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8. Stock Options and Warrants (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Additional Disclosures [Abstract]  
Stock option activity
   Options  

Weighted Avg.

Exercise Price

 
Options outstanding, January 1, 2017   23,474,256   $0.30 
Options granted   12,561,852    0.12 
Options exercised   (449,754)   0.05 
Options cancelled   (188,679)   0.53 
Options outstanding, December 31, 2017   35,397,675   $0.23 
Options granted   2,083,335    0.18 
Options exercised   (179,710)   0.07 
Options cancelled   (2,000,000)   0.28 
Options outstanding, December 31, 2018   35,301,300    0.22 
Options outstanding by Per Share Price
     Outstanding Options    Exercisable Options 
 

Option

Exercise Price

Per Share

    Shares    

Life

(Years)

    

Weighted

Average Exercise

Price

    Shares    

Weighted

Average Exercise

Price

 
 $ 0.05 - $ 0.24    13,766,250    8.1   $0.10    13,466,250   $0.10 
 $ 0.25 - $ 0.49    20,913,552    3.3    0.27    18,913,552    0.27 
 $ 0.50 - $ 0.99    471,052    5.3    0.85    471,052    0.85 
 $ 1.00 - $ 2.00    150,446    4.6    1.18    150,446    1.18 
      35,301,300    5.2   $0.22    33,001,300   $0.21 
Assumptions used for option valuation
   Years Ended 
   2018   2017 
Expected life (years)   5.5    5 – 6 
Risk free interest rate   1.70%    1.72 – 1.94% 
Volatility   118%    114 – 124% 
Expected dividend yield   0%    0% 
Warrant activity
   Warrants  

Weighted Avg.

Exercise Price

 
Warrants outstanding, January 1, 2017   11,446,892    0.15 
Warrants granted   16,160,770    0.05 
Warrants exercised   (4,414,000)   0.08 
Warrants cancelled   (5,571,225)   0.10 
Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2017   17,622,437   $0.09 
Warrants granted   18,238,688    0.05 
Warrants exercised   (12,517,773)   0.05 
Warrants cancelled   (2,287,997)   0.05 
Warrants outstanding, December 31, 2018   21,055,355    0.09 
Warrants outstanding by Per Share Price
          Outstanding Warrants       Exercisable Warrants  
 

Warrant

Exercise Price

Per Share

      Shares      

Life

(Years)

     

Weighted

Average Exercise

Price

      Shares      

Weighted

Average Exercise

Price

 
  $ 0.05 - $ 0.24       18,343,688       0.9     $ 0.06        18,343,688     $ 0.06  
  $ 0.25 - $ 0.49       2,641,667       2.2       0.30        2,641,667       0.30  
  $ 0.50 - $ 1.00       70,000       5.3       0.80        70,000       0.80  
          21,055,355       1.1     $ 0.09       21,055,355     $ 0.09