resources
than we do. For instance, oil pipeline operators use heat, diluents such as naphtha and/or natural gasoline, and/or chemical viscosity
reduction additives, or chemical drag-reducing agents to improve flow in pipelines. Our research indicates that these methods are
either very energy-intensive, or costly to implement on a day to day basis. Management believes that the Company&rsquo;s AOT technology
presents advantages over traditional methods, yet the industry&rsquo;s willingness to experiment with new technology may pose some
challenges in acceptance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are not aware of
any other technology using uniform electrical field crude oil viscosity reduction technology which is designed to significantly
improve pipeline operation efficiency. Although we are unaware of any technologies that compete directly with our technologies,
there can be no assurance that any unknown existing or future technology will not be superior to products incorporating our AOT
technology. Major domestic and international manufacturers and distributors of pipeline flow-improvement chemical solutions include
Pemex, Petrotrin, Pluspetrol, Repsol, Glencore, Conoco-Philips, and Baker-Hughes. According to our research, heater skid manufacturers
are generally local to the oilfield and pipeline regions, and are comprised of a large number of relatively small businesses in
a fragmented industry. Major heater skid manufacturers are Parker, KW International, Thermotech Systems, LTD.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Government Regulation and Environmental
Matters</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our research and development
activities are not subject to any governmental regulations that would have a significant impact on our business and we believe
that we are in compliance with all applicable regulations that apply to our business as it is presently conducted. Our products,
as such, are not subject to certification or approval by the EPA or other governmental agencies domestically or internationally.
Depending upon whether we manufacture or license our products in the future and in which countries such products are manufactured
or sold, we may be subject to regulations, including environmental regulations, at such time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Non-Disclosure Agreements</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">To protect our intellectual
property, we have entered into agreements with certain employees and consultants, which limit access to, and disclosure or use
of, our technology. There can be no assurance, however, that the steps we have taken to deter misappropriation of our intellectual
property or third-party development of our technology and/or processes will be adequate, that others will not independently develop
similar technologies and/or processes or that secrecy will not be breached. In addition, although management believes that our
technology has been independently developed and does not infringe on the proprietary rights of others, there can be no assurance
that our technology does not and will not so infringe or that third parties will not assert infringement claims against us in the
future. Management believes that the steps they have taken to date will provide some degree of protection; however, no assurance
can be given that this will be the case.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Employees</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of December&nbsp;31,
2017, the Company had five (5) full-time employees. We also utilized the services of part-time consultants on an as-needed basis
to assist us with various matters, including&nbsp;engineering, logistics, investor relations, public relations, accounting and
sales and marketing. We intend to hire additional personnel to provide services when they are needed on a full-time basis. We recognize
that our efficiency largely depends, in part, on our ability to hire and retain additional qualified personnel as and when needed
and we have adopted procedures to assure our ability to do so.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a4"></A>Item 1A.&nbsp;Risk Factors</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>We have a history
of losses, and we cannot assure you that we will ever become or remain profitable. As a result, you may lose your entire investment.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We generated insignificant
revenues from operations in late 2006 and subsequently did not generate any revenues until 2014 and we have incurred recurring
net losses every year since our inception in 1998. For the fiscal years ended December&nbsp;31, 2017 and 2016, we had net losses
of $4,835,000 and $4,000,000 respectively. To date, we have dedicated most of our financial resources to research and development,
general and administrative expenses and initial sales and marketing activities. We have funded all of our activities through sales
of our debt and equity securities for cash. We anticipate net losses and negative cash flow to continue until such time as our
products are brought to market in sufficient amounts to offset operating losses. Our ability to achieve profitability is dependent
upon our continuing research and development, product development, and sales and marketing efforts, to deliver viable products
and the Company&rsquo;s ability to successfully bring them to market. Although our management is optimistic that we will succeed
in marketing products incorporating our technologies, there can be no assurance that we will ever generate significant revenues
or that any revenues that may be generated will be sufficient for us to become profitable or thereafter maintain profitability.
If we cannot generate sufficient revenues or become or remain profitable, we may have to cease our operations and liquidate our
business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Our independent
auditors have expressed doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, which may hinder our ability to obtain future financing.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In their report dated&nbsp;April
2, 2018,&nbsp;our independent auditors stated that our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2017
were prepared assuming that we would continue as a going concern. Our ability to continue as a going concern is an issue raised
as a result of our recurring net losses and accumulated deficit from operations since inception. We had a stockholders&rsquo; deficit
of $1,874,000 as of December&nbsp;31, 2017. Our ability to continue as a going concern is subject to our ability to obtain significant
additional capital to fund our operations and to generate revenue from sales, of which there is no assurance. The going concern
qualification in the auditor&rsquo;s report could materially limit our ability to raise additional capital. If we fail to raise
sufficient capital, we may have to liquidate our business and you may lose your investment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Since we have not
yet begun to generate positive cash flow from operations, our ability to continue operations is dependent on our ability to either
begin to generate positive cash flow from operations or our ability to raise capital from outside sources.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have not generated
positive cash flow from operations since our inception in February 1998 and have relied on external sources of capital to fund
operations. We had $204,000 in cash at December 31, 2017 and used cash from operations of $1,786,000 for the year ended December
31, 2017.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We currently do not
have credit facilities available with financial institutions or other third parties, and historically have relied upon best efforts
third-party funding. Though we have been successful at raising capital on a best efforts basis in the past, we can provide no assurance
that we will be successful in any future best-efforts financing endeavors. We will need to continue to rely upon financing from
external sources to fund our operations for the foreseeable future. If we are unable to raise sufficient capital from external
sources to fund our operations, we may need to curtail operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>We will need substantial
additional capital to meet our operating needs, and we cannot be sure that additional financing will be available.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of December&nbsp;31,
2017 and thereafter, our expenses ran, and are expected to continue to run, at an approximate &ldquo;cash burn rate&rdquo; of $100,000
per month, which amount could increase during 2018. In order to fund our capital needs, we conducted private offerings of our securities
in 2016 and 2017. While discussion regarding additional interim and permanent financings are being actively conducted, management
cannot predict with certainty that an equity line of credit will be available to provide adequate funds, or any funds at all, or
whether any additional interim or permanent financings will be available at all or, if it is available, if it will be available
on favorable terms. If we cannot obtain needed capital, our research and development, and sales and marketing plans, business and
financial condition and our ability to reduce losses and generate profits will be materially and adversely affected.<B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our business prospects
are difficult to predict because of our limited operating history, early stage of development and unproven business strategy. Since
our incorporation in 1998, we have been and continue to be involved in development of products using our technology, establishing
manufacturing and marketing of these products to consumers and industry partners. Although we believe our technology and products
in development have significant profit potential, we may not attain profitable operations and our management may not succeed in
realizing our business objectives.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>If we are not able
to devote adequate resources to product development and commercialization, we may not be able to develop our products.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our business strategy
is to develop, manufacture and market products incorporating our AOT and Joule Heat technologies. We believe that our revenue growth
and profitability, if any, will substantially depend upon our ability to raise additional necessary capital for research and development,
complete development of our products in development and successfully introduce and commercialize our products.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Certain of our products
are still under various stages of development. Because we have limited resources to devote to product development and commercialization,
any delay in the development of one product or reallocation of resources to product development efforts that prove unsuccessful
may delay or jeopardize the development of other product candidates. Although our management believes that it can finance our product
development through private placements and other capital sources, if we do not develop new products and bring them to market, our
ability to generate revenues will be adversely affected.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>The commercial viability
of QS Energy&rsquo;s technologies remains largely unproven and we may not be able to attract customers.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Despite the fact that
we leased AOT equipment in 2014 to a major oil pipeline operator and tested the equipment on their high-volume pipeline under normal
operating conditions, have entered into a lease agreement with a second major oil pipeline operator to operate and test AOT equipment
in 2015, and initiated testing of our Joule Heat technology in laboratory and commercial operating conditions in 2015, the commercial
viability of our devices is not known at this time. If commercial opportunities are not realized from the use of products incorporating
the AOT and Joule Heat technologies, our ability to generate revenue would be adversely affected. There can be no assurances that
we will be successful in marketing our products, or that customers will ultimately purchase our products. Failure to have commercial
success from the sale of our products will significantly and negatively impact our financial condition. There can be no assurances
that we will be successful in<B><I>&nbsp;</I></B>marketing our products, or that customers will ultimately purchase our products.
Failure to have commercial success from the sale of our products will significantly and negatively impact our financial condition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>If our products
and services do not gain market acceptance, it is unlikely that we will become profitable.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At this time, our technology
is commercially unproven, and the use of our technology by others is limited. Specific examples of use to date include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Temple University, testing, research and joint development;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">U.S. Department of Energy Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center, testing and research;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PetroChina Pipeline R&amp;D Center, testing and research;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">TransCanada, testing;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Kinder Morgan Crude and Condensate, testing, possible conversion to commercial use;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Newfield Exploration Company, testing and joint development;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On-site testing of a laboratory-scale AOT at a Canadian oil producer&rsquo;s facility in Alberta Canada.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The commercial success
of our products will depend upon the adoption of our technology by the oil industry. Market acceptance will depend on many factors,
including:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the willingness and ability of consumers and industry partners to adopt new technologies;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our ability to convince potential industry partners and consumers that our technology is an attractive alternative to other technologies;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our ability to manufacture products and provide services in sufficient quantities with acceptable quality and at an acceptable cost; and,</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">our ability to place and service sufficient quantities of our products.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If our products do
not achieve a significant level of market acceptance, demand for our products will not develop as expected and it is unlikely that
we will become profitable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>We outsource and
rely on third parties for the manufacture of our products.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our business model
calls for the outsourcing of the manufacture of our products in order to reduce our capital and infrastructure costs, capital
expenditure and personnel. Accordingly, we must enter into agreements with other companies that can assist us and provide certain
capabilities that we do not possess, and to increase our manufacturing capacity as necessary. We can provide no assurances that
any such outsourcing will be at commercially acceptable rates or profitable. Moreover, we do not have the required financial and
human resources or capability to manufacture, market and sell our products. Our business model calls for the outsourcing of the
manufacture, and sales and marketing of our products in order to reduce our capital and infrastructure costs as a means of potentially
improving our financial position and the profitability of our business. Accordingly, we must enter into agreements with other
companies that can assist us and provide certain capabilities that we do not possess. We may not be successful in entering into
additional such alliances on favorable terms or at all. Furthermore, any delay in entering into agreements could delay the development
and commercialization of our products and reduce their competitiveness even if they reach the market. Any such delay related to
our existing or future agreements could adversely affect our business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>If any party to
which we have outsourced certain functions fails to perform its obligations under agreements with us, the development and commercialization
of our products could be delayed or curtailed.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">To the extent that
we rely on other companies to manufacture, sell or market our products, we will be dependent on the timeliness and effectiveness
of their efforts. If any of these parties do not perform its obligations in a timely and effective manner, the commercialization
of our products could be delayed or curtailed because we may not have sufficient financial resources or capabilities to continue
such development and commercialization on our own.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Any revenues that
we may earn in the future are unpredictable, and our operating results are likely to fluctuate from quarter to quarter.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe that our
future operating results will fluctuate due to a variety of factors, including delays in product development, market acceptance
of our new products, changes in the demand for and pricing of our products, competition and pricing pressure from competitive products,
manufacturing delays and expenses related to and the results of proceedings relating to our intellectual property.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A large portion of
our expenses, including expenses for our facilities, equipment and personnel, is relatively fixed and not subject to further significant
reduction. In addition, we expect our operating expenses will increase in the future as we continue our commercialization efforts
and increase our production and marketing activities, among other activities. Although we expect to generate revenues from sales
of our products, revenues may decline or not grow as anticipated and our operating results could be substantially harmed for a
particular fiscal period. Moreover, our operating results in some quarters may not meet the expectations of stock market analysts
and investors. In that case, our stock price most likely would decline.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Nondisclosure agreements
with employees and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In order to protect
our proprietary technology and processes, we rely in part on nondisclosure agreements with our employees, licensing partners, customers,
consultants, agents and other organizations to which we disclose our proprietary information. These agreements may not effectively
prevent disclosure of confidential information and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of
confidential information. In addition, others may independently discover trade secrets and proprietary information, and in such
cases, we could not assert any trade secret rights against such parties. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary
to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely
affect our competitive business position. Since we rely on trade secrets and nondisclosure agreements, in addition to patents,
to protect some of our intellectual property, there is a risk that third parties may obtain and improperly utilize our proprietary
information to our competitive disadvantage. We may not be able to detect unauthorized use or take appropriate and timely steps
to enforce our intellectual property rights.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>The manufacture,
use or sale of our current and proposed products may infringe on the patent rights of others, and we may be forced to litigate
if an intellectual property dispute arises.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have taken measures
to protect ourselves from infringing on the patent rights of others; however, if we infringe or are alleged to have infringed another
party&rsquo;s patent rights, we may be required to seek a license, defend an infringement action or challenge the validity of the
patents in court. Patent litigation is costly and time consuming. We may not have sufficient resources to bring these actions to
a successful conclusion. In addition, if we do not obtain a license, do not successfully defend an infringement action or are unable
to have infringed patents declared invalid, we may incur substantial monetary damages ,encounter significant delays in marketing
our current and proposed product candidates, be unable to conduct or participate in the manufacture, use or sale of product, candidates
or methods of treatment requiring licenses, lose patent protection for our inventions and products; or find our patents are unenforceable,
invalid, or have a reduced scope of protection.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Parties making such
claims may be able to obtain injunctive relief that could effectively block our ability to further develop or commercialize our
current and proposed product candidates in the United States and abroad and could result in the award of substantial damages. Defense
of any lawsuit or failure to obtain any such license could substantially harm the company. Litigation, regardless of outcome, could
result in substantial cost to and a diversion of efforts by the Company to operate its business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>We may face costly
intellectual property / license agreements disputes.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our ability to compete
effectively will depend in part on our ability to develop and maintain proprietary aspects of our technologies and either to operate
without infringing the proprietary rights of others or to obtain rights to technology owned by third parties. Our pending patent
applications, specifically patent rights of the AOT technology and Joule Heating process may not result in the issuance of any
patents or any issued patents that will offer protection against competitors with similar technology. Patents we have licensed
for our technologies, and which we may receive, may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented in the future or the rights created
by those patents may not provide a competitive advantage. We also rely on trade secrets, technical know-how and continuing invention
to develop and maintain our competitive position. Others may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information
and techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets. See Note 6 of our financial statements attached hereto for a discussion
and status of our license agreements with Temple University.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Changes in governmental
regulations and policies may affect export of our technologies.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company recognizes
domestic and foreign governmental actions, including but not limited to trade restrictions and tariffs, may adversely affect our
ability to export our technologies, or may adversely affect the economics of cross-border transactions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>We may not be able
to attract or retain qualified senior personnel.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe we are currently
able to manage our current business with our existing management team. However, as we expand the scope of our operations, we will
need to obtain the full-time services of additional senior management and other personnel. Competition for highly-skilled personnel
is intense, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to attract or retain qualified senior personnel. Our failure to
do so could have an adverse effect on our ability to implement our business plan. As we add full-time senior personnel, our overhead
expenses for salaries and related items will increase compensation packages, these increases could be substantial.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>If we lose our key
personnel or are unable to attract and retain additional personnel, we may be unable to achieve profitability.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our future success
is substantially dependent on the efforts of our senior management. The loss of the services of members of our senior management
may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of product development and other business objectives. Because of the scientific
nature of our business, we depend substantially on our ability to attract and retain qualified marketing, scientific and technical
personnel, including consultants. There is intense competition among specialized automotive companies for qualified personnel in
the areas of our activities. If we lose the services of, or do not successfully recruit key marketing, scientific and technical
personnel, the growth of our business could be substantially impaired. We do not maintain key man insurance for any of these individuals.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Currently, there
is only very limited trading in our stock, so you may be unable to sell your shares at or near the quoted bid prices if you need
to sell your shares.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The shares of our common
stock are thinly-traded on the OTC Bulletin Board, meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing our common shares
at or near bid prices at any given time may be relatively small or non-existent. This situation is attributable to a number of
factors, including the fact that we are a small company engaged in a high-risk business which is relatively unknown to stock analysts,
stock brokers, institutional investors and others in the investment community that can generate or influence daily trading volume
and valuation. Should we even come to the attention of such persons, they tend to be risk-averse and would be reluctant to follow
an unproven, early stage company such as ours or purchase or recommend the purchase of our shares until such time as we became
more seasoned and viable. As a consequence, there may be periods of several days or more when trading activity in our shares is
minimal or non-existent, as compared to a seasoned issuer which has a large and steady volume of trading activity that will generally
support continuous trading without negatively impacting share price. We cannot provide any assurance that a broader or more active
public trading market for shares of our common stock will develop or be sustained. Due to these conditions, we cannot give any
assurance that shareholders will be able to sell their shares at or near bid prices or at all.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>The market price
of our stock is volatile.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The market price for
our common stock has been volatile during the last year, ranging from a closing price of $0.32 on October 11, 2017 to a closing
price of $0.05 on December 30, 2016, and a closing price of $0.17 on March 23, 2018. Additionally, the price of our stock has been
both higher and lower than those amounts on an intra-day basis in the last year. Because our stock is thinly traded, its price
can change dramatically over short periods, even in a single day. The market price of our common stock could fluctuate widely in
response to many factors, including, developments with respect to patents or proprietary rights, announcements of technological
innovations by us or our competitors, announcements of new products or new contracts by us or our competitors, actual or anticipated
variations in our operating results due to the level of development expenses and other factors, changes in financial estimates
by securities analysts and whether any future earnings of ours meet or exceed such estimates, conditions and trends in our industry,
new accounting standards, general economic, political and market conditions and other factors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Substantial sales
of common stock could cause our stock price to fall.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In the past year, there
have been times when average daily trading volume of our common stock has been extremely low, and there have been many days in
which no shares were traded at all. At other times, the average daily trading volume of our common stock has been high. Nevertheless,
the possibility that substantial amounts of common stock may be sold in the public market may adversely affect prevailing market
prices for our common stock and could impair a shareholder&rsquo;s ability to sell our stock or our ability to raise capital through
the sale of our equity securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Potential issuance
of additional shares of our common stock could dilute existing stockholders.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are authorized to
issue up to 500,000,000 shares of common stock and up to 100,000,000 of preferred stock. To the extent of such authorization, our
Board of Directors has the ability, without seeking stockholder approval, to issue additional shares of common stock or preferred
stock in the future for such consideration as the Board of Directors may consider sufficient. The issuance of additional common
stock or preferred stock in the future may reduce the proportionate ownership and voting power of shareholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>We may not be successful in identifying,
making, financing and integrating acquisitions.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A component of our
business strategy is to make selective acquisitions that will strengthen our core services or presence in selected markets. The
success of this strategy will depend, among other things, on our ability to identify suitable acquisition candidates, to obtain
acceptable financing, to timely and successfully integrate acquired businesses or assets and to retain the key personnel and the
customer base of acquired businesses. Any future acquisitions could present a number of risks, including but not limited to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">incorrect assumptions regarding the future results of acquired operations or assets or expected cost reductions or other synergies expected to be realized as a result of acquiring operations or assets;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">failure to integrate successfully the operations or management of any acquired operations or assets in a timely manner;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">failure to retain or attract key employees; and</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">diversion of management&rsquo;s attention from existing operations or other priorities.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If we are unable to
identify, make and successfully integrate acquired businesses, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Our common stock
is subject to penny stock regulation, which may make it more difficult for us to raise capital.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our common stock is
considered penny stock under SEC regulations. It is subject to rules that impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers
who sell our securities. For example, broker-dealers must make a suitability determination for the purchaser, receive the purchaser&rsquo;s
written consent to the transaction prior to sale, and make&nbsp;special disclosures regarding sales commissions, current stock
price quotations, recent price information and information on the limited market in penny stock. Because of these additional obligations,
some broker-dealers may not effect transactions in penny stocks, which may adversely affect the liquidity of our common stock and
shareholders&rsquo; ability to sell our common stock in the secondary market. This lack of liquidity may make it difficult for
us to raise capital in the future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a5"></A>Item&nbsp;1B. Unresolved Staff Comments</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">None</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a6"></A>Item&nbsp;2. Properties</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In April 2017, the
Company moved its executive offices to 23902 FM 2978, Tomball, Texas 77375. From May 2016 through May 2017, the Company&rsquo;s
executive offices were located at 5266 Hollister Avenue, Suite 219, Santa Barbara, CA 93111. Prior to May 2016, the Company&rsquo;s
executive offices were located at 735 State Street, Suite 500, Santa Barbara, California 93101.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Total rent expense
under these leases in effect during the years ended December 31, 2017, and 2016 was $20,000 and $45,000, respectively which are
included as part of Operating Expenses in the attached consolidated statements of operations. Remaining minimum lease commitments
under the non-cancellable office lease at December 31, 2016 were $4,000 through May 2017. The Tomball Texas office is under a month-to-month
lease payable at $1,500 per month. The Tomball facility is leased from JBL Energy Partners, an entity solely owned by Jason Lane,
Company CEO.. See Note 9 of our consolidated financial statements attached hereto for a discussion and status of our office lease
agreements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe our facilities
are adequate to meet our current and near-term needs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a7"></A>Item&nbsp;3. Legal Proceedings</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">There is no litigation
of any significance with the exception of the matters that have arisen under, and are being handled in, the normal course of business.
&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a8"></A>Item&nbsp;4. Mine Safety Disclosures.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">None.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a9"></A>PART
II</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a10"></A>Item&nbsp;5. Market for Common Equity,
Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Through May 21, 2007,
our common stock was traded on the Over the Counter Bulletin Board (the &ldquo;OTCBB&rdquo;) under the symbol &ldquo;ZERO&rdquo;.
Effective May 22, 2007, our common stock was removed from the OTCBB and placed on the &ldquo;Pink Sheets&rdquo;.&nbsp;Effective
February 8, 2010, our common stock was reinstated and currently trades on the OTCBB. On October 30, 2014, our common stock was
listed for trading on the OTCQX and OTCQB marketplace under the symbol &ldquo;ZERO&rdquo;. Effective August 11, 2015, the Company
changed its name to QS Energy, Inc., and changed its trading symbol to &ldquo;QSEP&rdquo;. The following table sets forth the high
and low bid prices of the Company&rsquo;s common stock for the quarters indicated as quoted on the OTCBB as reported by Yahoo Finance.
These quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission, and may not represent actual transactions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2015</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">High</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Low</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">High</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Low</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">High</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Low</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 22%; text-align: left">First Quarter</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">0.12</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">0.05</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">0.21</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">0.07</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">0.51</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">0.34</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Second Quarter</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.30</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.07</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.19</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.10</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.47</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.30</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Third Quarter</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.29</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.17</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.17</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.10</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.38</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.15</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Fourth Quarter</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.32</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.15</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.07</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.03</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.34</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.13</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">According to the records
of our transfer agent, we had approximately 1,000 stockholders of record of our common stock at March 31, 2018. The Company believes
that the number of beneficial owners is substantially higher than this amount.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We do not pay a dividend
on our common stock and we currently intend to retain future cash flows to finance our operations and fund the growth of our business.
Any payment of future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon, among other things, our
earnings, financial condition, capital requirements, level of indebtedness, contractual restrictions in respect to the payment
of dividends and other factors that our Board of Directors deems relevant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In August 2017, shareholders
approved an increase in authorized shares of common stock from 300,000,000 to 500,000,000, approved the creation of a new class
of preferred stock, and authorized the Company to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Issuances of Unregistered Securities in Current
Fiscal Year</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the year ended
December 31, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 35,031,881 shares of its common stock as follows:&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In August 2017, the Company issued 181,355 shares of its common stock upon the private sale of restricted common stock for cash proceeds of $38,000 at a purchase price of $.21 per share.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued 29,986,772 shares of its common stock upon the conversion of $1,528,000 in convertible notes pursuant to the convertible notes conversion prices of $0.05 to $0.48 per share.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Shares of Common Stock Issued on Conversion
of Notes in Year Ended December 31, 2017</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;Month of Issuance</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Principal and</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Interest </FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Converted to</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common Stock</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Conversion </FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Price</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares of</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common Stock</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Issued</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">February 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 26%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05 per share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">191,400</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">50,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05 per share </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">990,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">44,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05 to 0.10 per share </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">880,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">May 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">300,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05 to 0.10 per share </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,919,680</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">844,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05 per share </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16,877,300</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">197,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05 to 0.48 per share </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,453,092</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">August 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05 per share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">25,300</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">September 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">77,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05 per share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,540,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05 per share </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">110,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,528,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">29,986,772</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued 4,414,000 shares of its common stock upon the exercise of warrants for proceeds of $359,000 at exercise prices of $0.05 to $0.10 per share.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Shares of Common Stock Issued on Exercise
of Warrants in Year Ended December 31, 2017</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Month of Issuance</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Warrant</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Proceeds</P></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Warrant</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Exercise Price</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares of</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common Stock</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Issued</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">61,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 26%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.15 per share </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">605,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">129,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05 to 0.10 per share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,760,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">August 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">133,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10 per share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,334,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">September 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05 per share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">275,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05 per share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">330,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">November 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05 per share </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">110,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">359,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,414,000</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued 449,754 shares of its common stock upon the exercise of options for proceeds of $37,000 at exercise prices of $0.07 to $0.13 per share.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Shares of Common Stock Issued on Exercise
of Options in Year Ended December 31, 2017</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Month of Issuance</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Option</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Proceeds</P></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Option</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Exercise Price</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares of</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common Stock</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Issued</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 26%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05 to 0.10 per share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">178,002</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">August 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10 per share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">93,750</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">November 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">13,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05 per share </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">178,002</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">37,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">449,754</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued convertible notes in aggregate value of $1,616,000 for net proceeds of $1,479,000, convertible into 32,321,540 shares in common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $0.05 per share, and in connection with these notes, issued warrants to purchase 16,160,770 shares of common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.05 per share and expiring one year from the date of issuance, summarized by month as follows:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Convertible Notes Issued in Year Ended
December 31, 2017</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Month of Issuance</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash </FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proceeds</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Face Value </FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">of Note</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Conversion </FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Price</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Convertible</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">to Shares of</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrants</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">to Purchase</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrant</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exercise Price</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrant </FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expiration</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Month</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 19%; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">February 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 2%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 10%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">121,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 2%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 10%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">133,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 10%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 11%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,662,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,331,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 2%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 9%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">February 2018</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">80,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">88,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,760,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">880,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 2018</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">155,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">171,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3,413,540</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,706,720</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 2018</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">May 2017</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,113,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,224,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">24,486,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12,243,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.05/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">May 2018</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,469,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,616,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32,321,540</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">16,160,770</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Issuances of Unregistered Securities in Prior
Fiscal Year</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the year ended
December 31, 2016, the Company issued an aggregate of 15,213,449 shares of its common stock as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued 300,000 shares of common stock to consultants for services rendered with a fair value of $48,000 which is included as part of Operating Expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The shares were valued at the trading price at the date of issuance.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued 14,913,449 shares of its common stock valued at $1,491,000 at conversion prices of $0.10 per share upon voluntary conversion of certain of the Company&rsquo;s convertible promissory notes summarized by month as follows:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Shares of Common Stock Issued in Year
Ended December 31, 2016</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Month of Issuance</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Principal and</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Interest </FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Converted to</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common Stock</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Conversion </FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Price</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares of</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common Stock</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Issued</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 27%; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">January 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 23%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 23%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 23%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">330,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">February 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">77,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">770,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">248,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,479,049</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">476,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,756,400</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">60,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">605,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">165,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,650,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">August 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">231,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,310,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">October 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">201,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2,013,000</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,491,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">14,913,449</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued convertible notes in aggregate value of $1,587,000 for net proceeds of $1,443,000, convertible into 15,870,449 shares in common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $0.10 per share, and in connection with these notes, issued warrants to purchase 7,935,225 shares of common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.10 per share and expiring one year from the date of issuance, summarized by month as follows:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Convertible Notes Issued in Year Ended
December 31, 2016</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Month of Issuance</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cash </FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proceeds</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Face Value </FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">of Note</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Conversion </FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Price</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Convertible</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">to Shares of</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrants</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">to Purchase</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Common</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Stock</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrant</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exercise Price</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Warrant </FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expiration</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Month</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 17%; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">January 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 11%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 11%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">33,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 11%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 11%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;330,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 11%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;165,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 11%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">January 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">February 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">171,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">187,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;1,874,049</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;937,025</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">February 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">562,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">618,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;6,183,100</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;3,091,550</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">27,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">30,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;300,300</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;150,150</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">115,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">127,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;1,265,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;632,500</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">370,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">407,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;4,070,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;2,035,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">August 2016</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">168,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">185,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;1,848,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;924,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.10/share</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">August 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: black 1pt solid; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,443,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1,587,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">15,870,449</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7,935,225</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The sales of the securities
described above were made in reliance on the exemptions from registration set forth in Section&nbsp;4(a)(2) of the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;Act&rdquo;), and/or Regulation S promulgated thereunder, in that the sales were made without general
advertising or solicitation in non-public offerings to accredited U.S. investors and/or to non-U.S. investors in transactions outside
the United States. The above described shares of common stock, convertible notes and warrants were issued by the Company in furtherance
of the terms and conditions of each such instrument, forms of which were attached to our Form 8-K filed June 6, 2017 as Exhibits
10.1.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a11"></A>Item 6. Selected Financial Data</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">None.</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a12"></A>Item&nbsp;7. Management&rsquo;s Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following discussion
and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial
Statements and supplementary data referred to in Item&nbsp;7 of this Form 10-K.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This discussion contains
forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Such statements, which include statements concerning future revenue
sources and concentration, selling, general and administrative expenses, research and development expenses, capital resources,
additional financings and additional losses, are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those discussed
above in Item&nbsp;1 and elsewhere in this Form 10-K, particularly in &ldquo;Risk Factors,&rdquo; that could cause actual results
to differ materially from those projected. Unless otherwise expressly indicated, the information set forth in this Form&nbsp;10-K
is as of December&nbsp;31, 2017, and we undertake no duty to update this information.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Overview</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In the second quarter
of 2014, we reached a major milestone in the Company&rsquo;s evolution, generating revenues from our AOT technology for the first
time since our inception in February 1998. We continue to devote the bulk of our efforts to the promotion, design, testing and
the commercial manufacturing and operations of our crude oil pipeline products in the upstream and midstream energy sector. We
anticipate that these efforts will continue during 2018.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our expenses to date
have been funded primarily through the sale of shares of common stock and convertible debt, as well as proceeds from the exercise
of stock purchase warrants and options. We raised capital in 2017 and also need to raise substantial additional capital in 2018,
and possibly beyond, to fund our sales and marketing efforts, continuing research and development, and certain other expenses,
until our revenue base grows sufficiently.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Results of Operation</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Revenue Comparison, 2017 and 2016</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the twelve-month
period ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized revenues of $50,000 pursuant to the completion of lease and testing agreement
of the Company&rsquo;s AOT equipment. There was no similar transaction during the period ended December 31, 2016.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Operating Expense Comparison, 2017 and 2016</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Operating expenses
were $2,938,000 for the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31, 2017, compared to $2,103,000 for the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31,
2016, an increase of 835,000. This increase was attributable to increases in non-cash expenses of $410,000 and cash expenses of
$425,000. Specifically, the increase in non-cash expenses is attributable to increases in stock-based compensation related to warrants
and options issued to employees, directors and consultants of $340,000, depreciation of $12,000, and expenses incurred upon modification
of terms to existing warrants of $58,000. The increase in cash expenses is attributable to increases in salaries and benefits of
$121,000, a severance agreement expense of $580,000, travel expenses of $42,000, and other expenses of $1,000, offset by decreases
in consulting fees of $235,000, corporate expenses of $27,000, insurance expenses of $21,000, office expenses of $10,000, and rent
and utilities of $26,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Research and development
expenses were $243,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $279,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31,
2016, a decrease of $25,000. This decrease is attributable to decreases in AOT prototype development costs of $11,000 and licensing
and research fees of $25,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Other income was a
net expense of $0 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, compared to an income net expense of $1,000 for the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $1,000. In 2016, the Company recorded a loss from disposition of fixed assets of $3,000.
In 2017, the Company recorded no losses on disposition of assets.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Interest expenses were
$1,704,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $1,617,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, an
increase of $87,000. This increase is attributable to an increase in non-cash interest and financing expense of $96,000 to account
the fair value of the warrants issued with our convertible notes and the notes&rsquo; beneficial conversion feature, offset by
a decrease on other non-cash interest expenses of $9,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We had a net loss of
$4,835,000 or $0.02 loss per share for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 compared to a net loss of $4,000,000 or $0.02 loss
per share for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Liquidity and Capital Resources</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>General</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We have incurred negative
cash flow from operations since our inception in 1998. As of December&nbsp;31, 2017, we had cash of $204,000 and a stockholders&rsquo;
deficit of $1,874,000. Our operating cash flow in 2017 was funded primarily through cash reserves, the exercise of stock purchase
warrants and options for cash, and the issuance of convertible notes for cash, and the private sale of restricted common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The accompanying consolidated
financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement
of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements,
the Company had a net loss of $4,835,000 and used cash in operations of $1,786,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017. These
factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial
statements are issued. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to raise additional funds and implement
our business plan. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable
to continue as a going concern.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Summary</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At December 31, 2017,
the Company had cash on hand in the amount of $204,000. Management estimates that the current funds on hand will be sufficient
to continue operations through April 2018. Management is currently seeking additional funds, primarily through the issuance of
debt and equity securities for cash to operate our business, including without limitation the expenses it will incur in connection
with the license agreements with Temple; costs associated with product development and commercialization of the AOT technology;
costs to manufacture and ship the products; costs to design and implement an effective system of internal controls and disclosure
controls and procedures; costs of maintaining our status as a public company by filing periodic reports with the SEC and costs
required to protect our intellectual property. In addition, as discussed below, the Company has substantial contractual commitments,
including without limitation salaries to our executive officers pursuant to employment agreements, and certain payments to a former
officer, during the remainder of 2018 and beyond. No assurance can be given that any future financing will be available or, if
available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to the Company. Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing,
it may contain undue restrictions on our operations, in the case of debt financing or cause substantial dilution for our stock
holders, in case of equity financing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Contractual Obligations</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company&rsquo;s
contractual commitments for future periods, including office leases, minimum guaranteed compensation payments and other agreements
as described in the following table and associated footnotes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ending <BR> December 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Office Lease (1)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">License Agreements (2)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Compensation Agreements (3)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Total Obligations</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 17%; text-align: center">2018</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 17%; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 16%; text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 16%; text-align: right">598,400</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 16%; text-align: right">785,900</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">2019</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">149,600</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">337,100</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">2020</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">2021</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">937,500</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">748,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,685,500</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">___________________</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company moved its headquarters to Tomball Texas in April 2017 under a month-to-month lease.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 73px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists of license&nbsp;maintenance fees to Temple University in the amount of $187,500 paid annually through the life of the underlying patents or until otherwise terminated by either party.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists of base salary and certain contractually-provided benefits, to i) an executive officer, pursuant to severance in the amount of $580,000 that will be paid through March 31, 2019 pursuant to a separation agreement effective April 1, 2017; ii) an executive officer, pursuant to a two-year employment agreement effective April 1, 2017 at a base annual salary of $150,000 per year under a two-year contract effective April 1, 2017; and iii) an executive officer, pursuant to an employment agreement at a base annual salary of $158,400 per year.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Licensing Fees to Temple University</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For details of the
licensing agreements with Temple University, see Financial Statements attached hereto, Note 6.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our discussion and
analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been
prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these
consolidated financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported
amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate, on an on-going
basis, our estimates and judgments, including those related to the useful life of the assets. We base our estimates on historical
experience and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making
judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results
may differ from these estimates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The methods, estimates
and judgments we use in applying our most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results that we report
in our consolidated financial statements. The SEC considers an entity&rsquo;s most critical accounting policies to be those policies
that are both most important to the portrayal of a company&rsquo;s financial condition and results of operations and those that
require management&rsquo;s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about
matters that are inherently uncertain at the time of estimation. For a more detailed discussion of the accounting policies of the
Company, see Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, &ldquo;Summary of Significant Accounting Policies&rdquo;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We believe the following
critical accounting policies, among others, require significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated
financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Estimates</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The preparation of
consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Certain significant estimates were made in connection with preparing our consolidated financial statements as described in Note
2 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Stock-Based Compensation</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company periodically
issues stock options and warrants to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for services and for financing
costs. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to employees based on the authoritative guidance
provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board whereas the value of the award is measured on the date of grant and recognized
over the vesting period. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to non-employees in accordance
with the authoritative guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board whereas the value of the stock compensation is based
upon the measurement date as determined at either a) the date at which a performance commitment is reached, or b) at the date at
which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete. Non-employee stock-based compensation charges generally
are amortized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. In certain circumstances where there are no future performance
requirements by the non-employee, option grants are immediately vested and the total stock-based compensation charge is recorded
in the period of the measurement date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The fair value of the
Company's&nbsp;common stock option grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model, which uses certain assumptions
related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility, expected life of the common stock options, and future dividends. Compensation
expense is recorded based upon the value derived from the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model, and based on actual experience. The
assumptions used in the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model could materially affect compensation expense recorded in future periods.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Recent Accounting Pronouncements</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">See Note 2 of the financial
statements for discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a13"></A>Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative
Disclosures About Market Risk</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We issue from time
to time fixed rate discounted convertible notes. Our convertible notes and our equity securities are exposed to risk as set forth
above, in Item 1A, &ldquo;Risk Factors.&rdquo; Please also see Item 7, above, &ldquo;Management&rsquo;s Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a14"></A>Item&nbsp;8. Financial Statements and
Supplementary Data</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our consolidated financial
statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 are presented in a separate section of this report following
Item 15 and begin with the index on page F-1.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a15"></A>Item&nbsp;9. Changes in and Disagreements
with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">None.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a16"></A>Item&nbsp;9A. Controls and Procedures</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>1. Disclosure Controls and Procedures</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company's management,
with the participation of the Company's chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated, as of December 31, 2017,
the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures, which were designed to be effective at the reasonable assurance
level. The term &quot;disclosure controls and procedures,&quot; as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange
Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by
a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within
the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls
and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits
under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal
financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls
and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and
management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based
on the evaluation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2017, management, the chief executive
officer and the chief financial officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable
assurance level at that date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>2. Internal Control over Financial Reporting</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 73px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(a)</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our management is responsible
for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. Internal control over financial
reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision
of, the company's principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the company's board of directors, management
and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial
statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures
that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pertain to the maintenance
of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Provide reasonable
assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations
of management and directors of the company; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Provide reasonable
assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company's assets that
could have a material effect on the financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">QS Energy, Inc.'s internal
control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company's management and Board regarding the preparation and
fair presentation of published financial statements. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations
which may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable
assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future
periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance
with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our management assessed
the effectiveness of QS Energy, Inc.'s internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017. In making this assessment,
it used the criteria set forth in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of
the Treadway Commission (&quot;COSO&quot;) (2013 framework). Based on our assessment, we conclude that, as of December 31, 2017,
the Company has maintained effective internal control over financial reporting based on those criteria.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Annual Report
on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of the Company&rsquo;s independent registered public accounting firm regarding
internal control over financial reporting. Management&rsquo;s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting
firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only management&rsquo;s report in this
Annual Report on Form 10-K.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 73px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(b)</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No change in the Company's
internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during
the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2017 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's
internal control over financial reporting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a17"></A>Item 9B. Other Information</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">None.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a18"></A>PART
III</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a19"></A>Item&nbsp;10. Directors, Executive Officers
and Corporate Governance</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Composition of Board of Directors</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our bylaws provide
that the Board shall consist of between one and eight directors, as determined by the Board from time to time. The Board consisted
of seven (7) members elected by the holders of the common stock at the Company&rsquo;s Meeting of Shareholders on July 14, 2017.
Our directors are elected by our stockholders at each annual meeting of stockholders and will serve until their successors are
elected and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal. Officers are appointed by our Board of Directors and their
terms of office are, except to the extent governed by an employment contract, at the discretion of our Board of Directors. There
are no family relationships among any of our current directors or our executive officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following constitutes
the Board of Directors as of December 31, 2017:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 24%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 5%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Age</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 57%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Position</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 11%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director Since</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jason Lane</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, Director&nbsp;(Non-Independent)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Donald Dickson(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">60</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director (Independent)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2013</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Thomas Bundros(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">61</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director (Independent)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2015</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Eric Bunting</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">48</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director (Independent)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gary Buchler(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">61</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director (Independent)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Richard Munn</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">61</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director (Independent)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">William Green</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">61</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director (Independent)</FONT></TD>
    <TD NOWRAP>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2017</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 20pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 20pt; text-align: justify">(1) Member of the Audit Committee</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 20pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Biographical Information Regarding Directors</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Jason Lane, President
and CEO </B>(Non-Independent Director) was appointed to the Board of Directors effective April 1, 2017. Jason Lane is a veteran
of the oil and gas industry with a 20-year track record of procuring and divesting oil and gas leases, mineral and royalty interests
and production in the lower 48 States through his own partnerships and joint ventures. During his career, Mr. Lane has been directly
involved in the leasing of more than 650,000 prime acres for his partnerships, has managed a 125 Landman operation responsible
for title and lease acquisition work for several significant companies, and has operated and participated in the drilling of wells
throughout the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Don Dickson </B>(Independent
Director), appointed to Board of Directors on August 6, 2013, and currently is employed with Kinder Morgan, Inc. working on the
Northeast Energy Direct Project, after finishing the Cortez Expansion project as project manager / engineering principal / construction
support. The NED project will serve the Northeast United States delivering natural gas to the region, while the Cortez expansion
project will increase the volume of CO2 being shipped from Southwest Colorado to West Texas for oil recovery. Prior to rejoining
Kinder Morgan Mr. Dickson served as Chief Executive Officer for Advanced Pipeline Services (APS). APS was established for the purpose
of providing a full range of services to the oil and gas industry. Core business areas are in new construction of pipeline and
facilities, horizontal directional drilling and pipeline integrity/rehabilitation. Prior to APS, Mr. Dickson worked for Kinder
Morgan in their natural gas operations, retiring after twenty-six years. During his time at Kinder Morgan served in different engineering
capacities including as Director of Operations on two major pipeline projects, the 42&rdquo; (REX) Rockies Mountain Express through
the state of Illinois, and the 42&rdquo; (MEP) Midcontinent Express Pipeline through the state of Louisiana. He also was Director
of Operations with Tetra Resources completing various onshore and offshore oil and gas wells and a Senior Engineer with Halliburton
Services. Mr. Dickson earned his B.S. in Engineering from Oklahoma State University.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Thomas Bundros </B>(Independent
Director), was appointed to the Board of Directors effective January 5, 2015. Mr. Bundros served as Chief Financial Officer at
Colonial Pipeline Company from July 2009 to September 2012, the world's largest pipeline operator transporting 100 million gallons
of refined petroleum products daily across 5,500 miles of pipeline. Mr. Bundros currently holds the post of Chief Executive Officer
of Dalton Utilities (January 2016 to present), a provider of electricity, natural gas, water and telecommunications services to
the city of Dalton and portions of northwest Georgia. Prior to his appointment as Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Bundros had served
as Dalton Utilities&rsquo; Chief Operations Officer for Dalton Utilities since October 2012. Mr. Bundros was Chief Financial Officer
of Dalton Utilities from January 1997 to June 2009. Prior to Dalton Utilities, Mr. Bundros also held various financial positions
in the Atlanta and New York offices of the Southern Company System, the 16th largest utility company in the world and the fourth
largest in the U.S. with over 4 million customers in Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and Mississippi. He earned his Master of Business
Administration in Finance and Bachelor of Science in Economics and Business Administration at the University of North Carolina
at Greensboro.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Eric Bunting M.D.
</B>(Independent Director) was appointed to the Board effective April 1, 2017. Dr. Bunting is a board-certified Ear, Nose, and
Throat physician, and he is an owner and partner in an independent specialty group. This group has partnered with Wichita Surgical
Specialist (&ldquo;WSS&rdquo;), which remains one of the country&rsquo;s largest surgical multispecialty groups. Dr. Bunting has
been on the board of directors of WSS for the last 10 years. Dr. Bunting graduated from Kansas University School of Medicine and
subsequently received specialty training at Kansas University Medical Center. Dr. Bunting has many diverse business and entrepreneurial
interests. Dr. Bunting has an interest in early startup companies and franchising opportunities. He is an owner and partner in
approximately 40 fast-casual restaurant franchises in 10 states. He has board of director experience in the health care industry
with multiple ambulatory surgical centers and a radiation center. Dr. Bunting has been an integral part of these boards through
merger and acquisition periods. Other interests are in the wine and spirits industry where Dr. Bunting has been involved in a successful
spirit start-up, which is poised for an acquisition opportunity. Dr. Bunting has other ongoing active business investments in the
evolving internet artificial intelligence industry, as it relates to marketing and advertising. Dr. Bunting has been an investor
in the Company, acquiring a significant number of shares over the last four years. During this period, he has been and will remain
an unbiased shareholder advocate looking forward to commercialization, deployment, and eventual profitability for the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Gary Buchler </B>(Independent
Director) was appointed to the Board on May 9, 2017. Mr. Buchler recently retired as Chief Operating Officer of the Natural Gas
Pipeline business unit of Kinder Morgan, Inc. (NYSE: KMI) and operator of one of the largest interstate pipeline systems in the
United States. With oversight of a combined annual expense/capital budget of $1.3 billion, Mr. Buchler was responsible for all
Engineering, Operations, Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS), and Land Management functions for roughly 70,000 miles of transmission
and gathering pipelines. Mr. Buchler was responsible for the day-to-day management of 3,900 employees, evaluation and oversight
of expansion projects, and the evaluation of potential acquisitions. As Chief Operating Officer of the KM Gas Pipelines, Mr. Buchler
was instrumental in the acquisition and integration of more than $45 billion in pipeline assets at Kinder Morgan. Mr. Buchler has
held various management positions at Kinder Morgan since 1979, including Vice-President Engineering/Operations Pipeline Group,
Vice-President Eastern Pipeline Operations, Vice-President Engineering and Operations Kinder Morgan Gas Treating/Kinderhawk Field
Services, and Director of Pipeline Integrity. He earned a Bachelor&rsquo;s Degree in Electrical Engineering from the University
of Iowa and an MBA from the Keller Graduate School of Management.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Richard Munn </B>(Independent
Director) was appointed to the Board on May 9, 2017. Mr. Munn is one of the top players in the royalty and mineral arena as demonstrated
over the last 15 years with 39 years of industry experience. Of note, he managed the royalty acquisition teams at Noble Royalties
and other companies, closing on the acquisition of approximately $450 million worth of Royalty and Mineral Interests involving
over 50 separate transactions. Mr. Munn has a solid reputation and extensive relationships with private and public U.S.-based energy
producers and mineral holders. He has also managed his own exploration and production companies. From 2005 to 2007, Mr. Munn chaired
the IPAA Business Development Committee and from 2007 to 2009, he chaired the IPAA Business Development/ Membership Committee.
From 2005 to 2007, Mr. Munn chaired the Society of Petroleum Engineers Business Development Committee. In addition, to his network
of oil and gas industry relationships, Mr. Munn is a licensed registered professional geologist in Wyoming with a B.A. in Geology
from the University of Colorado</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>William Green </B>(Independent
Director) was elected to by shareholders to the Board on July 14, 2017. Mr. Green recently retired as VP of Downstream Marketing
for Devon Energy Corp. Mr. Green has more than 30 years of experience in natural gas marketing with Devon and Mitchell Energy Corporation,
both major &quot;Shale&quot; players. He has served as the Chairman of Natural Gas Supply Association, and recently served a three-year
term on the Oklahoma University Energy Institute Advisory Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Director Compensation Policy</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Effective January 1,
2014, the Board passed a resolution suspending the July 1, 2013 Board compensation policy. Effective May 6, 2014, the Board approved
a compensation policy which includes two annual grants of options, including i) an option to purchase a number of shares of common
stock equal to $25,000 divided by the per share closing price on the date of grant with an exercise price equal to the stock closing
price on the date of grant, a one year vesting period and an expiration date 10 years from the date of grant; and ii) an option
to purchase a number of shares of common stock equal to $25,000 divided by the per share fair market value of the option calculated
using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model based on market conditions, including stock closing price, risk free interest rate
and stock volatility, on the date of grant with an exercise price equal to the stock closing price on the date of grant, vesting
immediately and an expiration date 10 years from the date of grant. Also, effective July 1, 2013, the Board approved an annual
grant of options to purchase 25,000 shares of common stock at a price equal to the stock&rsquo;s closing price on the date of grant,
vesting immediately and expiring 10 years from the date of grant as compensation to the chairman of the Board&rsquo;s Audit Committee.
Effective January 1, 2015, the Board amended the policy such that there is only one annual grant as follows: i) all options granted
would vest over one year; and ii) options granted mid-year due to appointment to the Board or appointment to Chairman of the Audit
Committee would be adjusted such that the number of shares would be calculated on a pro rata basis depending on the number of day
remaining in the calendar year, and the options would vest December 31 of the year of grant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Executive Officers</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table
sets forth certain information regarding our executive officers as of December 31, 2017:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 31%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-indent: 0.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-indent: 0.05pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Age</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-indent: 0.05pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 51%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-indent: 0.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Position</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jason Lane</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0.05pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; text-indent: 0.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0.05pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer and President</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Michael McMullen</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0.05pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; text-indent: 0.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">58</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0.05pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Jason Lane, President
and CEO</B>, please see above under &ldquo;Biographical Information Regarding Directors.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Michael McMullen,
Chief Financial Officer</B>, joined QS Energy in July 2013 as Controller. In this role, Mr. McMullen designed and managed implementation
of the Company&rsquo;s Sarbanes-Oxley compliant internal controls and reporting procedures, and has been responsible for all financial
operations and reporting. Mr. McMullen has extensive managerial and oversight experience in the areas of corporate governance,
capitalization, asset valuation and risk assessment. Prior to joining QS Energy, Mr. McMullen served in senior executive capacities
across a variety of industries. As a management consultant and financial advisor to mid-market healthcare and technology entities,
he specialized in providing growth and transition management oversight to companies serving hospitals and cancer centers. In his
role as Director of Strategic Development at Leema Energy Resources he managed acquisition, valuation and due diligence cycles
for the purchase and resale of energy-related assets acquired from distressed savings and loan institutions, resulting in sale-leaseback,
leveraged buyout and resale transactions totaling $150 million. At FloWind Corporation Mr. McMullen structured domestic power plant
contracts, international joint venture agreements and equipment sales contracts in excess of $200 million and was responsible for
management of FloWind&rsquo;s $7 million research program, resulting in the development of the company&rsquo;s next generation
wind turbine technology. As CFO of SomethingNow, Inc. he was responsible for all finance and operations activities related to growing
this internet company from start-up to commercial operations, resulting in the infusion of $20M in capital, establishing key strategic
relationships and ultimately negotiating and closing the sale of the company to a NASDAQ 100 company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>CORPORATE GOVERNANCE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We maintain a corporate
governance page on our corporate website at <U>www.qsenergy.com</U>, which includes information regarding the Company&rsquo;s corporate
governance practices. Our codes of business conduct and ethics, Board committee charters and certain other corporate governance
documents and policies are posted on our website. In addition, we will provide a copy of any of these documents without charge
to any stockholder upon written request made to Corporate Secretary, QS Energy, Inc., 23902 FM 2978, Tomball, TX 77375. The information
on our website is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part of this Form 10-K or incorporated by reference into this or any other
filing we make with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Board of Directors</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Director Independence</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Board of Directors
as of December 31, 2017, consisted of seven (7) members. As of that date, the Board has affirmatively determined that Mr. Bundros,
Mr. Dickson, Dr. Bunting, Mr. Buchler, Mr. Munn, and Mr. Green are independent directors. Mr. Lane, our President and Chief Executive
Officer is not considered independent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Meetings of the
Board</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board held twelve
(12) meetings in 2017. A majority of the members attended all 4 board meetings held in 2017. The Board has held one (1) meetings
in 2018 as of the date of this report.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Communications with the Board</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following procedures
have been established by the Board in order to facilitate communications between our stockholders and the Board:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 40pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 40pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Stockholders
may send correspondence, which should indicate that the sender is a stockholder, to the Board or to any individual director, by
mail to Corporate Secretary, QS Energy, Inc. 23902 FM 2978, Tomball, TX 77375 or by e-mail to info@qsenergy.com.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 40pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 40pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Secretary
will be responsible for the first review and logging of this correspondence and will forward the communication to the director
or directors to whom it is addressed unless it is a type of correspondence which the Board has identified as correspondence which
may be retained in our files and not sent to directors. The Board has authorized the Secretary to retain and not send to directors
communications that: (a) are advertising or promotional in nature (offering goods or services), (b) solely relate to complaints
by customers with respect to ordinary course of business customer service and satisfaction issues or (c) clearly are unrelated
to our business, industry, management or Board or committee matters. These types of communications will be logged and filed but
not circulated to directors. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, the Secretary will not screen communications sent to
directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 40pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 40pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The log of
stockholder correspondence will be available to members of the Board for inspection. At least once each year, the Secretary will
provide to the Board a summary of the communications received from stockholders, including the communications not sent to directors
in accordance with the procedures set forth above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 40pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our shareholders may
also communicate directly with the non-management directors, individually or as a group, by mail c/o Corporate Secretary, QS Energy,
Inc23902 FM 2978, Tomball, TX 77375 or by e-mail to <U>info@qsenergy.com.</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Audit Committee
has established procedures, as outlined in the Company&rsquo;s policy for <B>&ldquo;</B>Procedures for Accounting and Auditing
Matters<B>&rdquo;,&nbsp;</B>for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints regarding questionable accounting, internal
controls, and financial improprieties or auditing matters. Any of the Company&rsquo;s employees may confidentially communicate
concerns about any of these matters by calling our toll-free number, +1 (844)&nbsp;645-7737. Upon receipt of a complaint or concern,
a determination will be made whether it pertains to accounting, internal controls or auditing matters and if it does, it will be
handled in accordance with the procedures established by the Audit Committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Committees of the Board</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board has a standing
Audit Committee. This committee operates under a written charter. Copies of this charter, and other corporate governance documents,
are available on our website, <U>www.qsenergy.com</U> In addition, we will provide a copy of any of these documents without charge
to any stockholder upon written request made to Corporate Secretary, QS Energy Inc., 23902 FM 2978, Tomball, TX 77375.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The composition, functions
and general responsibilities of this committee is summarized below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Audit Committee</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Audit Committee
currently consists of Mr.&nbsp;Bundros (chairperson), Mr. Dickson and Mr. Buchler. The Board has determined that Mr. Bundros, Mr.&nbsp;Dickson
and Mr. Buchler are considered independent under rules of the SEC. The Audit Committee held a total of four (4) meetings during
2017, each attended by a majority of Audit Committee members. The Audit Committee has met once during 2018 as of the date of this
report.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Audit Committee
operates under a written charter. The Audit Committee&rsquo;s duties include responsibility for reviewing our accounting practices
and audit procedures. In addition, the Audit Committee has responsibility for reviewing complaints about, and investigating allegations
of, financial impropriety or misconduct. The Audit Committee works closely with management and our independent auditors. The Audit
Committee also meets with our independent auditors on a quarterly basis, following completion of their quarterly reviews and annual
audit, to review the results of their work. The Audit Committee also meets with our independent auditors to approve the annual
scope of the audit services to be performed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As part of its responsibility,
the Audit Committee is responsible for engaging our independent auditor, as well as pre-approving audit and non-audit services
performed by our independent auditor in order to assure that the provision of such services does not impair the independent auditor&rsquo;s
independence.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">See &ldquo;Audit Committee
Report&rdquo; below, which provides further details of many of the duties and responsibilities of the Audit Committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Audit Committee
is currently composed of three (3) directors, Mr. Bundros (Chairperson), Mr. Dickson, and Mr. Buchler. The Board has determined
that Mr. Bundros, Mr. Dickson and Mr. Buchler are considered independent within the rules of the SEC. The duties and responsibilities
of a member of the Audit Committee are in addition to his duties as a member of the Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Audit Committee
operates under a written charter, which is available on the Company&rsquo;s website. The Board and the Audit Committee believe
that the Audit Committee charter complies with the current standards set forth in SEC regulations. There may be further action
by the SEC during the current year on several matters that affect all audit committees. The Board and the Audit Committee continue
to follow closely further developments by the SEC in the area of the functions of audit committees, particularly as it relates
to internal controls for non-accelerated filers, and will make additional changes to the Audit Committee charter and the policies
of the Audit Committee as required or advisable as a result of these new rules and regulations. The Audit Committee met four (4)
times during 2017 and each was attended by a majority of committee members. The Audit Committee has met once during 2018 as of
the date of this report.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Audit Committee&rsquo;s
primary duties and responsibilities are to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">engage the Company&rsquo;s independent auditor;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">monitor the independent auditor&rsquo;s independence, qualifications and performance;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">pre-approve all audit and non-audit services;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Management is responsible
for the Company&rsquo;s internal controls and the financial reporting process. The Company&rsquo;s independent auditor is responsible
for performing an independent audit of the Company&rsquo;s financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board and issuing a report thereon. The Audit Committee&rsquo;s responsibility is to monitor and oversee
these processes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In February 2012, the
Company began the process of designing and implementing various financial controls from within our finance department under the
supervision of the Company&rsquo;s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Furthermore, the Company also hired an
outside consultant to further enhance these internal controls, policies and procedures. On March 19, 2013, the Company&rsquo;s
Board of Directors approved and began the implementation of these internal controls, policies and procedures. In June 2013, the
Company began the process of designing and implementing additional internal controls based on a continuous process of assessment
and improvement under which board and management financial reporting objectives were defined and implemented, policies and procedures
were tested for effectiveness and deficiencies were identified and remediated. On December 16, 2013, the Board of Directors approved
a revised Internal Controls Policy based on policy refinements and improvements implemented under this assessment process. Additional
controls and policies designed and implemented in second and third quarters of 2013 have been tested and identified deficiencies
have been remediated. The Internal Controls Policy and Sarbanes-Oxley 302 matrix approved by the Board of Directors on March 19,
2013, as revised and approved by the board on December 16, 2013, have been implemented and are functioning as planned.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our management evaluated,
with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls
and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive
Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules&nbsp;13a-15(e)
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;)&nbsp;were effective as of September 30, 2013 and continue
to be effective as of the date of this report.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our Chief Executive
Officer and Chief Financial Officer conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting
as of December 31, 2017 based on the framework in Internal Control &ndash; Integrated Framework (&ldquo;2013 Framework&rdquo;)
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (&ldquo;COSO&rdquo;). Based on this evaluation,
our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting (as
defined in Rules&nbsp;13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;)&nbsp;were effective
as of December 31, 2017.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">With respect to the
Company&rsquo;s independent auditors, the Audit Committee, among other things, discussed with Weinberg&nbsp;&amp; Co., P.A., matters
relating to its independence, including the written disclosures made to the Audit Committee as required by the Independence Standards
Board Standard No.&nbsp;1 (Independence Discussions with Audit Committees). The Audit Committee also reviewed and approved the
audit and non-audit fees of that firm.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On the basis of these
reviews and discussions, the Audit Committee (i)&nbsp;appointed Weinberg&nbsp;&amp; Co., P.A. as the independent registered public
accounting firm for the 2017 fiscal year and (ii)&nbsp;recommended to the Board that the Board approve the inclusion of the Company&rsquo;s
audited financial statements in the&nbsp;10-K for filing with the SEC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Respectfully submitted:</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Thomas Bundros&nbsp;(Chairman)</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B></B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a20"></A>Item&nbsp;11. Executive Compensation</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table
sets forth certain information regarding the compensation earned during the last three fiscal years by the Named Executive Officers:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Summary Compensation Table</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: White">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="26" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
                                                                                <P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Long-Term Compensation Awards</P></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Name and Principal Position</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Fiscal <BR>Year</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Annual <BR>Compensation <BR>Salary ($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Stock <BR>Awards <BR>($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Securities<BR> Underlying <BR>Options <BR>(#)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Full Value <BR>of Options <BR>($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">All Other <BR>Compensation <BR>($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Total <BR>($)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 30%; text-align: left">Jason Lane (1)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: center">2017</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">150,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">3,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">150,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 7%">300,000</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Chief Executive Officer</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Michael McMullen (2)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">2017</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">158,400</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">250,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">15,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">173,400</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;Chief Financial Officer</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">2016</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">158,400</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">500,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">77,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">235,900</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Greggory Bigger (3)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">2017</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">290,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">290,000</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Former President,</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">2016</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">290,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">290,000</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Chief Executive Officer and</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Chief Financial Officer</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">_________________</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 73px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mr. Lane was appointed Chief Executive Officer (&ldquo;CEO&rdquo;) effective April 1, 2017.&nbsp;Mr. Lane&rsquo;s annual base salary under his employment agreement, as amended, as CEO is $150,000, for a two-year term. Additionally, Mr. Lane will be entitled to a bonus for any leased-based contract for the Company&rsquo;s AOT technology and for any sales or other non-leased contracts for the Company&rsquo;s AOT technology. The Company has also issued options (&ldquo;Options&rdquo;) to Mr. Lane to purchase 3,000,000 shares of restricted common stock of the Company. The Options shall vest pursuant to a two year vesting schedule, pursuant to which 500,000 of the Options, priced at $0.15 per share, and 500,000 of the Options priced at $0.25 per share, shall vest on April 1, 2018; thereafter, 1,000,000 of the Options, priced at $0.30 per share and 1,000,000 of the Options priced at $0.40 per share shall vest on April 1, 2019. Please see the section below under the title Employment Agreements for greater detail concerning Mr. Lane&rsquo;s Employment Agreement with the Company.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr. McMullen was appointed Chief Financial
        Officer (&ldquo;CFO&rdquo;) effective April 1, 2017. Mr. McMullen&rsquo;s annual base salary under his employment agreement as
        CFO is $158,400, for a two-year term. The Company has also issued options (&ldquo;Options&rdquo;) to Mr. McMullen to purchase 250,000
        shares of restricted shares of common stock of the Company at a per share exercise price equal to the stock price listed on the
        OTCBB market at market close on April 3, 2017. 125,000 of the Options vested on April 1, 2017, and 125,000 Options shall vest on
        April 1, 2018. Please see the section below under the title Employment Agreements for greater detail concerning Mr. McMullen&rsquo;s
        Employment Agreement with the Company.</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">From January 2014 through March 2017, prior
        to his appointment as CFO, Mr. McMullen served as Controller of the Company, Mr. McMullen was under an at-will contract at an annual
        salary rate of $158,400. As Controller, Mr. McMullen was issued options to purchase 500,000 shares common stock as employee compensation
        from May 2016 through April 2017 at prices ranging from $0.07 to $0.18 per share, vesting over periods of up to two years, and
        expiring ten years from the date of issuance.</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 60px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On February 1, 2012, Mr. Bigger was appointed
        Chief Financial Officer and later appointed as Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Bigger resigned from all positions with the Company
        effective on April 1, 2017. As part of a separation agreement with Mr. Bigger, the Company agreed to pay him a total of $613,000
        on an equal installment basis over 24 months.</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">No options were issued as executive compensation
        to Mr. Bigger in 2016 or 2017; however, options were granted to Mr. Bigger under the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors compensation
        policy as detailed in the Director Compensation section below.</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>OPTION GRANTS IN LAST FISCAL YEAR</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the year ended
December 31, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 250,000 shares of common stock to Named Executive Officers as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 13.5pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 18pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The Company has also issued options (&ldquo;Options&rdquo;)
to Mr. McMullen to purchase 250,000 shares of restricted shares of common stock of the Company at a per share exercise price equal
to the stock price listed on the OTCBB market at market close on April 3, 2017. 125,000 of the Options vested on April 1, 2017,
and 125,000 Options shall vest on April 1, 2018. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately $15,000 using
Black-Scholes Option Pricing with the following assumptions: life of 5 years; risk free interest rate of 1.88%; volatility of 116%;
and dividend yield of 0%. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized compensation costs of $13,000 based on
the fair value of Mr. McMullen&rsquo;s options that vested.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 13.5pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 18pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">No options were granted to Mr. Bigger
during the 2017 fiscal year as executive compensation; however, options were granted to Mr. Bigger under the Company&rsquo;s Board
of Directors compensation policy as detailed in the Director Compensation section below.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AGGREGATED OPTION EXERCISES IN LAST FISCAL
YEAR AND YEAR-END OPTION VALUES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No options were exercised
by any of the Named Executive Officers during the 2017 fiscal year. The following table sets forth the number of shares of our
common stock subject to exercisable and unexercisable stock options which the Named Executive Officers held at the end of the 2017
fiscal year.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Shares</P>
                                                                                <P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Acquired on</P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Value</P>
                                                                                <P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Realized</P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Number of Securities</B></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Underlying Unexercised</B></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Options at</B></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Fiscal Year-End (#)</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Value of Unexercised</B></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>In-the-Money Options ($)(1)</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Name</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Exercise (#)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Exercisable</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Unexercisable</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Exercisable</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Unexercisable</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 22%; text-align: left">Jason Lane</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">535,714</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">64,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">20,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Michael McMullen</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">425,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">375,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">18,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">17,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(1) Market value of
our common stock at fiscal year-end minus the exercise price. The closing price of our common stock on December&nbsp;31, 2017 the
last trading day of the year was $0.19&nbsp;per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Employment Agreement with Jason Lane</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Mr. Lane&rsquo;s employment
agreement, as amended, (&ldquo;Lane Employment Agreement&rdquo;) with the Company is effective April 1, 2017, pursuant to which
he will serve as the Company&rsquo;s Chief Executive Officer. The term (&ldquo;Term&rdquo;) of the Lane Employment Agreement is
two years. Annual base salary under the Lane Employment Agreement for the full Term is $150,000. The Company will also issue options
(&ldquo;Options&rdquo;) to Mr. Lane to purchase 3,000,000 shares of restricted common stock of the Company. The Options shall vest
pursuant to a two year vesting schedule, pursuant to which 500,000 of the Options, priced at $0.15 per share, and 500,000 of the
Options priced at $0.25 per share, shall vest on April 1, 2018; thereafter, 1,000,000 of the Options, priced at $0.30 per share
and 1,000,000 of the Options priced at $0.40 per share shall vest on April 1, 2019. The Options shall expire 10 years from the
date of grant of the Options. Additionally, Mr. Lane will be entitled to a bonus for any leased-based contract for the Company&rsquo;s
AOT technology in the amount of 8% of gross cash flow in the first year of the Term and 6% of gross cash flow in the second year
of the Term generated by any such leased-based contract. For any sales or other non-leased contracts for the Company&rsquo;s AOT
technology, Mr. Lane shall receive a one-time payment of 10% of the net profit of any such sale or contract. In addition, Mr. Lane
shall be eligible to participate in any group health insurance plan offered by the Company to employees, or, should Mr. Lane select
private health insurance outside of the Company&rsquo;s group plan, Mr. Lane shall receive each month an amount from the Company
equal to the premium paid by Mr. Lane for such private health insurance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Employment Agreement
with Michael McMullen</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Mr. McMullen&rsquo;s
employment agreement (&ldquo;McMullen Employment Agreement&rdquo;) with the Company is effective April 1, 2017, pursuant to which
he will serve as the Company&rsquo;s Chief Financial Officer. The term (&ldquo;Term&rdquo;) of the McMullen Employment Agreement
is two years. Annual base salary under the McMullen Employment Agreement for the full Term is $158,400. The Company will also issue
options (&ldquo;Options&rdquo;) to Mr. McMullen to purchase 250,000 shares of restricted shares of common stock of the Company
at a per share exercise price equal to the stock price listed on the OTCBB market at market close on April 3, 2017. The 125,000
of the Options shall vest on April 1, 2017, and 125,000 Options shall vest on April 1, 2018. The Options shall expire 10 years
from the date of grant of the Options.<B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>DIRECTORS COMPENSATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the year ended
December 31, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 8,461,852 shares of common stock to members of the Board of Directors
under a new Board of Directors compensation policy adopted by the Company on May 6, 2014 and as amended effective January 1, 2015.
The options are exercisable at $0.05/share to $0.19/share and expire ten years from the date of grant. A total of 8,461,852 options
vested on December 31, 2017. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately $399,000 using the Black-Scholes
Option Pricing model with the following assumptions: life of 5 years; risk free interest rate of 1.94% and 1.87%; volatility of
123% to 124%; and dividend yield of 0%.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The table below summarizes
the compensation paid by the Company to its directors for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="text-align: center">Fees <BR> earned or<BR> paid in <BR> cash (1)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">Stock<BR> Awards</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">Option<BR> Awards<BR> (2)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">Non-Equity<BR> Incentive<BR> Plan<BR> Compensation</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">Change in <BR> Pension<BR> Value and<BR> Nonqualified<BR> Deferred<BR> Compensation<BR> Earnings</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">All Other<BR> Compensation</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">Total</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Name</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">($)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">($)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 30%; text-align: left">Jason Lane (3)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">32,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 7%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 7%">32,000</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Thomas Bundros (4)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">6,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">66,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">72,000</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Donald Dickson (5)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">6,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">50,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">56,000</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Eric Bunting (6)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">32,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">32,000</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Gary Buchler (7)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">28,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">31,000</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Richard Munn (8)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">28,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">28,000</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">William Green (9)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">20,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">20,000</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Gregg Bigger (10)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">50,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">50,000</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Mark Stubbs (11)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">75,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">77,000</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Charles Blum (12)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">50,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">52,000</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Nathan
Shelton (13)</FONT></P></TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">50,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>$</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">52,000</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 73px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective July 1,
    2013, the Board approved a compensation policy which includes a $500 monthly fee paid to any member of the Board of Directors
    who serves on a Board Committee. Effective May 6, 2014, the Board approved a revised compensation policy which continued this
    $500 monthly fee. As of December 31, 2017, Board Committee fees in the amount of $13,000 remained unpaid and was included
as part of Accrued Expenses-related parties in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="width: 73px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective January 1, 2014, the Board passed a resolution suspending the July 1, 2013 Board compensation policy. Effective May 6, 2014, the Board approved a compensation policy which includes two annual grants of options, including i) an option to purchase a number of shares of common stock equal to $25,000 divided by the per share closing price on the date of grant with an exercise price equal to the stock closing price on the date of grant, a one year vesting period and an expiration date 10 years from the date of grant; and ii) an option to purchase a number of shares of common stock equal to $25,000 divided by the per share fair market value of the option calculated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model based on market conditions, including stock closing price, risk free interest rate and stock volatility, on the date of grant with an exercise price equal to the stock closing price on the date of grant, vesting immediately and an expiration date 10 years from the date of grant. Also, effective July 1, 2013, the Board approved an annual grant of options to purchase 25,000 shares of common stock at a price equal to the stock&rsquo;s closing price on the date of grant, vesting immediately and expiring 10 years from the date of grant as compensation to the chairman of the Board&rsquo;s Audit Committee. Effective January 1, 2015, the Board amended the policy such that i) all options granted would vest over one year; and ii) options granted mid-year due to appointment to the Board or appointment to Chairman of the Audit Committee would be adjusted such that the number of shares would be calculated on a pro rata basis depending on the number of day remaining in the calendar year, and the options would vest December 31 of the year of grant.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 73px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On April 1, 2017, Mr. Lane was granted options to purchase 535,714 shares of common exercisable at $0.07/share, vesting monthly through December 31, 2017, and expiring ten years from the date of grant. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately $32,00 using Black-Scholes Option Pricing. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized compensation costs of $32,000 based on the fair value of Mr. Lane&rsquo;s options that vested.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 73px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr. Bundros served on the Audit Committee
        throughout 2017 and was appointed Chairman of the Audit Committee effective April 1, 2017. On January 1, 2017, Mr. Bundros was
        granted options to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common exercisable at $0.05/share, vesting monthly through December 31, 2017, and
        expiring ten years from the date of grant. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately $50,00 using Black-Scholes
        Option Pricing.</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On April 1, 2017, as Chairman of the Audit
        Committee, Mr. Bundros was granted options to purchase 267,857 shares of common exercisable at $0.07/share, vesting monthly through
        December 31, 2017, and expiring ten years from the date of grant. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately
        $16,00 using Black-Scholes Option Pricing.</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">During the year ended December 31, 2017,
        the Company recognized compensation costs of $66,000 based on the fair value of Mr. Bundros&rsquo; options that vested. As a member
        of a Board Committee, Mr. Bundros received compensation in the amount of $500 per month for the twelve-month period of January
        1, 2017 through December 31, 2017.</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 73px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On January 1, 2017, Dickson was granted options to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common exercisable at $0.05/share, vesting monthly through December 31, 2017, and expiring ten years from the date of grant. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately $50,00 using Black-Scholes Option Pricing. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized compensation costs of $50,000 based on the fair value of Mr. Dickson&rsquo;s options that vested. As a member of a Board Committee, Mr. Dickson received compensation in the amount of $500 per month for the twelve-month period of January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2017.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 73px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(6)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On April 1, 2017, Dr. Bunting was granted options to purchase 535,714 shares of common exercisable at $0.07/share, vesting monthly through December 31, 2017, and expiring ten years from the date of grant. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately $32,00 using Black-Scholes Option Pricing. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized compensation costs of $32,000 based on the fair value of Dr. Bunting&rsquo;s options that vested.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 73px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(7)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On May 9, 2017, Mr. Buchler was granted options to purchase 250,000 shares of common exercisable at $0.13/share, vesting monthly through December 31, 2017, and expiring ten years from the date of grant. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately $28,00 using Black-Scholes Option Pricing. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized compensation costs of $28,000 based on the fair value of Mr. Lane&rsquo;s options that vested. Mr. Buchler was appointed to the Audit Committee effective June 1, 2017. As a member of a Board Committee, Mr. Buchler received compensation in the amount of $500 per month for the six-month period of June 1, 2017 through December 31, 2017.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 73px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(8)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On May 9, 2017, Mr. Munn was granted options to purchase 250,000 shares of common exercisable at $0.13/share, vesting monthly through December 31, 2017, and expiring ten years from the date of grant. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately $28,00 using Black-Scholes Option Pricing. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized compensation costs of $28,000 based on the fair value of Mr. Munn&rsquo;s options that vested.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 73px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(9)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On July 14, 2017, Mr. Green was granted options to purchase 122,567 shares of common exercisable at $0.19/share, vesting monthly through December 31, 2017, and expiring ten years from the date of grant. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately $20,00 using Black-Scholes Option Pricing. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized compensation costs of $20,000 based on the fair value of Mr. Lane&rsquo;s options that vested.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 73px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(10)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On January 1, 2017, Mr. Bigger was granted
        options to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common exercisable at $0.05/share, vesting monthly through December 31, 2017 and expiring
        ten years from the date of grant. Total fair value of these options at grant date was approximately $50,000 using Black-Scholes
        Option Pricing.</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr. Bigger resigned from all positions
        with the Company effective on April 1, 2017. Through Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s date of resignation, the Company recognized compensation
        costs of $13,000. As part of a separation agreement with Mr. Bigger, the Company agreed to immediately vested the stock options
        granted to him in January 2017 under the Board Compensation Polity to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common stock at $0.05 per share.
        The Company recognized an additional compensation cost of $53,000 due to changing the option vesting term in accordance with the
        separation agreement. Total compensation cost recognized by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2016, was $64,000 based
        on the fair value of Mr. Bigger&rsquo;s options that vested.</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 73px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(11)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr. Stubbs served as Chairman of the Audit
        Committee until his resignation from the Board effective April 1, 2017. On January 1, 2017, as a member of the Board and Chairman
        of the Audit Committee, Mr. Stubbs was granted options to purchase 1,500,000 shares of common exercisable at $0.05/share, vesting
        monthly through December 31, 2017 and expiring ten years from the date of grant. Total fair value of these options at grant date
        was approximately $75,000 using Black-Scholes Option Pricing. As a member of a Board Committee, Mr. Stubbs received compensation
        in the amount of $500 per month for the three-month period of January 1, 2017 through March 31, 2017.</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr. Stubbs resigned from the Company&rsquo;s
        Board of Directors effective on April 1, 2017. Through Mr. Stubbs&rsquo; date of resignation, the Company recognized compensation
        costs of $19,000. Upon his resignation, the Company agreed to immediately vest the stock options granted to him in January 2017
        under the Board Compensation Polity to purchase 1,500,000 shares of common stock at $0.05 per share. The Company recognized an
        additional compensation cost of $77,000 due to changing the option vesting term in accordance with the separation agreement. Total
        compensation cost recognized by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2016, was $96,000 based on the fair value of Mr.
        Stubbs&rsquo; options that vested.</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>



<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 73px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(12)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr. Blum served as Chairman of the Compensation
        Committee and as a member of the Audit Committee and the Governance and Nominating Committee until his resignation from the Board
        effective May 8, 2017. On January 1, 2017, Mr. Blum was granted options to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common exercisable at $0.05/share,
        vesting monthly through December 31, 2017 and expiring ten years from the date of grant. Total fair value of these options at grant
        date was approximately $50,000 using Black-Scholes Option Pricing. As a member of a Board Committee, Mr. Blum received compensation
        in the amount of $500 per month for the four-month period of January 1, 2017 through April 30, 2017.</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr. Blum resigned from the Company&rsquo;s
        Board of Directors effective on May 8, 2017. Through Mr. Blum&rsquo;s date of resignation, the Company recognized compensation
        costs of $17,000. Upon his resignation, the Company agreed to immediately vest the stock options granted to him in January 2017
        under the Board Compensation Polity to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common stock at $0.05 per share. The Company recognized an
        additional compensation cost of $74,000 due to changing the option vesting term in accordance with the separation agreement. Total
        compensation cost recognized by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2016, was $91,000 based on the fair value of Mr.
        Blum&rsquo;s options that vested.</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 73px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(13)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr. Shelton served as Chairman of the Governance
        and Nominating Committee and as a member of the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee until his resignation from the Board
        effective May 8, 2017. On January 1, 2017, Mr. Shelton was granted options to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common exercisable at
        $0.05/share, vesting monthly through December 31, 2017 and expiring ten years from the date of grant. Total fair value of these
        options at grant date was approximately $50,000 using Black-Scholes Option Pricing. As a member of a Board Committee, Mr. Shelton
        received compensation in the amount of $500 per month for the four-month period of January 1, 2017 through April 30, 2017.</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr. Blum resigned from the Company&rsquo;s
        Board of Directors effective on May 8, 2017. Through Mr. Shelton&rsquo;s date of resignation, the Company recognized compensation
        costs of $17,000. Upon his resignation, the Company agreed to immediately vest the stock options granted to him in January 2017
        under the Board Compensation Polity to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common stock at $0.05 per share. The Company recognized an
        additional compensation cost of $74,000 due to changing the option vesting term in accordance with the separation agreement. Total
        compensation cost recognized by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2016, was $91,000 based on the fair value of Mr.
        Shelton&rsquo;s options that vested.</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a21"></A>Item&nbsp;12<I>. </I>Security Ownership
of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL
OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table
sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of December 31, 2017.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">each person, or group of affiliated persons, known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">each of our directors;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the Company&rsquo;s Chief Executive Officer and President, and Chief Financial Officer, are the only persons serving as a Named Executive as of December 31, 2017 whose total annual salary and bonus exceeded $100,000, for services rendered in all capacities to the Company (such individuals are hereafter referred to as the &ldquo;Named Executive Officers&rdquo;); and all of our directors and executive officers serving as a group.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>Named Executive Officers and Director</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">Number of Shares<BR> of Common Stock<BR> Beneficially</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">Percentage of<BR> Shares<BR> Beneficially</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Name and Address of Beneficial Owner (1)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Owned (2)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Owned (2)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 66%; text-align: left">Lane, Jason &ndash; Chief Executive Officer, President, Director</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">535,714</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">0.23%</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Bundros, Thomas &ndash; Director</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,844,569</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1.64%</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Dickson, Donald &ndash; Director</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,625,823</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1.12%</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Bunting, Eric &ndash; Director</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">8,194,240</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3.50%</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Buchler, Gary &ndash; Director</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">431,355</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.18%</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Munn, Richard &ndash; Director</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">470,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.20%</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Green, William &ndash; Director</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">122,567</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.05%</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">McMullen, Michael &ndash; Chief Financial Officer</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">425,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">0.18%</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">All directors and executive officers as a group</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">16,649,268</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">7.11%</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each listed person is c/o QS Energy, Inc., 23902 FM 2978, Tomball, TX 77375.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Percentage of beneficial ownership is based upon 234,076,907 shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2017. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Shares of common stock subject to options and warrants currently exercisable or convertible, or exercisable or convertible within 60 days, are deemed outstanding for determining the number of shares beneficially owned and for computing the percentage ownership of the person holding such options, but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Except as indicated by footnote, and subject to community property laws where applicable, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock shown as beneficially owned by them.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a22"></A>Item&nbsp;13. Certain Relationships
and Related Transactions, and Director Independence</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Accrued Expenses - Related Parties</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of December 31,
2017 and 2016, total accrued expenses &ndash; related parties amounted to $31,000 and $135,000, respectively. Included in the December
31, 2017 accrued amount are accrued payroll expenses to current executive officers and unpaid committee fees to current members
of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors of $19,000 and $13,000, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Director Independence</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company believes
Mr. Dickson, Mr. Bundros, Dr. Bunting, Mr. Buchler, Mr. Munn, and Mr. Green are independent, and Mr. Lane is non-independent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a23"></A>Item&nbsp;14. Principal Accounting Fees
and Services</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Audit Committee
has selected Weinberg&nbsp;&amp; Company, P.A. to audit our financial statements for the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31, 2017.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Weinberg&nbsp;&amp;
Company, P.A. was first appointed in fiscal year 2003, and has audited our financial statements for fiscal years 2002 through 2016.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Audit and Other Fees</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table
summarizes the fees charged by Weinberg&nbsp;&amp; Company, P.A. for certain services rendered to the Company during 2017 and 2016.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Amount</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fiscal</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fiscal</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Type of Fee</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year 2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year 2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 66%">Audit (1)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">73,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">76,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Audit Related (2)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD>Taxes (3)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">10,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">12,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">All Other (4)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">83,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">88,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 73px"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This category consists of fees for the audit of our annual financial statements included in the Company&rsquo;s annual report on Form&nbsp;10-K and review of the financial statements included in the Company&rsquo;s quarterly reports on Form&nbsp;10-Q. This category also includes advice on audit and accounting matters that arose during, or as a result of, the audit or the review of interim financial statements, statutory audits required by non-U.S.&nbsp;jurisdictions and the preparation of an annual &ldquo;management letter&rdquo; on internal control matters.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Represents services that are normally provided by the independent auditors in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years, aggregate fees charged for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit and are not reported as audit fees. These services include consultations regarding Sarbanes-Oxley Act requirements, various SEC filings and the implementation of new accounting requirements.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Represents aggregate fees charged for professional services for tax compliance and preparation, tax consulting and advice, and tax planning.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Represents aggregate fees charged for products and services other than those services previously reported.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B></B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a24"></A>PART
IV</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><A NAME="a25"></A>Item&nbsp;15.&nbsp;&nbsp;Exhibits, Financial
Statement Schedules</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Financial Statements:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Reference is made to
the contents to the consolidated financial statements of QS Energy, Inc. under Item&nbsp;7 of this Form 10-K.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exhibits:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The exhibits listed
below are required by Item&nbsp;601 of Regulation&nbsp;S-K.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%; line-height: 107%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Exhibit No.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; line-height: 107%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 89%; line-height: 107%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Description</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3.1(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968700000217/0001019687-00-000217.txt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Articles of Incorporation, as amended, of the Registrant.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3.1(87)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968715003037/qsenergy_8k-ex0301.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Articles of Merger</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3.1(93)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000168316816000614/qsenergy_8k-ex0302.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amendment to Articles of Incorporation</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">3.2(77)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968713002577/stwa_8k-ex302.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.1(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095014804000710/v97354exv10w1.txt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Commercial Sublease dated October&nbsp;16, 2003 between the Registrant and KZ Golf, Inc.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.2(9)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012905004174/v07538exv10w2.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Addendum to Commercial Sublease dated June 15, 2004 to Exhibit&nbsp;10.1</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.3(10)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012906003471/v18588exv10w3.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amendment dated August 14, 2005 to Exhibit 10.1</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.4(10)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012906003471/v18588exv10w4.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">General Tenancy Agreement dated March 14, 2006 between the Registrant and Autumlee Pty Ltd.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.5(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095014802003029/v86766exv99w1.txt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Agreement dated December&nbsp;13, 2002 between the Registrant and RAND.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.6(2)**</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095014804000710/v97354exv10w3xay.txt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Agreement dated May&nbsp;7, 2003 between the Registrant and RAND.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.7(5)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012904004937/v99572exv10w5.txt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Modification No.&nbsp;1 dated as of August&nbsp;21, 2003 to Exhibit&nbsp;10.5</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.8(5)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012904004937/v99572exv10w6.txt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Modification No.&nbsp;2 dated as of October&nbsp;17, 2003 to Exhibit&nbsp;10.5</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.9(5)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012904004937/v99572exv10w7.txt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Modification No.&nbsp;3 dated as of January&nbsp;20, 2004 to Exhibit&nbsp;10.5</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.10(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095014802002645/v85828exv99w2.txt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deed and Document Conveyance between the Trustee of the Property of Jeffrey Ann Muller and Lynette Anne Muller (Bankrupts).</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.11(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095014802002645/v85828exv99w3.txt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Assignment and Bill of Sale dated May&nbsp;28, 2002 between the Registrant and Kevin Charles Hart.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.12(11)&dagger;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012906006805/v21479exv10w11.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated October 5, 2005 between the Registrant and Eugene E. Eichler.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.13(15)&dagger;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095013407012400/v28291exv10w13.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Separation Agreement dated November 9, 2006 between the Registrant and Eugene E. Eichler</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.14(11)&dagger;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012906006805/v21479exv10w12.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated October 5, 2005 between the Registrant and Bruce H. McKinnon.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.15(6)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012904002642/v98378ddef14a.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Save the World Air, Inc. 2004 Stock Option Plan</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.16(8)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012905004174/v07538exv10w18.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under 2004 Stock Option Plan</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.17(8)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012905004174/v07538exv10w19.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under 2004 Stock Option Plan</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.18(8)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012905004174/v07538exv10w23.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Consulting Agreement dated as of October&nbsp;1, 2004 between the Registrant and John Fawcett</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.19(7)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012904004747/v00232exv99w1.txt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">License Agreement dated as of July&nbsp;1, 2004 between the Registrant and Temple University &ndash; The Commonwealth System of Higher Education</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.20(8)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012905004174/v07538exv10w28.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Consulting Agreement dated as of November 19, 2004 between the Registrant and London Aussie Marketing, Ltd.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.21(13)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012406005794/v23991exv10w27.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amendment to Consulting Agreement dated September 14, 2006 to Exhibit 10.20</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.22(8)&dagger;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012905004174/v07538exv10w29.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Employment Agreement dated September 1, 2004 with Erin Brockovich</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.23(15)&dagger;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095013407012400/v28291exv10w23.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amendment to Employment Agreement dated as of July 31, 2006 to Exhibit 10.22</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.24(8)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012905004174/v07538exv10w34.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Assignment of Patent Rights dated as of September&nbsp;1, 2003 between the Registrant and Adrian Menzell</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.25(8)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012905004174/v07538exv10w35.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Global Deed of Assignment dated June&nbsp;26, 2004 between the Registrant and Adrian Menzell</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.26(11)&dagger;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012906006805/v21479exv10w33.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of March 1, 2006 between the Registrant and John Richard Bautista III</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.27(9)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012905010953/v14370exv10w2.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Lease dated August 15, 2005 between the Registrant and Thomas L. Jackson</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.28(10)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012906003471/v18588exv10w42.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amendment dated February 1, 2006 to Exhibit 10.27</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.29(9)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012905010953/v14370exv10w3.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 9% Convertible Note issued in the 2005 Interim Financing</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.30(9)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012905010953/v14370exv10w4.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in the 2005 Interim Financing</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.31(10)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012906003471/v18588exv10w46.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in the 2005 Bridge Financing</FONT></A></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%; width: 8%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.32(11)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%; width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%; width: 89%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012906006805/v21479exv10w40.txt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2006 Regulation&nbsp;S financing</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.33(11)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012906006805/v21479exv10w41.txt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2006 PIPE financing</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.34(97)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012906005623/v20557exv10w1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Commercial Sublease between the Registrant and KZG Golf dated January 1, 2006</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.35(12)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012406005427/v23768exv10w1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Investment Agreement dated September 15, 2006 between the Registrant and Dutchess Private Equities Fund</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.36(12)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012406005427/v23768exv10w2.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Registration Rights Agreement dated September 15, 2006 between the registrant and Dutchess Private Equities Fund, LLP</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.37(17)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012407000720/v27172exv10w1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">License Agreement between the Registrant and Temple University dated February 2, 2007</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.38(17)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012407000720/v27172exv10w2.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">License Agreement between the Registrant and Temple University dated February 2, 2007</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.39(17)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012407000720/v27172exv10w3.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">R&amp;D Agreement between the Registrant and Temple University dated February 2, 2007</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.40(14)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012406007453/v25739exv10w1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Note Purchase Agreement dated December 5, 2006 between the registrant and Morale Orchards LLC</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.41(14)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012406007453/v25739exv10w3.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued to Morale Orchards LLC</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.42(14)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012406007453/v25739exv10w2.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Convertible Note issued to Morale Orchards LLC</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.43(16)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012407000219/v26349exv10w1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Consulting Agreement dated January 4, 2007 between the Registrant and Spencer Clarke LLC</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.44(15)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095013407012400/v28291exv10w44.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Marketing Representative Agreement dated as of July 15, 2006 between the Company and SS Sales and Marketing Group</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.45(15)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095013407012400/v28291exv10w45.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Engagement Agreement between the Registrant and Charles K. Dargan II</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.46(15)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095013407012400/v28291exv10w46.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2007 PIPE Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.47(15)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095013407012400/v28291exv10w47.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2007 PIPE Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.48(18)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012407000916/v27534e8vk.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Appointment of New Directors, Nathan Shelton, Steven Bolio and Dennis Kenneally</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.49(19)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012407002653/v29891e8vk.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Issuance of RAND Final Repor</FONT></A><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">t</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.50(20)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095013707007853/v30577e8vk.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Delisting from OTCBB to OTC Pink Sheets</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.51(21)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012407003228/v31064e8vk.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Resignation of Director, Dennis Kenneally</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.52(22)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012407003283/v31247e8vk.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Resignation of Officer, Bruce H. McKinnon</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.53(23)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095013707009611/v31618exv9w3.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2007 Spring Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.54(23)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095013707009611/v31618exv9w4.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2007 Spring Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.55(24)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095014807000173/v31972e8vk.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Termination of North Hollywood Lease</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.56(25)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968707004070/saveair_ex1001.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Modification Agreement of 10% 2007 PIPE Convertible Note</FONT></A><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">s</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.57(26)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968707003377/saveair_8k-ex9902.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2007 Summer Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.58(26)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968707003377/saveair_8k-ex9903.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2007 Summer Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.59(27)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968707003594/saveair_8k-102207.txt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Resignation of Director, J. Joseph Brown</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.60(28)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968707003832/saveworld_8k-110907.txt"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Resignation of Chief Financial Officer and Appointment of Interim Chief Financial Officer</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.61(29)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000095012407003738/v31661exv10w1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Separation Agreement dated June 15, 2007 between Registrant and Bruce H. McKinnon</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.62(30)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968707004099/savetheworld_8k-111907.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Resignation of Director, Bruce H. McKinnon</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.63(31)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968707004275/saveair_8k-ex1002.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Second Modification Agreement of 10% 2007 PIPE Convertible Notes</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.64(32)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968707004398/savetheworld_8k-ex0902.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2007 Fall Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.65(32)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968707004398/savetheworld_8k-ex0903.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2007 Fall Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.66(33)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968708000760/savetheworld_8k-022108.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Resignation of Director, Joseph Helleis</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.67(34)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968708001024/saveworld_ex0902.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2007/8 Winter Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.68(34)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968708001024/saveworld_ex0903.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2007/8 Winter Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.69(34)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968708001024/saveworld_ex0904.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Modification and Satisfaction Agreement of Convertible Notes with Morale Orchards, LLP and Matthews &amp; Partners</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.70(35)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968708001354/saveworld_8k-032608.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Termination of employment relationship with John Bautista</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.71(36)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968708001024/saveworld_ex0902.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2008 Summer Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968708001024/saveworld_ex0903.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2008 Summer Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%; width: 8%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.72(37)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%; width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%; width: 89%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968708004849/stwa_8k-ex902.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2008 Fall Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968708004849/stwa_8k-ex903.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2008 Fall Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.73(38)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968708005423/stwa_8kex-0902.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2008 Winter Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968708005423/stwa_8kex-0903.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2008 Winter Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.74(39)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968709000164/stwa_8k-ex901.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Letter Agreement with Temple University extending default ate</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.75(40)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968709000314/zero_8k-012809.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Notice of first payment to Temple University under Letter Agreement</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968709000314/zero_8k-012809.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Announcement of date of 2010 Annual Shareholder Meeting</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968709000314/zero_8k-012809.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Appointment of Cecil Bond Kyte as new Chief Executive Officer</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.76(41)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968709000332/stwa_8k-ex1002.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2009 Winter Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968709000332/stwa_8k-ex1003.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2009 Winter Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.77(42)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968709001108/swta_10k-ex1077.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Employment Agreement with Cecil Bond Kyte</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.78(43)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968709000878/stwa_8k-ex0902.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2009 Winter #2 Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968709000878/stwa_8k-ex0903.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2009 Winter #2 Offering&nbsp;</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.79(44)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968709001660/stwa_8k-ex0902.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2009 Spring Offering&nbsp;</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968709001660/stwa_8k-ex0903.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2009 Spring Offering&nbsp;</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.80(45)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968709003493/stwa_8k-ex0402.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 7% Convertible Note issued in 2009 Summer Offering</FONT></A><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968709003493/stwa_8k-ex1001.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2009 Summer Offering</FONT></A><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.81(46)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968709004274/stwa_8k-111809.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Passing of Steven Bolio, Company Director&nbsp;</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.82(47)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968709004421/stwa_8k-ex402.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 7% Convertible Note issued in 2009 Wellfleet Offering&nbsp;</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968709004421/stwa_8k-ex1001.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2009 Wellfleet Offering&nbsp;</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.83(48)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968710000384/stwa_8k-ex1002.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 7% Convertible Note issued in 2009 Fall Offering&nbsp;</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968710000384/stwa_8k-ex1003.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2009 Fall Offering&nbsp;</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.84(49)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968710001059/stwa_8k-ex9901.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Letter to Shareholders</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.85(50)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968710001330/stwa_8k-ex1002.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2010 Winter Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968710001330/stwa_8k-ex1003.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2010 Winter Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.86(51)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968710001388/stwa_8k.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Settlement of Bruce H. McKinnon Arbitration Award</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.87(52)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968710001708/swta_8k-ex1002.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note Issued in 2010 Spring Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968710001708/swta_8k-ex1003.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in to 2010 Spring Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.88(53)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968710002968/stwa_8k-ex1002.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note Issued in 2010 Summer Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968710002968/stwa_8k-ex1003.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2010 Summer Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.89(54)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968710003588/stwa_8k-ex1002.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2010 Fall Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968710003588/stwa_8k-ex1003.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2010 Fall Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.90(55)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968710004320/stwa_8k-ex1002.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2010 Fall Offering #2</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968710004320/stwa_8k-ex1002.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2010 Fall Offering #2</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.91(56)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968711000646/stwa_8k-022411.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Resignation of Director John A. Price</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.92(57)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968711000774/stwa_8k-ex1002.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note issued in 2011 Winter Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968711000774/stwa_8k-ex1003.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2011 Winter Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.93(58)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968711000804/stwa_8k-ex1001.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amendment to Employment Agreement with Cecil Kyte</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968711000804/stwa_8k-030111.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Announcement of date of 2011 Annual Shareholder Meeting</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.94(59)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968711002538/stwa_10q-ex1094.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">License Agreement between the Registrant and Temple University dated August 9, 2011</FONT></A></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%; width: 8%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.96(60)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%; width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%; width: 89%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968711001922/stwa_8k-1002.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note Issued in 2011 Spring Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968711001922/stwa_8k-1003.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant issued in 2011 Spring Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.97(61)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968711002498/stwa_8k-ex1002.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note Issued in 2011 Summer Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968711002498/stwa_8k-ex1003.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant Issued in 2011 Summer Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.94(62)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968711003248/stwa_8k-ex1002.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note Issued in 2011 Fall Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968711003248/stwa_8k-ex1003.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant Issued in 2011 Fall Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.95(63)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968711003262/save_ex1001.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Final Report of the Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center of Viscosity Reduction Device (AOT)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.96(64)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968711003850/stwa_8k-ex1002.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note Issued in 2011 Fall#2 Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968711003850/stwa_8k-ex1003.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant Issued in 2011 Fall#2 Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.97(65)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968711003934/stwa_8k-ex1001.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Letter of Intent between Registrant and Heng He Xing Ye Technology Development Co., Ltd. dated October 19, 2011</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.98(66)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968712000016/swta_8k-123111.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Announcement of resignation of Eugene E. Eichler, Interim Chief Financial Officer for health reasons.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.99(67)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968712000196/stwa_8k-ex1002.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note Issued in 2011 Fall#3 Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.100(68)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968712000196/stwa_8k-ex1003.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant Issued in 2011 Fall#3 Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.101(69)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968712000381/stwa_8k-ex1002.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of 10% Convertible Note Issued in 2012 Winter Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.102(70)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968712000381/stwa_8k-ex1003.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form of Stock Purchase Warrant Issued in 2012 Winter Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.103(71)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968712000961/stwa_8kex10-1.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Letter of Intent between Registrant and LG Partners LLC (&ldquo;LGP&rdquo;)</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.104(72)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968712000994/saveair_ex1001.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cooperation Framework Agreement between Registrant and Heng He Xing Technology Development Co., Ltd (TDC) dated March 9, 2012</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.105(73)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968712001150/stwa_10k-ex10101.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Employment Agreement with Gregg Bigger, Chief Financial Officer</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.106(74)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968712001150/stwa_10k-ex10104.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">U.S. Department of Energy Agreement dated February 6, 2012</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.107(75)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968713000952/stwa_10k-ex10105.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Continental Divide, LLC Agreement dated January 2, 2013</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.108(76)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968713002824/stwa_8k-ex1001.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Equipment Lease/Option to Purchase Agreement with TransCanada Keystone Pipeline, L.P.&nbsp;</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.109(79)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968714000875/zero_10k-ex10107.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amendment to Greggory M. Bigger Employment Contract.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.110(80)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968714000875/zero_10k-ex10108.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Cecil Bond Kyte Separation Agreement</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.111(81)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968714002774/stwa_8k-ex1001.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Equipment Lease/Option to Purchase Agreement, dated effective as of July 15, 2014, between Save The World Air, Inc. and Kinder Morgan Crude &amp; Condensate LLC.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.112(82)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968714002774/stwa_8k-ex1002.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Mutual Confidentiality Agreement, dated July 15, 2014, between Save The World Air, Inc. and Kinder Morgan Crude &amp; Condensate LLC.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.113(83)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968714002775/stwa_8k-ex1001.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Letter from TransCanada to Save The World Air, Inc., dated July 15, 2014.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.114(84)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968714004126/stwa_10q-ex1001.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Newfield Exploration Company Joint Development Agreement.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.115(85)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968714004126/stwa_10q-ex1002.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Haven Technology Solutions Joint Development Agreement.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.116(86)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968715004373/qsenergy_8k-ex9901.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Registrant&rsquo;s Business Plan</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.117(88)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968716005472/qsenergy_10k-ex10117.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Forms of Convertible Note, Warrant, and Securities Purchase Agreement in 2014 Fall Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.118(89)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968716005472/qsenergy_10k-ex10118.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Forms of Convertible Note, Warrant, and Securities Purchase Agreement in 2015 Spring Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.119(90)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968716005472/qsenergy_10k-ex10119.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Forms of Convertible Note, Warrant, and Securities Purchase Agreement in 2015 Winter Offering</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.120(91)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968716005472/qsenergy_10k-ex10120.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amendment to Greggory M. Bigger Employment Agreement dated March 10, 2016.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.121(92)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000101968716005472/qsenergy_10k-ex10121.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Temple Research Agreement dated March 19, 2012, as amended March 19, 2013.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.122(93)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000168316817000736/qsenergy_10k-ex10122.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Jason Lane Employment Agreement effective April 1, 2017</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.123(94)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000168316817000736/qsenergy_10k-ex10123.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Michael McMullen Employment Agreement effective April 1, 2017</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.124(95)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000168316817000736/qsenergy_10k-ex10124.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Bigger Separation Agreement effective April 1, 2017</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.125(96)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1103795/000168316817002957/qsenergy_ex1001.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Amendment to Jason Lane employment agreement</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">10.126(*)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="qsenergy_10k-ex10126.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Form
    of Securities Purchase Agreement</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">21</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="qsenergy_10k-ex021.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">List of Subsidiaries</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">24*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><A HREF="#poa">Power of Attorney</A> (included on Signature Page)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">31.1*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="qsenergy_10k-ex3101.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Annual Report Pursuant to Rule&nbsp;13(a)&mdash;15(e) or Rule&nbsp;15(d)&mdash;15(e)</FONT></A><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">31.2*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="qsenergy_10k-ex3102.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Annual Report Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section&nbsp;1350.</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">32.1*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><A HREF="qsenergy_10k-ex3200.htm"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Annual Report pursuant to Rule&nbsp;13(a)&mdash;15(e) or Rule&nbsp;15(d)&mdash;15(e).</FONT></A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">101.INS*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">XBRL Instance Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">101.SCH*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">XBRL Schema Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">101.CAL*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">101.DEF*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">XBRL Definition Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">101.LAB*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">XBRL Label Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">101.PRE*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">*</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Filed herewith.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">**</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Confidential treatment previously requested.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&dagger;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="line-height: 107%"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>




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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Registration Statement on Form 10-SB (Registration Number 000-29185), as amended, filed on March&nbsp;2, 2000.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 89%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10KSB for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December&nbsp;30, 2002.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on November&nbsp;12, 2002.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10QSB for the quarter ended March&nbsp;31, 2004.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(6)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Appendix&nbsp;C of Registrant&rsquo;s Schedule&nbsp;14A filed on April&nbsp;30, 2004, in connection with its Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on May&nbsp;24, 2004.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(7)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant Form 8-K filed on July&nbsp;12, 2004.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(8)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from registrant&rsquo;s Form 10KSB for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(9)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10QSB for the quarter ended September 30, 2005</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(10)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10KSB for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(11)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form SB-2 filed on June 28, 2006 (SEC File No. 333- 333-135415)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(12)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on September 21, 2006</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(13)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form SB-2 filed on October 6, 2006 (SEC File No. 333-137855)</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(14)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 11, 2006</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(15)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10KSB for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(16)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on January 10, 2007</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(17)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on February 8, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(18)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on February 16, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(19)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on May 3, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(20)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on May 22 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(21)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on June 8, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(22)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on June 15, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(23)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on July 2, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(24)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on July 18, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(25)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from
    Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10QSB Amendment filed on November 20, 2007</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(26)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on October 9, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(27)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on October 23, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(28)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on November 9, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(29)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference form
    Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10QSB filed on July 24, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(30)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on November 21, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(31)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 11, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(32)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2007&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(33)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on February 25, 2008&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(34)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on March 11, 2008</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(35)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on March 27, 2008</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(36)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on September 3, 2008</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(37)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on November 6, 2008</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(38)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 11, 2008</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(39)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on January 13, 2009</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(40)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on January 28, 2009</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(41)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on January 29, 2009</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(42)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from
    Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 31, 2009</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(43)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s
Form 8-K filed on March 17, 2009</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>(44)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s
Form 8-K filed on May 8, 2009</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(45)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on September 30, 2009</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(46)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on November 24, 2009&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(47)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 7, 2009&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(48)&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on February 3, 2010&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(49)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on March 22, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(50)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on April 8, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    </TR>
</TABLE>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(51)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 89%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on April 13, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(52)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on May 7, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(53)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on August 11, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(54)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from
    Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on October 5, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(55)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 6, 2010</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(56)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on February 25, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(57)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference form Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on March 7, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(58)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on March 9, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(59)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on August 11, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(60)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on June 9, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(61)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on August 10, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(62)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on October 21, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(63)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on October 25, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(64)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 14, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(65)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 27, 2011</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(66)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on January 4, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(67)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on January 23, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(68)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on January 23, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(69)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from
    Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on February 8, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(70)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on February 8, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(71)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on March 16, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(72)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on March 20, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(73)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 30, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(74)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 30, 2012</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(75)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 22, 2013</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(76)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on August 2, 2013</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(77)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on July 8, 2013</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(78)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2013</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(79)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 17, 2014</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(80)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 17, 2014</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(81)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on July 21, 2014</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(82)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on July 21, 2014</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(83)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 89%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on July 21, 2014</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(84)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-Q filed on November 10, 2014</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(85)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-Q filed on November 10, 2014</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(86)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on December 1, 2015</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>(87) </TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 8-K filed on August 11, 2015</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(88)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2016</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(89)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2016</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(90)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2016</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(91)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2016</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(92)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2016</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(93)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from
    Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed March 31, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(94)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed March 31, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(95)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-K filed March 31, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(96)</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10-Q filed November 14, 2017</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>(97)</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Incorporated by reference from Registrant&rsquo;s Form 10QSB filed on May 17, 2006</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"><A NAME="a50"></A><B>Item 16: Form 10-K Summary</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">None</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a26"></A>SIGNATURES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In accordance with
Section&nbsp;13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
hereunto duly authorize.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>QS Energy, Inc.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 35%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date: April 2, 2018</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Jason Lane</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jason Lane</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Chief Executive Officer</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><A NAME="poa"></A><B>POWER OF ATTORNEY</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">KNOW ALL PERSONS BY
THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Jason Lane as his or her true and
lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him or her and in his or her name,
place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the
same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting
unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing
requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do
in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his or her substitute
or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and
in the capacities and on the dates indicated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NAME</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 55%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">TITLE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 15%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DATE</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Jason Lane</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 2,
    2018</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Jason Lane</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Thomas Bundros</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 2,
    2018</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Thomas Bundros</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Donald Dickson</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 2,
    2018</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Donald Dickson</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Eric Bunting, M.D.</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 2,
    2018</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Eric Bunting, M.D.</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Gary Buchler</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 2,
    2018</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gary Buchler</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Richard Munn</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 2,
    2018</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Richard Munn</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ William Green</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">April 2,
    2018</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">William Green</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B></B></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>QS ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 90%; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a27">Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-2</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a28">Consolidated Balance Sheets</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-3</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a29">Consolidated Statements of Operations</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-4</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a30">Consolidated Statements of Stockholders&rsquo; Deficit</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-5</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a31">Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-6</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: blue"><A HREF="#a32">Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements</A></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">F-7</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a27"></A>REPORT OF INDEPENDENT
REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
of</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">QS Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Opinion on the Financial Statements</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have audited the accompanying consolidated
balance sheets of QS Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and the related
consolidated statements of operations, stockholders&rsquo; deficit and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016,
and the related notes (collectively referred to as the &ldquo;consolidated financial statements&rdquo;). In our opinion, the consolidated
financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December
31, 2017 and 2016, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Going Concern</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The accompanying financial statements have
been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1, the Company has experienced recurring
operating losses and negative operating cash flows since inception, has a stockholders&rsquo; deficit, and has financed its working
capital requirements through the recurring sale of its debt and equity securities. These conditions raise substantial doubt about
the Company&rsquo;s ability to continue as a going concern. Management&rsquo;s plans in regard to these matters are also described
in Note 1 to the financial statements. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome
of this uncertainty.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>Basis for Opinion</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">These consolidated financial statements
are the responsibility of the Company&rsquo;s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company&rsquo;s consolidated
financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board (United States) (&ldquo;PCAOB&rdquo;) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the
U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;We conducted our audits in accordance
with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about
whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is
not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our
audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing
an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such
opinion.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our audits included performing procedures
to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing
procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide
a reasonable basis for our opinion.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">/s/ Weinberg &amp; Company, P.A.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have served as the Company&rsquo;s auditor
since 2002</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Weinberg &amp; Company, P.A.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Los Angeles, California</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">April 2, 2018&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a28"></A>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">ASSETS</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Current assets:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 66%">Cash</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">204,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">136,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">38,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">26,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Total current assets</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">242,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">162,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt; text-indent: -11pt">Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $51,000 and $32,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">46,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">17,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Other assets</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">7,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total assets</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">290,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">186,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS&rsquo; DEFICIT</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Current liabilities:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Accounts payable-license agreements</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">852,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">805,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Accounts payable and accrued expenses</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">748,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">251,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Accrued expenses-related parties</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">31,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">135,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Deposit and other current liabilities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">5,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 11pt; text-indent: -11pt">Convertible debentures, net of discounts of $47,000 and $92,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">533,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">348,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total current liabilities</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,164,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,544,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Commitments and contingencies</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Stockholders&rsquo; deficit</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt; text-indent: -11pt">Common stock, $0.001 par value: 500,000,000 shares authorized, 234,076,907 shares issued and outstanding, and 300,000,000 shares authorized, 199,045,026 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">234,077</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">199,045</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Additional paid-in capital</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">108,000,923</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">103,716,955</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Accumulated deficit</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(110,109,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(105,274,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Total stockholders&rsquo; deficit</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,874,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,358,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total liabilities and stockholders&rsquo; deficit</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">290,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">186,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a29"></A>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Twelve months ended</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">December 31</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 66%">Revenues</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">50,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Operating expenses</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,938,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,103,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Research and development expenses</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">243,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">279,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Loss before other income (expense)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(3,131,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(2,382,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Other income</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Interest and financing expense</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,704,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,617,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Loss on disposition of equipment</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(3,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Net Loss</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(4,835,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(4,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Net loss per common share, basic and diluted</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(0.02</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(0.02</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">217,790,405</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">192,831,810</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a30"></A>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS&rsquo;
DEFICIT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017
AND 2016</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Additional</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Total</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Common Stock</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">Paid-in</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">Accumulated</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">Stockholders&rsquo;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Shares</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Amount</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Capital</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Deficit</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Deficit</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 35%; font-weight: bold">Balance, January 1, 2016</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">183,831,577</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">183,832</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">100,308,168</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(101,274,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 9%; text-align: right">(782,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt; text-indent: -11pt">Common stock issued upon conversion of notes payable</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">14,913,449</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">14,913</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,476,087</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,491,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt; text-indent: -11pt">Common stock issued for services</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">300,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">300</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">47,700</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">48,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt; text-indent: -11pt">Fair value of warrants and beneficial conversion feature of issued convertible notes</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,443,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,443,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt; text-indent: -11pt">Fair value of options and warrants issued as compensation</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">442,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">442,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt; text-indent: -11pt">Net loss</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(4,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(4,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">Balance, December 31, 2016</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">199,045,026</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">199,045</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">103,716,955</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(105,274,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(1,358,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt; text-indent: -11pt">Common stock issued on private sale of securities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">181,355</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">181</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">37,819</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">38,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt; text-indent: -11pt">Fair value of common stock issued on exercise of warrants</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">4,863,754</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">4,864</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">391,136</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">396,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt; text-indent: -11pt">Fair value of common stock issued on conversion of notes payable</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">29,986,772</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">29,987</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,498,013</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,528,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt; text-indent: -11pt">Fair value of warrants and beneficial conversion feature of issued convertible notes</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,469,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,469,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt; text-indent: -11pt">Fair value of options and warrants issued as compensation</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">888,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">888,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt; text-indent: -11pt">Net loss</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(4,835,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(4,835,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Balance, December 31, 2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">234,076,907</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">234,077</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">108,000,923</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(110,109,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(1,874,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a31"></A>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Twelve months ended</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">December 31</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Cash flows from Operating Activities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="width: 66%; text-align: left">Net loss</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">(4,835,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">(4,229,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt">Stock based compensation expense</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">888,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">442,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt">Issuance of common stock for services</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">48,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt">Amortization of debt discount</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0">1,661,000</P>


</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,594,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0">Accrued interest</P>


</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0">52,000</P>


</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0">23,000</P>


</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt">Loss on disposition of assets</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt">Depreciation and amortization</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">19,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">7,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt">Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(6,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">24,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 22pt">Accounts payable and accrued expenses</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">497,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">69,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 22pt">Accounts payable &ndash; license agreements</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">47,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">215,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 22pt">Accounts payable and accrued expenses &ndash; related parties</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(104,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(56,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 22pt">Deposits and other current liabilities</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(5,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">5,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Net cash used in operating activities</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,786,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,626,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Cash flows from investing activities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 11pt">Purchase of equipment</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(49,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(5,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 11pt">Net cash used in investing activities</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(49,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(5,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Cash flows from financing activities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt">Net proceeds from private sale of restricted common stock</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">38,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt">Net proceeds from issuance of convertible notes and warrants</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,469,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,418,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 11pt">Net proceeds from exercise of warrants and options</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">396,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Net cash provided by financing activities</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,903,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1,418,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Net decrease in cash</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">68,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(213,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">Cash, beginning of period</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">136,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">349,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Cash, end of period</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">204,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">136,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Cash paid during the year for:</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 11pt">Interest</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 11pt">Income Taxes</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,600</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,600</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Non-cash investing and financing activities</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Conversion of convertible debentures to common stock</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,528,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,491,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Deposit exchanged to convertible note payable</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">25,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-left: 11pt; text-indent: -11pt">Fair value of warrants and beneficial conversion feature associated with issued convertible notes</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,469,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">1,443,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">The accompanying notes are an integral part
of these consolidated financial statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><A NAME="a32"></A>NOTES&nbsp;TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017
AND 2016</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.35in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>1.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Description of Business</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Description of Business</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">QS Energy, Inc. (&ldquo;QS
Energy&rdquo;, &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) was incorporated on February 18, 1998, as a Nevada Corporation under the name Mandalay Capital
Corporation. The Company changed its name to Save the World Air, Inc. on February 11, 1999. Effective August 11, 2015, the Company
changed its name to QS Energy, Inc. The Company&rsquo;s common stock is quoted under the symbol &ldquo;QSEP&rdquo; on the Over-the-Counter
Bulletin Board. More information including the Company&rsquo;s fact sheet, logos and media articles are available at our corporate
website, www.qsenergy.com.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">QS Energy develops
and commercializes energy efficiency technologies that assist in meeting increasing global energy demands, improving the economics
of oil extraction and transport, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Company's intellectual properties include a portfolio
of domestic and international patents and patents pending, a substantial portion of which have been developed in conjunction with
and exclusively licensed from Temple University of Philadelphia, PA (&ldquo;Temple&rdquo;). QS Energy's primary technology is called
Applied Oil Technology (AOT), a commercial-grade crude oil pipeline transportation flow-assurance product. Engineered specifically
to reduce pipeline pressure loss, increase pipeline flow rate and capacity, and reduce shippers&rsquo; reliance on diluents and
drag reducing agents to meet pipeline maximum viscosity requirements, AOT is a 100% solid-state system that reduces crude oil viscosity
by applying a high intensity electrical field to crude oil feedstock while in transit. The AOT product has transitioned from the
research and development stage to initial production for continued testing in advance of our goal of seeking acceptance and adoption
by the midstream pipeline marketplace.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company also began
commercial development of a suite of products based around the Joule Heat technology. The Company began fabrication of prototype
equipment to be operated under a joint development agreement with a commercial entity in the fourth quarter of 2014. The Company&rsquo;s
first Joule Heat prototype was installed for testing purposes at the Newfield facility in June 2015 and the system is operational;
however, changes to the prototype configuration will be required to determine commercial effectiveness of this unit. In addition,
the Company filed two additional provisional patents related to the technology&rsquo;s method and apparatus. In December 2015,
we temporarily suspended Joule Heat development activities to focus Company resources on finalizing commercial development of
the AOT Midstream. We currently plan to resume Joule Heat development in in the future depending on the availability of sufficient
capital and other resources.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Going Concern</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The accompanying consolidated
financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement
of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements,
during the twelve-months ended December 31, 2017, the Company incurred a net loss of $4,835,000, used cash in operations of $1,786,000
and had a stockholders&rsquo; deficit of $1,874,000 as of that date. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company&rsquo;s
ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The ability of
the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the Company&rsquo;s ability to raise additional funds and implement
its business plan. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to
continue as a going concern.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At December 31, 2017,
the Company had cash on hand in the amount of $204,000. Management estimates that the current funds on hand will be sufficient
to continue operations through April 2018. Management is currently seeking additional funds, primarily through the issuance of
debt and equity securities for cash to operate our business, including without limitation the expenses it will incur in connection
with the license and research and development agreements with Temple University; costs associated with product development and
commercialization of the AOT technology; costs to manufacture and ship the products; costs to design and implement an effective
system of internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures; costs of maintaining our status as a public company by filing
periodic reports with the SEC and costs required to protect our intellectual property. In addition, as discussed below, the Company
has substantial contractual commitments, including without limitation, payment of license and other fees to Temple University,
salaries to our executive officers pursuant to employment agreements, certain payments to a former officer and consulting fees,
during the remainder of 2018 and beyond.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">No assurance can be
given that any future financing will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to the Company.
Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing, it may contain undue restrictions on our operations, in the case of
debt financing or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders in case of equity financing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.35in"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>2.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Consolidation Policy</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The accompanying consolidated
financial statements of QS Energy Inc. include the accounts of QS Energy Inc. (the Parent) and its wholly owned subsidiaries, QS
Energy Pool, Inc. and STWA Asia Pte. Limited. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Revenue Recognition Policy</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company leases
its primary technology, and recognizes lease revenue ratably over the life of the lease upon commencement of the lease. Revenue
on future product sales will be recognized upon meeting the following criteria: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery
has occurred or services rendered; the seller's price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Property and Equipment and Depreciation</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Property and equipment
are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets,
generally ranging from three to ten years. Expenditures for major renewals and improvements that extend the useful lives of property
and equipment are capitalized. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Leasehold improvements
are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Impairment of Long-lived Assets</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Our long-lived assets,
such as property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment at least annually, or when events and circumstances indicate that depreciable
or amortizable long-lived assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are
less than the carrying amount of those assets. When specific assets are determined to be unrecoverable, the cost basis of the asset
is reduced to reflect the current value.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We use various assumptions
in determining the current fair value of these assets, including future expected cash flows and discount rates, as well as other
fair value measures. Our impairment loss calculations require us to apply judgment in estimating future cash flows, including forecasting
useful lives of the assets and selecting the discount rate that reflects the risk inherent in future cash flows.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If actual results are
not consistent with our assumptions and judgments used in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values, we may be exposed
to future impairment losses that could be material to our results. Based upon management&rsquo;s annual review, no impairments
were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2017, and 2016.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Loss per Share</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Basic loss per share
is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during
the period. Diluted loss per share reflects the potential dilution, using the treasury stock method that could occur if securities
or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock
that then shared in the loss of the Company. In computing diluted loss per share, the treasury stock method assumes that outstanding
options and warrants are exercised, and the proceeds are used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period.
Options and warrants may have a dilutive effect under the treasury stock method only when the average market price of the common
stock during the period exceeds the exercise price of the options and warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For the years ended
December&nbsp;31, 2017 and 2016, the dilutive impact of outstanding stock options of 35,397,675 shares and 23,474,256 shares; outstanding
warrants of 17,622,437 shares and 11,446,892 shares; and notes convertible into 4,847,333 and 2,540,211 shares of our common stock,
respectively,&nbsp;have been excluded because their impact on the loss per share is anti-dilutive.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Income Taxes</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Income taxes are recognized
for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the
future tax consequences of transactions that have been recognized in the Company&rsquo;s consolidated financial statements or tax
returns. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or entire deferred tax asset will
not be realized.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Stock-Based Compensation</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company periodically
issues stock options and warrants to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for services and for financing
costs. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to employees based on the authoritative guidance
provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&ldquo;FASB&rdquo;) whereas the value of the award is measured on the date
of grant and recognized over the vesting period. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to
non-employees in accordance with the authoritative guidance of the FASB whereas the value of the stock compensation is based upon
the measurement date as determined at either a) the date at which a performance commitment is reached, or b) at the date at which
the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete. Non-employee stock-based compensation charges generally are
amortized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. In certain circumstances where there are no future performance requirements
by the non-employee, option grants are immediately vested and the total stock-based compensation charge is recorded in the period
of the measurement date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The fair value of the
Company's&nbsp;stock options and warrants grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model, which uses certain assumptions
related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility, expected life of the stock options or warrants, and future dividends.
Compensation expense is recorded based upon the value derived from the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model, and based on actual
experience. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model could materially affect compensation expense recorded
in future periods.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Estimates</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The preparation of
financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of
the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates
include those related to assumptions used in impairment analysis for property and equipment, valuing accruals and equity instruments
issued for services, realization of deferred tax assets, among others. Actual results could differ from those estimates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Fair Value of Financial Instruments</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Effective January 1,
2008, fair value measurements are determined by the Company's adoption of authoritative guidance issued by the FASB, with the exception
of the application of the statement to non-recurring, non-financial assets and liabilities as permitted. The adoption of the authoritative
guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's fair value measurements. Fair value is defined in the authoritative guidance
as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market
for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy
was established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into three broad levels as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Level&nbsp;1&mdash;Quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Level&nbsp;2&mdash;Inputs,
other than the quoted prices in active markets, are observable either directly or indirectly.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Level&nbsp;3&mdash;Unobservable
inputs based on the Company's assumptions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company is required
to use of observable market data if such data is available without undue cost and effort.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The carrying amounts
for cash, accounts payable, accrued expenses and convertible debentures approximate their fair value due to their short-term nature.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Research and Development Costs</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Costs incurred for
research and development are expensed as incurred. Purchased materials that do not have an alternative future use are also expensed.
Furthermore, costs incurred in the construction of prototypes with no certainty of any alternative future use and established commercial
uses are also expensed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For the years ended
December 31, 2017 and 2016 research and development costs were $243,000 and $279,000, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Patent Costs</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Patent costs consist
of patent-related legal and filing fees. Due to the uncertainty associated with the successful development of our AOT and Joule
Heat products, all patent costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, patent costs were
$45,000 and $64,000, respectively, and were included as part of operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements
of operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Recent Accounting Pronouncements</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In May 2014, the Financial
Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
ASU 2014-09 is a comprehensive revenue recognition standard that will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance
under current U.S. GAAP and replace it with a principle-based approach for determining revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09 will require
that companies recognize revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services as they occur in the contract. The ASU also
will require additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer
contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill
a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Entities will be able to
transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The Company
is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2014-09 on the Company&rsquo;s financial statements and disclosures but does
not believe adoption of this pronouncement will have a material effect, if any.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In February 2016, the
FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, <I>Leases</I>. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to record a right of use
asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. ASU 2016-02 is
effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. A modified
retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after,
the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available.
The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on the Company&rsquo;s financial statements and disclosures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In March 2016, the
FASB issued the ASU 2016-09, <I>Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)</I>: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment
Accounting. The amendments in this ASU require, among other things, that all income tax effects of awards be recognized in the
income statement when the awards vest or are settled. The ASU also allows for an employer to repurchase more of an employee's shares
than it can today for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting and allows for a policy election to account
for forfeitures as they occur. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including
interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for any entity in any interim or annual period. The Company
is currently evaluating the expected impact that the standard could have on its financial statements and related disclosures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Other recent accounting
pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants,
and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company's
present or future consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.35in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>3.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Accrued Expenses &ndash; Related Parties</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Accrued Expenses &ndash;
Related Parties consists of unpaid salaries and corresponding payroll taxes of officer&rsquo;s salaries, unused vacation of officers
and unpaid board and committee fees to members of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, total
accrued expenses &ndash; related parties amounted to $31,000 and $135,000, respectively. Included in these accruals are the unpaid
salaries to a former President and current member of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors of $0 and $15,000, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.35in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>4.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Property and Equipment</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At December&nbsp;31,
2017 and 2016, property and equipment consists of the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 66%; text-align: left">Office equipment</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">30,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">28,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Furniture and fixtures</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">5,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">3,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Testing equipment</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">37,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">18,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Leasehold Improvements</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">25,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD>Subtotal</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">97,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">49,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Less accumulated depreciation</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(51,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(32,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">46,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">17,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the year ended
December 31, 2016, the Company disposed of certain property and equipment with aggregate costs of $38,000 and accumulated depreciation
of $35,000 which resulted in a loss of $3,000. Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $19,000
and $7,000, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.35in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>5.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Convertible Notes and Warrants</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 66%; text-align: left">Convertible note</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">509,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">417,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">Interest</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">71,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">23,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD>Subtotal</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">580,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">440,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Convertible note discount</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(47,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(92,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">533,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">348,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the year ended
December 31, 2016, the Company issued convertible promissory notes in the aggregate of $1,587,000 for cash proceeds of
$1,418,000 and conversion of a deposit received from an investor in 2015 amounting to $25,000 and a discount of $144,000. The notes
do not bear any interest; however, the implied interest rate used was 10% since the notes were issued 10% less than its face value,
are unsecured, mature in twelve months from issuance and convertible at $0.10 per share. In addition, the Company also granted
these note holders warrants to purchase 7.9 million shares of the Company&rsquo; common stock. The warrants are fully vested, exercisable
at $0.10 per share and expire one year from the date of issuance. As a result, the Company recorded a note discount of $1,587,000
to account for the relative fair value of the warrants, the notes&rsquo; beneficial conversion factor (&ldquo;BCF&rdquo;) and original
issue discount (&ldquo;OID&rdquo;). The note discounts are amortized over the life of the notes or were amortized in full upon
the conversion of the corresponding notes to common stock. During 2016, a total of $1,491,000 of notes payable were converted into
14.9 million shares of common stock and amortized note discount of $1,596,000 was recorded as interest expense. As of December
31, 2016, total outstanding notes payable amounted to $417,000 and unamortized note discount of $92,000. During the year ended
December 31, 2016, the Company accrued interest of $21,000. As of December 31, 2016, total accrued interest amounted to $23,000
which was reported as part of convertible debentures in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the year ended
December 31, 2017, the Company issued similar convertible promissory notes in the aggregate of $1,616,000 for cash proceeds of
$1,469,000 and a discount of $147,000. The notes do not bear any interest; however, the implied interest rate used was 10% since
the notes were issued 10% less than its face value, are unsecured, mature in twelve months from issuance and convertible at $0.05
per share. In addition, the Company also granted these note holders warrants to purchase 16,160,770 shares of the Company&rsquo;
common stock. The warrants are fully vested, exercisable at $0.05 per share and expire one year from the date of issuance. As
a result, the Company recorded a note discount of $1,616,000 to account for the relative fair value of the warrants, the notes&rsquo;
BCF and OID. The note discounts are amortized over the life of the notes or were amortized in full upon the conversion of the
corresponding notes to common stock. During 2017, a total of $1,528,000 of notes payable were converted into 29,986,732 shares
of common stock and amortized note discount of $1,661,000 was recorded as interest expense. As of December 31, 2017, total outstanding
notes payable amounted to $509,000 which are due through June 2018 and unamortized note discount of $47,000. During the year ended
December 31, 2017, the Company accrued interest of $48,000. As of December 31, 2017, total accrued interest amounted to $71,000
which was reported as part of convertible debentures in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2017,
$380,600 of these notes are past due and the Company is currently in negotiations with the noteholders to settle the matured notes
payable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.35in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>6.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Research and Development</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company constructs,
develops and tests the AOT and Joule Heat technologies with internal resources and through the assistance of various third-party
entities. Costs incurred and expensed include fees such as license fees, U.S. Department of Energy testing fees, purchase of test
equipment, pipeline pumping equipment, crude oil tank batteries, viscometers, SCADA systems, computer equipment, payroll and other
related equipment and various logistical expenses for the purposes of evaluating and testing the Company&rsquo;s AOT prototypes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Costs incurred for
research and development are expensed as incurred. Purchased materials that do not have an alternative future use are also expensed.
Furthermore, costs incurred in the construction of prototypes with no certainty of any alternative future use and established
commercial uses are also expensed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For the years ended
December 31, 2017 and 2016, our research and development expenses were $243,000 and $279,000, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>AOT Prototypes</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the years ended
December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred total expenses of $53,000 and $64,000, respectively, in the manufacture and delivery
of the AOT prototype equipment under lease agreements. These expenses have been reflected as part of Research and Development expenses
on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Temple University
Licensing Agreement</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On August 1, 2011,
the Company and Temple University (&ldquo;Temple&rdquo;) entered into two (2) Exclusive License Agreements (collectively, the &ldquo;License
Agreements&rdquo;) relating to Temple&rsquo;s patent applications, patents and technical information pertaining to technology associated
with an electric and/or magnetic field assisted fuel injector system (the &ldquo;First Temple License&rdquo;), and to technology
to reduce crude oil viscosity (the &ldquo;Second Temple License&rdquo;). The License Agreements are exclusive, and the territory
licensed to the Company is worldwide and replace previously issued License Agreements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the two licensing agreements, the Company&nbsp;paid Temple a non-refundable license maintenance
fee of $300,000, and agreed to pay (i) annual maintenance fees of $187,500; (ii) royalty fee ranging from 4% up to 7% from revenues
generated from the licensing agreements; and (iii) 25% of all revenues generated from sub-licensees to secure or maintain the sub-license
or option thereon. The term of the licenses commenced in August 2011 and will expire upon expiration of the patents. The agreements
can also be terminated by either party upon notification under terms of the licensing agreements or if the Company ceases the development
of the patent or fails to commercialize the patent rights.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Total expenses recognized
during each year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 pursuant to these two agreements amounted to $187,500 each year and have been
reflected in Research and Development expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.&nbsp;In addition, the
Company also recognized penalty interest of $78,000 due to past due balance in the year ended December 31, 2016 which has been
reflected in Research and Development expenses.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of December 31,
2016, total unpaid fees due to Temple pursuant to these agreements amounted to $726,000, which are included as part of Accounts
Payable &ndash; licensing agreement in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In July 2017, the Company
and Temple amended the Second Temple License agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, the Company paid Temple $62,000 and Temple agreed
to defer payment of the remaining $135,000 in unpaid licensing fee until such time the Company generates revenues totaling $835,000
from the license. In addition, the unpaid balance of $135,000 will accrue interest of 9% per annum. As of December 31, 2017, all
amounts owed under the Second Temple License agreement are either current or deferred under terms of the amendment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of December 31,
2017, total unpaid fees due to Temple pursuant to these agreements are $842,000, which are included as part of Accounts Payable
&ndash; license agreements in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. With regards to the unpaid fees to Temple, a total
of $36,000 are current, $376,000 are deferred until such time the Company achieves a revenue milestone of $835,000 or upon termination
of the licensing agreements and the remaining $430,000 are deemed past due. The past due amount of $430,000 is owed pursuant to
the First Temple License. The Company is currently in negotiations with Temple to settle or cure the past due balance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company generated
$50,000 in revenue from the viscosity reduction license during the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2017. This amount is
not sufficient to be subject to additional license fees under the license agreement. No revenues were earned from the two license
agreements during the twelve-month period ended December 2016.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Temple University
Sponsored Research Agreement</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On March 19, 2012,
the Company entered into a Sponsored Research Agreement (&ldquo;Research Agreement&rdquo;) with Temple University (&ldquo;Temple&rdquo;),
whereby Temple, under the direction of Dr. Rongjia Tao, will perform ongoing research related to the Company&rsquo;s AOT device
(the &ldquo;Project&rdquo;), for the period April 1, 2012, through April 1, 2014. All rights and title to intellectual property
resulting from Temple&rsquo;s work related to the Project shall be subject to the Exclusive License Agreements between Temple and
the Company, dated August 1, 2011. In exchange for Temple&rsquo;s research efforts on the Project, the Company has agreed to pay&nbsp;Temple&nbsp;$500,000,
payable in quarterly installments of $62,500. The agreement expired in August 2015.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the year ended
December 31, 2016, Temple University provided a final invoice in the amount of $79,000 reconciling amounts invoiced against services
provided under the Research Agreement. The Company recognized a credit against the amount due under the Research Agreement in the
amount of $50,000, reducing the current payable from $129,000 to $79,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of December 31,
2017 and 2016, total unpaid fees due to Temple pursuant to this agreement amounted to $10,000 and $79,000, respectively, which
are included as part of Accounts Payable &ndash; license agreements in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.35in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>7.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Common Stock Transactions</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Year Ending December
31, 2017</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In August 2017, shareholders
approved an increase in authorized shares of common stock from 300,000,000 to 500,000,000, approved the creation of a new class
of preferred stock, and authorize the Company to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock. During the year ended December
31, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 35,031,881 shares of its common stock as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued 181,355 shares of its common stock upon the private sale of restricted common stock for cash proceeds of $38,000 at a purchase price of $.21 per share.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued 29,986,772 shares of its common stock upon the conversion of $1,528,000 in convertible notes pursuant to the convertible notes conversion prices of $0.05 to $0.48 per share.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued 4,414,000 shares of its common stock upon the exercise of warrants for proceeds of $359,000 at exercise prices of $0.05 to $0.10 per share.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued 449,754 shares of its common stock upon the exercise of options for proceeds of $37,000 at exercise prices of $0.07 to $0.13 per share.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Year Ending December
31, 2016</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">During the year ended
December 31, 2016, the Company issued an aggregate of 15,213,449 shares of its common stock as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company issued 14,913,449 shares of its common stock upon the conversion of $1,491,000 in convertible notes pursuant to the convertible notes conversion price of $0.10 per share.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company also issued 300,000 shares of common stock to consultants for services rendered with a fair value of $48,000 which is included as part of Operating Expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The shares were valued at the trading price at the date of issuance.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.35in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>8.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Stock Options and Warrants</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company periodically
issues stock options and warrants to employees and non-employees in capital raising transactions, for services and for financing
costs. Options and warrants vest and expire according to terms established at the grant date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Options</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Employee options vest
according to the terms of the specific grant and expire from 5 to 10&nbsp;years from date of grant. The weighted-average, remaining
contractual life of employee and Non-employee options outstanding at December 31, 2017 was 5.6&nbsp;years. Stock option activity
for the period January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017, was as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Options</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Weighted Avg.</B></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Exercise Price</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 66%">Options outstanding, January 1, 2016</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">21,535,148</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">0.20</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Options granted</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">2,250,527</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.46</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Options exercised</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Options cancelled</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(311,419</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">0.72</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD>Options outstanding, December 31, 2016</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">23,474,256</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.30</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Options granted</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">12,561,852</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.12</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Options exercised</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(449,754</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.05</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Options cancelled</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(188,679</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">0.53</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Options outstanding, December 31, 2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">35,397,675</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">0.23</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The weighted average
exercise prices, remaining contractual lives for options granted, exercisable, and expected to vest as of December&nbsp;31, 2017
were as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD COLSPAN="9" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Outstanding Options</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD COLSPAN="5" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Exercisable Options</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Option</P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Exercise Price</P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Per Share</P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Life</P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">(Years)</P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Weighted</P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Average Exercise</P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Price</P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Weighted</P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Average Exercise</P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Price</P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$ 0.05 - $ 0.99</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">35,247,229</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">5.6</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">0.22</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">31,147,229</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">0.22</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$ 1.00 - $ 1.99</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">150,446</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">5.6</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1.18</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">150,446</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">1.18</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">35,397,675</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">0.23</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">31,297,675</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">0.22</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of December 31,
2017, the market price of the Company&rsquo;s stock was $0.19 per share. At December 31, 2017 the aggregate intrinsic value of
the options outstanding was $1,174,000. Future unamortized compensation expense on the unvested outstanding options at December
31, 2017 is approximately $123,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Year Ending December
31, 2017</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From January through July 2017, the Company issued options to purchase a total of 12,561,852 shares of common stock to employees, officers and members of the Board of Directors with a fair value of $647,000 using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model. The options are exercisable from $0.07 up to $0.40 per share, vesting within one to three years and expiring in ten years from the date of grant. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized compensation costs of $761,000 based on options that vested.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company amortized $36,000 of compensation cost based on the vesting of the options granted to employees and directors in prior years.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Year Ending December
31, 2016</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From January through May 2016, the Company issued options to purchase a total of 2,250,527 shares of common stock to employees, officers and members of the Board of Directors with a fair value of $357,000 using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model. The options are exercisable from $0.18 up to $0.19 per share, vesting within one or two years and expiring in ten years from the date of grant. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized compensation costs of $316,000 based on options that vested.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company amortized $34,000 of compensation cost based on the vesting of the options granted to employees and directors in prior years.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Black-Scholes
Option Pricing</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company used the
following average assumptions in its calculation using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="7" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Years Ended</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2017</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 43%; text-align: left">Expected life (years)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5 &ndash; 6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">5.5</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Risk free interest rate</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.72 &ndash; 1.94%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.23 &ndash; 1.72%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> &nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD>Volatility</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">114 &ndash; 124%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">119 &ndash; 121%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Expected dividend yield</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0%</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">The assumptions used in the Black
Scholes models referred to above are based upon the following data: (1) the contractual life of the underlying non-employee options
is the expected life. The expected life of the employee option is estimated by considering the contractual term of the option,
the vesting period of the option, the employees&rsquo; expected exercise behavior and the post-vesting employee turnover rate.
(2) The expected stock price volatility was based upon the Company&rsquo;s historical stock price over the expected term of the
option. (3) The risk-free interest rate is based on published U.S. Treasury Department interest rates for the expected terms of
the underlying options. (4) The expected dividend yield was based on the fact that the Company has not paid dividends to common
shareholders in the past and does not expect to pay dividends to common shareholders in the future.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Warrants</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The following table
summarizes certain information about the Company&rsquo;s stock purchase warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Warrants</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Weighted Avg.</B></P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Exercise Price</B></P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 66%">Warrants outstanding, January 1, 2016</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">4,411,667</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">0.31</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Warrants granted</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">8,735,225</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.11</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Warrants exercised</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Warrants cancelled</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(1,700,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">0.30</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD>Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2016</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">11,446,892</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.15</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Warrants granted</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">16,160,770</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.05</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Warrants exercised</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(4,414,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">0.08</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Warrants cancelled</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(5,571,225</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">0.10</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">17,622,437</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">0.09</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At December 31, 2017
the price of the Company&rsquo;s common stock was $0.19 per share and the aggregate intrinsic value of the warrants outstanding
was $0. Future unamortized compensation expense on the unvested outstanding warrants at December 31, 2017 is approximately $2,041,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD COLSPAN="9" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Outstanding Warrants</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD COLSPAN="5" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Exercisable Warrants</B></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Warrant</P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Exercise Price</P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Per Share</P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Life</P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">(Years)</P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Weighted</P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Average Exercise</P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Price</P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Weighted</P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Average Exercise</P> <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Price</P></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$ 0.05 - $ 0.99</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">17,622,437</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">0.9</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">0.09</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">17,572,437</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">0.09</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">17,622,437</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">0.09</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">17,572,437</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">0.09</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B></B></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Year Ending December 31, 2017</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In January through May 2017, pursuant to terms of convertible notes issued, the Company granted warrants to purchase 16,160,770 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.05 per share, vesting immediately upon grant and expiring one year from the date of grant. See Note 5 for further discussion.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective May 2017, the Company amended the terms of a warrant issued in 2015, extending the expiration date of the warrant by twenty-four months with no changes to the other terms of the original grant. As a result, the Company recorded the incremental change in the fair value of this warrant before and after the date of the amendment of $90,000, computed using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model with the following assumptions: life of 1.5 years; exercise price of $0.30 per share; stock price of $0.24 per share, average risk-free interest rate of 1.70%; average volatility of 140% and dividend yield of 0%. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized an expense of $90,000 based on the fair value of the warrant as amended.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company amortized $1,000 of compensation cost based on the vesting of the warrants granted consultants in prior years.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Year Ending December 31, 2016</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In January through August 2016, pursuant to terms of convertible notes issued, the Company granted warrants to purchase 7,935,225 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.10 per share, vesting immediately upon grant and expiring one year from the date of grant. See Note 5 for further discussion.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In February through July 2016 the Company granted warrants to purchase 800,000 shares of common stock to consultants. The options are exercisable starting at $0.12 per share to $0.18 per share, 600,000 shares vested immediately and 200,000 shares over vest two years, and expire in one to three years from the date granted. The fair value of these warrants was computed using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model with the following assumptions: life of 1 year through 10 years; average stock price of $0.16 per share, average risk-free interest rate of 0.82%; average volatility of 110% and dividend yield of 0%. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized an expense of $59,000 based on the fair value of warrants that vested.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In May 2016, the Company amended the terms of a warrant issued in 2015, extending the expiration date of the warrant by twelve months with no changes to the other terms of the original grant. As a result, the Company recorded the incremental change in the fair value of this warrant before and after the date of the amendment of $32,000, computed using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model with the following assumptions: life of 1 year; stock price of $0.17 per share, average risk-free interest rate of 0.81%; average volatility of 97% and dividend yield of 0%. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized an expense of $32,000 based on the fair value of the warrant as amended.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company amortized $1,000 of compensation cost based on the vesting of the warrants granted to employees, directors and consultants in prior years.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.35in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>9.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Commitments and Contingencies</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">We are involved in
certain legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. Except for income tax contingencies,
we record accruals for contingencies to the extent that our management concludes that the occurrence is probable and that the related
amounts of loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred. There is
no current or pending litigation of any significance with the exception of the matters that have arisen under, and are being handled
in, the normal course of business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Leases</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On August 1, 2013,
the Company entered into a non-cancellable lease at a Santa Barbara Facility with a 5-year term, expiring July 31, 2018 at a monthly
rent of $6,000 as amended in February 2014. Effective May 1, 2016, the Company vacated the Santa Barbara Facility and subleased
the space through the term of the master lease, terminating July 31, 2018 at $4,500 per month. The Company subsequently terminated
both the master lease and sublease effective March 1, 2017.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In June 2016, the Company
relocated its Santa Barbara office to an office space located at 5266 Hollister Avenue, Suite 219, Santa Barbara, CA 93111, under
a twelve-month lease at a lease rate of $751 per month. The Company vacated the Hollister Avenue facility and terminated the lease
in August 2017.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In April 2017, the
Company relocated its headquarters to a Tomball Texas facility under a month-to-month lease at a monthly rent of $1,500.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Total rent expense
during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, was $20,000 and $45,000, respectively which are included as part of Operating
Expenses in the attached consolidated statements of operations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Contractual Commitments</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company&rsquo;s
contractual commitments for future periods, including office leases, minimum guaranteed compensation payments and other agreements
as described in the following table and associated footnotes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 75%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Year ending December 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Office Lease (1)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">License Agreements (2)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Compensation Agreements (3)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Total Obligations</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: center">2018</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: right">598,400</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: right">785,900</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">2019</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">149,600</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">337,100</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">2020</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: center">2021</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center">2022</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">187,500</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">937,500</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">748,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,685,500</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">___________________</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Company moved its headquarters to Tomball Texas under a month-to-month lease.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists of license&nbsp;maintenance fees to Temple University in the amount of $187,500 paid annually through the life of the underlying patents or until otherwise terminated by either party.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consists of base salary and certain contractually-provided benefits, to i) a former executive officer,
pursuant to an severance in the amount of $580,000 that will be paid through March 31, 2019 pursuant to a separation agreement
effective April 1, 2017; ii) an executive officer, pursuant to a two-year employment agreement effective April 1, 2017 at a base
annual salary of $150,000 per year; and iii) an executive officer, pursuant to a two-year agreement effective April 1, 2017 at
a base annual salary of $158,400 per year.</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>10.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Income Taxes</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company did not
provide any Federal and State income tax for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 due to the Company&rsquo;s net losses,
other than $1,600 for the minimum state tax provision which was reported as part of operating expense in the accompanying statements
of operations. A reconciliation of income taxes with the amounts computed at the statutory federal rate follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">December&nbsp;31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 66%; text-align: left">Computed tax provision (benefit) at federal statutory rate (34%)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">(546,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 13%; text-align: right">(593,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">State income taxes, net of federal benefit (8.84%)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(142,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(154,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Valuation allowance</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">689,600</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">748,600</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Income tax provision</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,600</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,600</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The deferred tax assets
and deferred tax liabilities recorded on the balance sheet are as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="6" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">December 31,</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2017</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2016</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 70%; text-align: left">Net operating loss carry forwards</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: right">14,746,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 11%; text-align: right">21,552,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Stock based compensation</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(249,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(181,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Non-cash interest and financing expenses</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(480,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(663,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">Other temporary differences</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(176,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right">(81,000</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Valuation allowance</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(13,841,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">(20,627,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">)</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total deferred taxes net of valuation allowance</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">&ndash;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of December 31,
2017, the Company had net operating losses available for carry forward for state and federal tax purposes of approximately $53
million expiring through 2037. These carry forward benefits will be subject to annual limitations due to the ownership change limitations
imposed by the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. The annual limitation, if imposed, may result in the expiration
of net operating losses before utilization.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">As of December 31,
2017, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $13,841,000 for its deferred tax assets since the Company believes that such
assets did not meet the more likely than not criteria to be recoverable through projected future profitable operations in the
foreseeable future. This valuation is based on the new federal corporate tax rate of 21% effective 2018 resulting in an effective
bended state and federal tax rate of 28%.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Effective January 1,
2007, the Company adopted FASB guidance that addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed
on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under this guidance, the Company may recognize the tax benefit
from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the
taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from
such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate
settlement. The FASB also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, accounting
in interim periods and requires increased disclosures. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company does not have a liability
for unrecognized tax benefits.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company files income
tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and the state of California. The Company is subject to U.S. federal or state income
tax examinations by tax authorities for years after 2002. During the periods open to examination, the Company has net operating
loss and tax credit carry forwards for U.S. federal and state tax purposes that have attributes from closed periods. Since these
net operating losses and tax credit carry forwards may be utilized in future periods, they remain subject to examination. The Company&rsquo;s
policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax provisions as income tax expense. As of December 31, 2017, the Company
has no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The Company believes that it has not taken any uncertain
tax positions that would impact its consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>11.</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Subsequent Events</B></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Grant of Stock Options </U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company granted
members of the Board of Directors stock options to purchase a total of 1,944,446 shares of common stock. The stock options vest
over one year, exercisable at $0.18 per share and will expire in 10 years. Total fair value of the stock options amounted to $292,000
which will be expensed over its vesting period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Issuance of Convertible Notes</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">From February
26, 2018, through March 31, 2018, the Company issued and sold to accredited US investors and non-U.S. investors an aggregate of
$314,000 Convertible Promissory Notes (the &ldquo;Notes&rdquo;) and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,959,375 shares of common
stock (the &ldquo;Warrants&rdquo;). The Company received proceeds from the closing of the private placement of $285,000, which
funds were used, and are being used, for general corporate purposes and working capital. Of the Notes issued, one Note was issued
to a current member of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors on in the amount of $44,000 convertible to 550,000 shares of common
stock and Warrants to purchase 275,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Notes are due twelve
(12) months from their respective issuance dates (the &ldquo;Maturity Date&rdquo;). The Notes do not bear interest and were issued
in the face amount equal to 110% of the purchasers&rsquo; commitments. The Notes are convertible into shares of the Company&rsquo;s
common stock at a rate of $0.08 per share. If the Notes are not paid in full by the Maturity Date, the balance remaining on the
Maturity Date shall be increased by 10% and the Company shall be required to pay interest at a rate of 10% per annum thereon until
all sums thereunder are paid in full.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Warrants are exercisable
into shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock for a term of one (1) year at an exercise price of $0.08 per share. The Warrants
also contain provisions that protect the holders against dilution by adjustment of the conversion price in certain events involving
a reduction or increase in the Company&rsquo;s shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The offering was made
to non-U.S investors and to U.S. &ldquo;accredited investors,&rdquo; as the term is defined in Regulation D under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;), and were made without general advertising or solicitation. The securities
sold in the offering were not registered under the Securities Act, or the securities laws of any state, and were offered and sold
in reliance on exemptions from registration including the exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities
Act and Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act, and corresponding provisions of state securities law, which, respectively,
exempt transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering or transactions with non-U.S. Investors.</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><B><U>Conversion of Convertible Notes</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In February and March
2018, the Company issued 935,000 shares of common stock upon conversion of previously issued convertible notes in aggregate value
of $72,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Exercise of Warrants</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In February and March
2018, the Company issued 935,000 shares of common stock upon the exercise of previously issued warrants for aggregate cash proceeds
of $46,750. On March 30, 2018, a member of the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors exercised a warrant to purchase 275,000 shares
of common stock which are scheduled to be issued on April 2, 2018 on proceeds of $22,000.</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Exercise of Options</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In February 2018, the
Company issued 179,710 shares of common stock to a Director of the Company upon the exercise of previously issued options for aggregate
cash proceeds of $12,580.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><U>Common
stock issued in exchange for services</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In March 2018, the
Company issued 50,000 shares of common stock in exchange for services in aggregate value of $12,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><A NAME="a33"></A>EXHIBITS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Exhibit No.</U></B></FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>Description</U></B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>10.126</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="qsenergy_10k-ex10126.htm">Securities Purchase Agreement</A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><A HREF="qsenergy_10k-ex021.htm">List of Subsidiaries</A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>24</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;<A HREF="#a26">Power of Attorney (included on Signature Page)</A></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="qsenergy_10k-ex3101.htm">Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Annual Report Pursuant to Rule&nbsp;13(a)&mdash;15(e) or Rule&nbsp;15(d)&mdash;15(e).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">31.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="qsenergy_10k-ex3102.htm">Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Annual Report Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section&nbsp;1350.</A></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32.0</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><A HREF="qsenergy_10k-ex3200.htm">Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Annual Report pursuant to Rule&nbsp;13(a)&mdash;15(e) or Rule&nbsp;15(d)&mdash;15(e).</A></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.INS</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XBRL Instance Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.SCH</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XBRL Schema Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.CAL</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.DEF</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XBRL Definition Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.LAB</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XBRL Label Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">101.PRE</FONT></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.126
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>qsenergy_10k-ex10126.htm
<DESCRIPTION>SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 10.126</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Convertible Promissory Notes</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>and Stock
Purchase Warrants</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt">THIS SECURITIES PURCHASE
AGREEMENT (this &ldquo;Agreement&rdquo;) is made and entered into as of _________, 2018, by and between QS Energy, Inc., a Nevada
corporation (the &ldquo;Issuer&rdquo;) and those individuals and entities who sign and deliver an executed copy of this Agreement
to the Issuer (each, a &ldquo;Purchaser&rdquo; and collectively, the &ldquo;Purchasers&rdquo;), with reference to the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">RECITALS</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt">A.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Purchasers desire to purchase from Issuer and Issuer desires to sell to Purchaser certain of Issuer&rsquo;s Convertible
Notes, in the aggregate face amount up to a maximum of Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000) in the form of <U>Exhibit A</U>
attached hereto (individually, a &ldquo;Note&rdquo; and collectively, the &ldquo;Notes&rdquo;), and certain of Issuer&rsquo;s Stock
Purchase Warrants to purchase up to a certain number of shares of the common stock (the &ldquo;Common Stock&rdquo;) of the Issuer
equal to 50% of the number of shares initially issuable on conversion of the Notes, in the form of <U>Exhibit B</U> attached hereto
(individually, the &ldquo;Warrants&rdquo; and collectively with the Notes, the &ldquo;Securities&rdquo;). The face amount of the
Note each Purchaser has committed to purchase, and the amount of the purchase price thereof to be paid to the Issuer by the Purchaser
(a &ldquo;Commitment&rdquo;) is listed on the signature page such Purchaser executes and delivers to the Issuer. Minimum Commitment
shall be no less than $10,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt">B.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Issuer&rsquo;s sale of the Securities to the Purchasers may be made in reliance upon the provisions of Section 4(a)(2) under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &quot;Securities Act&quot;) or Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated by the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the &rdquo;SEC&rdquo;) thereunder, or other applicable rules and regulations of the SEC or upon such other
exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act as may be available with respect to the transactions contemplated
hereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt">C.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>At any time when any amount of principal or interest of the Notes shall be outstanding, such unpaid amounts shall be convertible,
at the election of the Purchaser, into shares of the Issuer&rsquo;s Common Stock at a price of $0.08 per share (the &ldquo;Conversion
Price&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt">D.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Warrants shall be issued at the same time each Note is issued to the Purchaser hereunder and shall be exercisable at
$0.08 per share (the &ldquo;Exercise Price&rdquo;), for such number of shares equal to 50% of the result obtained by dividing
(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </FONT>the
face amount of the Notes issued simultaneously with the Warrant by (ii) the Conversion Price. The Warrants shall expire one (1)
year from the date of issuance thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">AGREEMENT</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt">NOW THEREFORE, in
consideration of the foregoing recitals, which shall be considered an integral part of this Agreement, the covenants and agreements
set forth hereafter, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the
Purchasers and the Issuer hereby agree as follows</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt">1.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Purchase of the Notes and Warrants.</U> On the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement and in
the Notes and Warrants, the Purchasers shall purchase from the Issuer and the Issuer shall sell to the Purchaser the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt">2.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Purchaser&rsquo;s Representations, Warranties and Covenants.</U> In order to induce the Issuer to sell and issue the
Securities to the Purchaser under one or more exemptions from registration under the Securities Act, the Purchasers, severally
and not jointly, represent and warrant to the Issuer, and covenant with the Issuer, that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>(i) Such Purchaser has the requisite power and authority to enter into and perform this Agreement, and each of the other
agreements entered into by the parties hereto in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (collectively,
the &quot;Transaction Documents&quot;), and to purchase the Securities in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents by the Purchaser and the consummation by it of the transactions
contemplated thereby have been duly and validly authorized by the Purchaser's organizational documents and no further consent or
authorization is required by the Purchaser.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Transaction Documents have been duly and validly executed and delivered by the Purchaser.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(iv)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Transaction Documents, and each of them, constitutes the valid and binding obligation of the Purchaser enforceable against
the Purchaser in accordance with their respective terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by general principles of
equity or applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation or similar laws relating to, or affecting
generally, the enforcement of creditors' rights and remedies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents by the Purchaser and the consummation by the Purchaser
of the transactions contemplated thereby will not conflict with or constitute a default under any agreement or instrument to which
the Purchaser is a party or by which the Purchaser is bound.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Purchaser is acquiring the Securities for investment for its own account, and not with a view toward distribution thereof,
and with no present intention of dividing its interest with others or reselling or otherwise transferring or disposing of all or
any portion of either the Notes or Warrants. The undersigned has not offered or sold a participation in this purchase of either
the Notes or Warrants, and will not offer or sell any interest therein. The Purchaser further acknowledges that the Purchaser does
not have in mind any sale of either the Notes or Warrants currently or after the passage of a fixed or determinable period of time
or upon the occurrence or non-occurrence of any predetermined events or consequence; and that it has no present or contemplated
agreement, undertaking, arrangement, obligation, indebtedness or commitment providing for or which is likely to compel a disposition
of either the Notes or Warrants and is not aware of any circumstances presently in existence that are likely in the future to prompt
a disposition thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Purchaser acknowledges that the Securities have been offered to it in direct communication between itself and the Issuer
and not through any advertisement, article, notice or other communication regarding the Securities published in any newspaper,
magazine or similar media or on the Internet or broadcast over television or radio or presented in any seminar or any other general
solicitation or general advertisement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Purchaser acknowledges that the Issuer has given it access to all information relating to the Issuer&rsquo;s business
that it has requested. The Purchaser has reviewed all materials relating to the Issuer's business, finance and operations which
it has requested and the Purchaser has reviewed all of such materials as the Purchaser, in the Purchaser&rsquo;s sole and absolute
discretion shall have deemed necessary or desirable. The Purchaser has had an opportunity ask questions of and to discuss the business,
management and financial affairs of the Issuer with the Issuer's management. Specifically but not by way of limitation, the Purchaser
acknowledges the Issuer&rsquo;s publicly available filings made periodically with the SEC, which filings are available at www.sec.gov
and which filings the Purchaser acknowledges reviewing or having had the opportunity of reviewing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Purchaser acknowledges that it has, by reason of its business and financial experience, knowledge, sophistication and
experience in financial and business matters and in making investment decisions of this type that it is capable of (i) evaluating
the merits and risks of an investment in the Securities and making an informed investment decision in connection therewith; (ii)
protecting its own interest; and (iii) bearing the economic risk of such investment for an indefinite period of time for Securities
which are not transferable or freely tradable. The undersigned hereby agrees to indemnify the Issuer thereof and to hold each of
such persons and entities, and the officers, directors and employees thereof harmless against all liability, costs or expenses
(including reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees) arising by reason of or in connection with any misrepresentation or any breach of
warranties of the undersigned contained in this Agreement, or arising as a result of the sale or distribution of the Securities
or the Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes or exercise of the Warrants, by the undersigned in violation of the Securities
Act, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;), or any other applicable law, either federal
or state. This subscription and the representations and warranties contained herein shall be binding upon the heirs, legal representatives,
successors and assigns of the Purchaser.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 74.5pt">(h)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Purchaser is familiar with the definition of an &quot;accredited investor&quot; as that term is defined in Rule 501(a)
of Regulation D of the Securities Act and represents and warrants to the Issuer that it is either (i) an accredited investor at
such time it was offered the Securities and will be on each date which it converts any of the Notes or exercises any of the Warrants
as so defined or (ii) a &ldquo;qualified institutional buyer&rdquo; as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act. Such Purchaser
is not required to be registered as a broker-dealer under Section 15 of the Exchange act. If the Purchaser is not a resident of
the United States, the Purchaser is not a &ldquo;U.S. person[s]&rdquo; as that term is defined in Rule 902 of Regulation S promulgated
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 74.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 74.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 74.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 74.5pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 74.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>During the term of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, the Purchaser will comply with the provisions of
Section 9 of the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, with respect to transactions involving the
Common Stock. Commencing on the date on which the Purchaser received a term sheet from the Company or any representative or agent
of the Company (written or oral) setting forth the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder until the date hereof
and during the term of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, the Purchaser agrees not to sell the Issuer's Common
Stock short or engage in any hedging transactions in the Issuer&rsquo;s Common Stock, either directly or indirectly, through its
affiliates, principals, agents or advisors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(j)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Purchaser is aware that the Notes and the Warrants, and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes
or exercise of the Warrants are restricted securities as defined under federal securities laws and are not freely tradeable and
may only be disposed of in compliance with state and federal securities laws. In connection with any transfer of the Notes and
the Warrants, and the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes or exercise of the Warrants, other than pursuant
to an effective registration statement or Rule 144, the Issuer may require the transferor thereof to provide to the Issuer an opinion
of counsel, the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Issuer, to the effect that such transfer
does not require registration of such transferred Securities under the Securities Act. Further, the Purchaser understands and acknowledges
that any certificates evidencing the Notes, the Warrants or the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes or
exercise of the Warrants will be restricted securities and not freely tradeable and will bear the legend in substantially the following
form:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">THE SECURITIES EVIDENCED BY THIS CERTIFICATE
HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR QUALIFIED FOR SALE UNDER ANY STATE SECURITIES LAWS (COLLECTIVELY,
&ldquo;SECURITIES LAWS&rdquo;) AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED UNLESS REGISTERED OR QUALIFIED FOR SALE UNDER
ALL APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS OR UNLESS, IN THE OPINION OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY TO THE ISSUER, IN FORM AND SUBSTANCE SATISFACTORY
TO THE ISSUER, ANY SUCH OFFER, SALE OR OTHER TRANSFER IS EXEMPT FROM THE REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS OF SUCH SECURITIES
LAWS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(k)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Purchaser understands and acknowledges that following the purchase of the Notes, the Warrants and any shares of Common
Stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes or exercise of the Warrants, each may only be disposed of pursuant to either (i) an
effective registration statement under the Securities Act or (ii) an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities
Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(l)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Purchaser understands and acknowledges that the Issuer has neither filed a registration statement with the SEC or any
state authorities nor agreed to do so, nor contemplates doing so in the future for the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
or the other Transaction Documents, and in the absence of such a registration statement or exemption, the undersigned may have
to hold the Notes, the Warrants and any shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes or exercise of the Warrants,
indefinitely and may be unable to liquidate any of them in case of an emergency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(m)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Purchaser is purchasing the Notes and Warrants, and will acquire any shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion
of the Notes or exercise of the Warrants, for its own account for investment purposes and not with a view towards distribution
and agrees to resell or otherwise dispose of any of the Notes or the Warrants, or any shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion
of the Notes or exercise of the Warrants, in accordance with the registration provisions of the Securities Act (or pursuant to
an exemption from such registration provisions).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(n)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Purchaser is not and will not be required to be registered as a &quot;dealer&quot; under the Exchange Act, either as
a result of its execution and performance of its obligations under this Agreement or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(o)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Purchaser understands and acknowledges that proceeds raised in connection with this Agreement will be used by Issuer
for general working capital purposes, including without limitation, the payment of salaries and professional fees, overhead and
general administrative expenses.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(p)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Purchaser understands that it is liable for its own tax liabilities and has obtained no tax advice from the Issuer in
connection with the purchase of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(q)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Purchaser will not pay or receive any finder&rsquo;s fee or commission in respect of the consummation of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(r)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Purchaser hereby agrees and acknowledges that it has been informed of the following: (i) there are factors relating to the
subsequent transfer of any of the Securities or shares of Common Stock underlying the Notes and Warrants that could make the resale
of such Securities or shares of Common Stock underlying the Notes and Warrants difficult; and (ii) there is no guarantee that the
Purchaser will realize any gain from the purchase of the Securities. The purchase of the Securities involves a high degree of risk
and is subject to many uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties may adversely affect the Company&rsquo;s business, operating
results and financial condition. In such an event, the trading price for the Common Stock could decline substantially and Purchaser
could lose all or part of its investment. Purchaser is urged to review the risks identified under the Risk Factors section of Issuer&rsquo;s
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, as filed with the SEC on March&nbsp;31, 2017.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(s)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Purchaser understands and acknowledges that the Notes have an implied annual interest rate of 10%, inasmuch as the Notes
will be issued and paid in an amount equal to 110% of the Commitment, except that if a Note is not paid on the Maturity Date, which
is twelve (12) months from the date of issue of the Note, then the balance of the unpaid amount of the Note shall be increased
by 10% and the Issuer shall then commence paying interest thereon at the rate of 10% per annum until all sums due under the Note
are paid.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt">3.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<U>Issuer&rsquo;s Representations, Warranties and Covenants.</U> The Issuer represents and warrants to the Purchaser that:</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Issuer is a corporation duly organized and validly existing in good standing under the laws of the State of Nevada,
and has the requisite corporate power and authorization to own its properties and to carry on its business as now being conducted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Issuer has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and perform this Agreement, and each of the
other agreements entered into by the parties hereto in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents,
and to issue the Notes and Warrants in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents by the Issuer and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated
hereby and thereby, including without limitation the reservation for issuance and the issuance of the Notes and Warrants pursuant
to this Agreement, have been duly and validly authorized by the Issuer's Board of Directors and no further consent or authorization
is required by the Issuer, its Board of Directors, or its shareholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"> (iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 The Transaction Documents have been duly and validly executed and delivered by the Issuer.</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(iv)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Transaction Documents, and each of them, constitutes the valid and binding obligation of the Issuer enforceable against
the Issuer in accordance with their respective terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by general principles of equity
or applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation or similar laws relating to, or affecting generally,
the enforcement of creditors' rights and remedies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents by the Issuer and the consummation by the Issuer of
the transactions contemplated thereby will not conflict with or constitute a default under any agreement or instrument to which
the Issuer is a party or under any organizational documents of the Purchaser.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt"> 4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 <U>Closing and Deliverables.</U></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Subject to the provisions of Section 4(b) below, provided that the Issuer shall have received on or prior to March 31, 2018
copies of this Agreement executed by Purchaser, there shall be a closing or closings (each, a &ldquo;Closing Date&rdquo;) at which:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in; text-align: justify">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Purchaser shall deliver to the Issuer immediately available funds, by check or by wire transfer (bank wiring instructions
to be provided by Issuer on request) in an amount equal to the amount of the Purchaser&rsquo;s Commitment as set forth beside
the name of the Purchaser on the Purchaser&rsquo;s signature page hereto. Funds paid to Issuer under this Agreement will be deposited
in Issuer&rsquo;s operating account and used as working capital.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.5in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Issuer shall deliver to the Purchaser (x) a Note, in the face amount equal to 110% of the Purchaser&rsquo;s Commitment
and (y) a Warrant to purchase the exercisable amount of the Issuer&rsquo;s Common Stock at the Exercise Price. The Note and Warrant
will be dated as of the Closing Date, as such date may be extended by us.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Issuer may continue to accept Commitments from Purchasers and issue and sell Securities to Purchasers at Closings on
the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement until (i) the aggregate amount of the Commitments equals $500,000
or (ii) on or before March 31, 2018, whichever shall first occur.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt"> 5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  <U>Miscellaneous.</U></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 Each party shall
pay the fees and expenses of its own advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred
by such party incident to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of the Transactions Documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>This Agreement may be executed in two or more identical counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same
agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party; provided
that a facsimile signature or signature transmitted by e-mail shall be considered due execution and shall be binding upon the signatory
thereto with the same force and effect as if the signature were an original signature.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The headings of this Agreement are for convenience of reference and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation
of, this Agreement. Whenever required by the context of this Agreement, the singular shall include the plural and neutral shall
include the masculine and feminine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>If any provision of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability
shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of this Agreement in that jurisdiction or the validity or enforceability
of any provision of this Agreement in any other jurisdiction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>This Agreement and the Notes and Warrants represent the final agreement between the Purchasers and the Issuer with respect
to the terms and conditions set forth herein, and, the terms of this Agreement and the Notes and Warrants may not be contradicted
by evidence of prior, contemporaneous, or subsequent oral agreements of the parties. No provision of this Agreement and the Notes
and Warrants may be amended other than by an instrument in writing signed by the Purchaser and the Issuer, and no provision hereof
or thereof may be waived other than by an instrument in writing signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Any notices or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement must be in writing
and will be deemed to have been delivered (i) upon receipt, when delivered personally; (ii) upon receipt, when sent by facsimile
(provided confirmation of transmission is mechanically or electronically generated and kept on file by the sending party); or (iii)
one (1) day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, in each case properly addressed to the party
to receive the same. The addresses and facsimile numbers for such communications shall be:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If to the Issuer:</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">QS Energy, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">23902 FM 2978</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Tomball, TX 77375</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Telephone: (281) 738-1893</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Fax: (281) 738-5366</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">If to a Purchaser:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">To the address set forth on the Purchaser&rsquo;s signature
page hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Each party shall provide five (5) days prior written notice
to the other party of any change in address or facsimile number.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"> (g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
This Agreement may not be assigned by Purchaser.</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(h)<FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof
be enforced by, any other person.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The representations and warranties of the Purchaser and the Issuer contained herein shall survive each of the Closings and
the termination of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(j)<FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Purchaser and the Issuer shall consult with each other in issuing any press releases or otherwise making public statements
with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, except that no consultation shall be required if such disclosure is required
by law or the rules and regulations of the SEC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(k)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 Each party shall
do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute and deliver all such other
agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as the other party may reasonably request in order to carry out the intent
and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents and the consummation of the transactions contemplated
hereby and thereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(l)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent,
and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party, as the parties mutually agree that each has had a full and
fair opportunity to review this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents and seek the advice of counsel on it and them.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(m)<FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Purchaser and the Issuer each shall have all rights and remedies set forth in this Agreement and all rights and remedies
which such holders have been granted at any time under any other agreement or contract and all of the rights which the Purchaser
has by law. Any person having any rights under any provision of this Agreement shall be entitled to enforce such rights specifically
(without posting a bond or other security), to recover damages by reason of any default or breach of any provision of this Agreement,
including the recovery of reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and costs, and to exercise all other rights granted by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(n)<FONT STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California applicable to contracts
made and to be performed wholly within such state.</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt">[remainder of page intentionally left blank]</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF
the Purchasers and the Issuer have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>THE ISSUER</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">By: <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Jason
Lane</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Its: &nbsp;Chief Executive Officer</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><U>THE PURCHASER</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 45%">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">_______________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Name (signature)</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">_______________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Amount of Commitment</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">(U.S. Dollars)</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">_______________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Print Name</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">_______________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Date</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">_______________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Address</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">_______________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Address</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">_______________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Phone Number</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">_______________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Fax Number</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">_______________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Social Security Number</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">_______________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">E-mail Address</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.5in"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt"><B>EXHIBIT
A</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B></B></P>

<HR NOSHADE SIZE="1" STYLE="color: Black; width: 100%; margin-top: 3pt; margin-bottom: 3pt">
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>CONVERTIBLE NOTE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>THE SECURITIES EVIDENCED BY THIS
NOTE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR QUALIFIED FOR SALE UNDER ANY STATE SECURITIES LAWS
(COLLECTIVELY, &ldquo;SECURITIES LAWS&rdquo;) AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED UNLESS REGISTERED OR QUALIFIED
FOR SALE UNDER ALL APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS OR UNLESS, IN THE OPINION OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY TO THE ISSUER, IN FORM AND SUBSTANCE
SATISFACTORY TO THE ISSUER, ANY SUCH OFFER, SALE OR OTHER TRANSFER IS EXEMPT FROM THE REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
OF SUCH SECURITIES LAWS.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$__________</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">_____________, 2018 </FONT>(&ldquo;Issuance Date&rdquo;)</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">FOR VALUE RECEIVED,
<B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B>, a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Nevada (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), promises to
pay to the order of ____________________________ &ldquo;Investor&rdquo;, as that term is defined on the Acknowledgement and Acceptance
page of this Convertible Note (&ldquo;Note&rdquo;) (hereafter, together with any subsequent holder hereof, called &ldquo;Holder&rdquo;),
at &ldquo;Investor&rsquo;s Address,&rdquo; as that term is set forth on such page or at such other place as Holder may direct,
the amount noted above, payable in full Twelve (12) Months from the Issuance Date (the &ldquo;Maturity Date&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If this Note is not
paid in full on or prior to the Maturity Date the remaining balance shall be increased by 10% and the Company shall pay interest
thereon at the rate of 10% per annum until all sums due hereunder are paid in full.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Payments of both principal
and interest will be made in immediately available funds in lawful money of the United States of America to the Holder at the Investor&rsquo;s
Address.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Note is subject
to the following additional provisions:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">1. The Company shall
be entitled to withhold from all payments of principal and/or interest of this Note any amounts required to be withheld under the
applicable provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or other applicable laws at the time of such payments.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">2.&nbsp;This Note has
been issued subject to representations, warranties and covenants of the original Holder hereof as contained in that certain Securities
Purchase Agreement (&ldquo;Agreement&rdquo;) of even date herewith, and subject to all restrictions, terms, conditions and disclosures
in the Agreement, and may be transferred or exchanged only in compliance with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and applicable
state and other securities laws. Prior to the due presentment for such transfer of this Note, the Company and any agent of the
Company may treat the person in whose name this Note is duly registered on the Company's Note register as the owner hereof for
the purpose of receiving payment as herein provided and all other purposes, whether or not this Note is overdue, and neither the
Company nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary. The transferee shall be bound, as the original Holder,
by the same representations and terms described herein and under the Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">3.&nbsp;The Holder
may, at such Holder&rsquo;s option, at any time while any sums are outstanding and unpaid hereunder, convert the then-outstanding
principal amount of this Note or any portion thereof, and any interest and any penalties accrued and unpaid thereon (the &ldquo;Conversion
Amount&rdquo;), into a number shares of fully paid and nonassessable Common Stock of the Company (the &ldquo;Conversion Shares&rdquo;)
pursuant to the following formula: the Conversion Amount divided by $0.08 (the &ldquo;Conversion Price&rdquo;). The Holder may
exercise the right to convert all or any portion of the Conversion Amount by delivering to the Company (i) an executed and completed
notice of conversion in the form attached to this Note (the &quot;Notice of Conversion&quot;) to the Company and (ii) this Note.
The business day on which a Notice of Conversion and this Note are delivered to the Company in accordance with the provisions hereof
shall be deemed a &quot;Conversion Date.&rdquo; The Company will transmit the certificates representing Conversion Shares issuable
upon such conversion of this Note to the Holder via express courier within a reasonable time after the Conversion Date. No fractional
shares shall be issued upon conversion of this Note. The amount of any of the Conversion Amount which is less than a whole share
of Common Stock shall be paid to the Holder in cash. Any delay due to such circumstance shall not be an event of default under
this Note.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">4. The principal amount
of this Note, and any accrued interest thereon, shall be reduced as per that principal amount indicated on the Notice of Conversion
upon the proper receipt by the Holder of such Conversion Shares due upon such Notice of Conversion.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">5.&nbsp;The number
of Conversion Shares shall be adjusted as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 72.35pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 72.35pt">a.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If the Company
shall at any time after the Issuance Date subdivide its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a greater number of shares of Common
Stock, the number of Conversion Shares in effect immediately prior to such subdivision shall be proportionately increased, and
conversely, in case the outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be combined into a smaller number of shares of Common Stock, the
Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such combination shall be proportionately reduced.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">b.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the Company shall at any time or from time to time after the Issuance Date makes, or fixes a record date for the determination
of holders of Common Stock entitled to receive, a dividend or other distribution payable in additional shares of Common Stock,
then and in each such event the number of Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion of this Note shall be proportionately increased;
provided, however, that if such record date is fixed and such dividend is not fully paid, or if such distribution is not fully
made on the date fixed therefor, the number of Conversion Shares shall be recomputed to reflect that such dividend was not fully
paid or that such distribution was not fully made.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">c.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
Company at any time or from time to time after the Issuance Date makes, or fixes a record date for the determination of holders
of Common Stock entitled to receive, a dividend or other distribution payable in securities of Company other than shares of Common
Stock, then and in each such event provision shall be made so that Holder shall receive upon exercise of the conversion right of
this Note, in addition to the number of shares of Common Stock receivable thereupon, the amount of securities of Company which
Holder would have received had the Conversion Amount of this Note been exercised on the date of such event and had it thereafter,
during the period from the date of such event to and including the date of conversion or purchase, retained such securities receivable
during such period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">d.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If
the Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of this Note or option to purchase is changed into the same or a different number
of shares of any class or classes of stock, whether by recapitalization, reclassification or otherwise (other than a transaction
described elsewhere in Section 5 of this Note), then, and in any such event, each Holder shall have the right thereafter, upon
conversion of this Note or purchase pursuant to option to receive the kind and amount of stock and other securities and property
receivable upon such reorganization or other change, in an amount equal to the amount that Holder would have been entitled to had
it immediately prior to such reorganization, reclassification or change converted this Note, but only to the extent this Note is
actually converted, all subject to further adjustment as provided herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">6.&nbsp;No provision
of this Note shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, upon an Event of Default
(as defined below), to pay the principal of, and interest on this Note at the place, time, and rate, and in the coin or currency
herein prescribed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 72.35pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">a.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Events of Default.
Each of the following occurrences is hereby defined as an &ldquo;Event of Default:&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 72.35pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.2in"><U>Nonpayment</U>.
The Company shall fail to make any payment of principal, interest, or other amounts payable hereunder when and as due; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.2in"><U>Dissolutions,
etc</U>. The Company or any subsidiary shall fail to comply with any provision concerning its existence or any prohibition against
dissolution, liquidation, merger, consolidation or sale of assets; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.2in"><U>Noncompliance
with this Agreement</U>. The Company shall fail to comply in any material respect with any provision hereof, which failure does
not otherwise constitute an Event of Default; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.2in"><U>Insolvency</U>.
The institution of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or liquidation proceedings or other proceedings for relief under any
bankruptcy law or any law for the relief of debtors shall be instituted by or against Company, which proceedings shall not have
been vacated by appropriate court order within sixty (60) days of such institution.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If one or more &quot;Events
of Default&quot; shall occur, then, or at any time thereafter, and in each and every such case, unless such Event of Default shall
have been waived in writing by the Holder (which waiver shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any subsequent default) or cured
as provided herein, at the option of the Holder, and in the Holder's sole discretion, the Holder may elect to consider this Note
(and all interest through such date) immediately due and payable. In order to so elect, the Holder must deliver written notice
of the election and the amount due to the Company via certified mail, return receipt requested, at the Company&rsquo;s address
as set forth herein (or any other address provided to the Holder), and thereafter the Company shall have thirty (30) business days
upon receipt to cure the Event of Default or pay this Note, or convert the amount due on the Note pursuant to the conversion formula
set forth above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">7.&nbsp;In case any
provision of this Note is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be excessive in scope or otherwise invalid or unenforceable,
such provision shall be adjusted rather than voided, if possible, so that it is enforceable to the maximum extent possible, and
the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Note will not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">8. This Note does not
entitle the Holder hereof to any voting rights or other rights as a shareholder of the Company prior to the conversion into Common
Stock thereof, except as provided by applicable law. If, however, at the time of the surrender of this Note and conversion the
Holder hereof shall be entitled to convert this Note, the Conversion Shares so issued shall be and be deemed to be issued to such
holder as the record owner of such shares as of the close of business on the Conversion Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">9. The Holder shall
pay all issue and transfer taxes and other incidental expenses in respect of the issuance of certificates for Conversion Shares
upon the conversion of this Note, and such certificates shall be issued in the name of the Holder of this Note.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">10. This Note may be
prepaid in whole or in part at any time or from time to time without premium or penalty upon 10 days&rsquo; prior written notice
from the Company to the Holder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">11. Upon receipt by
the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Note, and in case of
loss, theft or destruction of this Note, upon delivery of an indemnity agreement or security reasonably satisfactory in form and
amount to the Company or, in the case of any such mutilation, upon surrender and cancellation of such Note, and upon reimbursement
to the Company of all reasonable expenses incidental thereto, the Company will make and deliver to the Holder, in lieu thereof,
a new Note in substantially identical form.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">12. If
the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall be a Saturday
or a Sunday or shall be a legal holiday in the United States or the State of California, then such action may be taken or such
right may be exercised on the next succeeding business day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">13. (a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This Note
shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California applicable to contracts made and to be
performed wholly within such state.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as
otherwise provided herein, any notice or demand which, by the provisions hereof, is required or which may be given to or served
upon the parties hereto shall be in writing and, if by e-mail or facsimile transmission, shall be deemed to have been validly served,
given or delivered when sent, and if by personal delivery, shall be deemed to have been validly served, given or delivered upon
actual delivery and, if mailed, shall be deemed to have been validly served, given or delivered three (3) business days after deposit
in the United States mails, as registered or certified mail, with proper postage prepaid and addressed to the party or parties
to be notified.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Holder acknowledges that the Conversion Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Note will have restrictions upon its resale imposed
by state and federal securities laws, together with other restrictions, terms, conditions and disclosures as fully set forth in
the Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With
regard to any power, remedy or right provided herein or otherwise available to any party hereunder (i) no waiver or extension of
time shall be effective unless expressly contained in a writing signed by the waiving party; and (ii) no alteration, modification
or impairment shall be implied by reason of any previous waiver, extension of time, delay or omission in exercise, or other indulgence.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
This Note may not be amended, altered or modified except by a writing signed by the Company and the Holder.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused
this Convertible Note to be duly executed by an officer thereunto duly authorized.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>23902 FM 2978</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Tomball, TX 77375</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">By: <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">Name: Jason
Lane</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Title: &nbsp;Chief Executive Officer</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>ACKNOWLEDGED AND ACCEPTED:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">_______________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Investor Name (Signature)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">_______________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Print Name</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">_______________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">_______________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Investor Address</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">_______________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>NOTICE OF EXERCISE OF CONVERSION RIGHT
</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">TO:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Company Name)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
undersigned hereby elects to convert $______________ of the attached Note into ______________ shares of Common Stock (the &quot;Shares&quot;)
of QS Energy, Inc. (&ldquo;Company&rdquo;) pursuant to the terms of the attached Note.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Please
issue a certificate or certificates representing the Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified
below:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 34%">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">_______________________________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Print Name)</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Address:</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">_______________________________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">_______________________________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">_______________________________________________</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 33%; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">(3)&nbsp;The Company shall issue the Shares
electronically through its transfer agent by means of a direct registration system (&ldquo;DRS&rdquo;)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><SUP>[1]</SUP></FONT>.
Physical stock certificates will be issued upon written request subject to shipping cost paid by holder of the Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">(4) The undersigned confirms that the Shares
are being acquired for the account of the undersigned for investment only and not with a view to, or for resale in connection with,
the distribution thereof and that the undersigned has no present intention of distributing or selling the Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; text-align: justify">(5)&nbsp;The undersigned accepts such shares
subject to the restrictions on transfer and other terms, conditions and disclosures set forth in the attached Note and set forth
in that certain Securities Purchase Agreement between the Company and the undersigned dated as of the date of the attached Note.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">__________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(Date)</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">__________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(Signature)</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">__________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(Print Name)</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="LEFT" STYLE="margin-top: 3pt; margin-bottom: 3pt"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 25%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><SUP>[1]</SUP>
The Company&rsquo;s transfer agent, Nevada Agency and Transfer Company (&ldquo;NATCO&rdquo;) is a participant in the Depository
Trust Company&rsquo;s FAST program. The FAST program allows NATCO to provide DWAC (deposit/withdrawal at custodian) and DRS (direct
registration system) services to the Company and its shareholders. This eliminates the risk of lost certificates and courier fees
by providing electronic transfers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.5in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt">&nbsp;</DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 2.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 0.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12pt"><B>EXHIBIT
B</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>THIS WARRANT AND ANY SHARES ISSUED
UPON ITS EXERCISE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF </I>1933, <I>AS AMENDED (THE &quot;ACT&quot;), AND HAVE
BEEN ACQUIRED FOR INVESTMENT AND NOT WITH VIEW TO, OR IN CONNECTION WITH, THE SALE OR DISTRIBUTION THEREOF. NO SUCH SALE OR DISPOSITION
OF ANY SHARES ISSUED UPON EXERCISE HEREOF MAY BE AFFECTED WITHOUT AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN OPINION
OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY IN FORM AND SUBSTANCE TO THE COMPANY THAT SUCH REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER THE ACT. THE TRANSFER
OF THIS WARRANT IS RESTRICTED AS SET FORTH HEREIN.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">No. ______</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">______________, 2018</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>QS ENERGY, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>WARRANT TO PURCHASE COMMON STOCK</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">VOID AFTER 5:00 P.M. (Pacific Time) ON
______________, 2018</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.2pt">THIS CERTIFIES that,
for the value received, the holder identified on the last page of this Warrant __________________________ (the &quot;Holder&quot;)
is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after the date of this Warrant
and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. P.S.T. on the first anniversary of the date of this Warrant (the &quot;Expiration Time&quot;), but
not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase, from QS ENERGY, INC., a Nevada corporation (the &quot;Company&quot;), up to ________________
(#) shares of the Company's Common Stock (the &quot;Shares&quot;) at a purchase price per share equal to $0.08 (the &quot;Exercise
Price&quot;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.2pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.45pt">1. <U>Exercise
of Warrant.</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The purchase rights represented
by this Warrant are exercisable by the Holder, in whole or in part, at any time after the date of this Warrant and before the Expiration
Time by the surrender of this Warrant and the Notice of Exercise annexed hereto duly executed at the office of the Company, in
Tomball, Texas (or such other office or agency of the Company as it may designate by notice in writing to the Holder at the address
of the Holder appearing on the books of the Company), and upon payment of an amount equal to the aggregate Exercise Price for the
number of Shares thereby purchased (by cash or by check or certified bank check payable to the order of the Company in an amount
equal to the purchase price of the shares thereby purchased); whereupon the Holder shall be entitled to receive a stock certificate
representing the number of Shares so purchased. The Company agrees that if at the time of the surrender of this Warrant and purchase
of the Shares, and the Holder shall be entitled to exercise this Warrant, the Shares so purchased shall be and be deemed to be
issued to such holder as the record owner of such Shares as of the close of business on the date on which this Warrant shall have
been exercised as aforesaid.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Upon partial exercise
of this Warrant, the Holder shall be entitled to receive from the Company a new Warrant in substantially identical form for the
purchase of that number of Shares as to which this Warrant shall not have been exercised. Certificates for Shares purchased hereunder
shall be delivered to the Holder within a reasonable time after the date on which this Warrant shall have been exercised as aforesaid.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.45pt">2. <U>No Fractional
Shares or Scrip.</U> No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant.
With respect to any fraction of a share called for upon the exercise of this Warrant, an amount equal to such fraction multiplied
by the Exercise Price shall be paid in cash to the Holder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.2pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.2pt">3. <U>Charges, Taxes
and Expenses.</U> The Holder shall pay all issue and transfer taxes and other incidental expenses in respect of the issuance of
certificates for Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant, and such certificates shall be issued in the name of the Holder of this
Warrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.75pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.75pt">4. <U>No Rights as
a Stockholder.</U> This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights or other rights as a stockholder of the Company
prior to the exercise hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.75pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.75pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.75pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.75pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.75pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.75pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.95pt">5. <U>Loss, Theft,
Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant.</U> Upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft,
destruction or mutilation of this Warrant, and in case of loss, theft or destruction of this Warrant, upon delivery of an indemnity
agreement or security reasonably satisfactory in form and amount to the Company or, in the case of any such mutilation, upon surrender
and cancellation of such Warrant, and upon reimbursement to the Company of all reasonable expenses incidental thereto, the Company
will make and deliver to the Holder, in lieu thereof, a new Warrant in substantially identical form and dated as of such cancellation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.95pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.45pt">6. <U>Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays, etc.</U> If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or
granted herein shall be a Saturday or a Sunday or shall be a legal holiday in the United States or the State of California, then
such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.45pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">7. <U>Merger, Reclassification,
etc</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a) <U>Merger, etc.</U>
If at any time the Company proposes (A) the acquisition of the Company by another entity by means of any transaction or series
of related transactions (including, without limitation, any reorganization, merger, consolidation or stock issuance) that results
in the transfer of fifty percent (50%) or more of the then outstanding voting power of the Company; or (B) a sale of all or substantially
all of the assets of the Company, then the Company shall give the Holder ten (10) days notice of the proposed effective date of
the transaction. If, in the case of such acquisition of the Company, and the Warrant has not been exercised by the effective date
of the transaction, this Warrant shall be exercisable into the kind and number of shares of stock or other securities or property
of the Company or of the entity resulting from such merger or acquisition to which such Holder would have been entitled if immediately
prior to such acquisition or merger, it had exercised this Warrant. The provisions of this Section 7(a) shall similarly apply to
successive consolidations, mergers, sales or conveyances.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b) <U>Reclassification,
etc.</U> If the Company at any time shall, by subdivision, combination or reclassification of securities or otherwise, change any
of the securities to which purchase rights under this Warrant exist into the same or a different number of securities of any class
or classes, this Warrant shall thereafter be to acquire such number and kind of securities as would have been issuable as the result
of such change with respect to the securities which were subject to the purchase rights under this Warrant immediately prior to
such subdivision, combination, reclassification or other change. If the Shares are subdivided or combined into a greater or smaller
number of Shares, the Exercise Price under this Warrant shall be proportionately reduced in case of subdivision of shares or proportionately
increased in the case of combination of shares, in both cases by the ratio which the total number of Shares to be outstanding immediately
after such event bears to the total number of Shares outstanding immediately prior to such event.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c) <U>Cash Distributions.</U>
No adjustment on account of cash dividends or interest on the Shares or other securities purchasable hereunder will be made to
the Exercise Price under this Warrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">8. <U>Restrictions
on Transfer.</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a) <U>Restrictions on
Transfer of Shares.</U> In no event will the Holder make a disposition of this Warrant or the Shares unless and until, if requested
by the Company, it shall have furnished the Company with an opinion of counsel satisfactory to the Company and its counsel to the
effect that appropriate action necessary for compliance with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &quot;Act&quot;) relating
to sale of an unregistered security has been taken. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the restrictions imposed upon the transferability
of the Shares shall terminate as to any particular Share when (i) such security shall have been sold without registration in compliance
with Rule 144 under the Act, or (ii) a letter shall have been issued to the Holder at its request by the staff of the Securities
and Exchange Commission or a ruling shall have been issued to the Holder at its request by such Commission stating that no action
shall be recommended by such staff or taken by such Commission, as the case may be, if such security is transferred without registration
under the Act in accordance with the conditions set forth in such letter or ruling and such letter or ruling specifies that no
subsequent restrictions on transfer are required, or (iii) such security shall have been registered under the Act and sold by the
Holder thereof in accordance with such registration.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b) Subject to the provisions
of Section 8(a) hereof, this Warrant and all rights hereunder are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of the Warrant
with a properly executed assignment at the principal office of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c) <U>Restrictive Legends.</U>
The stock certificates representing the Shares and any securities of the Company issued with respect thereto shall be imprinted
with legends restricting transfer except in compliance with the terms hereof and with applicable federal and state securities laws
substantially as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">&ldquo;THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE
HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AND MAY NOT BE SOLD, TRANSFERRED, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE DISPOSED OF IN
THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY TO THE
ISSUER OF THIS CERTIFICATE THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SAID ACT&rdquo;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">9. <U>Miscellaneous.</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a) <U>Governing Law.</U>
This Warrant shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California applicable to contracts
made and to be performed wholly within such state.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b) <U>Restrictions.</U>
The Holder acknowledges that the Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant will have restrictions upon its resale imposed
by state and federal securities laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c) <U>Waivers Strictly
Construed.</U> With regard to any power, remedy or right provided herein or otherwise available to any party hereunder (i) no waiver
or extension of time shall be effective unless expressly contained in a writing signed by the waiving party; and (ii) no alteration,
modification or impairment shall be implied by reason of any previous waiver, extension of time, delay or omission in exercise,
or other indulgence.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d) <U>Modifications.</U>
This Warrant may not be amended, altered or modified except by a writing signed by the Company and the Holder of this Warrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.2pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.2pt">IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
QS ENERGY, INC. has caused this Warrant to be executed by its duly authorized representative dated as of the date first set forth
above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.2pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.2pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Holder:</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">_____________________</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">QS ENERGY, INC.</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">23902 FM 2978</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Tomball, TX 77375</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">By: <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Name:&#9;Jason Lane</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Title:&#9;Chief Executive Officer</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>NOTICE OF EXERCISE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">TO:&#9;QS ENERGY, INC., a Nevada corporation</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(1) The
undersigned hereby elects to purchase ______________ shares of Common Stock (the &quot;Shares&quot;) of QS Energy, Inc. (&ldquo;Issuer&rdquo;)
pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant, and tenders herewith payment of the purchase price in full, together with all applicable
transfer taxes, if any.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(2) Please
issue a certificate or certificates representing the Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified
below:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 39%">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Name:</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">________________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(Print Name)</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 61%">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Address:</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;______________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;______________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;______________________________</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(3) The Company shall issue the Shares electronically
through its transfer agent by means of a direct registration system (&ldquo;DRS&rdquo;)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><SUP>[2]</SUP></FONT>.
Physical stock certificates will be issued upon written request subject to shipping cost paid by holder of the Shares.&#9;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(4) The undersigned
confirms that he is an &ldquo;accredited investor&rdquo; as defined by Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
at the time of execution of this Notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
undersigned confirms that the Shares are being acquired for the account of the undersigned for investment only and not with a view
to, or for resale in connection with, the distribution thereof and that the undersigned has no present intention of distributing
or selling the Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
undersigned accepts such Shares subject to the restrictions on transfer set forth in the attached Warrant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(7)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
undersigned acknowledges that the Issuer has given it access to all information relating to the Issuer&rsquo;s business that the
undersigned has requested. The undersigned has reviewed all materials relating to the Issuer&rsquo;s business, financial condition
and operations which it has requested and the undersigned has reviewed all of such materials as the undersigned, in the undersigned&rsquo;s
sole and absolute discretion has deemed necessary or desirable. The undersigned has had an opportunity to ask questions of and
discuss the business, management and financial affairs of the Issuer with the Issuer&rsquo;s management. Specifically but not by
way of limitation, the undersigned acknowledges the Issuer&rsquo;s publicly available filings made periodically with the SEC, which
filings are available at www.sec.gov, and which filings the undersigned acknowledges reviewing or having had the opportunity of
reviewing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(8)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
undersigned acknowledges that it has, by reason of its business and financial experience, such knowledge, sophistication and experience
in financial and business matters and in making investment decisions of this type that it is capable of (i) evaluating the merits
and risks of an investment in the Shares and making an informed investment decision in connection therewith; (ii) protecting its
own interest; and (iii) bearing the economic risk of such investment for an indefinite period of time for shares which are not
transferable or freely tradable. The undersigned hereby agrees to indemnify the Issuer and the officers, directors and employees
thereof harmless against all liability, costs or expenses (including reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees) arising by reason of or
in connection with any misrepresentation or any breach of warranties or representations of the undersigned contained in this Notice,
or arising as a result of the&nbsp;sale or distribution of the Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants. The representations
and warranties contained herein shall be binding upon the heirs, legal representatives, successors and assigns of the undersigned.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 35%">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(Date)</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 65%">
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">___________________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(Signature)</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">___________________________________</P>
        <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(Print Name)</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE>










<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><SUP>[2]</SUP></FONT>
The Company&rsquo;s transfer agent, Nevada Agency and Transfer Company (&ldquo;NATCO&rdquo;) is a participant in the Depository
Trust Company&rsquo;s FAST program. The FAST program allows NATCO to provide DWAC (deposit/withdrawal at custodian) and DRS (direct
registration system) services to the Company and its shareholders. This eliminates the risk of lost certificates and courier fees
by providing electronic transfers.</P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-21
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>qsenergy_10k-ex021.htm
<DESCRIPTION>LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES
<TEXT>
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<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">Exhibit 21</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><B>List of Subsidiaries</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">QS Energy Pool, Inc., a California corporation</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">STWA Asia Pte. Limited, a Singapore private limited company</P>

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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-31.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>qsenergy_10k-ex3101.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 31.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>CERTIFICATION OF
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>PURSUANT TO SECTION
302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>AND RULES 13A-14
AND 15D-14 UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">I, Jason Lane,
certify that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">1.&nbsp;I
have reviewed this 10-K Report of QS Energy, Inc.;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">2.&nbsp;Based
on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to
the period covered by this report;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">3.&nbsp;Based
on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material
respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented
in this report;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">4.&nbsp;The
registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) and internal control over financial reporting) as defined in Exchange
Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) for the registrant and have:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(a)&nbsp;Designed
such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,
to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its condensed consolidated subsidiaries, is made known
to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed
under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(c)&nbsp;Evaluated
the effectiveness of the registrant&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about
the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(d)&nbsp;Disclosed
in this report any change in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant&rsquo;s
most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&rsquo;s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected,
or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">5.&nbsp;The
registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over
financial reporting, to the registrant&rsquo;s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant&rsquo;s board of directors (or
persons performing the equivalent functions):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(a)&nbsp;All
significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which
are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant&rsquo;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information;
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(b)&nbsp;Any
fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant&rsquo;s
internal control over financial reporting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Date: April 2, 2018</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">/s/ JASON LANE &nbsp; &nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Jason Lane</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Chief Executive Officer&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-31.2
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>qsenergy_10k-ex3102.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
<TEXT>
<HTML>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 31.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>CERTIFICATION OF
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>PURSUANT TO SECTION
302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>AND RULES 13A-14
AND 15D-14 UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">I, Michael McMullen,
certify that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;I
have reviewed this 10-K Report of QS Energy, Inc.;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">2.&nbsp;Based
on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to
the period covered by this report;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">3.&nbsp;Based
on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material
respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented
in this report;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;The
registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) and internal control over financial reporting) as defined in Exchange
Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) for the registrant and have:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(a)&nbsp;Designed
such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,
to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its condensed consolidated subsidiaries, is made known
to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed
under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles<U>;</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this
report based on such evaluation; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(d)&nbsp;Disclosed
in this report any change in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant&rsquo;s
most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&rsquo;s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected,
or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">5.&nbsp;The
registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over
financial reporting, to the registrant&rsquo;s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant&rsquo;s board of directors (or
persons performing the equivalent functions):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(a)&nbsp;All
significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which
are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant&rsquo;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information;
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">(b)&nbsp;Any
fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant&rsquo;s
internal control over financial reporting.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in; background-color: white">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 50%; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Date:&nbsp;&nbsp;April 2, 2018</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">/s/ MICHAEL MCMULLEN</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0">Michael McMullen</P>


</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Chief Financial Officer&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-32
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>qsenergy_10k-ex3200.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CERTIFICATION OF PERIODIC FINANCIAL REPORT BY THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 32</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>CERTIFICATION OF
PERIODIC FINANCIAL REPORT BY THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>OFFICER AND CHIEF
FINANCIAL OFFICER</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><B>PURSUANT TO SECTION
906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">Solely
for the purposes of complying with 18 U.S.C. Section&nbsp;1350, as adopted pursuant to Section&nbsp;906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002, we, the undersigned Acting Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of  QS Energy, Inc. (the
&ldquo;Company&rdquo;), hereby certify, based on our knowledge, that the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the
year ended December 31, 2017 (the &ldquo;Report&rdquo;) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects,
the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; padding-right: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">Date: April 2, 2018</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">/s/ JASON LANE &nbsp; &nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Jason Lane</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Chief Executive Officer&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 5.4pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">Date: April 2, 2018</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">/s/ MICHAEL MCMULLEN</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Michael McMullen</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Chief Financial Officer&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<TYPE>EX-101.INS
<SEQUENCE>7
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    <us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy contextRef="From2017-01-01to2017-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Patent&#13;Costs&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Patent&#13;costs consist of patent-related legal and filing fees. Due to the uncertainty associated with the successful development of our&#13;AOT and Joule Heat products, all patent costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, patent&#13;costs were $45,000 and $64,000, respectively, and were included as part of operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated&#13;statements of operations.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy>
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   &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 68%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Office equipment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;30,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13; 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   &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;3,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Testing equipment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13; 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text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Subtotal&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;97,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;49,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Less&#13;    accumulated depreciation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13; 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    <us-gaap:ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock contextRef="From2017-01-01to2017-12-31">&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#160;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13; 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text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(92,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;533,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;348,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ConvertibleDebtTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock contextRef="From2017-01-01to2017-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Options&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted&#13;                                         Avg.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercise&#13;        Price&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 68%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Options outstanding, January&#13;    1, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;21,535,148&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.20&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Options granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2,250,527&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13; 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   &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Options&#13;    cancelled&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(311,419&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.72&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; 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   &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.12&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Options exercised&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13; 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    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock contextRef="From2017-01-01to2017-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="9" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Outstanding&#13;    Options&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercisable&#13;    Options&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Option&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Exercise&#13;        Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Per&#13;        Share&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Life&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(Years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Average&#13;        Exercise&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Average&#13;        Exercise&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; width: 18%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$ 0.05&#13;    - $ 0.99&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,247,229&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;5.6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.22&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;31,147,229&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.22&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&#13;    1.00 - $ 1.99&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;150,446&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;5.6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1.18&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;150,446&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1.18&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,397,675&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.23&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;31,297,675&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.22&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2017-01-01to2017-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="7" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Years&#13;    Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 57%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Expected&#13;    life (years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 16%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;5 &amp;#8211;&#13;    6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 16%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;5.5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Risk free interest rate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1.72 &amp;#8211; 1.94%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1.23 &amp;#8211; 1.72%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Volatility&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;114 &amp;#8211; 124%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;119 &amp;#8211; 121%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Expected dividend yield&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock contextRef="From2017-01-01to2017-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Warrants&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted&#13;                                         Avg.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercise&#13;        Price&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 68%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants outstanding, January&#13;    1, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;4,411,667&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.31&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;8,735,225&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.11&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants exercised&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants&#13;    cancelled&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1,700,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.30&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;11,446,892&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.15&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;16,160,770&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.05&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants exercised&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(4,414,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.08&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants&#13;    cancelled&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(5,571,225&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.10&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants outstanding,&#13;    December 31, 2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,622,437&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.09&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock>
    <qsep:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockWarrantPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock contextRef="From2017-01-01to2017-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="9" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Outstanding&#13;    Warrants&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercisable&#13;    Warrants&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrant&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Exercise&#13;        Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Per&#13;        Share&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Life&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(Years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Average&#13;        Exercise&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Average&#13;        Exercise&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 18%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&#13;    0.05 - $ 0.99&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,622,437&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.9&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.09&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,572,437&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.09&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,622,437&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.09&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,572,437&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.09&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;</qsep:ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockWarrantPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfFutureMinimumRentalPaymentsForOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock contextRef="From2017-01-01to2017-12-31">&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 75%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Year&#13;    ending December 31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Office&#13;    Lease (1)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;License&#13;    Agreements (2)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Compensation&#13;    Agreements (3)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total&#13;    Obligations&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; width: 26%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2018&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13; 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    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation contextRef="AsOf2017-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">249000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation contextRef="AsOf2016-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">181000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseOther contextRef="AsOf2017-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">480000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseOther>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseOther contextRef="AsOf2016-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">663000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseOther>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsOther contextRef="AsOf2017-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">176000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsOther>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsOther contextRef="AsOf2016-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">81000</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsOther>
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    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsNet contextRef="AsOf2017-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">0</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsNet contextRef="AsOf2016-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">0</us-gaap:DeferredTaxAssetsNet>
    <us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2017-01-01to2017-12-31">&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.35in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;3.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Accrued Expenses&#13;    &amp;#8211; Related Parties&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Accrued&#13;Expenses &amp;#8211; Related Parties consists of unpaid salaries and corresponding payroll taxes of officer&amp;#8217;s salaries, unused&#13;vacation of officers and unpaid board and committee fees to members of the Company&amp;#8217;s Board of Directors. As of December&#13;31, 2017 and 2016, total accrued expenses &amp;#8211; related parties amounted to $31,000 and $135,000, respectively. Included in&#13;these accruals are the unpaid salaries to a former President and current member of the Company&amp;#8217;s Board of Directors of $0&#13;and $15,000, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2017-01-01to2017-12-31">&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.35in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;4.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Property and Equipment&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;At&#13;December&amp;#160;31, 2017 and 2016, property and equipment consists of the following:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;December&amp;#160;31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 68%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Office equipment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;30,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;28,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Furniture and fixtures&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;5,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;3,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Testing equipment&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;37,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;18,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Leasehold&#13;    Improvements&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;25,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Subtotal&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;97,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;49,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Less&#13;    accumulated depreciation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(51,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(32,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;46,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;During&#13;the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company disposed of certain property and equipment with aggregate costs of $38,000 and accumulated&#13;depreciation of $35,000 which resulted in a loss of $3,000. Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016&#13;was $19,000 and $7,000, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2017-01-01to2017-12-31">&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.35in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;7.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Common Stock Transactions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Year&#13;Ending December 31, 2017&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;In&#13;August 2017, shareholders approved an increase in authorized shares of common stock from 300,000,000 to 500,000,000, approved&#13;the creation of a new class of preferred stock, and authorize the Company to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock.&#13;During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 35,031,881 shares of its common stock as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#149;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The Company issued&#13;    181,355 shares of its common stock upon the private sale of restricted common stock for cash proceeds of $38,000 at a purchase&#13;    price of $.21 per share.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"&gt;&amp;#149;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The Company issued&#13;    29,986,772 shares of its common stock upon the conversion of $1,528,000 in convertible notes pursuant to the convertible notes&#13;    conversion prices of $0.05 to $0.48 per share.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#149;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The Company issued&#13;    4,414,000 shares of its common stock upon the exercise of warrants for proceeds of $359,000 at exercise prices of $0.05 to&#13;    $0.10 per share.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#149;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The Company issued&#13;    449,754 shares of its common stock upon the exercise of options for proceeds of $37,000 at exercise prices of $0.07 to $0.13&#13;    per share.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Year&#13;Ending December 31, 2016&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;During&#13;the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company issued an aggregate of 15,213,449 shares of its common stock as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#149;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The Company issued&#13;    14,913,449 shares of its common stock upon the conversion of $1,491,000 in convertible notes pursuant to the convertible notes&#13;    conversion price of $0.10 per share.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#149;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The Company also issued&#13;    300,000 shares of common stock to consultants for services rendered with a fair value of $48,000 which is included as part&#13;    of Operating Expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The shares were valued at the trading price&#13;    at the date of issuance.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock contextRef="From2017-01-01to2017-12-31">&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.35in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;8.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Stock Options&#13;    and Warrants&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The&#13;Company periodically issues stock options and warrants to employees and non-employees in capital raising transactions, for services&#13;and for financing costs. Options and warrants vest and expire according to terms established at the grant date.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Options&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Employee&#13;options vest according to the terms of the specific grant and expire from 5 to 10&amp;#160;years from date of grant. The weighted-average,&#13;remaining contractual life of employee and Non-employee options outstanding at December 31, 2017 was 5.6&amp;#160;years. Stock option&#13;activity for the period January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017, was as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Options&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted&#13;                                         Avg.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercise&#13;        Price&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 68%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Options outstanding, January&#13;    1, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;21,535,148&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.20&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Options granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;2,250,527&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.46&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Options exercised&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Options&#13;    cancelled&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(311,419&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.72&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Options outstanding, December 31, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;23,474,256&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.30&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Options granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;12,561,852&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.12&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Options exercised&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(449,754&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.05&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Options&#13;    cancelled&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(188,679&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.53&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Options outstanding,&#13;    December 31, 2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,397,675&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.23&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The&#13;weighted average exercise prices, remaining contractual lives for options granted, exercisable, and expected to vest as of December&amp;#160;31,&#13;2017 were as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="9" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Outstanding&#13;    Options&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercisable&#13;    Options&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Option&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Exercise&#13;        Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Per&#13;        Share&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Life&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(Years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Average&#13;        Exercise&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Average&#13;        Exercise&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; width: 18%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$ 0.05&#13;    - $ 0.99&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,247,229&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;5.6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.22&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;31,147,229&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.22&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&#13;    1.00 - $ 1.99&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;150,446&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;5.6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1.18&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;150,446&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1.18&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;35,397,675&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.23&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;31,297,675&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.22&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;As&#13;of December 31, 2017, the market price of the Company&amp;#8217;s stock was $0.19 per share. At December 31, 2017 the aggregate intrinsic&#13;value of the options outstanding was $1,174,000. Future unamortized compensation expense on the unvested outstanding options at&#13;December 31, 2017 is approximately $123,000.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Year&#13;Ending December 31, 2017&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#149;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;From January through&#13;    July 2017, the Company issued options to purchase a total of 12,561,852 shares of common stock to employees, officers and&#13;    members of the Board of Directors with a fair value of $647,000 using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model. The options&#13;    are exercisable from $0.07 up to $0.40 per share, vesting within one to three years and expiring in ten years from the date&#13;    of grant. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized compensation costs of $761,000 based on options&#13;    that vested.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&amp;#149;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;During the year ended&#13;    December 31, 2017, the Company amortized $36,000 of compensation cost based on the vesting of the options granted to employees&#13;    and directors in prior years.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Year&#13;Ending December 31, 2016&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&amp;#149;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;From January through&#13;    May 2016, the Company issued options to purchase a total of 2,250,527 shares of common stock to employees, officers and members&#13;    of the Board of Directors with a fair value of $357,000 using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model. The options are exercisable&#13;    from $0.18 up to $0.19 per share, vesting within one or two years and expiring in ten years from the date of grant. During&#13;    the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized compensation costs of $316,000 based on options that vested.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&amp;#149;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;During the year ended&#13;    December 31, 2016, the Company amortized $34,000 of compensation cost based on the vesting of the options granted to employees&#13;    and directors in prior years.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Black-Scholes&#13;Option Pricing&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The&#13;Company used the following average assumptions in its calculation using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="7" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Years&#13;    Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2017&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2016&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 57%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Expected&#13;    life (years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 16%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;5 &amp;#8211;&#13;    6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 16%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;5.5&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Risk free interest rate&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1.72 &amp;#8211; 1.94%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;1.23 &amp;#8211; 1.72%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Volatility&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;114 &amp;#8211; 124%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;119 &amp;#8211; 121%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Expected dividend yield&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0%&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The&#13;assumptions used in the Black Scholes models referred to above are based upon the following data: (1) the contractual life of&#13;the underlying non-employee options is the expected life. The expected life of the employee option is estimated by considering&#13;the contractual term of the option, the vesting period of the option, the employees&amp;#8217; expected exercise behavior and the&#13;post-vesting employee turnover rate. (2) The expected stock price volatility was based upon the Company&amp;#8217;s historical stock&#13;price over the expected term of the option. (3) The risk-free interest rate is based on published U.S. Treasury Department interest&#13;rates for the expected terms of the underlying options. (4) The expected dividend yield was based on the fact that the Company&#13;has not paid dividends to common shareholders in the past and does not expect to pay dividends to common shareholders in the future.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Warrants&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The&#13;following table summarizes certain information about the Company&amp;#8217;s stock purchase warrants.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Warrants&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Weighted&#13;                                         Avg.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercise&#13;        Price&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 68%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants outstanding, January&#13;    1, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;4,411,667&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.31&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;8,735,225&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.11&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants exercised&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants&#13;    cancelled&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(1,700,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.30&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;11,446,892&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.15&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants granted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;16,160,770&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.05&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants exercised&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(4,414,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.08&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants&#13;    cancelled&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(5,571,225&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.10&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrants outstanding,&#13;    December 31, 2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,622,437&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.09&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;At&#13;December 31, 2017 the price of the Company&amp;#8217;s common stock was $0.19 per share and the aggregate intrinsic value of the warrants&#13;outstanding was $0. Future unamortized compensation expense on the unvested outstanding warrants at December 31, 2017 is approximately&#13;$2,041,000.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="9" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Outstanding&#13;    Warrants&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="5" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercisable&#13;    Warrants&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Warrant&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Exercise&#13;        Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Per&#13;        Share&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Life&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;(Years)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Average&#13;        Exercise&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Shares&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Weighted&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Average&#13;        Exercise&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;        &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Price&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 18%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&#13;    0.05 - $ 0.99&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,622,437&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.9&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.09&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,572,437&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; width: 13%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.09&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,622,437&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.09&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;17,572,437&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;0.09&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Year&#13;Ending December 31, 2017&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#149;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;In January through&#13;    May 2017, pursuant to terms of convertible notes issued, the Company granted warrants to purchase 16,160,770 shares of common&#13;    stock with an exercise price of $0.05 per share, vesting immediately upon grant and expiring one year from the date of grant.&#13;    See Note 5 for further discussion.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&amp;#149;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Effective May 2017,&#13;    the Company amended the terms of a warrant issued in 2015, extending the expiration date of the warrant by twenty-four months&#13;    with no changes to the other terms of the original grant. As a result, the Company recorded the incremental change in the&#13;    fair value of this warrant before and after the date of the amendment of $90,000, computed using the Black-Scholes Option&#13;    Pricing model with the following assumptions: life of 1.5 years; exercise price of $0.30 per share; stock price of $0.24 per&#13;    share, average risk-free interest rate of 1.70%; average volatility of 140% and dividend yield of 0%. During the year ended&#13;    December 31, 2017, the Company recognized an expense of $90,000 based on the fair value of the warrant as amended.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#149;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;During the year ended&#13;    December 31, 2017, the Company amortized $1,000 of compensation cost based on the vesting of the warrants granted consultants&#13;    in prior years.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Year&#13;Ending December 31, 2016&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&amp;#149;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;In January through&#13;    August 2016, pursuant to terms of convertible notes issued, the Company granted warrants to purchase 7,935,225 shares of common&#13;    stock with an exercise price of $0.10 per share, vesting immediately upon grant and expiring one year from the date of grant.&#13;    See Note 5 for further discussion.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&amp;#149;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;In February through&#13;    July 2016 the Company granted warrants to purchase 800,000 shares of common stock to consultants. The options are exercisable&#13;    starting at $0.12 per share to $0.18 per share, 600,000 shares vested immediately and 200,000 shares over vest two years,&#13;    and expire in one to three years from the date granted. The fair value of these warrants was computed using the Black-Scholes&#13;    Option Pricing model with the following assumptions: life of 1 year through 10 years; average stock price of $0.16 per share,&#13;    average risk-free interest rate of 0.82%; average volatility of 110% and dividend yield of 0%. During the year ended December&#13;    31, 2016, the Company recognized an expense of $59,000 based on the fair value of warrants that vested.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#149;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;In May 2016, the&#13;    Company amended the terms of a warrant issued in 2015, extending the expiration date of the warrant by twelve months with&#13;    no changes to the other terms of the original grant. As a result, the Company recorded the incremental change in the fair&#13;    value of this warrant before and after the date of the amendment of $32,000, computed using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing&#13;    model with the following assumptions: life of 1 year; stock price of $0.17 per share, average risk free interest rate of 0.81%;&#13;    average volatility of 97% and dividend yield of 0%. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized an expense&#13;    of $32,000 based on the fair value of the warrant as amended.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&amp;#149;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;During the year ended&#13;    December 31, 2016, the Company amortized $1,000 of compensation cost based on the vesting of the warrants granted to employees,&#13;    directors and consultants in prior years.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:DisclosureOfCompensationRelatedCostsShareBasedPaymentsTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2017-01-01to2017-12-31">&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.35in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;9.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Commitments and&#13;    Contingencies&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;We&#13;are involved in certain legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. Except for income&#13;tax contingencies, we record accruals for contingencies to the extent that our management concludes that the occurrence is probable&#13;and that the related amounts of loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed&#13;as incurred. There is no current or pending litigation of any significance with the exception of the matters that have arisen&#13;under, and are being handled in, the normal course of business.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Leases&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;On&#13;August 1, 2013, the Company entered into a non-cancellable lease at a Santa Barbara Facility with a 5-year term, expiring July&#13;31, 2018 at a monthly rent of $6,000 as amended in February 2014. Effective May 1, 2016, the Company vacated the Santa Barbara&#13;Facility and subleased the space through the term of the master lease, terminating July 31, 2018 at $4,500 per month. The Company&#13;subsequently terminated both the master lease and sublease effective March 1, 2017.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;In&#13;June 2016, the Company relocated its Santa Barbara office to an office space located at 5266 Hollister Avenue, Suite 219, Santa&#13;Barbara, CA 93111, under a twelve-month lease at a lease rate of $751 per month. The Company vacated the Hollister Avenue facility&#13;and terminated the lease in August 2017.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;In&#13;April 2017, the Company relocated its headquarters to a Tomball Texas facility under a month-to-month lease at a monthly rent&#13;of $1,500.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Total&#13;rent expense during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, was $20,000 and $45,000, respectively which are included as part&#13;of Operating Expenses in the attached consolidated statements of operations.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Contractual&#13;Commitments&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The&#13;Company&amp;#8217;s contractual commitments for future periods, including office leases, minimum guaranteed compensation payments&#13;and other agreements as described in the following table and associated footnotes:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 75%"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Year&#13;    ending December 31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Office&#13;    Lease (1)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;License&#13;    Agreements (2)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;Compensation&#13;    Agreements (3)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13; 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(&amp;#8220;QS Energy&amp;#8221;, &amp;#8220;Company&amp;#8221;) was incorporated on February 18, 1998, as a Nevada Corporation under&#13;the name Mandalay Capital Corporation. The Company changed its name to Save the World Air, Inc. on February 11, 1999. Effective&#13;August 11, 2015, the Company changed its name to QS Energy, Inc. The Company&amp;#8217;s common stock is quoted under the symbol &amp;#8220;QSEP&amp;#8221;&#13;on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board. 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The Company's intellectual properties include&#13;a portfolio of domestic and international patents and patents pending, a substantial portion of which have been developed in conjunction&#13;with and exclusively licensed from Temple University of Philadelphia, PA (&amp;#8220;Temple&amp;#8221;). QS Energy's primary technology&#13;is called Applied Oil Technology (AOT), a commercial-grade crude oil pipeline transportation flow-assurance product. Engineered&#13;specifically to reduce pipeline pressure loss, increase pipeline flow rate and capacity, and reduce shippers&amp;#8217; reliance on&#13;diluents and drag reducing agents to meet pipeline maximum viscosity requirements, AOT is a 100% solid-state system that reduces&#13;crude oil viscosity by applying a high intensity electrical field to crude oil feedstock while in transit. The AOT product has&#13;transitioned from the research and development stage to initial production for continued testing in advance of our goal of seeking&#13;acceptance and adoption by the midstream pipeline marketplace.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company also began commercial development of a suite of products based around the Joule Heat technology. The Company began fabrication&#13;of prototype equipment to be operated under a joint development agreement with a commercial entity in the fourth quarter of 2014.&#13;The Company&amp;#8217;s first Joule Heat prototype was installed for testing purposes at the Newfield facility in June 2015 and the&#13;system is operational; however, changes to the prototype configuration will be required to determine commercial effectiveness&#13;of this unit. In addition, the Company filed two additional provisional patents related to the technology&amp;#8217;s method and apparatus.&#13;In December 2015, we temporarily suspended Joule Heat development activities to focus Company resources on finalizing commercial&#13;development of the AOT Midstream. We currently plan to resume Joule Heat development in in the future depending on the availability&#13;of sufficient capital and other resources.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Going Concern&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization&#13;of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As reflected in the accompanying&#13;consolidated financial statements, during the twelve-months ended December 31, 2017, the Company incurred a net loss of $4,835,000,&#13;used cash in operations of $1,786,000 and had a stockholders&amp;#8217; deficit of $1,874,000 as of that date. These factors raise&#13;substantial doubt about the Company&amp;#8217;s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial&#13;statements are issued. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the Company&amp;#8217;s ability&#13;to raise additional funds and implement its business plan. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might&#13;be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;At&#13;December 31, 2017, the Company had cash on hand in the amount of $204,000. Management estimates that the current funds on hand&#13;will be sufficient to continue operations through April 2018. Management is currently seeking additional funds, primarily through&#13;the issuance of debt and equity securities for cash to operate our business, including without limitation the expenses it will&#13;incur in connection with the license and research and development agreements with Temple University; costs associated with product&#13;development and commercialization of the AOT technology; costs to manufacture and ship the products; costs to design and implement&#13;an effective system of internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures; costs of maintaining our status as a public company&#13;by filing periodic reports with the SEC and costs required to protect our intellectual property. In addition, as discussed below,&#13;the Company has substantial contractual commitments, including without limitation, payment of license and other fees to Temple&#13;University, salaries to our executive officers pursuant to employment agreements, certain payments to a former officer and consulting&#13;fees, during the remainder of 2018 and beyond.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;No&#13;assurance can be given that any future financing will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory&#13;to the Company. Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing, it may contain undue restrictions on our operations,&#13;in the case of debt financing or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders in case of equity financing.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock contextRef="From2017-01-01to2017-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.35in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Summary of Significant&#13;    Accounting Policies&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Consolidation&#13;Policy&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;accompanying consolidated financial statements of QS Energy Inc. include the accounts of QS Energy Inc. (the Parent) and its wholly&#13;owned subsidiaries, QS Energy Pool, Inc. and STWA Asia Pte. Limited. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated&#13;in consolidation.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Revenue Recognition&#13;Policy&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company leases its primary technology, and recognizes lease revenue ratably over the life of the lease upon commencement of the&#13;lease. Revenue on future product sales will be recognized upon meeting the following criteria: persuasive evidence of an arrangement&#13;exists; delivery has occurred or services rendered; the seller's price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability&#13;is reasonably assured.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Property and Equipment&#13;and Depreciation&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Property&#13;and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives&#13;of the assets, generally ranging from three to ten years. Expenditures for major renewals and improvements that extend the useful&#13;lives of property and equipment are capitalized. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred.&#13;Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset&#13;or the lease term.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Impairment of&#13;Long-lived Assets&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Our&#13;long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment at least annually, or when events and circumstances&#13;indicate that depreciable or amortizable long-lived assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated&#13;by those assets are less than the carrying amount of those assets. When specific assets are determined to be unrecoverable, the&#13;cost basis of the asset is reduced to reflect the current value.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;We&#13;use various assumptions in determining the current fair value of these assets, including future expected cash flows and discount&#13;rates, as well as other fair value measures. Our impairment loss calculations require us to apply judgment in estimating future&#13;cash flows, including forecasting useful lives of the assets and selecting the discount rate that reflects the risk inherent in&#13;future cash flows.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;If&#13;actual results are not consistent with our assumptions and judgments used in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values,&#13;we may be exposed to future impairment losses that could be material to our results. Based upon management&amp;#8217;s annual review,&#13;no impairments were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2017, and 2016.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Loss per Share&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Basic&#13;loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares&#13;outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share reflects the potential dilution, using the treasury stock method that could&#13;occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the&#13;issuance of common stock that then shared in the loss of the Company. In computing diluted loss per share, the treasury stock&#13;method assumes that outstanding options and warrants are exercised, and the proceeds are used to purchase common stock at the&#13;average market price during the period. Options and warrants may have a dilutive effect under the treasury stock method only when&#13;the average market price of the common stock during the period exceeds the exercise price of the options and warrants.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;For&#13;the years ended December&amp;#160;31, 2017 and 2016, the dilutive impact of outstanding stock options of 35,397,675 shares and 23,474,256&#13;shares; outstanding warrants of 17,622,437 shares and 11,446,892 shares; and notes convertible into 4,847,333 and 2,540,211 shares&#13;of our common stock, respectively,&amp;#160;have been excluded because their impact on the loss per share is anti-dilutive.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Income Taxes&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Income&#13;taxes are recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets&#13;are recognized for the future tax consequences of transactions that have been recognized in the Company&amp;#8217;s consolidated financial&#13;statements or tax returns. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or entire deferred&#13;tax asset will not be realized.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Stock-Based Compensation&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company periodically issues stock options and warrants to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for&#13;services and for financing costs. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to employees based&#13;on the authoritative guidance provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&amp;#8220;FASB&amp;#8221;) whereas the value of the&#13;award is measured on the date of grant and recognized over the vesting period. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant&#13;grants issued and vesting to non-employees in accordance with the authoritative guidance of the FASB whereas the value of the&#13;stock compensation is based upon the measurement date as determined at either a) the date at which a performance commitment is&#13;reached, or b) at the date at which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete. Non-employee stock-based&#13;compensation charges generally are amortized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. In certain circumstances where&#13;there are no future performance requirements by the non-employee, option grants are immediately vested and the total stock-based&#13;compensation charge is recorded in the period of the measurement date.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;fair value of the Company's&amp;#160;stock options and warrants grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model, which&#13;uses certain assumptions related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility, expected life of the stock options or warrants,&#13;and future dividends. Compensation expense is recorded based upon the value derived from the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model,&#13;and based on actual experience. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model could materially affect compensation&#13;expense recorded in future periods.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Estimates&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates&#13;and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities&#13;at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant&#13;estimates include those related to assumptions used in impairment analysis for property and equipment, valuing accruals and equity&#13;instruments issued for services, realization of deferred tax assets, among others. Actual results could differ from those estimates.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Fair Value of&#13;Financial Instruments&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Effective&#13;January 1, 2008, fair value measurements are determined by the Company's adoption of authoritative guidance issued by the FASB,&#13;with the exception of the application of the statement to non-recurring, non-financial assets and liabilities as permitted. The&#13;adoption of the authoritative guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's fair value measurements. Fair value is&#13;defined in the authoritative guidance as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in&#13;the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at&#13;the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy was established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into three&#13;broad levels as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Level&amp;#160;1&amp;#8212;Quoted&#13;prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Level&amp;#160;2&amp;#8212;Inputs,&#13;other than the quoted prices in active markets, are observable either directly or indirectly.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Level&amp;#160;3&amp;#8212;Unobservable&#13;inputs based on the Company's assumptions.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company is required to use of observable market data if such data is available without undue cost and effort.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;carrying amounts for cash, accounts payable, accrued expenses and convertible debentures approximate their fair value due to their&#13;short-term nature.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Research and Development&#13;Costs&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Costs&#13;incurred for research and development are expensed as incurred. Purchased materials that do not have an alternative future use&#13;are also expensed. Furthermore, costs incurred in the construction of prototypes with no certainty of any alternative future use&#13;and established commercial uses are also expensed.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;For&#13;the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 research and development costs were $243,000 and $279,000, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Patent Costs&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Patent&#13;costs consist of patent-related legal and filing fees. Due to the uncertainty associated with the successful development of our&#13;AOT and Joule Heat products, all patent costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, patent&#13;costs were $45,000 and $64,000, respectively, and were included as part of operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated&#13;statements of operations.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Recent Accounting&#13;Pronouncements&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;In&#13;May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts&#13;with Customers. ASU 2014-09 is a comprehensive revenue recognition standard that will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition&#13;guidance under current U.S. GAAP and replace it with a principle-based approach for determining revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09&#13;will require that companies recognize revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services as they occur in the contract.&#13;The ASU also will require additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising&#13;from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to&#13;obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Entities&#13;will be able to transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption.&#13;The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2014-09 on the Company&amp;#8217;s financial statements and disclosures&#13;but does not believe adoption of this pronouncement will have a material effect, if any.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;In&#13;February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, &lt;i&gt;Leases&lt;/i&gt;. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to&#13;record a right of use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12&#13;months. ASU 2016-02 is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption&#13;is permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at,&#13;or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical&#13;expedients available. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on the Company&amp;#8217;s financial statements&#13;and disclosures.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;In&#13;March 2016, the FASB issued the ASU 2016-09, &lt;i&gt;Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)&lt;/i&gt;: Improvements to Employee Share-Based&#13;Payment Accounting. The amendments in this ASU require, among other things, that all income tax effects of awards be recognized&#13;in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled. The ASU also allows for an employer to repurchase more of an employee's&#13;shares than it can today for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting and allows for a policy election&#13;to account for forfeitures as they occur. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,&#13;2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for any entity in any interim or annual&#13;period. The Company is currently evaluating the expected impact that the standard could have on its financial statements and related&#13;disclosures.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Other&#13;recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified&#13;Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact&#13;on the Company's present or future consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock>
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ASU 2014-09 is a comprehensive revenue recognition standard that will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition&#13;guidance under current U.S. GAAP and replace it with a principle-based approach for determining revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09&#13;will require that companies recognize revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services as they occur in the contract.&#13;The ASU also will require additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising&#13;from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to&#13;obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. 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ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to&#13;record a right of use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12&#13;months. ASU 2016-02 is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption&#13;is permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at,&#13;or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical&#13;expedients available. 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The ASU also allows for an employer to repurchase more of an employee's&#13;shares than it can today for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting and allows for a policy election&#13;to account for forfeitures as they occur. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,&#13;2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for any entity in any interim or annual&#13;period. 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   &lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 66%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Convertible note&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;509,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;417,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Interest&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;71,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;23,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Subtotal&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;580,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;440,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Convertible note discount&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(47,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(92,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Total&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;533,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;348,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;During&#13;the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company issued convertible promissory notes in the aggregate of $1,587,000 for cash proceeds&#13;of $1,418,000 and conversion of a deposit received from an investor in 2015 amounting to $25,000 and a discount of $144,000. The&#13;notes do not bear any interest; however, the implied interest rate used was 10% since the notes were issued 10% less than its&#13;face value, are unsecured, mature in twelve months from issuance and convertible at $0.10 per share. In addition, the Company&#13;also granted these note holders warrants to purchase 7.9 million shares of the Company&amp;#8217; common stock. The warrants are fully&#13;vested, exercisable at $0.10 per share and expire one year from the date of issuance. As a result, the Company recorded a note&#13;discount of $1,587,000 to account for the relative fair value of the warrants, the notes&amp;#8217; beneficial conversion factor (&amp;#8220;BCF&amp;#8221;)&#13;and original issue discount (&amp;#8220;OID&amp;#8221;). The note discounts are amortized over the life of the notes or were amortized&#13;in full upon the conversion of the corresponding notes to common stock. During 2016, a total of $1,491,000 of notes payable were&#13;converted into 14.9 million shares of common stock and amortized note discount of $1,596,000 was recorded as interest expense.&#13;As of December 31, 2016, total outstanding notes payable amounted to $417,000 and unamortized note discount of $92,000. During&#13;the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company accrued interest of $21,000. As of December 31, 2016, total accrued interest amounted&#13;to $23,000 which was reported as part of convertible debentures in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;During&#13;the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued similar convertible promissory notes in the aggregate of $1,616,000 for cash&#13;proceeds of $1,469,000 and a discount of $147,000. The notes do not bear any interest; however, the implied interest rate used&#13;was 10% since the notes were issued 10% less than its face value, are unsecured, mature in twelve months from issuance and convertible&#13;at $0.05 per share. In addition, the Company also granted these note holders warrants to purchase 16,160,770 shares of the Company&amp;#8217;&#13;common stock. The warrants are fully vested, exercisable at $0.05 per share and expire one year from the date of issuance. As&#13;a result, the Company recorded a note discount of $1,616,000 to account for the relative fair value of the warrants, the notes&amp;#8217;&#13;BCF and OID. The note discounts are amortized over the life of the notes or were amortized in full upon the conversion of the&#13;corresponding notes to common stock. During 2017, a total of $1,528,000 of notes payable were converted into 29,986,732 shares&#13;of common stock and amortized note discount of $1,661,000 was recorded as interest expense. As of December 31, 2017, total outstanding&#13;notes payable amounted to $509,000 which are due through June 2018 and unamortized note discount of $47,000. During the year ended&#13;December 31, 2017, the Company accrued interest of $48,000. As of December 31, 2017, total accrued interest amounted to $71,000&#13;which was reported as part of convertible debentures in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2017,&#13;$380,600 of these notes are past due and the Company is currently in negotiations with the noteholders to settle the matured notes&#13;payable.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DebtDefaultLongtermDebtAmount contextRef="AsOf2017-12-31" unitRef="USD" decimals="0">380600</us-gaap:DebtDefaultLongtermDebtAmount>
    <us-gaap:ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwareDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2017-01-01to2017-12-31">&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.35in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;6.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Research and Development&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company constructs, develops and tests the AOT and Joule Heat technologies with internal resources and through the assistance&#13;of various third-party entities. Costs incurred and expensed include fees such as license fees, U.S. Department of Energy testing&#13;fees, purchase of test equipment, pipeline pumping equipment, crude oil tank batteries, viscometers, SCADA systems, computer equipment,&#13;payroll and other related equipment and various logistical expenses for the purposes of evaluating and testing the Company&amp;#8217;s&#13;AOT prototypes.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Costs&#13;incurred for research and development are expensed as incurred. Purchased materials that do not have an alternative future use&#13;are also expensed. Furthermore, costs incurred in the construction of prototypes with no certainty of any alternative future use&#13;and established commercial uses are also expensed.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;For&#13;the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our research and development expenses were $243,000 and $279,000, respectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;AOT&#13;Prototypes&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;During&#13;the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred total expenses of $53,000 and $64,000, respectively, in the manufacture&#13;and delivery of the AOT prototype equipment under lease agreements. These expenses have been reflected as part of Research and&#13;Development expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Temple&#13;University Licensing Agreement&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;On&#13;August 1, 2011, the Company and Temple University (&amp;#8220;Temple&amp;#8221;) entered into two (2) Exclusive License Agreements (collectively,&#13;the &amp;#8220;License Agreements&amp;#8221;) relating to Temple&amp;#8217;s patent applications, patents and technical information pertaining&#13;to technology associated with an electric and/or magnetic field assisted fuel injector system (the &amp;#8220;First Temple License&amp;#8221;),&#13;and to technology to reduce crude oil viscosity (the &amp;#8220;Second Temple License&amp;#8221;). The License Agreements are exclusive,&#13;and the territory licensed to the Company is worldwide and replace previously issued License Agreements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Pursuant&#13;to the two licensing agreements, the Company&amp;#160;paid Temple a non-refundable license maintenance fee of $300,000, and agreed&#13;to pay (i) annual maintenance fees of $187,500; (ii) royalty fee ranging from 4% up to 7% from revenues generated from the licensing&#13;agreements; and (iii) 25% of all revenues generated from sub-licensees to secure or maintain the sub-license or option thereon.&#13;The term of the licenses commenced in August 2011 and will expire upon expiration of the patents. The agreements can also be terminated&#13;by either party upon notification under terms of the licensing agreements or if the Company ceases the development of the patent&#13;or fails to commercialize the patent rights.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Total&#13;expenses recognized during each year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 pursuant to these two agreements amounted to $187,500 each&#13;year and have been reflected in Research and Development expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.&amp;#160;In&#13;addition, the Company also recognized penalty interest of $78,000 due to past due balance in the year ended December 31, 2016&#13;which has been reflected in Research and Development expenses.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;As&#13;of December 31, 2016, total unpaid fees due to Temple pursuant to these agreements amounted to $726,000, which are included as&#13;part of Accounts Payable &amp;#8211; licensing agreement in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;In&#13;July 2017, the Company and Temple amended the Second Temple License agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, the Company paid Temple&#13;$62,000 and Temple agreed to defer payment of the remaining $135,000 in unpaid licensing fee until such time the Company generates&#13;revenues totaling $835,000 from the license. In addition, the unpaid balance of $135,000 will accrue interest of 9% per annum.&#13;As of December 31, 2017, all amounts owed under the Second Temple License agreement are either current or deferred under terms&#13;of the amendment.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;As&#13;of December 31, 2017, total unpaid fees due to Temple pursuant to these agreements are $842,000, which are included as part of&#13;Accounts Payable &amp;#8211; license agreements in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. With regards to the unpaid fees to&#13;Temple, a total of $36,000 are current, $376,000 are deferred until such time the Company achieves a revenue milestone of $835,000&#13;or upon termination of the licensing agreements and the remaining $430,000 are deemed past due. The past due amount of $430,000&#13;is owed pursuant to the First Temple License. The Company is currently in negotiations with Temple to settle or cure the past&#13;due balance.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company generated $50,000 in revenue from the viscosity reduction license during the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2017.&#13;This amount is not sufficient to be subject to additional license fees under the license agreement. No revenues were earned from&#13;the two license agreements during the twelve-month period ended December 2016.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;Temple&#13;University Sponsored Research Agreement&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;On&#13;March 19, 2012, the Company entered into a Sponsored Research Agreement (&amp;#8220;Research Agreement&amp;#8221;) with Temple University&#13;(&amp;#8220;Temple&amp;#8221;), whereby Temple, under the direction of Dr. Rongjia Tao, will perform ongoing research related to the Company&amp;#8217;s&#13;AOT device (the &amp;#8220;Project&amp;#8221;), for the period April 1, 2012, through April 1, 2014. All rights and title to intellectual&#13;property resulting from Temple&amp;#8217;s work related to the Project shall be subject to the Exclusive License Agreements between&#13;Temple and the Company, dated August 1, 2011. In exchange for Temple&amp;#8217;s research efforts on the Project, the Company has&#13;agreed to pay&amp;#160;Temple&amp;#160;$500,000, payable in quarterly installments of $62,500. The agreement expired in August 2015.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;During&#13;the year ended December 31, 2016, Temple University provided a final invoice in the amount of $79,000 reconciling amounts invoiced&#13;against services provided under the Research Agreement. The Company recognized a credit against the amount due under the Research&#13;Agreement in the amount of $50,000, reducing the current payable from $129,000 to $79,000.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;As&#13;of December 31, 2017 and 2016, total unpaid fees due to Temple pursuant to this agreement amounted to $10,000 and $79,000, respectively,&#13;which are included as part of Accounts Payable &amp;#8211; license agreements in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwareDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2017-01-01to2017-12-31">&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;10.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Income Taxes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company did not provide any Federal and State income tax for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 due to the Company&amp;#8217;s&#13;net losses, other than $1,600 for the minimum state tax provision which was reported as part of operating expense in the accompanying&#13;statements of operations. A reconciliation of income taxes with the amounts computed at the statutory federal rate follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;December&amp;#160;31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 66%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Computed tax provision (benefit) at federal statutory&#13;    rate (34%)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(546,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(593,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;State income taxes, net of federal benefit (8.84%)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(142,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(154,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;689,600&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;748,600&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Income tax provision&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,600&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,600&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities recorded on the balance sheet are as follows:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;December&#13;    31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 70%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Net operating loss carry forwards&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;14,746,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;21,552,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Stock based compensation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(249,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(181,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Non-cash interest and financing expenses&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(480,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(663,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Other temporary differences&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(176,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(81,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(13,841,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(20,627,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Total deferred taxes net of valuation allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#8211;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;&#13;&#13;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;As&#13;of December 31, 2017, the Company had net operating losses available for carry forward for state and federal tax purposes of approximately&#13;$53 million expiring through 2037. These carry forward benefits will be subject to annual limitations due to the ownership change&#13;limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. The annual limitation, if imposed, may result in&#13;the expiration of net operating losses before utilization.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;As&#13;of December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $13,841,000 for its deferred tax assets since the Company&#13;believes that such assets did not meet the more likely than not criteria to be recoverable through projected future profitable&#13;operations in the foreseeable future. This valuation is based on the new federal corporate tax rate of 21% effective 2018 resulting&#13;in an effective bended state and federal tax rate of 28%.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Effective&#13;January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FASB guidance that addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected&#13;to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under this guidance, the Company may recognize the&#13;tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination&#13;by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements&#13;from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized&#13;upon ultimate settlement. The FASB also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income&#13;taxes, accounting in interim periods and requires increased disclosures. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company does not&#13;have a liability for unrecognized tax benefits.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;&#13;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;The&#13;Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and the state of California. The Company is subject to U.S.&#13;federal or state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years after 2002. During the periods open to examination, the&#13;Company has net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards for U.S. federal and state tax purposes that have attributes from&#13;closed periods. Since these net operating losses and tax credit carry forwards may be utilized in future periods, they remain&#13;subject to examination. The Company&amp;#8217;s policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax provisions as income tax&#13;expense. As of December 31, 2017, the Company has no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The Company&#13;believes that it has not taken any uncertain tax positions that would impact its consolidated financial statements as of December&#13;31, 2017 and 2016.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock contextRef="From2017-01-01to2017-12-31">&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;December&amp;#160;31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 66%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Computed tax provision (benefit) at federal statutory&#13;    rate (34%)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(546,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(593,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;State income taxes, net of federal benefit (8.84%)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(142,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(154,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Valuation allowance&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;689,600&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;748,600&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Income tax provision&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,600&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;1,600&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;/table&gt;</us-gaap:ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:SummaryOfOperatingLossCarryforwardsTextBlock contextRef="From2017-01-01to2017-12-31">&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;December&#13;    31,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2017&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;2016&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 70%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Net operating loss carry forwards&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;14,746,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;$&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;21,552,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Stock based compensation&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(249,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;(181,000&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&#13;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"&gt;&#13;    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;Non-cash interest and financing expenses&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;font style="font-size: 8pt"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&#13; 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      <link:footnote xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/footnote" xlink:label="Footnote-01" xml:lang="en-US">Company moved its headquarters to Tomball Texas under a month-to-month lease.</link:footnote>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WarrantMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Notes [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_FormerPresidentMember" xlink:label="qsep_FormerPresidentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_FormerPresidentMember" xlink:to="qsep_FormerPresidentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_FormerPresidentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Former President</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance Sheet Location [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_UnpaidSalariesMember" xlink:label="qsep_UnpaidSalariesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_UnpaidSalariesMember" xlink:to="qsep_UnpaidSalariesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_UnpaidSalariesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unpaid Salaries [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property, Plant and Equipment, Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Office equipment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Furniture and fixtures [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_TestingEquipmentMember" xlink:label="qsep_TestingEquipmentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_TestingEquipmentMember" xlink:to="qsep_TestingEquipmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_TestingEquipmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Testing equipment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Leasehold Improvements [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock Conversion Description [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_ConvertNotesMember" xlink:label="qsep_ConvertNotesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ConvertNotesMember" xlink:to="qsep_ConvertNotesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_ConvertNotesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Notes converted [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Counterparty Name [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_ConsultantsMember" xlink:label="qsep_ConsultantsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ConsultantsMember" xlink:to="qsep_ConsultantsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_ConsultantsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Consultants [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercise Price Range [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_OptionPrice1Member" xlink:label="qsep_OptionPrice1Member" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_OptionPrice1Member" xlink:to="qsep_OptionPrice1Member_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_OptionPrice1Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Option Price $ 0.05 - $ 0.99 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_OptionPrice2Member" xlink:label="qsep_OptionPrice2Member" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_OptionPrice2Member" xlink:to="qsep_OptionPrice2Member_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_OptionPrice2Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">$ 1.00 - $ 1.99 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others, Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_AOTPrototypeMember" xlink:label="qsep_AOTPrototypeMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_AOTPrototypeMember" xlink:to="qsep_AOTPrototypeMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_AOTPrototypeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">AOT Prototypes [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember" xlink:label="qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember" xlink:to="qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Temple University License Agreements [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_AccountsPayableCurrentMember" xlink:label="qsep_AccountsPayableCurrentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_AccountsPayableCurrentMember" xlink:to="qsep_AccountsPayableCurrentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_AccountsPayableCurrentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable current [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_AccountsPayableDeferredMember" xlink:label="qsep_AccountsPayableDeferredMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_AccountsPayableDeferredMember" xlink:to="qsep_AccountsPayableDeferredMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_AccountsPayableDeferredMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable deferred [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_TempleUniversityResearchDevelopmentAgreementMember" xlink:label="qsep_TempleUniversityResearchDevelopmentAgreementMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_TempleUniversityResearchDevelopmentAgreementMember" xlink:to="qsep_TempleUniversityResearchDevelopmentAgreementMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_TempleUniversityResearchDevelopmentAgreementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Temple University Sponsored Research Agreement [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Notes Payable [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Transaction Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_PrivateSaleMember" xlink:label="qsep_PrivateSaleMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_PrivateSaleMember" xlink:to="qsep_PrivateSaleMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_PrivateSaleMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Private Sale [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RangeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_RangeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RangeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RangeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RangeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Range [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_MinimumMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinimumMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinimumMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinimumMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinimumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Minimum [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_MaximumMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_MaximumMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MaximumMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_MaximumMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MaximumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Maximum [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_OptiontExercisesMember" xlink:label="qsep_OptiontExercisesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_OptiontExercisesMember" xlink:to="qsep_OptiontExercisesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_OptiontExercisesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Options Exercises [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_WarrantExercisesMember" xlink:label="qsep_WarrantExercisesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_WarrantExercisesMember" xlink:to="qsep_WarrantExercisesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_WarrantExercisesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrant Exercises [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_ConvertibleNotesMember" xlink:label="qsep_ConvertibleNotesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ConvertibleNotesMember" xlink:to="qsep_ConvertibleNotesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="qsep_ConvertibleNotesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Notes [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Commitments [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_LicenseAgreementsMember" xlink:label="qsep_LicenseAgreementsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_LicenseAgreementsMember" xlink:to="qsep_LicenseAgreementsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_LicenseAgreementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">License Agreements [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_CompensationAgreementsMember" xlink:label="qsep_CompensationAgreementsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_CompensationAgreementsMember" xlink:to="qsep_CompensationAgreementsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_CompensationAgreementsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation Agreements [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Statement Location [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_PenaltyInterestMember" xlink:label="qsep_PenaltyInterestMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_PenaltyInterestMember" xlink:to="qsep_PenaltyInterestMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_PenaltyInterestMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Penalty Interest [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_SecondTempleLicenseMember" xlink:label="qsep_SecondTempleLicenseMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_SecondTempleLicenseMember" xlink:to="qsep_SecondTempleLicenseMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_SecondTempleLicenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Second Temple License [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_AccountPayablePastDueMember" xlink:label="qsep_AccountPayablePastDueMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_AccountPayablePastDueMember" xlink:to="qsep_AccountPayablePastDueMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_AccountPayablePastDueMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable past due [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_FirstTempleLicenseMember" xlink:label="qsep_FirstTempleLicenseMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_FirstTempleLicenseMember" xlink:to="qsep_FirstTempleLicenseMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_FirstTempleLicenseMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">First Temple License [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_WarrantPrice1Member" xlink:label="qsep_WarrantPrice1Member" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_WarrantPrice1Member" xlink:to="qsep_WarrantPrice1Member_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_WarrantPrice1Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">$0.05 - $0.99 per share [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SecuritiesFinancingTransactionAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecuritiesFinancingTransactionAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SecuritiesFinancingTransactionAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_SecuritiesFinancingTransactionAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SecuritiesFinancingTransactionAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Securities Financing Transaction [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_ConvertibleNoteMember" xlink:label="qsep_ConvertibleNoteMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ConvertibleNoteMember" xlink:to="qsep_ConvertibleNoteMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_ConvertibleNoteMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Note [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" xlink:label="qsep_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" xlink:to="qsep_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document And Entity Information</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity a Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity a Voluntary Filer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity's Reporting Status Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:to="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Public Float</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2014/dei-2014-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">ASSETS</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current assets:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Cash" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Cash" xlink:to="us-gaap_Cash_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Cash_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total current assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $51,000 and $32,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current liabilities:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable and accrued expenses</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued expenses -related parties</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible debentures, net of discounts of $47,000 and $92,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated deficit</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated depreciation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Discounts on convertible debentures</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, par value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares authorized</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:to="us-gaap_Revenues_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Revenues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenues</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Research and development expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other income</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestAndDebtExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest and financing expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss on disposition of equipment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss per common share, basic and diluted</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Beginning balance, value</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued on private sale of securities, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued on private sale of securities, Value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued" xlink:label="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued" xlink:to="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount" xlink:label="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount" xlink:to="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants, amount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued on conversion of notes payable, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecuritiesNetOfAdjustments" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecuritiesNetOfAdjustments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecuritiesNetOfAdjustments" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecuritiesNetOfAdjustments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecuritiesNetOfAdjustments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued on conversion of notes payable, value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued for services, shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued for services, value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair value of warrants and beneficial conversion feature of issued convertible notes</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair value of options and warrants issued as compensation</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharesOutstanding_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ending balance, shares</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ending balance, value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash flows from Operating Activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock based compensation expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IssuanceOfStockAndWarrantsForServicesOrClaims" xlink:label="us-gaap_IssuanceOfStockAndWarrantsForServicesOrClaims" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IssuanceOfStockAndWarrantsForServicesOrClaims" xlink:to="us-gaap_IssuanceOfStockAndWarrantsForServicesOrClaims_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IssuanceOfStockAndWarrantsForServicesOrClaims_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Issuance of common stock for services</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts" xlink:to="us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization of debt discount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInterestPayableNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInterestPayableNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInterestPayableNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInterestPayableNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInterestPayableNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued interest</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss on disposition of assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation and amortization</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable and accrued expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable - license agreements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableRelatedParties" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableRelatedParties" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableRelatedParties" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableRelatedParties_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableRelatedParties_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable and accrued expenses - related parties</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deposits and other current liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash used in operating activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash flows from investing activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase of equipment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsDisclosureTextBlock" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LicenseCosts" xlink:to="us-gaap_LicenseCosts_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LicenseCosts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Patent costs</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable to related parties</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and equipment, gross</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less: accumulated depreciation</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property and equipment, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Depreciation" xlink:to="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Depreciation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cost of property disposed</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation" xlink:label="qsep_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation" xlink:to="qsep_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated depreciation of disposed property</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss on disposition of property</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible note</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subtotal</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible note discount</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible notes issued</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from convertible notes</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants granted with note</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_OriginalIssueDiscount" xlink:label="qsep_OriginalIssueDiscount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_OriginalIssueDiscount" xlink:to="qsep_OriginalIssueDiscount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_OriginalIssueDiscount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Original Issue Discount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ConvertibleDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertibleDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible note payable outstanding</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unamortized discount</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt converted, amount converted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt converted, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest expense</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued interest</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DebtDefaultLongtermDebtAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtDefaultLongtermDebtAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtDefaultLongtermDebtAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtDefaultLongtermDebtAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtDefaultLongtermDebtAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Notes in default</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts payable - licensing agreement</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:to="us-gaap_Revenues_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Revenues_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">License revenue generated</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsForOtherOperatingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForOtherOperatingActivities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsForOtherOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsForOtherOperatingActivities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForOtherOperatingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payments for license agreement</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest rate</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, shares authorized</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued during period, shares</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from sale of common stock</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share price (in dollars per share)</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued on conversion of notes, shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from exercise of warrants</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued upon exercise of options, shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from exercise of options</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued for services, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Options outstanding, beginning balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Options granted</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Options exercised</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Options cancelled</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Options outstanding, ending balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, outstanding beginning balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, granted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, exercised</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, cancelled</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, outstanding ending balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract" xlink:label="qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract" xlink:to="qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding Options</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Life (Years)</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract" xlink:label="qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract" xlink:to="qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercisable Options</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTermSimplifiedMethod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTermSimplifiedMethod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTermSimplifiedMethod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTermSimplifiedMethod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTermSimplifiedMethod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Expected life (years)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Risk free interest rate-minimum</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Risk free interest rate-maximum</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Volatility-miminum</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Volatility-maximum</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Expected dividend yield</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants outstanding, beginning balance</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants granted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants exercised</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExpirations" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExpirations" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExpirations" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExpirations_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExpirations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants cancelled</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants outstanding, ending balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, outstanding beginning balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, granted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, exercised</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, cancelled</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted Average Exercise Price, outstanding ending balance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract" xlink:label="qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract" xlink:to="qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding Warrants</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Life (Years)</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted average exercise price, warrants outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_ExercisableWarrantsAbstract" xlink:label="qsep_ExercisableWarrantsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ExercisableWarrantsAbstract" xlink:to="qsep_ExercisableWarrantsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_ExercisableWarrantsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exercisable Warrants</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights" xlink:to="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants exercisable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardWarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:label="qsep_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardWarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardWarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice" xlink:to="qsep_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardWarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardWarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted average exercise price, warrants exercisable</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted average remaining contractual life</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate intrinsic value of warrants</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants issued</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Options granted, shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="qsep-20171231.xsd#qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate" xlink:label="qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate" xlink:to="qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair value of options at grant date</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation costs recognized</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Compensation costs amortized</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment to warrants</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unamortized compensation expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2018</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2019</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2020</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2021</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2022</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Future minimum operating lease commitment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other commitment, 2018</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other commitment, 2019</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other commitment, 2020</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other commitment, 2021</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other commitment, 2022</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OtherCommitment" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherCommitment" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherCommitment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherCommitment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other commitment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_LeaseAndRentalExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseAndRentalExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseAndRentalExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseAndRentalExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseAndRentalExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rent expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Federal tax rate</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">State tax rate</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Computed tax provision (benefit) at federal statutory rate (34%)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">State income taxes, net of federal benefit (8.84%)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Valuation allowance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income tax provision</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net operating loss carry forwards</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock based compensation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseOther" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseOther" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseOther_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-cash interest and financing expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsOther" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsOther" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsOther" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsOther_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other temporary differences</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Valuation allowance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total deferred taxes net of valuation allowance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net operating loss carryforward</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2017/elts/us-gaap-2017-01-31.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Carryforward expiration date</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued" xlink:to="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount" xlink:to="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants, amount</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_NetProceedsFromExerciseOfWarrantsAndOptions" xlink:to="qsep_NetProceedsFromExerciseOfWarrantsAndOptions_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_NetProceedsFromExerciseOfWarrantsAndOptions_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Net proceeds from exercise of warrants and options</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_DepositConvertedToNotePayable" xlink:to="qsep_DepositConvertedToNotePayable_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_DepositConvertedToNotePayable_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Deposit converted to note payable</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockWarrantPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock" xlink:to="qsep_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockWarrantPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockWarrantPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Warrants outstanding by Per Share Price [Table Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_FormerPresidentMember" xlink:to="qsep_FormerPresidentMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_FormerPresidentMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Former President Member</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_TestingEquipmentMember" xlink:to="qsep_TestingEquipmentMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_TestingEquipmentMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Testing Equipment Member</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation" xlink:to="qsep_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Amount of divestiture of long-lived, physical assets, accumulated depreciation, used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ConvertNotesMember" xlink:to="qsep_ConvertNotesMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_ConvertNotesMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Notes [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ConsultantsMember" xlink:to="qsep_ConsultantsMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_ConsultantsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Consultants Member</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract" xlink:to="qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding options [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract" xlink:to="qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Options Exercisable [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_AOTPrototypeMember" xlink:to="qsep_AOTPrototypeMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_AOTPrototypeMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">AOT Prototype Member</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember" xlink:to="qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Temple university license agreements.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_AccountsPayableDeferredMember" xlink:to="qsep_AccountsPayableDeferredMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="qsep_AccountsPayableDeferredMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Accounts Payable - deferred [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="qsep_AccountPayablePastDueMember" xlink:to="qsep_AccountPayablePastDueMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
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<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer', window );">Entity a Well-known Seasoned Issuer</a></td>
<td class="text">No<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers', window );">Entity a Voluntary Filer</a></td>
<td class="text">No<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus', window );">Entity's Reporting Status Current</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory', window );">Entity Filer Category</a></td>
<td class="text">Smaller Reporting Company<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityPublicFloat', window );">Entity Public Float</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 46,448,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">236,176,617<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Period Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">FY<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus', window );">Document Fiscal Year Focus</a></td>
<td class="text">2017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>If the value is true, then the document is an amendment to previously-filed/accepted document.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal period of the document report. For a first quarter 2006 quarterly report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, the first fiscal quarter should be given as the fiscal period focus. Values: FY, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, H1, H2, M9, T1, T2, T3, M8, CY.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fiscalPeriodItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal year of the document report in CCYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word "Other".</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12b<br> -Subsection 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate "Yes" or "No" whether registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: (1) Large Accelerated Filer, (2) Accelerated Filer, (3) Non-accelerated Filer, (4) Smaller Reporting Company (Non-accelerated) or (5) Smaller Reporting Accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFilerCategory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:filerCategoryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityPublicFloat">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>State aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to price at which the common equity was last sold, or average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter. The public float should be reported on the cover page of the registrants form 10K.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityPublicFloat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12b<br> -Subsection 1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate "Yes" or "No" if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate "Yes" or "No" if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Is used on Form Type: 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, 20-F, 6-K, 10-K/A, 10-Q/A, 20-F/A, 6-K/A, N-CSR, N-Q, N-1A.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
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<SEQUENCE>14
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6806368064">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Cash', window );">Cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 204,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 136,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">38,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">242,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">162,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $51,000 and $32,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively</a></td>
<td class="nump">46,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">290,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">186,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable-license agreements</a></td>
<td class="nump">852,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">805,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accounts payable and accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">748,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">251,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses -related parties</a></td>
<td class="nump">31,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">135,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Deposit and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent', window );">Convertible debentures, net of discounts of $47,000 and $92,000 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively</a></td>
<td class="nump">533,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">348,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,164,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,544,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies', window );">Commitments and contingencies</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Stockholders' deficit</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Common stock, $0.001 par value: 500,000,000 shares authorized, 234,076,907 shares issued and outstanding, and 300,000,000 shares authorized, 199,045,026 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively</a></td>
<td class="nump">234,077<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">199,045<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">108,000,923<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">103,716,955<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Accumulated deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(110,109,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(105,274,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total stockholders' deficit</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,874,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,358,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 290,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 186,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying values as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred through that date and due within one year (or the operating cycle, if longer), including liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received, taxes, interest, rent and utilities, accrued salaries and bonuses, payroll taxes and fringe benefits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19,20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount for accounts payable to related parties. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6457730&amp;loc=d3e39549-107864<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6457730&amp;loc=d3e39603-107864<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6457730&amp;loc=d3e39622-107864<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(k)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Excess of issue price over par or stated value of the entity's capital stock and amounts received from other transactions involving the entity's stock or stockholders. Includes adjustments to additional paid in capital. Some examples of such adjustments include recording the issuance of debt with a beneficial conversion feature and certain tax consequences of equity instruments awarded to employees. Use this element for the aggregate amount of additional paid-in capital associated with common and preferred stock. For additional paid-in capital associated with only common stock, use the element additional paid in capital, common stock. For additional paid-in capital associated with only preferred stock, use the element additional paid in capital, preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(12))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(11))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold, or consumed within one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer). Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.9)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6801-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Cash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Cash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the caption on the face of the balance sheet to indicate that the entity has entered into (1) purchase or supply arrangements that will require expending a portion of its resources to meet the terms thereof, and (2) is exposed to potential losses or, less frequently, gains, arising from (a) possible claims against a company's resources due to future performance under contract terms, and (b) possible losses or likely gains from uncertainties that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events that are deemed likely to occur do occur or fail to occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03.(a),19)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82911808&amp;loc=d3e14326-108349<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03.17)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.25)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the portion of long-term debt due within one year or the operating cycle if longer identified as Convertible Notes Payable. Convertible Notes Payable is a written promise to pay a note which can be exchanged for a specified amount of another, related security, at the option of the issuer and the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(23))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(25))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(32))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.21)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expenses incurred but not yet paid classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e7018-107765<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6911-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6935-107765<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.17)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(7))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6676-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cumulative amount of the reporting entity's undistributed earnings or deficit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27010918&amp;loc=d3e74512-122707<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6808185264">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract', window );"><strong>Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Accumulated depreciation</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 51,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 32,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount', window );">Discounts on convertible debentures</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 47,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 92,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">500,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">234,076,907<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">199,045,026<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Common stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">234,076,907<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">199,045,026<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization for physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.14)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization, of debt discount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64930785&amp;loc=d3e28541-108399<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64930739&amp;loc=d3e28878-108400<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementOfFinancialPositionAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6808486480">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Statement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 50,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Operating expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,938,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,103,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">243,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">279,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Loss before other income (expense)</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,131,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,382,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Other income</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestAndDebtExpense', window );">Interest and financing expense</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,704,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,617,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1', window );">Loss on disposition of equipment</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net Loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (4,835,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted', window );">Net loss per common share, basic and diluted</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (0.02)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (0.02)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted', window );">Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted</a></td>
<td class="nump">217,790,405<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">192,831,810<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income or loss for the period per each share in instances when basic and diluted earnings per share are the same amount and reported as a single line item on the face of the financial statements.  Basic earnings per share is the amount of net income or loss for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.  Diluted earnings per share includes the amount of net income or loss for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasicAndDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) on sale or disposal of assets, including but not limited to property plant and equipment, intangible assets and equity in securities of subsidiaries or equity method investee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68055307&amp;loc=d3e2443-110228<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations before deduction of income tax expense (benefit) and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest, and addition of income (loss) from equity method investments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h)(1)(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesMinorityInterestAndIncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestAndDebtExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Interest and debt related expenses associated with nonoperating financing activities of the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6450988&amp;loc=d3e26243-108391<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestAndDebtExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (expense) related to nonoperating activities, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.9)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility, and costs allocated in accounting for a business combination to in-process projects deemed to have no alternative future use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420194&amp;loc=d3e21568-108373<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128462-111756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Revenues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Revenues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfShareOutstandingBasicAndDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6808306480">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Common Stock [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Additional Paid-In Capital [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Accumulated Deficit [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Total</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Beginning balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2015</a></td>
<td class="nump">183,831,577<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Beginning balance, value at Dec. 31, 2015</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 183,832<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,308,168<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (101,274,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (782,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities', window );">Common stock issued on conversion of notes payable, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,913,449<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecuritiesNetOfAdjustments', window );">Common stock issued on conversion of notes payable, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,913<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,476,087<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,491,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices', window );">Common stock issued for services, shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">300,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices', window );">Common stock issued for services, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 300<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">47,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature', window );">Fair value of warrants and beneficial conversion feature of issued convertible notes</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,443,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,443,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Fair value of options and warrants issued as compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">442,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">442,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Ending balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2016</a></td>
<td class="nump">199,045,026<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Ending balance, value at Dec. 31, 2016</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 199,045<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">103,716,955<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(105,274,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,358,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Common stock issued on private sale of securities, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">181,355<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues', window );">Common stock issued on private sale of securities, Value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 181<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,819<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">38,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued', window );">Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,863,754<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount', window );">Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants, amount</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,864<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">391,136<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">396,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities', window );">Common stock issued on conversion of notes payable, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">29,986,772<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecuritiesNetOfAdjustments', window );">Common stock issued on conversion of notes payable, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 29,987<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,498,013<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,528,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature', window );">Fair value of warrants and beneficial conversion feature of issued convertible notes</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,469,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,469,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Fair value of options and warrants issued as compensation</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">888,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">888,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,835,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,835,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding', window );">Ending balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2017</a></td>
<td class="nump">234,076,907<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Ending balance, value at Dec. 31, 2017</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 234,077<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 108,000,923<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (110,109,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,874,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants, amount</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants, shares issued</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in additional paid in capital (APIC) resulting from recognition of deferred taxes for convertible debt with a beneficial conversion feature.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 51<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96868398&amp;loc=d3e34017-109320<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase to additional paid-in capital (APIC) from recognition of equity-based compensation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=79507207&amp;loc=d3e4534-113899<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5047-113901<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96864182&amp;loc=d3e11149-113907<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96864182&amp;loc=d3e11178-113907<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued which are neither cancelled nor held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued during the period as a result of the conversion of convertible securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-30)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21475-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued in lieu of cash for services contributed to the entity. Number of shares includes, but is not limited to, shares issued for services contributed by vendors and founders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecuritiesNetOfAdjustments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net amount of stock issued during the period upon the conversion of convertible securities, net of adjustments (for example, to additional paid in capital) including the write-off of an equity component recognized to record the convertible debt instrument as two separate components - a debt component and an equity component. This item is meant to disclose the value of shares issued on conversion of convertible securities that were recorded as two separate (debt and equity) components.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecuritiesNetOfAdjustments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued in lieu of cash for services contributed to the entity. Value of the stock issued includes, but is not limited to, services contributed by vendors and founders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity impact of the value of new stock issued during the period. Includes shares issued in an initial public offering or a secondary public offering.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27010918&amp;loc=d3e74512-122707<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6808795936">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash flows from Operating Activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (4,835,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">888,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">442,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IssuanceOfStockAndWarrantsForServicesOrClaims', window );">Issuance of common stock for services</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">48,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts', window );">Amortization of debt discount</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,661,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,594,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInterestPayableNet', window );">Accrued interest</a></td>
<td class="nump">52,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1', window );">Loss on disposition of assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract', window );"><strong>Changes in operating assets and liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets', window );">Prepaid expenses and other current assets</a></td>
<td class="num">(6,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities', window );">Accounts payable and accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">497,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">69,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable', window );">Accounts payable - license agreements</a></td>
<td class="nump">47,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">215,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableRelatedParties', window );">Accounts payable and accrued expenses - related parties</a></td>
<td class="num">(104,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(56,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities', window );">Deposits and other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="num">(5,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net cash used in operating activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,786,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,626,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash flows from investing activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Purchase of equipment</a></td>
<td class="num">(49,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net cash used in investing activities</a></td>
<td class="num">(49,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash flows from financing activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Net proceeds from private sale of restricted common stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">38,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt', window );">Net proceeds from issuance of convertible notes and warrants</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,469,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,418,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_NetProceedsFromExerciseOfWarrantsAndOptions', window );">Net proceeds from exercise of warrants and options</a></td>
<td class="nump">396,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by financing activities</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,903,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,418,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashPeriodIncreaseDecrease', window );">Net decrease in cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">68,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(213,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Cash', window );">Cash, beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">136,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">349,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Cash', window );">Cash, end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">204,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">136,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SupplementalCashFlowElementsAbstract', window );"><strong>Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet', window );">Cash paid during the year for: Interest</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet', window );">Cash paid during the year for: Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,600<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Non-cash investing and financing activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueConversionOfConvertibleSecuritiesNetOfAdjustments', window );">Conversion of convertible debentures to common stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,528,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,491,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_DepositConvertedToNotePayable', window );">Deposit exchanged to convertible note payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature', window );">Fair value of warrants and beneficial conversion feature associated with issued convertible notes</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,469,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,443,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_DepositConvertedToNotePayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Deposit converted to note payable</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_DepositConvertedToNotePayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_NetProceedsFromExerciseOfWarrantsAndOptions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net proceeds from exercise of warrants and options</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_NetProceedsFromExerciseOfWarrantsAndOptions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in additional paid in capital (APIC) resulting from recognition of deferred taxes for convertible debt with a beneficial conversion feature.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 51<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96868398&amp;loc=d3e34017-109320<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalConvertibleDebtWithConversionFeature</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization expense attributable to debt discount (premium) and debt issuance costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AmortizationOfFinancingCostsAndDiscounts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Cash">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Cash</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashFlowNoncashInvestingAndFinancingActivitiesDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashPeriodIncreaseDecrease">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash. Cash is the amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Includes effect from exchange rate changes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513438&amp;loc=d3e33268-110906<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashPeriodIncreaseDecrease</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The current period expense charged against earnings on long-lived, physical assets not used in production, and which are not intended for resale, to allocate or recognize the cost of such assets over their useful lives; or to record the reduction in book value of an intangible asset over the benefit period of such asset; or to reflect consumption during the period of an asset that is not used in production.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) on sale or disposal of assets, including but not limited to property plant and equipment, intangible assets and equity in securities of subsidiaries or equity method investee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68055307&amp;loc=d3e2443-110228<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of cash paid during the current period to foreign, federal, state, and local authorities as taxes on income, net of any cash received during the current period as refunds for the overpayment of taxes.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4297-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxesPaidNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate amount of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the amounts payable to vendors for goods and services received and the amount of obligations and expenses incurred but not paid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableRelatedParties">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the obligations due for goods and services provided by the following types of related parties: a parent company and its subsidiaries, subsidiaries of a common parent, an entity and trust for the benefit of employees, such as pension and profit-sharing trusts that are managed by or under the trusteeship of the entities' management, an entity and its principal owners, management, or member of their immediate families, affiliates, or other parties with the ability to exert significant influence.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableRelatedParties</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in interest payable, which represents the amount owed to note holders, bond holders, and other parties for interest earned on loans or credit extended to the reporting entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInterestPayableNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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</table></div>
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</table>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in current liabilities classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in prepaid expenses, and assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestPaidNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash paid, after deduction of cash paid for capitalized interest, for interest. Includes, but is not limited to, payment to settle zero-coupon bond for accreted interest of debt discount and debt instrument with insignificant coupon interest rate in relation to effective interest rate of borrowing attributable to accreted interest of debt discount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4297-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestPaidNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IssuanceOfStockAndWarrantsForServicesOrClaims">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of share-based compensation granted to nonemployees as payment for services rendered or acknowledged claims.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IssuanceOfStockAndWarrantsForServicesOrClaims</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities, including discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 26<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3574-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities, including discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 26<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3574-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, including discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3536-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3213-108585<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of noncash, equity-based employee remuneration. This may include the value of stock or unit options, amortization of restricted stock or units, and adjustment for officers' compensation. As noncash, this element is an add back when calculating net cash generated by operating activities using the indirect method.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net amount of stock issued during the period upon the conversion of convertible securities, net of adjustments (for example, to additional paid in capital) including the write-off of an equity component recognized to record the convertible debt instrument as two separate components - a debt component and an equity component. This item is meant to disclose the value of shares issued on conversion of convertible securities that were recorded as two separate (debt and equity) components.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6799464160">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>1. Description of Business<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract', window );"><strong>Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Description of Business</a></td>
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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>1.</b></font></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Description of
    Business</b></font></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Description of
Business</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">QS
Energy, Inc. (&#8220;QS Energy&#8221;, &#8220;Company&#8221;) was incorporated on February 18, 1998, as a Nevada Corporation under
the name Mandalay Capital Corporation. The Company changed its name to Save the World Air, Inc. on February 11, 1999. Effective
August 11, 2015, the Company changed its name to QS Energy, Inc. The Company&#8217;s common stock is quoted under the symbol &#8220;QSEP&#8221;
on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board. More information including the Company&#8217;s fact sheet, logos and media articles are
available at our corporate website, www.qsenergy.com.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">QS
Energy develops and commercializes energy efficiency technologies that assist in meeting increasing global energy demands, improving
the economics of oil extraction and transport, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Company's intellectual properties include
a portfolio of domestic and international patents and patents pending, a substantial portion of which have been developed in conjunction
with and exclusively licensed from Temple University of Philadelphia, PA (&#8220;Temple&#8221;). QS Energy's primary technology
is called Applied Oil Technology (AOT), a commercial-grade crude oil pipeline transportation flow-assurance product. Engineered
specifically to reduce pipeline pressure loss, increase pipeline flow rate and capacity, and reduce shippers&#8217; reliance on
diluents and drag reducing agents to meet pipeline maximum viscosity requirements, AOT is a 100% solid-state system that reduces
crude oil viscosity by applying a high intensity electrical field to crude oil feedstock while in transit. The AOT product has
transitioned from the research and development stage to initial production for continued testing in advance of our goal of seeking
acceptance and adoption by the midstream pipeline marketplace.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company also began commercial development of a suite of products based around the Joule Heat technology. The Company began fabrication
of prototype equipment to be operated under a joint development agreement with a commercial entity in the fourth quarter of 2014.
The Company&#8217;s first Joule Heat prototype was installed for testing purposes at the Newfield facility in June 2015 and the
system is operational; however, changes to the prototype configuration will be required to determine commercial effectiveness
of this unit. In addition, the Company filed two additional provisional patents related to the technology&#8217;s method and apparatus.
In December 2015, we temporarily suspended Joule Heat development activities to focus Company resources on finalizing commercial
development of the AOT Midstream. We currently plan to resume Joule Heat development in in the future depending on the availability
of sufficient capital and other resources.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Going Concern</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization
of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As reflected in the accompanying
consolidated financial statements, during the twelve-months ended December 31, 2017, the Company incurred a net loss of $4,835,000,
used cash in operations of $1,786,000 and had a stockholders&#8217; deficit of $1,874,000 as of that date. These factors raise
substantial doubt about the Company&#8217;s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial
statements are issued. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the Company&#8217;s ability
to raise additional funds and implement its business plan. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might
be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"></font>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">At
December 31, 2017, the Company had cash on hand in the amount of $204,000. Management estimates that the current funds on hand
will be sufficient to continue operations through April 2018. Management is currently seeking additional funds, primarily through
the issuance of debt and equity securities for cash to operate our business, including without limitation the expenses it will
incur in connection with the license and research and development agreements with Temple University; costs associated with product
development and commercialization of the AOT technology; costs to manufacture and ship the products; costs to design and implement
an effective system of internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures; costs of maintaining our status as a public company
by filing periodic reports with the SEC and costs required to protect our intellectual property. In addition, as discussed below,
the Company has substantial contractual commitments, including without limitation, payment of license and other fees to Temple
University, salaries to our executive officers pursuant to employment agreements, certain payments to a former officer and consulting
fees, during the remainder of 2018 and beyond.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">No
assurance can be given that any future financing will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory
to the Company. Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing, it may contain undue restrictions on our operations,
in the case of debt financing or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders in case of equity financing.</font></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 205<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2122149<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2197479<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6635809744">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock', window );">Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>2.</b></font></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Summary of Significant
    Accounting Policies</b></font></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Consolidation
Policy</u></b></font></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements of QS Energy Inc. include the accounts of QS Energy Inc. (the Parent) and its wholly
owned subsidiaries, QS Energy Pool, Inc. and STWA Asia Pte. Limited. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated
in consolidation.</font></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Revenue Recognition
Policy</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company leases its primary technology, and recognizes lease revenue ratably over the life of the lease upon commencement of the
lease. Revenue on future product sales will be recognized upon meeting the following criteria: persuasive evidence of an arrangement
exists; delivery has occurred or services rendered; the seller's price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability
is reasonably assured.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Property and Equipment
and Depreciation</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Property
and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives
of the assets, generally ranging from three to ten years. Expenditures for major renewals and improvements that extend the useful
lives of property and equipment are capitalized. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred.
Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset
or the lease term.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Impairment of
Long-lived Assets</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Our
long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment at least annually, or when events and circumstances
indicate that depreciable or amortizable long-lived assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated
by those assets are less than the carrying amount of those assets. When specific assets are determined to be unrecoverable, the
cost basis of the asset is reduced to reflect the current value.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">We
use various assumptions in determining the current fair value of these assets, including future expected cash flows and discount
rates, as well as other fair value measures. Our impairment loss calculations require us to apply judgment in estimating future
cash flows, including forecasting useful lives of the assets and selecting the discount rate that reflects the risk inherent in
future cash flows.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">If
actual results are not consistent with our assumptions and judgments used in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values,
we may be exposed to future impairment losses that could be material to our results. Based upon management&#8217;s annual review,
no impairments were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2017, and 2016.</font></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Loss per Share</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Basic
loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares
outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share reflects the potential dilution, using the treasury stock method that could
occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the
issuance of common stock that then shared in the loss of the Company. In computing diluted loss per share, the treasury stock
method assumes that outstanding options and warrants are exercised, and the proceeds are used to purchase common stock at the
average market price during the period. Options and warrants may have a dilutive effect under the treasury stock method only when
the average market price of the common stock during the period exceeds the exercise price of the options and warrants.</font></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">For
the years ended December&#160;31, 2017 and 2016, the dilutive impact of outstanding stock options of 35,397,675 shares and 23,474,256
shares; outstanding warrants of 17,622,437 shares and 11,446,892 shares; and notes convertible into 4,847,333 and 2,540,211 shares
of our common stock, respectively,&#160;have been excluded because their impact on the loss per share is anti-dilutive.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Income Taxes</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Income
taxes are recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets
are recognized for the future tax consequences of transactions that have been recognized in the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial
statements or tax returns. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or entire deferred
tax asset will not be realized.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Stock-Based Compensation</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company periodically issues stock options and warrants to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for
services and for financing costs. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to employees based
on the authoritative guidance provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#8220;FASB&#8221;) whereas the value of the
award is measured on the date of grant and recognized over the vesting period. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant
grants issued and vesting to non-employees in accordance with the authoritative guidance of the FASB whereas the value of the
stock compensation is based upon the measurement date as determined at either a) the date at which a performance commitment is
reached, or b) at the date at which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete. Non-employee stock-based
compensation charges generally are amortized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. In certain circumstances where
there are no future performance requirements by the non-employee, option grants are immediately vested and the total stock-based
compensation charge is recorded in the period of the measurement date.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
fair value of the Company's&#160;stock options and warrants grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model, which
uses certain assumptions related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility, expected life of the stock options or warrants,
and future dividends. Compensation expense is recorded based upon the value derived from the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model,
and based on actual experience. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model could materially affect compensation
expense recorded in future periods.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Estimates</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant
estimates include those related to assumptions used in impairment analysis for property and equipment, valuing accruals and equity
instruments issued for services, realization of deferred tax assets, among others. Actual results could differ from those estimates.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Fair Value of
Financial Instruments</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Effective
January 1, 2008, fair value measurements are determined by the Company's adoption of authoritative guidance issued by the FASB,
with the exception of the application of the statement to non-recurring, non-financial assets and liabilities as permitted. The
adoption of the authoritative guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's fair value measurements. Fair value is
defined in the authoritative guidance as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in
the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at
the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy was established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into three
broad levels as follows:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Level&#160;1&#8212;Quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Level&#160;2&#8212;Inputs,
other than the quoted prices in active markets, are observable either directly or indirectly.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Level&#160;3&#8212;Unobservable
inputs based on the Company's assumptions.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company is required to use of observable market data if such data is available without undue cost and effort.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
carrying amounts for cash, accounts payable, accrued expenses and convertible debentures approximate their fair value due to their
short-term nature.</font></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Research and Development
Costs</u></b></font></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Costs
incurred for research and development are expensed as incurred. Purchased materials that do not have an alternative future use
are also expensed. Furthermore, costs incurred in the construction of prototypes with no certainty of any alternative future use
and established commercial uses are also expensed.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">For
the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 research and development costs were $243,000 and $279,000, respectively.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Patent Costs</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Patent
costs consist of patent-related legal and filing fees. Due to the uncertainty associated with the successful development of our
AOT and Joule Heat products, all patent costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, patent
costs were $45,000 and $64,000, respectively, and were included as part of operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated
statements of operations.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Recent Accounting
Pronouncements</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts
with Customers. ASU 2014-09 is a comprehensive revenue recognition standard that will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition
guidance under current U.S. GAAP and replace it with a principle-based approach for determining revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09
will require that companies recognize revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services as they occur in the contract.
The ASU also will require additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising
from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to
obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Entities
will be able to transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption.
The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2014-09 on the Company&#8217;s financial statements and disclosures
but does not believe adoption of this pronouncement will have a material effect, if any.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, <i>Leases</i>. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to
record a right of use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12
months. ASU 2016-02 is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption
is permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at,
or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical
expedients available. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on the Company&#8217;s financial statements
and disclosures.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
March 2016, the FASB issued the ASU 2016-09, <i>Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)</i>: Improvements to Employee Share-Based
Payment Accounting. The amendments in this ASU require, among other things, that all income tax effects of awards be recognized
in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled. The ASU also allows for an employer to repurchase more of an employee's
shares than it can today for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting and allows for a policy election
to account for forfeitures as they occur. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for any entity in any interim or annual
period. The Company is currently evaluating the expected impact that the standard could have on its financial statements and related
disclosures.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Other
recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified
Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact
on the Company's present or future consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.</font></p><span></span>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6799422240">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>3. Accrued Expenses - Related Parties<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Related Party Transactions [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Accrued
Expenses &#8211; Related Parties consists of unpaid salaries and corresponding payroll taxes of officer&#8217;s salaries, unused
vacation of officers and unpaid board and committee fees to members of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors. As of December
31, 2017 and 2016, total accrued expenses &#8211; related parties amounted to $31,000 and $135,000, respectively. Included in
these accruals are the unpaid salaries to a former President and current member of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors of $0
and $15,000, respectively.</font></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners; and (d) affiliates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2122745<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6618351296">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>4. Property and Equipment<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(32,000</font></td>
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the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company disposed of certain property and equipment with aggregate costs of $38,000 and accumulated
depreciation of $35,000 which resulted in a loss of $3,000. Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016
was $19,000 and $7,000, respectively.</font></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for long-lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, accounting policies and methodology, roll forwards, depreciation, depletion and amortization expense, including composite depreciation, accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization expense, useful lives and method used, income statement disclosures, assets held for sale and public utility disclosures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2155823<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6799417344">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>5. Convertible Notes and Warrants<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Debt Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Convertible Notes and Warrants</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"></font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>5.</b></font></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Convertible Notes
    and Warrants</b></font></td></tr>
</table>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><font style="font-size: 8pt">December&#160;31,</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><font style="font-size: 8pt">2017</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
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</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">During
the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company issued convertible promissory notes in the aggregate of $1,587,000 for cash proceeds
of $1,418,000 and conversion of a deposit received from an investor in 2015 amounting to $25,000 and a discount of $144,000. The
notes do not bear any interest; however, the implied interest rate used was 10% since the notes were issued 10% less than its
face value, are unsecured, mature in twelve months from issuance and convertible at $0.10 per share. In addition, the Company
also granted these note holders warrants to purchase 7.9 million shares of the Company&#8217; common stock. The warrants are fully
vested, exercisable at $0.10 per share and expire one year from the date of issuance. As a result, the Company recorded a note
discount of $1,587,000 to account for the relative fair value of the warrants, the notes&#8217; beneficial conversion factor (&#8220;BCF&#8221;)
and original issue discount (&#8220;OID&#8221;). The note discounts are amortized over the life of the notes or were amortized
in full upon the conversion of the corresponding notes to common stock. During 2016, a total of $1,491,000 of notes payable were
converted into 14.9 million shares of common stock and amortized note discount of $1,596,000 was recorded as interest expense.
As of December 31, 2016, total outstanding notes payable amounted to $417,000 and unamortized note discount of $92,000. During
the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company accrued interest of $21,000. As of December 31, 2016, total accrued interest amounted
to $23,000 which was reported as part of convertible debentures in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">During
the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued similar convertible promissory notes in the aggregate of $1,616,000 for cash
proceeds of $1,469,000 and a discount of $147,000. The notes do not bear any interest; however, the implied interest rate used
was 10% since the notes were issued 10% less than its face value, are unsecured, mature in twelve months from issuance and convertible
at $0.05 per share. In addition, the Company also granted these note holders warrants to purchase 16,160,770 shares of the Company&#8217;
common stock. The warrants are fully vested, exercisable at $0.05 per share and expire one year from the date of issuance. As
a result, the Company recorded a note discount of $1,616,000 to account for the relative fair value of the warrants, the notes&#8217;
BCF and OID. The note discounts are amortized over the life of the notes or were amortized in full upon the conversion of the
corresponding notes to common stock. During 2017, a total of $1,528,000 of notes payable were converted into 29,986,732 shares
of common stock and amortized note discount of $1,661,000 was recorded as interest expense. As of December 31, 2017, total outstanding
notes payable amounted to $509,000 which are due through June 2018 and unamortized note discount of $47,000. During the year ended
December 31, 2017, the Company accrued interest of $48,000. As of December 31, 2017, total accrued interest amounted to $71,000
which was reported as part of convertible debentures in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2017,
$380,600 of these notes are past due and the Company is currently in negotiations with the noteholders to settle the matured notes
payable.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.</p></div>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>6. Research and Development<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
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<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>6.</b></font></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Research and Development</b></font></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company constructs, develops and tests the AOT and Joule Heat technologies with internal resources and through the assistance
of various third-party entities. Costs incurred and expensed include fees such as license fees, U.S. Department of Energy testing
fees, purchase of test equipment, pipeline pumping equipment, crude oil tank batteries, viscometers, SCADA systems, computer equipment,
payroll and other related equipment and various logistical expenses for the purposes of evaluating and testing the Company&#8217;s
AOT prototypes.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Costs
incurred for research and development are expensed as incurred. Purchased materials that do not have an alternative future use
are also expensed. Furthermore, costs incurred in the construction of prototypes with no certainty of any alternative future use
and established commercial uses are also expensed.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">For
the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our research and development expenses were $243,000 and $279,000, respectively.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>AOT
Prototypes</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">During
the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred total expenses of $53,000 and $64,000, respectively, in the manufacture
and delivery of the AOT prototype equipment under lease agreements. These expenses have been reflected as part of Research and
Development expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Temple
University Licensing Agreement</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">On
August 1, 2011, the Company and Temple University (&#8220;Temple&#8221;) entered into two (2) Exclusive License Agreements (collectively,
the &#8220;License Agreements&#8221;) relating to Temple&#8217;s patent applications, patents and technical information pertaining
to technology associated with an electric and/or magnetic field assisted fuel injector system (the &#8220;First Temple License&#8221;),
and to technology to reduce crude oil viscosity (the &#8220;Second Temple License&#8221;). The License Agreements are exclusive,
and the territory licensed to the Company is worldwide and replace previously issued License Agreements.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Pursuant
to the two licensing agreements, the Company&#160;paid Temple a non-refundable license maintenance fee of $300,000, and agreed
to pay (i) annual maintenance fees of $187,500; (ii) royalty fee ranging from 4% up to 7% from revenues generated from the licensing
agreements; and (iii) 25% of all revenues generated from sub-licensees to secure or maintain the sub-license or option thereon.
The term of the licenses commenced in August 2011 and will expire upon expiration of the patents. The agreements can also be terminated
by either party upon notification under terms of the licensing agreements or if the Company ceases the development of the patent
or fails to commercialize the patent rights.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Total
expenses recognized during each year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 pursuant to these two agreements amounted to $187,500 each
year and have been reflected in Research and Development expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.&#160;In
addition, the Company also recognized penalty interest of $78,000 due to past due balance in the year ended December 31, 2016
which has been reflected in Research and Development expenses.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">As
of December 31, 2016, total unpaid fees due to Temple pursuant to these agreements amounted to $726,000, which are included as
part of Accounts Payable &#8211; licensing agreement in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
July 2017, the Company and Temple amended the Second Temple License agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, the Company paid Temple
$62,000 and Temple agreed to defer payment of the remaining $135,000 in unpaid licensing fee until such time the Company generates
revenues totaling $835,000 from the license. In addition, the unpaid balance of $135,000 will accrue interest of 9% per annum.
As of December 31, 2017, all amounts owed under the Second Temple License agreement are either current or deferred under terms
of the amendment.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">As
of December 31, 2017, total unpaid fees due to Temple pursuant to these agreements are $842,000, which are included as part of
Accounts Payable &#8211; license agreements in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. With regards to the unpaid fees to
Temple, a total of $36,000 are current, $376,000 are deferred until such time the Company achieves a revenue milestone of $835,000
or upon termination of the licensing agreements and the remaining $430,000 are deemed past due. The past due amount of $430,000
is owed pursuant to the First Temple License. The Company is currently in negotiations with Temple to settle or cure the past
due balance.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company generated $50,000 in revenue from the viscosity reduction license during the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2017.
This amount is not sufficient to be subject to additional license fees under the license agreement. No revenues were earned from
the two license agreements during the twelve-month period ended December 2016.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"></font>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Temple
University Sponsored Research Agreement</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">On
March 19, 2012, the Company entered into a Sponsored Research Agreement (&#8220;Research Agreement&#8221;) with Temple University
(&#8220;Temple&#8221;), whereby Temple, under the direction of Dr. Rongjia Tao, will perform ongoing research related to the Company&#8217;s
AOT device (the &#8220;Project&#8221;), for the period April 1, 2012, through April 1, 2014. All rights and title to intellectual
property resulting from Temple&#8217;s work related to the Project shall be subject to the Exclusive License Agreements between
Temple and the Company, dated August 1, 2011. In exchange for Temple&#8217;s research efforts on the Project, the Company has
agreed to pay&#160;Temple&#160;$500,000, payable in quarterly installments of $62,500. The agreement expired in August 2015.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">During
the year ended December 31, 2016, Temple University provided a final invoice in the amount of $79,000 reconciling amounts invoiced
against services provided under the Research Agreement. The Company recognized a credit against the amount due under the Research
Agreement in the amount of $50,000, reducing the current payable from $129,000 to $79,000.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">As
of December 31, 2017 and 2016, total unpaid fees due to Temple pursuant to this agreement amounted to $10,000 and $79,000, respectively,
which are included as part of Accounts Payable &#8211; license agreements in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.</font></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for research, development, and computer software activities, including contracts and arrangements to be performed for others and with federal government. Includes costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility and in-process research and development acquired in a business combination consummated during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 730<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&amp;trid=2197926<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6799431360">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>7. Common Stock Transactions<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.35in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>7.</b></font></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Common Stock Transactions</b></font></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><u>Year
Ending December 31, 2017</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
August 2017, shareholders approved an increase in authorized shares of common stock from 300,000,000 to 500,000,000, approved
the creation of a new class of preferred stock, and authorize the Company to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 35,031,881 shares of its common stock as follows:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td style="width: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#149;</b></font></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The Company issued
    181,355 shares of its common stock upon the private sale of restricted common stock for cash proceeds of $38,000 at a purchase
    price of $.21 per share.</font></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in">&#149;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The Company issued
    29,986,772 shares of its common stock upon the conversion of $1,528,000 in convertible notes pursuant to the convertible notes
    conversion prices of $0.05 to $0.48 per share.</font></td></tr>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><b>&#149;</b></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The Company issued
    4,414,000 shares of its common stock upon the exercise of warrants for proceeds of $359,000 at exercise prices of $0.05 to
    $0.10 per share.</font></td></tr>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

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    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#149;</b></font></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The Company issued
    449,754 shares of its common stock upon the exercise of options for proceeds of $37,000 at exercise prices of $0.07 to $0.13
    per share.</font></td></tr>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><u>Year
Ending December 31, 2016</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">During
the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company issued an aggregate of 15,213,449 shares of its common stock as follows:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

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    <td style="text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The Company issued
    14,913,449 shares of its common stock upon the conversion of $1,491,000 in convertible notes pursuant to the convertible notes
    conversion price of $0.10 per share.</font></td></tr>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The Company also issued
    300,000 shares of common stock to consultants for services rendered with a fair value of $48,000 which is included as part
    of Operating Expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The shares were valued at the trading price
    at the date of issuance.</font></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2208762<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6632670608">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>8. Stock Options and Warrants<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
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and for financing costs. Options and warrants vest and expire according to terms established at the grant date.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><u>Options</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

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options vest according to the terms of the specific grant and expire from 5 to 10&#160;years from date of grant. The weighted-average,
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">21,535,148</font></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Options granted</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Options exercised</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8211;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Options
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(311,419</font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">23,474,256</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.30</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Options granted</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">12,561,852</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.12</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Options exercised</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(449,754</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Options
    cancelled</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(188,679</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
weighted average exercise prices, remaining contractual lives for options granted, exercisable, and expected to vest as of December&#160;31,
2017 were as follows:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Option</font></p>
        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Exercise
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        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Per
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    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shares</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Life</font></p>
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    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted</font></p>
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        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Price</font></p></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shares</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted</font></p>
        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Average
        Exercise</font></p>
        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Price</font></p></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; width: 18%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$ 0.05
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    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">35,247,229</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5.6</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.22</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">31,147,229</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.22</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">150,446</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">5.6</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1.18</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">150,446</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">1.18</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">35,397,675</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">As
of December 31, 2017, the market price of the Company&#8217;s stock was $0.19 per share. At December 31, 2017 the aggregate intrinsic
value of the options outstanding was $1,174,000. Future unamortized compensation expense on the unvested outstanding options at
December 31, 2017 is approximately $123,000.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><u>Year
Ending December 31, 2017</u></b></font></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="width: 0.25in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#149;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">From January through
    July 2017, the Company issued options to purchase a total of 12,561,852 shares of common stock to employees, officers and
    members of the Board of Directors with a fair value of $647,000 using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model. The options
    are exercisable from $0.07 up to $0.40 per share, vesting within one to three years and expiring in ten years from the date
    of grant. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized compensation costs of $761,000 based on options
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</table>
<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    and directors in prior years.</font></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><u>Year
Ending December 31, 2016</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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</table>
<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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</table>
<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><u>Black-Scholes
Option Pricing</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company used the following average assumptions in its calculation using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
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<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 57%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Expected
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    <td style="text-align: right; width: 2%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 2%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Expected dividend yield</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
assumptions used in the Black Scholes models referred to above are based upon the following data: (1) the contractual life of
the underlying non-employee options is the expected life. The expected life of the employee option is estimated by considering
the contractual term of the option, the vesting period of the option, the employees&#8217; expected exercise behavior and the
post-vesting employee turnover rate. (2) The expected stock price volatility was based upon the Company&#8217;s historical stock
price over the expected term of the option. (3) The risk-free interest rate is based on published U.S. Treasury Department interest
rates for the expected terms of the underlying options. (4) The expected dividend yield was based on the fact that the Company
has not paid dividends to common shareholders in the past and does not expect to pay dividends to common shareholders in the future.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><u>Warrants</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
following table summarizes certain information about the Company&#8217;s stock purchase warrants.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Warrants</b></font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
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                                         Avg.</b></font></p>
        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Exercise
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="width: 68%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Warrants outstanding, January
    1, 2016</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4,411,667</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.31</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Warrants granted</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,735,225</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.11</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Warrants exercised</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8211;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8211;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Warrants
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1,700,000</font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2016</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11,446,892</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.15</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Warrants granted</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">16,160,770</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.05</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Warrants exercised</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(4,414,000</font></td>
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
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<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">At
December 31, 2017 the price of the Company&#8217;s common stock was $0.19 per share and the aggregate intrinsic value of the warrants
outstanding was $0. Future unamortized compensation expense on the unvested outstanding warrants at December 31, 2017 is approximately
$2,041,000.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.9</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.09</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">17,572,437</font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.09</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">17,572,437</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><u>Year
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 0.25in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#149;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In January through
    May 2017, pursuant to terms of convertible notes issued, the Company granted warrants to purchase 16,160,770 shares of common
    stock with an exercise price of $0.05 per share, vesting immediately upon grant and expiring one year from the date of grant.
    See Note 5 for further discussion.</font></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    with no changes to the other terms of the original grant. As a result, the Company recorded the incremental change in the
    fair value of this warrant before and after the date of the amendment of $90,000, computed using the Black-Scholes Option
    Pricing model with the following assumptions: life of 1.5 years; exercise price of $0.30 per share; stock price of $0.24 per
    share, average risk-free interest rate of 1.70%; average volatility of 140% and dividend yield of 0%. During the year ended
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</table>
<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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</table>
<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><u>Year
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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</table>
<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    starting at $0.12 per share to $0.18 per share, 600,000 shares vested immediately and 200,000 shares over vest two years,
    and expire in one to three years from the date granted. The fair value of these warrants was computed using the Black-Scholes
    Option Pricing model with the following assumptions: life of 1 year through 10 years; average stock price of $0.16 per share,
    average risk-free interest rate of 0.82%; average volatility of 110% and dividend yield of 0%. During the year ended December
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</table>
<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    value of this warrant before and after the date of the amendment of $32,000, computed using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing
    model with the following assumptions: life of 1 year; stock price of $0.17 per share, average risk free interest rate of 0.81%;
    average volatility of 97% and dividend yield of 0%. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized an expense
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</table>
<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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</table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6799431360">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>9. Commitments and Contingencies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
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    <td style="width: 0.35in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>9.</b></font></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Commitments and
    Contingencies</b></font></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">We
are involved in certain legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. Except for income
tax contingencies, we record accruals for contingencies to the extent that our management concludes that the occurrence is probable
and that the related amounts of loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed
as incurred. There is no current or pending litigation of any significance with the exception of the matters that have arisen
under, and are being handled in, the normal course of business.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><u>Leases</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">On
August 1, 2013, the Company entered into a non-cancellable lease at a Santa Barbara Facility with a 5-year term, expiring July
31, 2018 at a monthly rent of $6,000 as amended in February 2014. Effective May 1, 2016, the Company vacated the Santa Barbara
Facility and subleased the space through the term of the master lease, terminating July 31, 2018 at $4,500 per month. The Company
subsequently terminated both the master lease and sublease effective March 1, 2017.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
June 2016, the Company relocated its Santa Barbara office to an office space located at 5266 Hollister Avenue, Suite 219, Santa
Barbara, CA 93111, under a twelve-month lease at a lease rate of $751 per month. The Company vacated the Hollister Avenue facility
and terminated the lease in August 2017.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">In
April 2017, the Company relocated its headquarters to a Tomball Texas facility under a month-to-month lease at a monthly rent
of $1,500.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total
rent expense during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, was $20,000 and $45,000, respectively which are included as part
of Operating Expenses in the attached consolidated statements of operations.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><u>Contractual
Commitments</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
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and other agreements as described in the following table and associated footnotes:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

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    <td style="width: 2%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8211;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8211;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8211;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">187,500</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8211;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8211;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8211;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">___________________</font></p>

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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>10. Income Taxes<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company did not provide any Federal and State income tax for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 due to the Company&#8217;s
net losses, other than $1,600 for the minimum state tax provision which was reported as part of operating expense in the accompanying
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">As
of December 31, 2017, the Company had net operating losses available for carry forward for state and federal tax purposes of approximately
$53 million expiring through 2037. These carry forward benefits will be subject to annual limitations due to the ownership change
limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. The annual limitation, if imposed, may result in
the expiration of net operating losses before utilization.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">As
of December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $13,841,000 for its deferred tax assets since the Company
believes that such assets did not meet the more likely than not criteria to be recoverable through projected future profitable
operations in the foreseeable future. This valuation is based on the new federal corporate tax rate of 21% effective 2018 resulting
in an effective bended state and federal tax rate of 28%.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Effective
January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FASB guidance that addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected
to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under this guidance, the Company may recognize the
tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination
by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements
from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized
upon ultimate settlement. The FASB also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income
taxes, accounting in interim periods and requires increased disclosures. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company does not
have a liability for unrecognized tax benefits.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and the state of California. The Company is subject to U.S.
federal or state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years after 2002. During the periods open to examination, the
Company has net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards for U.S. federal and state tax purposes that have attributes from
closed periods. Since these net operating losses and tax credit carry forwards may be utilized in future periods, they remain
subject to examination. The Company&#8217;s policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax provisions as income tax
expense. As of December 31, 2017, the Company has no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The Company
believes that it has not taken any uncertain tax positions that would impact its consolidated financial statements as of December
31, 2017 and 2016.</font></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2144680<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6799421152">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>11. Subsequent Events<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsAbstract', window );"><strong>Subsequent Events [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventsTextBlock', window );">Subsequent Events</a></td>
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    <td style="width: 0.25in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>11.</b></font></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Subsequent Events</b></font></td></tr>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Grant
of Stock Options </u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Company granted members of the Board of Directors stock options to purchase a total of 1,944,446 shares of common stock. The stock
options vest over one year, exercisable at $0.18 per share and will expire in 10 years. Total fair value of the stock options
amounted to $292,000 which will be expensed over its vesting period.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Issuance of Convertible
Notes</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">From
February 26, 2018, through March 31, 2018, the Company issued and sold to accredited US investors and non-U.S. investors an aggregate
of $314,000 Convertible Promissory Notes (the &#8220;Notes&#8221;) and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,959,375 shares of
common stock (the &#8220;Warrants&#8221;). The Company received proceeds from the closing of the private placement of $285,000,
which funds were used, and are being used, for general corporate purposes and working capital. Of the Notes issued, one Note was
issued to a current member of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors on in the amount of $44,000 convertible to 550,000 shares
of common stock and Warrants to purchase 275,000.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Notes are due twelve (12) months from their respective issuance dates (the &#8220;Maturity Date&#8221;). The Notes do not bear
interest and were issued in the face amount equal to 110% of the purchasers&#8217; commitments. The Notes are convertible into
shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock at a rate of $0.08 per share. If the Notes are not paid in full by the Maturity Date,
the balance remaining on the Maturity Date shall be increased by 10% and the Company shall be required to pay interest at a rate
of 10% per annum thereon until all sums thereunder are paid in full.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
Warrants are exercisable into shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock for a term of one (1) year at an exercise price of $0.08
per share. The Warrants also contain provisions that protect the holders against dilution by adjustment of the conversion price
in certain events involving a reduction or increase in the Company&#8217;s shares.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
offering was made to non-U.S investors and to U.S. &#8220;accredited investors,&#8221; as the term is defined in Regulation D
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), and were made without general advertising or
solicitation. The securities sold in the offering were not registered under the Securities Act, or the securities laws of any
state, and were offered and sold in reliance on exemptions from registration including the exemption from registration afforded
by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act, and corresponding provisions of
state securities law, which, respectively, exempt transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering or transactions
with non-U.S. Investors.</font></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Conversion of
Convertible Notes</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
February and March 2018, the Company issued 935,000 shares of common stock upon conversion of previously issued convertible notes
in aggregate value of $72,000.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Exercise
of Warrants</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
February and March 2018, the Company issued 935,000 shares of common stock upon the exercise of previously issued warrants for
aggregate cash proceeds of $46,750. On March 30, 2018, a member of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors exercised a warrant
to purchase 275,000 shares of common stock which are scheduled to be issued on April 2, 2018 on proceeds of $22,000.</font></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Exercise
of Options</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
February 2018, the Company issued 179,710 shares of common stock to a Director of the Company upon the exercise of previously
issued options for aggregate cash proceeds of $12,580.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Common
stock issued in exchange for services</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
March 2018, the Company issued 50,000 shares of common stock in exchange for services in aggregate value of $12,000.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p><span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for significant events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date the financial statements were issued or the date the financial statements were available to be issued. Examples include: the sale of a capital stock issue, purchase of a business, settlement of litigation, catastrophic loss, significant foreign exchange rate changes, loans to insiders or affiliates, and transactions not in the ordinary course of business.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 855<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&amp;trid=2122774<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6789071712">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationPolicyTextBlock', window );">Consolidation Policy</a></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
accompanying consolidated financial statements of QS Energy Inc. include the accounts of QS Energy Inc. (the Parent) and its wholly
owned subsidiaries, QS Energy Pool, Inc. and STWA Asia Pte. Limited. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated
in consolidation.</font></p><span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock', window );">Revenue Recognition Policy</a></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company leases its primary technology, and recognizes lease revenue ratably over the life of the lease upon commencement of the
lease. Revenue on future product sales will be recognized upon meeting the following criteria: persuasive evidence of an arrangement
exists; delivery has occurred or services rendered; the seller's price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability
is reasonably assured.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
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and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives
of the assets, generally ranging from three to ten years. Expenditures for major renewals and improvements that extend the useful
lives of property and equipment are capitalized. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred.
Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset
or the lease term.</font></p><span></span>
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<tr class="re">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Our
long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment at least annually, or when events and circumstances
indicate that depreciable or amortizable long-lived assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated
by those assets are less than the carrying amount of those assets. When specific assets are determined to be unrecoverable, the
cost basis of the asset is reduced to reflect the current value.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;&#160;</font></p>

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use various assumptions in determining the current fair value of these assets, including future expected cash flows and discount
rates, as well as other fair value measures. Our impairment loss calculations require us to apply judgment in estimating future
cash flows, including forecasting useful lives of the assets and selecting the discount rate that reflects the risk inherent in
future cash flows.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
actual results are not consistent with our assumptions and judgments used in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values,
we may be exposed to future impairment losses that could be material to our results. Based upon management&#8217;s annual review,
no impairments were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2017, and 2016.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerSharePolicyTextBlock', window );">Loss per Share</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><u>Loss
per Share</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Basic
loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares
outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share reflects the potential dilution, using the treasury stock method that could
occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the
issuance of common stock that then shared in the loss of the Company. In computing diluted loss per share, the treasury stock
method assumes that outstanding options and warrants are exercised, and the proceeds are used to purchase common stock at the
average market price during the period. Options and warrants may have a dilutive effect under the treasury stock method only when
the average market price of the common stock during the period exceeds the exercise price of the options and warrants.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
the years ended December&#160;31, 2017 and 2016, the dilutive impact of outstanding stock options of 35,397,675 shares and 23,474,256
shares; outstanding warrants of 17,622,437 shares and 11,446,892 shares; and notes convertible into 4,847,333 and 2,540,211 shares
of our common stock, respectively,&#160;have been excluded because their impact on the loss per share is anti-dilutive.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock', window );">Income Taxes</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><u>Income
Taxes</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Income
taxes are recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets
are recognized for the future tax consequences of transactions that have been recognized in the Company&#8217;s consolidated financial
statements or tax returns. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or entire deferred
tax asset will not be realized.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CompensationRelatedCostsPolicyTextBlock', window );">Stock-Based Compensation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><u>Stock-Based
Compensation</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company periodically issues stock options and warrants to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for
services and for financing costs. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to employees based
on the authoritative guidance provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#8220;FASB&#8221;) whereas the value of the
award is measured on the date of grant and recognized over the vesting period. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant
grants issued and vesting to non-employees in accordance with the authoritative guidance of the FASB whereas the value of the
stock compensation is based upon the measurement date as determined at either a) the date at which a performance commitment is
reached, or b) at the date at which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete. Non-employee stock-based
compensation charges generally are amortized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. In certain circumstances where
there are no future performance requirements by the non-employee, option grants are immediately vested and the total stock-based
compensation charge is recorded in the period of the measurement date.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;&#160;&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
fair value of the Company's&#160;stock options and warrants grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model, which
uses certain assumptions related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility, expected life of the stock options or warrants,
and future dividends. Compensation expense is recorded based upon the value derived from the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model,
and based on actual experience. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model could materially affect compensation
expense recorded in future periods.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UseOfEstimates', window );">Estimates</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Estimates</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant
estimates include those related to assumptions used in impairment analysis for property and equipment, valuing accruals and equity
instruments issued for services, realization of deferred tax assets, among others. Actual results could differ from those estimates.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueOfFinancialInstrumentsPolicy', window );">Fair value of financial instruments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><u>Fair
Value of Financial Instruments</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Effective
January 1, 2008, fair value measurements are determined by the Company's adoption of authoritative guidance issued by the FASB,
with the exception of the application of the statement to non-recurring, non-financial assets and liabilities as permitted. The
adoption of the authoritative guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's fair value measurements. Fair value is
defined in the authoritative guidance as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in
the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at
the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy was established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into three
broad levels as follows:</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Level&#160;1&#8212;Quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Level&#160;2&#8212;Inputs,
other than the quoted prices in active markets, are observable either directly or indirectly.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Level&#160;3&#8212;Unobservable
inputs based on the Company's assumptions.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company is required to use of observable market data if such data is available without undue cost and effort.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
carrying amounts for cash, accounts payable, accrued expenses and convertible debentures approximate their fair value due to their
short-term nature.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock', window );">Research and Development Costs</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><u>Research
and Development Costs</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Costs
incurred for research and development are expensed as incurred. Purchased materials that do not have an alternative future use
are also expensed. Furthermore, costs incurred in the construction of prototypes with no certainty of any alternative future use
and established commercial uses are also expensed.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">For
the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 research and development costs were $243,000 and $279,000, respectively.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IntangibleAssetsFiniteLivedPolicy', window );">Patent costs</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b><u>Patent
Costs</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Patent
costs consist of patent-related legal and filing fees. Due to the uncertainty associated with the successful development of our
AOT and Joule Heat products, all patent costs are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, patent
costs were $45,000 and $64,000, respectively, and were included as part of operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated
statements of operations.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Recent Accounting Pronouncements</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt"><b><u>Recent Accounting
Pronouncements</u></b></font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts
with Customers. ASU 2014-09 is a comprehensive revenue recognition standard that will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition
guidance under current U.S. GAAP and replace it with a principle-based approach for determining revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09
will require that companies recognize revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services as they occur in the contract.
The ASU also will require additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising
from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to
obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Entities
will be able to transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption.
The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2014-09 on the Company&#8217;s financial statements and disclosures
but does not believe adoption of this pronouncement will have a material effect, if any.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, <i>Leases</i>. ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to
record a right of use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12
months. ASU 2016-02 is effective for all interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption
is permitted. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at,
or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical
expedients available. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on the Company&#8217;s financial statements
and disclosures.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">In
March 2016, the FASB issued the ASU 2016-09, <i>Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)</i>: Improvements to Employee Share-Based
Payment Accounting. The amendments in this ASU require, among other things, that all income tax effects of awards be recognized
in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled. The ASU also allows for an employer to repurchase more of an employee's
shares than it can today for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting and allows for a policy election
to account for forfeitures as they occur. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for any entity in any interim or annual
period. The Company is currently evaluating the expected impact that the standard could have on its financial statements and related
disclosures.</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Other
recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified
Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact
on the Company's present or future consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.</font></p><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for salaries, bonuses, incentive awards, postretirement and postemployment benefits granted to employees, including equity-based arrangements; discloses methodologies for measurement, and the bases for recognizing related assets and liabilities and recognizing and reporting compensation expense.</p></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for computing basic and diluted earnings or loss per share for each class of common stock and participating security. Addresses all significant policy factors, including any antidilutive items that have been excluded from the computation and takes into account stock dividends, splits and reverse splits that occur after the balance sheet date of the latest reporting period but before the issuance of the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3630-109257<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for determining the fair value of financial instruments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77997519&amp;loc=d3e13279-108611<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 60<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=7493716&amp;loc=d3e21868-110260<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for the impairment and disposal of long-lived assets including goodwill and other intangible assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for income taxes, which may include its accounting policies for recognizing and measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances, recognizing investment tax credits, operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and other carryforwards, methodologies for determining its effective income tax rate and the characterization of interest and penalties in the financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32840-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65884525&amp;loc=d3e40913-109327<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 954<br> -SubTopic 740<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6491622&amp;loc=d3e9504-115650<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32809-109319<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84176650&amp;loc=d3e32247-109318<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84176650&amp;loc=d3e32280-109318<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for finite-lived intangible assets. This accounting policy also might address: (1) the amortization method used; (2) the useful lives of such assets; and (3) how the entity assesses and measures impairment of such assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=66006027&amp;loc=d3e16323-109275<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy pertaining to new accounting pronouncements that may impact the entity's financial reporting. Includes, but is not limited to, quantification of the expected or actual impact.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for long-lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, basis of assets, depreciation and depletion methods used, including composite deprecation, estimated useful lives, capitalization policy, accounting treatment for costs incurred for repairs and maintenance, capitalized interest and the method it is calculated, disposals and impairments.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.13(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentPolicyTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for its research and development and computer software activities including the accounting treatment for costs incurred for (1) research and development activities, (2) development of computer software for internal use, (3) computer software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed as a separate product or as part of a product or process and (4) in-process research and development acquired in a purchase business combination.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Section 30<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6389767&amp;loc=d3e17916-109280<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128462-111756<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.15)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 50<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=16397303&amp;loc=d3e19347-109286<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchDevelopmentAndComputerSoftwarePolicyTextBlock</td>
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<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for revenue recognition. If the entity has different policies for different types of revenue transactions, the policy for each material type of transaction is generally disclosed. If a sales transaction has multiple element arrangements (for example, delivery of multiple products, services or the rights to use assets) the disclosure may indicate the accounting policy for each unit of accounting as well as how units of accounting are determined and valued. The disclosure may encompass important judgment as to appropriateness of principles related to recognition of revenue. The disclosure also may indicate the entity's treatment of any unearned or deferred revenue that arises from the transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18823-107790<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 605<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 13.B.Q1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=65893310&amp;loc=d3e214044-122780<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18780-107790<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84158767&amp;loc=d3e18726-107790<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRecognitionPolicyTextBlock</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for the use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6799463472">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>4. Property and Equipment (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, balances by class of assets, depreciation and depletion expense and method used, including composite depreciation, and accumulated deprecation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6620939552">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>5. Convertible Notes and Warrants (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">440,000</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6631705584">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>8. Stock Options and Warrants (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsAdditionalDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock', window );">Stock options outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Options</b></font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="width: 68%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Options outstanding, January
    1, 2016</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">21,535,148</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.20</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,250,527</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.46</font></td>
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<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Options exercised</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8211;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8211;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(311,419</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.72</font></td>
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Options outstanding, December 31, 2016</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">23,474,256</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Options granted</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">12,561,852</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.12</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Options exercised</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(449,754</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.05</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Options
    cancelled</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(188,679</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.53</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Options outstanding,
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">35,397,675</font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.23</font></td>
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<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Option</font></p>
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    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.22</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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</table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedPaymentAwardStockOptionsValuationAssumptionsTableTextBlock', window );">Assumptions</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
    <td colspan="7" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Years
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></font></td>
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<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="width: 2%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: right; width: 2%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 2%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Volatility</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">114 &#8211; 124%</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">119 &#8211; 121%</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Expected dividend yield</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0%</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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</table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockholdersEquityNoteWarrantsOrRightsTextBlock', window );">Warrants outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Warrants</b></font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Exercise
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="width: 68%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Warrants outstanding, January
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    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">4,411,667</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.31</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Warrants granted</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8,735,225</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.11</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Warrants exercised</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8211;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#8211;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Warrants
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(1,700,000</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">11,446,892</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.15</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">16,160,770</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.05</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Warrants exercised</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(4,414,000</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</font></td>
    <td><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
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    cancelled</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(5,571,225</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.10</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">17,622,437</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.09</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
</table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockWarrantPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock', window );">Warrants outstanding by Per Share Price</a></td>
<td class="text"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td colspan="9" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Outstanding
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; font-weight: bold"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Per
        Share</font></p></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shares</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted</font></p>
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        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Price</font></p></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Shares</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Weighted</font></p>
        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Average
        Exercise</font></p>
        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Price</font></p></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(238,238,238); vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 18%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$
    0.05 - $ 0.99</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">17,622,437</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.9</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.09</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">17,572,437</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: left; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right; width: 13%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.09</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
<tr style="background-color: white; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">17,622,437</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.09</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">17,572,437</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</font></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">0.09</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><font style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</font></td></tr>
</table><span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockWarrantPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Warrants outstanding by Per Share Price [Table Text Block]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockWarrantPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of option exercise prices, by grouped ranges, including the upper and lower limits of the price range, the number of shares under option, weighted average exercise price and remaining contractual option terms.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeTextBlock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>nonnum:textBlockItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfShareBasedCompensationStockOptionsActivityTableTextBlock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure for stock option plans. Includes, but is not limited to, outstanding awards at beginning and end of year, grants, exercises, forfeitures, and weighted-average grant date fair value.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the significant assumptions used during the year to estimate the fair value of stock options, including, but not limited to: (a) expected term of share options and similar instruments, (b) expected volatility of the entity's shares, (c) expected dividends, (d) risk-free rate(s), and (e) discount for post-vesting restrictions.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of warrants or rights issued. Warrants and rights outstanding are derivative securities that give the holder the right to purchase securities (usually equity) from the issuer at a specific price within a certain time frame. Warrants are often included in a new debt issue to entice investors by a higher return potential. The main difference between warrants and call options is that warrants are issued and guaranteed by the company, whereas options are exchange instruments and are not issued by the company. Also, the lifetime of a warrant is often measured in years, while the lifetime of a typical option is measured in months. Disclose the title of issue of securities called for by warrants and rights outstanding, the aggregate amount of securities called for by warrants and rights outstanding, the date from which the warrants or rights are exercisable, and the price at which the warrant or right is exercisable.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6799403200">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>9. Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of future minimum payments required in the aggregate and for each of the five succeeding fiscal years for operating leases having initial or remaining noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year and the total minimum rentals to be received in the future under noncancelable subleases as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>10. Income Taxes (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock', window );">Reconciliation of income tax provision</a></td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">$</font></td><td style="width: 13%; text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(593,000</font></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td></tr>
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    <td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(181,000</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(480,000</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(663,000</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(176,000</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td><td><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
    <td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td><td style="text-align: right"><font style="font-size: 8pt">(81,000</font></td><td style="text-align: left"><font style="font-size: 8pt">)</font></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">Valuation allowance</font></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><font style="font-size: 8pt">&#160;</font></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of pertinent information, such as tax authority, amounts, and expiration dates, of net operating loss carryforwards, including an assessment of the likelihood of utilization.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32559-109319<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6808434368">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (4,835,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,000,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Cash flow from operations</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,786,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,626,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Stockholders' equity (deficiency)</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,874,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,358,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (782,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Cash', window );">Cash on Hand</a></td>
<td class="nump">204,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">136,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 349,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse', window );">Impairment on long-lived assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">243,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">279,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LicenseCosts', window );">Patent costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 45,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 64,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember', window );">Options [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Antidilutive shares excluded from loss per share</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,397,675<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,474,256<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember', window );">Warrants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Antidilutive shares excluded from loss per share</a></td>
<td class="nump">17,622,437<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,446,892<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember', window );">Convertible Notes [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareAmount', window );">Antidilutive shares excluded from loss per share</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,847,333<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,540,211<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Securities (including those issuable pursuant to contingent stock agreements) that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (EPS) or earnings per unit (EPU) in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS or EPU because to do so would increase EPS or EPU amounts or decrease loss per share or unit amounts for the period presented.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Cash</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of write-downs for impairments recognized during the period for long lived assets held for use (including those held for disposal by means other than sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 958<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84241808&amp;loc=d3e92212-112881<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68055307&amp;loc=d3e2420-110228<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84176398&amp;loc=d3e2921-110230<br></p></div>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ImpairmentOfLongLivedAssetsHeldForUse</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LicenseCosts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Costs incurred and are directly related to generating license revenue. Licensing arrangements include, but are not limited to, rights to use a patent, copyright, technology, manufacturing process, software or trademark.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.2(e))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, including discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3521-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3536-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6371337&amp;loc=d3e3550-109257<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879574&amp;loc=d3e536633-122882<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 225<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(18))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879464&amp;loc=d3e573970-122913<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(20))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility, and costs allocated in accounting for a business combination to in-process projects deemed to have no alternative future use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420194&amp;loc=d3e21568-108373<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128462-111756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27010918&amp;loc=d3e74512-122707<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfEarningsPerShareByAntidilutiveSecuritiesAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
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<SEQUENCE>37
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6799501296">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>3. Accrued Expenses - Related Transactions (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent', window );">Accounts payable to related parties</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 31,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 135,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=qsep_FormerPresidentMember', window );">Former President | Unpaid Salaries [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent', window );">Accounts payable to related parties</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount for accounts payable to related parties. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6457730&amp;loc=d3e39549-107864<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6457730&amp;loc=d3e39603-107864<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 850<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6457730&amp;loc=d3e39622-107864<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(k)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableRelatedPartiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=qsep_FormerPresidentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=qsep_FormerPresidentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=qsep_UnpaidSalariesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=qsep_UnpaidSalariesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>38
<FILENAME>R26.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6788893632">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>4. Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 97,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 49,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Less: accumulated depreciation</a></td>
<td class="num">(51,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(32,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">46,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember', window );">Office equipment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">30,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember', window );">Furniture and fixtures [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=qsep_TestingEquipmentMember', window );">Testing equipment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">37,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember', window );">Leasehold Improvements [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross', window );">Property and equipment, gross</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 25,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization for physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.14)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.13)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(14))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_OfficeEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_FurnitureAndFixturesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=qsep_TestingEquipmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=qsep_TestingEquipmentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentByTypeAxis=us-gaap_LeaseholdImprovementsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6610156832">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>4. Property and Equipment (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract', window );"><strong>Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Depreciation', window );">Depreciation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 19,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals', window );">Cost of property disposed</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">38,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation', window );">Accumulated depreciation of disposed property</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1', window );">Loss on disposition of property</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of divestiture of long-lived, physical assets, accumulated depreciation, used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposalsAccumulatedDepreciation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Depreciation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense recognized in the current period that reflects the allocation of the cost of tangible assets over the assets' useful lives. Includes production and non-production related depreciation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6391035&amp;loc=d3e2868-110229<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Depreciation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) on sale or disposal of assets, including but not limited to property plant and equipment, intangible assets and equity in securities of subsidiaries or equity method investee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=68055307&amp;loc=d3e2443-110228<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnDispositionOfAssets1</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of divestiture of long-lived, physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentDisposals</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6799365808">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>5. Convertible Notes and Warrants (Details) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Debt Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtCurrent', window );">Convertible note</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 509,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 417,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent', window );">Interest</a></td>
<td class="nump">71,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable', window );">Subtotal</a></td>
<td class="nump">580,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">440,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount', window );">Convertible note discount</a></td>
<td class="num">(47,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(92,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 533,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 348,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of the carrying value of long-term convertible debt as of the balance sheet date that is scheduled to be repaid within one year or in the normal operating cycle if longer. Convertible debt is a financial instrument which can be exchanged for a specified amount of another security, typically the entity's common stock, at the option of the issuer or the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(19))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertibleDebtCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Including the current and noncurrent portions, carrying value as of the balance sheet date of a written promise to pay a note, initially due after one year or beyond the operating cycle if longer, which can be exchanged for a specified amount of one or more securities (typically common stock), at the option of the issuer or the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(13))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6488278&amp;loc=d3e603758-122996<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the portion of long-term debt due within one year or the operating cycle if longer identified as Convertible Notes Payable. Convertible Notes Payable is a written promise to pay a note which can be exchanged for a specified amount of another, related security, at the option of the issuer and the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization, of debt discount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64930785&amp;loc=d3e28541-108399<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64930739&amp;loc=d3e28878-108400<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of [accrued] interest payable on all forms of debt, including trade payables, that has been incurred and is unpaid. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e7018-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6935-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6788958832">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>5. Convertible Notes and Warrants (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount', window );">Convertible notes issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,616,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,587,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt', window );">Proceeds from convertible notes</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,469,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,418,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_OriginalIssueDiscount', window );">Original Issue Discount</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,616,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,587,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebt', window );">Convertible note payable outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">509,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">417,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount', window );">Unamortized discount</a></td>
<td class="nump">47,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">92,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1', window );">Debt converted, amount converted</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,528,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,491,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1', window );">Debt converted, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">29,986,732<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,900,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt', window );">Interest expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,661,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,596,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent', window );">Accrued interest</a></td>
<td class="nump">71,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 23,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDefaultLongtermDebtAmount', window );">Notes in default</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 380,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SecuritiesFinancingTransactionAxis=qsep_ConvertibleNoteMember', window );">Convertible Note [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Warrants granted with note</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,160,770<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,900,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_OriginalIssueDiscount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Original Issue Discount</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_OriginalIssueDiscount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConvertibleDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Including the current and noncurrent portions, carrying amount of debt identified as being convertible into another form of financial instrument (typically the entity's common stock) as of the balance sheet date, which originally required full repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the company.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6876686&amp;loc=d3e534808-122878<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6879938&amp;loc=d3e572229-122910<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConvertibleDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The value of the financial instrument(s) that the original debt is being converted into in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares issued in exchange for the original debt being converted in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentSharesIssued1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtDefaultLongtermDebtAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of outstanding long-term debt or borrowing associated with any securities or credit agreement for which there has been a default in principal, interest, sinking fund, or redemption provisions, or any breach of covenant that existed at the end of the period and subsequently has not been cured.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(c))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtDefaultLongtermDebtAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face (par) amount of debt instrument at time of issuance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64930739&amp;loc=d3e28878-108400<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64930785&amp;loc=d3e28551-108399<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentFaceAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization, of debt discount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64930785&amp;loc=d3e28541-108399<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 835<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=64930739&amp;loc=d3e28878-108400<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentUnamortizedDiscount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the cost of borrowed funds accounted for as interest expense for debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.8)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestExpenseDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of [accrued] interest payable on all forms of debt, including trade payables, that has been incurred and is unpaid. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e7018-107765<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82887183&amp;loc=d3e6935-107765<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from the issuance of a long-term debt instrument which can be exchanged for a specified amount of another security, typically the entity's common stock, at the option of the issuer or the holder.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromConvertibleDebt</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of grants made during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6808556048">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>6. Research and Development (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
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<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 243,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 279,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable - licensing agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">852,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">805,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">License revenue generated</a></td>
<td class="nump">50,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_AOTPrototypeMember', window );">AOT Prototypes [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems', window );"><strong>Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">53,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">64,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember', window );">Temple University License Agreements [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems', window );"><strong>Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">187,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">187,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable - licensing agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">842,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">726,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForOtherOperatingActivities', window );">Payments for license agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">62,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember', window );">Temple University License Agreements [Member] | Second Temple License [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems', window );"><strong>Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable - licensing agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 135,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage', window );">Interest rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">9.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember', window );">Temple University License Agreements [Member] | Accounts payable current [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems', window );"><strong>Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable - licensing agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 36,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember', window );">Temple University License Agreements [Member] | Accounts payable deferred [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems', window );"><strong>Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable - licensing agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">376,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember', window );">Temple University License Agreements [Member] | Accounts payable past due [Member] | First Temple License [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems', window );"><strong>Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable - licensing agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">430,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember', window );">Temple University License Agreements [Member] | Penalty Interest [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems', window );"><strong>Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">78,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_TempleUniversityResearchDevelopmentAgreementMember', window );">Temple University Sponsored Research Agreement [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems', window );"><strong>Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense', window );">Research and development expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">79,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Accounts payable - licensing agreement</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 10,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 79,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Contractual interest rate for funds borrowed, under the debt agreement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.22(a)(1))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentInterestRateStatedPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForOtherOperatingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow for operating activities classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3536-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsForOtherOperatingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersLineItems</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility, and costs allocated in accounting for a business combination to in-process projects deemed to have no alternative future use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 730<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6420194&amp;loc=d3e21568-108373<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 985<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6501960&amp;loc=d3e128462-111756<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Revenues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 225<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=63488584&amp;loc=d3e20235-122688<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Revenues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_AOTPrototypeMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_AOTPrototypeMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_TempleUniversityLicenseAgreementsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis=qsep_SecondTempleLicenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis=qsep_SecondTempleLicenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=qsep_AccountsPayableCurrentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=qsep_AccountsPayableCurrentMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=qsep_AccountsPayableDeferredMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=qsep_AccountsPayableDeferredMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=qsep_AccountPayablePastDueMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BalanceSheetLocationAxis=qsep_AccountPayablePastDueMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis=qsep_FirstTempleLicenseMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis=qsep_FirstTempleLicenseMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=qsep_PenaltyInterestMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=qsep_PenaltyInterestMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_TempleUniversityResearchDevelopmentAgreementMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ResearchAndDevelopmentArrangementContractToPerformForOthersByTypeAxis=qsep_TempleUniversityResearchDevelopmentAgreementMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>43
<FILENAME>R31.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6809399936">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>7. Common Stock Transactions (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">500,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300,000,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">100,000,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther', window );">Stock issued during period, shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,031,881<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,213,449<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Proceeds from sale of common stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 38,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1', window );">Debt converted, amount converted</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,528,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,491,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices', window );">Common stock issued for services, value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 48,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis=qsep_ConsultantsMember', window );">Consultants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices', window );">Common stock issued for services, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices', window );">Common stock issued for services, value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 48,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember', window );">Convertible Notes Payable [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities', window );">Common stock issued on conversion of notes, shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">29,986,772<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1', window );">Debt converted, amount converted</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,528,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember', window );">Convertible Notes Payable [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharePrice', window );">Share price (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.05<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember', window );">Convertible Notes Payable [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharePrice', window );">Share price (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.48<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_WarrantExercisesMember', window );">Warrant Exercises [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued', window );">Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,414,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises', window );">Proceeds from exercise of warrants</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 359,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_WarrantExercisesMember', window );">Warrant Exercises [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharePrice', window );">Share price (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.05<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_WarrantExercisesMember', window );">Warrant Exercises [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharePrice', window );">Share price (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.10<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_OptiontExercisesMember', window );">Options Exercises [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Common stock issued upon exercise of options, shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">449,754<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Proceeds from exercise of options</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 37,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_OptiontExercisesMember', window );">Options Exercises [Member] | Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharePrice', window );">Share price (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.07<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_OptiontExercisesMember', window );">Options Exercises [Member] | Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharePrice', window );">Share price (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.13<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_ConvertNotesMember', window );">Convertible Notes converted [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharePrice', window );">Share price (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.10<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities', window );">Common stock issued on conversion of notes, shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,913,449<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1', window );">Debt converted, amount converted</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,491,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis=qsep_PrivateSaleMember', window );">Private Sale [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther', window );">Stock issued during period, shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">181,355<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock', window );">Proceeds from sale of common stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 38,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis=qsep_PrivateSaleMember', window );">Private Sale [Member] | Restricted Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharePrice', window );">Share price (in dollars per share)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.21<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Common stock issued upon exercise of warrants, shares issued</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_CommonStockIssuedUponExerciseOfWarrantsSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The value of the financial instrument(s) that the original debt is being converted into in a noncash (or part noncash) transaction. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of the transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4304-108586<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98513485&amp;loc=d3e4332-108586<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtConversionConvertedInstrumentAmount1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow from the additional capital contribution to the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromIssuanceOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from exercise of stock options granted under share-based compensation arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3255-108585<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=SL79508275-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the amount received from holders exercising their stock warrants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromWarrantExercises</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Price of a single share of a number of saleable stocks of a company.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued during the period as a result of the conversion of convertible securities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-30)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21475-112644<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesConversionOfConvertibleSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares issued in lieu of cash for services contributed to the entity. Number of shares includes, but is not limited to, shares issued for services contributed by vendors and founders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesIssuedForServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of stock issued attributable to transactions classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued in lieu of cash for services contributed to the entity. Value of the stock issued includes, but is not limited to, services contributed by vendors and founders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueIssuedForServices</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis=qsep_ConsultantsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis=qsep_ConsultantsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=us-gaap_ConvertibleNotesPayableMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MinimumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RangeAxis=us-gaap_MaximumMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_WarrantExercisesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_WarrantExercisesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_OptiontExercisesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_OptiontExercisesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_ConvertNotesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConversionOfStockByUniqueDescriptionAxis=qsep_ConvertNotesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis=qsep_PrivateSaleMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis=qsep_PrivateSaleMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_RestrictedStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>44
<FILENAME>R32.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6798338880">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>8. Stock Options and Warrants (Details-Options Outstanding) - Options [Member] - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Options outstanding, beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">23,474,256<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,535,148<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Options granted</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,561,852<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,250,527<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Options exercised</a></td>
<td class="num">(449,754)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod', window );">Options cancelled</a></td>
<td class="num">(188,679)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(311,419)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Options outstanding, ending balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,397,675<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,474,256<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, outstanding beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.30<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.20<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, granted</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.12<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.46<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, exercised</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.05<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, cancelled</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.53<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.72<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, outstanding ending balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.23<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.30<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price of options that were either forfeited or expired.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(3)-(4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresAndExpirationsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares under options that were cancelled during the reporting period as a result of occurrence of a terminating event specified in contractual agreements pertaining to the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsForfeituresInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)-(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which option holders acquired shares when converting their stock options into shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisesInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average per share amount at which grantees can acquire shares of common stock by exercise of options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84159872&amp;loc=d3e21463-112644<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6877327&amp;loc=d3e13212-122682<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27012166&amp;loc=d3e187085-122770<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6798068704">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>8. Stock Options and Warrants (Details-Options by Exercise Price Per Share) - Options [Member] - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Outstanding Options</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,397,675<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,474,256<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,535,148<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Life (Years)</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years 7 months 6 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.23<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.30<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.20<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Exercisable Options</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber', window );">Shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">31,297,675<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.22<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember', window );">Option Price $ 0.05 - $ 0.99 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Outstanding Options</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,247,229<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Life (Years)</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years 7 months 6 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.22<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Exercisable Options</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber', window );">Shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">31,147,229<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ .22<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember', window );">$ 1.00 - $ 1.99 [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Outstanding Options</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber', window );">Shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">150,446<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Life (Years)</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years 7 months 6 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.18<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Exercisable Options</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber', window );">Shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">150,446<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.18<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Options Exercisable [Abstract]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_ExercisableOptionsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Outstanding options [Abstract]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_OutstandingOptionsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of options outstanding, including both vested and non-vested options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)-(ii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average price at which grantees can acquire the shares reserved for issuance under the stock option plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of fully vested and expected to vest exercisable options that may be converted into shares under option plan. Includes, but is not limited to, unvested options for which requisite service period has not been rendered but that are expected to vest based on achievement of performance condition, if forfeitures are recognized when they occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestExercisableNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted-average exercise price, at which grantee can acquire shares reserved for issuance, for fully vested and expected to vest options outstanding. Includes, but is not limited to, unvested options for which requisite service period has not been rendered but that are expected to vest based on achievement of performance condition, if forfeitures are recognized when they occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsVestedAndExpectedToVestOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for option awards outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis=qsep_OptionPrice1Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis=qsep_OptionPrice1Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis=qsep_OptionPrice2Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis=qsep_OptionPrice2Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
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</html>
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<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>46
<FILENAME>R34.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6791905536">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>8. Stock Options and Warrants (Details-Assumptions) - Options [Member]<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTermSimplifiedMethod', window );">Expected life (years)</a></td>
<td class="text">5 - 6 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">5.5 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum', window );">Risk free interest rate-minimum</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.72%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.23%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum', window );">Risk free interest rate-maximum</a></td>
<td class="nump">1.94%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1.72%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum', window );">Volatility-miminum</a></td>
<td class="nump">114.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">119.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum', window );">Volatility-maximum</a></td>
<td class="nump">124.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">121.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate', window );">Expected dividend yield</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated dividend rate (a percentage of the share price) to be paid (expected dividends) to holders of the underlying shares over the option's term.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(iii)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedDividendRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTermSimplifiedMethod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Discloses use of the simplified method to calculate the expected term that stock option awards under the specified plan will exist before being exercised or terminated, the reason and justification for its use, and the periods for which the method was used if it was not used in all periods presented.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 14.D.2.Q6)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=27013229&amp;loc=d3e301413-122809<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (f)(2)(i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedTermSimplifiedMethod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated measure of the maximum percentage by which a share price is expected to fluctuate during a period. Volatility also may be defined as a probability-weighted measure of the dispersion of returns about the mean. The volatility of a share price is the standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a specified period. That is the same as the standard deviation of the differences in the natural logarithms of the stock prices plus dividends, if any, over the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMaximum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The estimated measure of the minimum percentage by which a share price is expected to fluctuate during a period. Volatility also may be defined as a probability-weighted measure of the dispersion of returns about the mean. The volatility of a share price is the standard deviation of the continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a specified period. That is the same as the standard deviation of the differences in the natural logarithms of the stock prices plus dividends, if any, over the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsExpectedVolatilityRateMinimum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum risk-free interest rate assumption that is used in valuing an option on its own shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMaximum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The minimum risk-free interest rate assumption that is used in valuing an option on its own shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardFairValueAssumptionsRiskFreeInterestRateMinimum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>47
<FILENAME>R35.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6797932544">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>8. Stock Options and Warrants (Details-Warrants Outstanding) - Warrants [Member] - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding', window );">Warrants outstanding, beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,446,892<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,411,667<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Warrants granted</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,160,770<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,735,225<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised', window );">Warrants exercised</a></td>
<td class="num">(4,414,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExpirations', window );">Warrants cancelled</a></td>
<td class="num">(5,571,225)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,700,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding', window );">Warrants outstanding, ending balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">17,622,437<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,446,892<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, outstanding beginning balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.15<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, granted</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.05<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.11<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, exercised</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.08<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, cancelled</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.10<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0.30<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Weighted Average Exercise Price, outstanding ending balance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.09<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.15<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exercise price per share or per unit of warrants or rights outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(i)(4))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of warrants or rights outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average fair value as of the grant date of equity-based award plans other than stock (unit) option plans that were not exercised or put into effect as a result of the occurrence of a terminating event.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsForfeituresWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of grants made during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average fair value at grant date for nonvested equity-based awards issued during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The weighted average fair value as of grant date pertaining to an equity-based award plan other than a stock (or unit) option plan for which the grantee gained the right during the reporting period, by satisfying service and performance requirements, to receive or retain shares or units, other instruments, or cash in accordance with the terms of the arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriodWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of non-option equity instruments exercised by participants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(2)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExpirations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares under non-option equity instrument agreements for which rights to exercise lapsed.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(4)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExpirations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6798394544">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>8. Stock Options and Warrants (Details-Warrants by price) - Warrants [Member] - $ / shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2015</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract', window );"><strong>Outstanding Warrants</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding', window );">Warrants outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">17,622,437<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,446,892<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,411,667<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1', window );">Weighted average exercise price, warrants outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.09<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.15<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_ExercisableWarrantsAbstract', window );"><strong>Exercisable Warrants</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights', window );">Warrants exercisable</a></td>
<td class="nump">17,572,437<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardWarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice', window );">Weighted average exercise price, warrants exercisable</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ .09<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember', window );">$0.05 - $0.99 per share [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract', window );"><strong>Outstanding Warrants</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding', window );">Warrants outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">17,622,437<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms', window );">Life (Years)</a></td>
<td class="text">10 months 24 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_ExercisableWarrantsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exercisable Warrants [Abstract]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_ExercisableWarrantsAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Outstanding Warrants [Abstract]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_OutstandingWarrantsAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average exercise price, warrants exercisable</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardWarrantsExercisableWeightedAverageExercisePrice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exercise price per share or per unit of warrants or rights outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(i)(4))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of securities into which the class of warrant or right may be converted. For example, but not limited to, 500,000 warrants may be converted into 1,000,000 shares.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(i)(2))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightNumberOfSecuritiesCalledByWarrantsOrRights</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of warrants or rights outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(i))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfWarrantOrRightOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for equity-based awards excluding options, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerms</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis=qsep_WarrantPrice1Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationSharesAuthorizedUnderStockOptionPlansByExercisePriceRangeAxis=qsep_WarrantPrice1Member</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6809100352">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>8. Stock Options and Warrants (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Compensation costs recognized</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 888,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 442,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember', window );">Options [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2', window );">Weighted average remaining contractual life</a></td>
<td class="text">5 years 7 months 6 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue', window );">Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,174,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross', window );">Options granted, shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">12,561,852<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,250,527<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate', window );">Fair value of options at grant date</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 647,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 357,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Compensation costs recognized</a></td>
<td class="nump">761,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">316,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation', window );">Compensation costs amortized</a></td>
<td class="nump">36,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 34,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions', window );">Unamortized compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">123,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember', window );">Warrants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding', window );">Aggregate intrinsic value of warrants</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Warrants issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,160,770<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,735,225<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Compensation costs recognized</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants', window );">Adjustment to warrants</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 32,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions', window );">Unamortized compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,041,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember', window );">Warrants [Member] | Consultants [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Warrants issued</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">800,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Compensation costs recognized</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 90,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 59,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember', window );">Warrants [Member] | Convertible Notes [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Warrants issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,160,770<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,935,225<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of options at grant date</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">qsep_FairValueOfOptionsAtGrantDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>qsep_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost (reversal of cost) for employee benefits and share-based payment arrangement. Includes, but is not limited to, pension, other postretirement, postemployment and termination benefits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeBenefitsAndShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Unrecognized cost of unvested options awarded to employees as compensation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognizedStockOptions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense (income) related to adjustment to fair value of warrant liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=6939902&amp;loc=d3e20148-110875<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAdjustmentOfWarrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of noncash, equity-based employee remuneration. This may include the value of stock or unit options, amortization of restricted stock or units, and adjustment for officers' compensation. As noncash, this element is an add back when calculating net cash generated by operating activities using the indirect method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=98514028&amp;loc=d3e3602-108585<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of grants made during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Gross number of share options (or share units) granted during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsGrantsInPeriodGross</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount by which the current fair value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of options outstanding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingIntrinsicValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Intrinsic value of equity-based compensation awards outstanding. Excludes stock and unit options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsAggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining contractual term for option awards outstanding, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents the reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (e)(1)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96867065&amp;loc=d3e5070-113901<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SharebasedCompensationArrangementBySharebasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_StockOptionMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=us-gaap_WarrantMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis=qsep_ConsultantsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CounterpartyNameAxis=qsep_ConsultantsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis=qsep_ConvertibleNotesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TransactionTypeAxis=qsep_ConvertibleNotesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
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<SEQUENCE>50
<FILENAME>R38.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6798330480">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>9. Commitments and Contingencies (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">
<div>Dec. 31, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent', window );">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2018</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears', window );">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2019</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears', window );">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2020</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears', window );">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2021</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears', window );">Future minimum operating lease commitment, 2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue', window );">Future minimum operating lease commitment</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths', window );">Other commitment, 2018</a></td>
<td class="nump">785,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear', window );">Other commitment, 2019</a></td>
<td class="nump">337,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear', window );">Other commitment, 2020</a></td>
<td class="nump">187,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear', window );">Other commitment, 2021</a></td>
<td class="nump">187,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear', window );">Other commitment, 2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">187,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitment', window );">Other commitment</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,685,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis=qsep_LicenseAgreementsMember', window );">License Agreements [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths', window );">Other commitment, 2018</a></td>
<td class="nump">187,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear', window );">Other commitment, 2019</a></td>
<td class="nump">187,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear', window );">Other commitment, 2020</a></td>
<td class="nump">187,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear', window );">Other commitment, 2021</a></td>
<td class="nump">187,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear', window );">Other commitment, 2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">187,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitment', window );">Other commitment</a></td>
<td class="nump">937,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis=qsep_CompensationAgreementsMember', window );">Compensation Agreements [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths', window );">Other commitment, 2018</a></td>
<td class="nump">598,400<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear', window );">Other commitment, 2019</a></td>
<td class="nump">149,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear', window );">Other commitment, 2020</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear', window );">Other commitment, 2021</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear', window );">Other commitment, 2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitment', window );">Other commitment</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 748,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="fn" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Company moved its headquarters to Tomball Texas under a month-to-month lease.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Consists of license maintenance fees to Temple University in the amount of $187,500 paid annually through the life of the underlying patents or until otherwise terminated by either party.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[3]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Consists of base salary and certain contractually-provided benefits, to i) a former executive officer, pursuant to an severance in the amount of $580,000 that will be paid through March 31, 2019 pursuant to a separation agreement effective April 1, 2017; ii) an executive officer, pursuant to a two-year employment agreement effective April 1, 2017 at a base annual salary of $150,000 per year under a two-year contract effective April 1, 2017; and iii) an executive officer, pursuant to an employment agreement at a base annual salary of $158,400 per year.</td>
</tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable letter-terms in excess of one year.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the next fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueCurrent</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the fifth fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFiveYears</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the fourth fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInFourYears</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the third fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInThreeYears</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of required minimum rental payments for operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancelable lease term in excess of one year due in the second fiscal year following the latest fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 40<br> -Subparagraph (Note 3)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=82846649&amp;loc=d3e38371-112697<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 840<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=77902758&amp;loc=d3e41502-112717<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasesFutureMinimumPaymentsDueInTwoYears</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum amount of other commitment not otherwise specified in the taxonomy. Excludes commitments explicitly modeled in the taxonomy, including but not limited to, long-term and short-term purchase commitments, recorded and unrecorded purchase obligations, supply commitments, registration payment arrangements, leases, debt, product warranties, guarantees, environmental remediation obligations, and pensions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherCommitment</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum amount of other commitment maturing in the fifth fiscal year following the latest fiscal year for commitments not otherwise specified in the taxonomy. Excludes commitments explicitly modeled in this taxonomy, including but not limited to, long-term and short-term purchase commitments, recorded and unrecorded purchase obligations, supply commitments, registration payment arrangements, leases, debt, product warranties, guarantees, environmental remediation obligations, and pensions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFifthYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum amount of other commitment maturing in the fourth fiscal year following the latest fiscal year for commitments not otherwise specified in the taxonomy. Excludes commitments explicitly modeled in this taxonomy, including but not limited to, long-term and short-term purchase commitments, recorded and unrecorded purchase obligations, supply commitments, registration payment arrangements, leases, debt, product warranties, guarantees, environmental remediation obligations, and pensions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInFourthYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum amount of other commitment maturing in the next fiscal year following the latest fiscal year for commitments not otherwise specified in the taxonomy. Excludes commitments explicitly modeled in this taxonomy, including but not limited to, long-term and short-term purchase commitments, recorded and unrecorded purchase obligations, supply commitments, registration payment arrangements, leases, debt, product warranties, guarantees, environmental remediation obligations, and pensions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInNextTwelveMonths</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum amount of other commitment maturing in the second fiscal year following the latest fiscal year for commitments not otherwise specified in the taxonomy. Excludes commitments explicitly modeled in this taxonomy, including but not limited to, long-term and short-term purchase commitments, recorded and unrecorded purchase obligations, supply commitments, registration payment arrangements, leases, debt, product warranties, guarantees, environmental remediation obligations, and pensions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInSecondYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum amount of other commitment maturing in the third fiscal year following the latest fiscal year for commitments not otherwise specified in the taxonomy. Excludes commitments explicitly modeled in this taxonomy, including but not limited to, long-term and short-term purchase commitments, recorded and unrecorded purchase obligations, supply commitments, registration payment arrangements, leases, debt, product warranties, guarantees, environmental remediation obligations, and pensions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherCommitmentDueInThirdYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis=qsep_LicenseAgreementsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis=qsep_LicenseAgreementsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis=qsep_CompensationAgreementsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherCommitmentsAxis=qsep_CompensationAgreementsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6630725392">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>9. Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeaseAndRentalExpense', window );">Rent expense</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 20,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 45,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LeaseAndRentalExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of rent expense incurred for leased assets, including but not limited to, furniture and equipment, that is not directly or indirectly associated with the manufacture, sale or creation of a product or product line.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LeaseAndRentalExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>52
<FILENAME>R40.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6799431904">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>10. Income Taxes (Details-Reconciliation of Income Tax) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Federal tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">34.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34.00%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes', window );">State tax rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">8.84%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8.84%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate', window );">Computed tax provision (benefit) at federal statutory rate (34%)</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (546,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (593,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes', window );">State income taxes, net of federal benefit (8.84%)</a></td>
<td class="num">(142,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(154,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="nump">689,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">748,600<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Income tax provision</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,600<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of domestic federal statutory tax rate applicable to pretax income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>num:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations applicable to state and local income tax expense (benefit), net of federal tax expense (benefit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=34349781&amp;loc=d3e330036-122817<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (a),(b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32639-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08.(h))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to increase (decrease) in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84176650&amp;loc=d3e32123-109318<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of income tax expense or benefit for the period computed by applying the domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of the difference between reported income tax expense (benefit) and expected income tax expense (benefit) computed by applying the domestic federal statutory income tax rates to pretax income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to state and local income tax expense (benefit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32698-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32687-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=26873400&amp;loc=d3e23780-122690<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6799416544">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>10. Income Taxes (Details-Deferred tax assets) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2017</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2016</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Net operating loss carry forwards</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,746,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 21,552,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation', window );">Stock based compensation</a></td>
<td class="num">(249,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(181,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseOther', window );">Non-cash interest and financing expenses</a></td>
<td class="num">(480,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(663,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsOther', window );">Other temporary differences</a></td>
<td class="num">(176,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(81,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance', window );">Valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="num">(13,841,000)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(20,627,000)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet', window );">Total deferred taxes net of valuation allowance</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences and carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b),(c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible operating loss carryforwards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96869850&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwards</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount before allocation of valuation allowances of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from employee compensation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96869850&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseCompensationAndBenefitsEmployeeCompensation</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from provisions, reserves, allowances, and accruals, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96869850&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseOther</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before allocation of valuation allowance, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible temporary differences from reserves and accruals, classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32632-109319<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=96869850&amp;loc=d3e28680-109314<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32621-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32537-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
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<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.8.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6630040928">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>10. Income Taxes (Details Narrative)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th">
<div>Dec. 31, 2017 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards', window );">Net operating loss carryforward</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 53,000,000<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwardsExpirationDate', window );">Carryforward expiration date</a></td>
<td class="text">Dec. 31,  2037<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of operating loss carryforward, before tax effects, available to reduce future taxable income under enacted tax laws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32559-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLossCarryforwards</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Expiration date of each operating loss carryforward included in operating loss carryforward, in CCYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&amp;oid=84230637&amp;loc=d3e32559-109319<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
