<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000950103-25-016369.txt : 20251219
<SEC-HEADER>0000950103-25-016369.hdr.sgml : 20251219
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20251219122720
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000950103-25-016369
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	424B2
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		18
FILED AS OF DATE:		20251219
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20251219

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ROYAL BANK OF CANADA
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001000275
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	COMMERCIAL BANKS, NEC [6029]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	02 Finance
		EIN:				135357855
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			A6
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1031

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		424B2
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-275898
		FILM NUMBER:		251586494

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		ADDRESS IS A NON US LOCATION: 	YES
		STREET 1:		ROYAL BANK PLAZA
		STREET 2:		200 BAY STREET
		CITY:			TORONTO
		PROVINCE COUNTRY:   	A6
		ZIP:			M5J 2J5
		BUSINESS PHONE:		212-437-9267

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		ADDRESS IS A NON US LOCATION: 	YES
		STREET 1:		ROYAL BANK PLAZA
		STREET 2:		200 BAY STREET
		CITY:			TORONTO
		PROVINCE COUNTRY:   	A6
		ZIP:			M5J 2J5

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ROYAL BANK OF CANADA \
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19950908
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>424B2
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>dp238985_424b2-wfceln350wof.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM 424B2
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD ROWSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-left: 4pt; width: 65%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">PRICING SUPPLEMENT
    dated December 17, 2025</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">(To the Product
    Supplement No. WF1 dated December 20, 2023 and the <BR>
Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus, each dated December 20, 2023)</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 35%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">Registration Statement
    No. 333-275898</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9pt">Filed Pursuant
    to Rule 424(b)(2)</FONT></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><IMG SRC="image_001.jpg" ALT=""><FONT STYLE="font-size: 11pt"></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 4pt; width: 100%">
    <P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #BB0826"><B>Royal Bank of Canada</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 11pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #BB0826"><B>Senior Global Medium-Term Notes, Series J</B></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #D5D9D8">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 4pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #BB0826"><B>$4,625,000 Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable
    with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #BB0826"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest
    Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock
    of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; color: red"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 4.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 13.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: White">n</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); text-align: justify; padding-right: 4.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: White">Linked
                                            to the lowest performing of the common stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class
                                            A common stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the common stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation (each
                                            referred to as an &ldquo;<U>Underlying Stock</U>&rdquo;)</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; color: red"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 4.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 13.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: White">n</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); text-align: justify; padding-right: 4.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: White">Unlike
                                            ordinary debt securities, the securities do not provide for fixed payments of interest, do
                                            not repay a fixed amount of principal at stated maturity and are subject to potential automatic
                                            call prior to stated maturity upon the terms described below. Whether the securities pay
                                            a contingent coupon, whether the securities are automatically called prior to stated maturity
                                            and, if they are not automatically called, whether you receive the face amount of your securities
                                            at stated maturity will depend, in each case, on the closing value of the lowest performing
                                            Underlying Stock on the relevant calculation day. The lowest performing Underlying Stock
                                            on any calculation day is the Underlying Stock that has the lowest performance factor on
                                            that calculation day, calculated for each Underlying Stock as the closing value of that Underlying
                                            Stock on that calculation day <I>divided by</I> its starting value.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; color: red"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 4.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 13.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: White">n</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); text-align: justify; padding-right: 4.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: White"><B>Contingent
                                            Coupon.</B> The securities will pay a contingent coupon on a quarterly basis until the earlier
                                            of stated maturity or automatic call if the closing value of the lowest performing Underlying
                                            Stock on the calculation day for the relevant quarter is greater than or equal to its coupon
                                            threshold value. However, if the closing value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock
                                            on a calculation day is less than its coupon threshold value, you will not receive any contingent
                                            coupon for the relevant quarter. If the closing value of the lowest performing Underlying
                                            Stock is less than its coupon threshold value on every calculation day, you will not receive
                                            any contingent coupons throughout the entire term of the securities. The coupon threshold
                                            value for each Underlying Stock is equal to 70% of its starting value. The contingent coupon
                                            rate is 22.00% per annum.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; color: red"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 4.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 13.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: White">n</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); text-align: justify; padding-right: 4.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: White"><B>Automatic
                                            Call.</B> If the closing value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on any of the quarterly
                                            calculation days scheduled to occur from June 2026 to September 2028, inclusive, is greater
                                            than or equal to its starting value, the securities will be automatically called for the
                                            face amount <I>plus</I> a final contingent coupon payment.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; color: red"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 4.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 13.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: White">n</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); text-align: justify; padding-right: 4.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: White"><B>Potential
                                            Loss of Principal.</B> If the securities are not automatically called prior to stated maturity,
                                            you will receive the face amount at stated maturity if the closing value of the lowest performing
                                            Underlying Stock on the final calculation day is greater than or equal to its downside threshold
                                            value. If the closing value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation
                                            day is less than its downside threshold value, you will lose more than 30%, and possibly
                                            all, of the face amount of your securities. The downside threshold value <B>for each Underlying
                                            Stock</B> is equal to 70% of its starting value.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; color: red"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 4.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 13.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: White">n</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); text-align: justify; padding-right: 4.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: White">If
                                            the securities are not automatically called prior to stated maturity, you will have full
                                            downside exposure to the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day
                                            from its starting value if its closing value on the final calculation day is less than its
                                            downside threshold value, but you will not participate in any appreciation of any Underlying
                                            Stock and will not receive any dividends on any Underlying Stock.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; color: red"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 4.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 13.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: White">n</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); text-align: justify; padding-right: 4.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: White">Investors
                                            may lose a significant portion, or all, of the face amount.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; color: red"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 4.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 13.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: White">n</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); text-align: justify; padding-right: 4.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: White">Your
                                            return on the securities will depend <B>solely</B> on the performance of the Underlying Stock
                                            that is the lowest performing Underlying Stock on each calculation day. You will not benefit
                                            in any way from the performance of the better performing Underlying Stocks. Therefore, you
                                            will be adversely affected if <B>any Underlying Stock</B> performs poorly, even if any other
                                            Underlying Stock performs favorably.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; color: red"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 4.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 13.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: White">n</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); text-align: justify; padding-right: 4.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: White">All
                                            payments on the securities are subject to credit risk, and you will have no ability to pursue
                                            the issuer of any Underlying Stock for payment; if Royal Bank of Canada, as issuer, defaults
                                            on its obligations, you could lose some or all of your investment.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; color: red"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 4.3pt"></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); width: 13.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: White">n</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(94,138,180); text-align: justify; padding-right: 4.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: White">No
                                            exchange listing; designed to be held to maturity or automatic call</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>The initial estimated value of the securities
determined by us as of the pricing date, which we refer to as the initial estimated value, is $971.33 per security and is less than the
original offering price of the securities. The market value of the securities at any time will reflect many factors, cannot be predicted
with accuracy and may be less than this amount. We describe the determination of the initial estimated value in more detail below.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>The securities have complex features and investing
in the securities involves risks not associated with an investment in conventional debt securities. See &ldquo;Selected Risk Considerations&rdquo;
beginning on page PS-9 herein and &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; beginning on page PS-5 of the accompanying product supplement.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>The securities are the unsecured obligations
of Royal Bank of Canada, and, accordingly, all payments on the securities are subject to the credit risk Royal Bank of Canada. If Royal
Bank of Canada, as issuer, defaults on its obligations, you could lose some or all of your investment.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>None of the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;), any state securities commission or any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of the securities or
passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this pricing supplement. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The securities
will not constitute deposits insured by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any
other Canadian or U.S. governmental agency or instrumentality. The securities are not bail-inable notes and are not subject to conversion
into our common shares under subsection 39.2(2.3) of the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation Act.</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 4pt; width: 25%; border-bottom: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; width: 25%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Original Offering Price</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; width: 25%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Agent Discount<SUP>(1)(2)</SUP></B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; width: 25%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Proceeds to Royal Bank of Canada</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 4pt; vertical-align: top; border-right: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; border-bottom: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; border-left: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Per Security</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; border-right: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; border-bottom: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$1,000.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; border-right: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; border-bottom: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$23.25</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; border-right: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; border-bottom: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$976.75</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 4pt; vertical-align: top; border-right: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; border-bottom: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; border-left: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Total</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; border-right: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; border-bottom: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$4,625,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; border-right: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; border-bottom: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$107,531.25</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: bottom; border-right: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; border-bottom: #E0E3E2 1pt solid; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$4,517,468.75</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 12.25pt"><SUP>(1)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Wells Fargo Securities, LLC is the agent for the distribution of the securities and is acting as principal.
See &ldquo;Terms of the Securities&mdash;Agent&rdquo; and &ldquo;Estimated Value of the Securities&rdquo; in this pricing supplement for
further information.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 12.25pt"><SUP>(2)</SUP></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">In addition to the forgoing, in respect of certain securities sold in this offering, our affiliate, RBC
Capital Markets, LLC (&ldquo;<U>RBCCM</U>&rdquo;), may pay a fee of up to $2.00 per security to selected securities dealers in consideration
for marketing and other services in connection with the distribution of the securities to other securities dealers.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Wells Fargo Securities</B></P>


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    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
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  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #5E8AB4">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1pt; width: 100%; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Terms of the Securities</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
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  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; width: 22%; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Issuer:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 4pt; padding-left: 4pt; padding-top: 4pt; width: 78%; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Royal Bank of Canada</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

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  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: white 1pt solid; background-color: rgb(217,217,214); padding-top: 4pt; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="5" STYLE="padding: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The common stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (the &ldquo;<U>GS Stock</U>&rdquo;), the Class A common stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. (the &ldquo;<U>META Stock</U>&rdquo;) and the common stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation (the &ldquo;<U>XOM Stock</U>&rdquo;) (each referred to as an &ldquo;<U>Underlying Stock</U>,&rdquo; and collectively as the &ldquo;<U>Underlying Stocks</U>&rdquo;)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(217,217,214); padding-top: 4pt; vertical-align: top; width: 22%; border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 15%; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Market <BR>
Measure</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-top: 4pt; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt; width: 16%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Bloomberg<BR>
 Ticker Symbol</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; width: 16%; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Starting <BR>
Value<SUP>(a)</SUP></B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; width: 16%; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Coupon <BR>
Threshold <BR>
Value<SUP>(b)</SUP></B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; width: 15%; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Downside <BR>
Threshold <BR>
Value<SUP>(b)</SUP></B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: rgb(217,217,214); padding-top: 4pt; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Market Measure:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt">GS
    Stock</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-top: 4pt; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">GS UN</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$872.33</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"></FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$610.631</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"></FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$610.631</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: rgb(217,217,214); padding-top: 4pt; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">META Stock</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-top: 4pt; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">META UW</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$649.50</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$454.65</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$454.65</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; background-color: rgb(217,217,214); padding-top: 4pt; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">XOM Stock</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-top: 4pt; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">XOM UN</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$117.41</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$82.187</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$82.187</TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(217,217,214); padding-top: 4pt; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="5" STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; padding-left: 0.1in; padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><SUP>(a)</SUP> With respect to each Underlying Stock, the closing value of that Underlying Stock on the pricing date</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="background-color: rgb(217,217,214); padding-top: 4pt; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.1in; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="5" STYLE="padding-top: 4pt; padding-left: 0.1in; padding-bottom: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><SUP>(b)</SUP> With respect to each Underlying Stock, 70% of its starting value</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; width: 22%; border-top: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Pricing Date:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom; width: 78%; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">December 17, 2025</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Issue Date:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">December 22, 2025</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Final Calculation Day*:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">December 18, 2028</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Stated Maturity Date*:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">December 21, 2028</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Face Amount:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$1,000 per security. References in this pricing supplement to a &ldquo;<U>security</U>&rdquo; are to a security with a face amount of $1,000.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Contingent Coupon <BR>
Payment:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On each contingent coupon payment date, you will
    receive a contingent coupon payment at a per annum rate equal to the contingent coupon rate if the closing value of the lowest performing
    Underlying Stock on the related calculation day is greater than or equal to its coupon threshold value.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each &ldquo;<U>contingent coupon payment</U>,&rdquo;
    if any, will be calculated per security as follows: ($1,000 &times; contingent coupon rate) / 4. Any contingent coupon payment will be
    rounded to the nearest cent, with one-half cent rounded upward.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>If the closing value of the lowest performing
    Underlying Stock on any calculation day is less than its coupon threshold value, you will not receive any contingent coupon payment on
    the related contingent coupon payment date. If the closing value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock is less than its coupon threshold
    value on all calculation days, you will not receive any contingent coupon payments over the term of the securities.</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Contingent Coupon <BR>
Payment Dates*:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Quarterly, on the third business day following each calculation day, <I>provided</I> that the contingent coupon payment date with respect to the final calculation day will be the stated maturity date</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Contingent Coupon Rate:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The &ldquo;<U>contingent coupon rate</U>&rdquo; is 22.00% per annum.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Automatic Call:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the closing value of the lowest performing
    Underlying Stock on any of the quarterly calculation days scheduled to occur from June 2026 to September 2028, inclusive, is greater than
    or equal to its starting value, the securities will be automatically called, and on the related call settlement date you will be entitled
    to receive a cash payment per security in U.S. dollars equal to the face amount <I>plus</I> a final contingent coupon payment. The securities
    will not be subject to automatic call until the second calculation day, which is approximately six months after the issue date.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the securities are automatically called, they
    will cease to be outstanding on the related call settlement date and you will have no further rights under the securities after that call
    settlement date. You will not receive any notice from us if the securities are automatically called.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Calculation Days*:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Quarterly, on the 17th day of each March, June, September and December, commencing March 2026 and ending December 2028, <I>provided</I> that the December 2028 calculation day will be the final calculation day</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Call Settlement Date*:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">The contingent coupon payment date immediately following</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the applicable calculation day</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Maturity Payment <BR>
Amount:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the securities are not automatically called
    prior to the stated maturity date, you will be entitled to receive on the stated maturity date a cash payment per security in U.S. dollars
    equal to the maturity payment amount (in addition to the final contingent coupon payment, if any). The &ldquo;<U>maturity payment amount</U>&rdquo;
    per security will equal:</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Wingdings; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#167;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Wingdings; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: -11pt 0pt 0pt 0.4in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">if the ending value
    of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day is greater than or equal to its downside threshold value: $1,000;
    or</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.4in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; width: 22%; border-top: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom; width: 78%">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Wingdings; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&#167;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Wingdings; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: -11pt 0pt 0pt 0.4in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">if the ending value
    of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day is less than its downside threshold value:</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.4in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 30.35pt; text-align: center">$1,000 &times; performance factor of
    the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 30.35pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>If the securities are not automatically called
    prior to stated maturity and the ending value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day is less than its
    downside threshold value, you will have full downside exposure to the decrease in the value of that Underlying Stock from its starting
    value, and you will lose more than 30%, and possibly all, of the face amount of your securities at maturity.</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Any return on the securities will be limited
    to the sum of your contingent coupon payments, if any. You will not participate in any appreciation of any Underlying Stock, but you will
    have full downside exposure to the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day if its ending value is less than its
    downside threshold value.</B></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Lowest Performing <BR>
Underlying Stock:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">For any calculation day, the &ldquo;<U>lowest performing Underlying Stock</U>&rdquo; will be the Underlying Stock with the lowest performance factor on that calculation day.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Performance Factor: </B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">With respect to an Underlying Stock on any calculation day, its closing value on that calculation day <I>divided by</I> its starting value (expressed as a percentage)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Closing Value:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">With respect to each Underlying Stock, &ldquo;<U>closing value</U>&rdquo; has the meaning assigned to &ldquo;stock closing price&rdquo; set forth under &ldquo;General Terms of the Securities&mdash;Certain Terms for Securities Linked to an Underlying Stock&mdash;Certain Definitions&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement. The closing value of each Underlying Stock is subject to adjustment through the adjustment factor as described in the accompanying product supplement.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Ending Value:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The &ldquo;<U>ending value</U>&rdquo; of an Underlying Stock will be its closing value on the final calculation day.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Calculation Agent:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">RBC Capital Markets, LLC (&ldquo;<U>RBCCM</U>&rdquo;)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Material Tax <BR>
Consequences:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">For a discussion of the material U.S. federal income and certain estate tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the securities, see the discussions in &ldquo;United States Federal Income Tax Considerations&rdquo; below and in the section entitled &ldquo;United States Federal Tax Considerations&rdquo; in the product supplement. For a discussion of the material Canadian federal income tax consequences relating to the securities, please see the section of the product supplement, &ldquo;Canadian Federal Income Tax Consequences.&rdquo;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Agent:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (&ldquo;<U>WFS</U>&rdquo;).
    The agent will receive the agent discount set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement. The agent may resell the securities
    to other securities dealers at the original offering price of the securities less a concession not in excess of $17.50 per security. Such
    securities dealers may include Wells Fargo Advisors (&ldquo;<U>WFA</U>&rdquo;) (the trade name of the retail brokerage business of WFS&rsquo;s
    affiliates, Wells Fargo Clearing Services, LLC and Wells Fargo Advisors Financial Network, LLC). In addition to the concession allowed
    to WFA, WFS may pay $0.75 per security of the agent&rsquo;s discount to WFA as a distribution expense fee for each security sold by WFA.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to the forgoing, in respect of certain
    securities sold in this offering, our affiliate, RBCCM, may pay a fee of up to $2.00 per security to selected securities dealers in consideration
    for marketing and other services in connection with the distribution of the securities to other securities dealers. We or one of our affiliates
    will also pay an expected fee to a broker-dealer that is unaffiliated with us for providing certain electronic platform services with
    respect to this offering.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">WFS and/or RBCCM, and/or one or more of their
    respective affiliates, expects to realize hedging profits projected by their proprietary pricing models to the extent they assume the
    risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the securities. If WFS or any other dealer participating in the distribution of the securities
    or any of their affiliates conducts hedging activities for us in connection with the securities, that dealer or its affiliates will expect
    to realize a profit projected by its proprietary pricing models from those hedging activities. Any such projected profit will be in addition
    to any discount, concession or fee received in connection with the sale of the securities to you.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Denominations:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$1,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; background-color: #D9D9D6"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>CUSIP:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">78017PQ79</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">* Each calculation day (including the final calculation
day) is subject to postponement due to non-trading days and the occurrence of a market disruption event. In addition, the stated maturity
date will be postponed if the final calculation day is postponed, and will be adjusted for non-business days. For more information regarding
adjustments to the calculation days, call settlement dates, contingent coupon payment dates and the stated maturity date, see &ldquo;General
Terms of the Securities&mdash;Consequences of a Market Disruption Event; Postponement of a Calculation Day&mdash;Securities Linked to
Multiple Market Measures&rdquo; and &ldquo;&mdash;Payment Dates&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement. In addition, for information
regarding the circumstances that may result in a market disruption event, see &ldquo;General Terms of the Securities&mdash;Certain Terms
for Securities Linked to an Underlying Stock&mdash;Market Disruption Events&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement.</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #5E8AB4">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1pt; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Additional Information about the Issuer and the Securities</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should read this pricing supplement together
with the prospectus dated December 20, 2023, as supplemented by the prospectus supplement dated December 20, 2023, relating to our Senior
Global Medium-Term Notes, Series J, of which the securities are a part, and the product supplement no. WF1 dated December 20, 2023. <B>This
pricing supplement, together with these documents, contains the terms of the securities and supersedes all other prior or contemporaneous
oral statements as well as any other written materials, including preliminary or indicative pricing terms, correspondence, trade ideas,
structures for implementation, sample structures, fact sheets, brochures or other educational materials of ours.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have not authorized anyone to provide any information
or to make any representations other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this pricing supplement and the documents listed
below. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give
you. These documents are an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where
it is lawful to do so. The information contained in each such document is current only as of its date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the information in this pricing supplement
differs from the information contained in the documents listed below, you should rely on the information in this pricing supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should carefully consider, among other things,
the matters set forth in &ldquo;Selected Risk Considerations&rdquo; in this pricing supplement and &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; in the documents
listed below, as the securities involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities. We urge you to consult your investment,
legal, tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>You may access these documents on the SEC website
at www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Prospectus dated December 20, 2023:</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-style: normal"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000119312523299520/d645671d424b3.htm" STYLE="color: Blue; text-decoration: underline">https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000119312523299520/d645671d424b3.htm</A></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Prospectus Supplement dated December 20, 2023:<BR>
<A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000119312523299523/d638227d424b3.htm" STYLE="color: Blue; text-decoration: underline">https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000119312523299523/d638227d424b3.htm</A></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Product Supplement No. WF1 dated December 20, 2023:<BR>
<A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000114036123058587/ef20016916_424b5.htm" STYLE="color: Blue; text-decoration: underline">https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000114036123058587/ef20016916_424b5.htm</A></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website
is 1000275. As used in this pricing supplement, &ldquo;Royal Bank of Canada,&rdquo; the &ldquo;Bank,&rdquo; &ldquo;we,&rdquo; &ldquo;our&rdquo;
and &ldquo;us&rdquo; mean only Royal Bank of Canada.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1pt; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Estimated Value of the Securities</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The initial estimated value of the securities
is based on the value of our obligation to make the payments on the securities, together with the mid-market value of the derivative embedded
in the terms of the securities. Our estimate is based on a variety of assumptions, including our internal funding rate (which represents
a discount from our credit spreads), expectations as to dividends, interest rates and volatility, and the expected term of the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The securities are our debt securities. As is
the case for all of our debt securities, including our structured notes, the economic terms of the securities reflect our actual or perceived
creditworthiness. In addition, because structured notes result in increased operational, funding and liability management costs to us,
we typically borrow the funds under structured notes at a rate that is lower than the rate that we might pay for a conventional fixed
or floating rate debt security of comparable maturity. The lower internal funding rate, the agent discount and the hedging-related costs
relating to the securities reduce the economic terms of the securities to you and result in the initial estimated value for the securities
being less than their original issue price. Unlike the initial estimated value, any value of the securities determined for purposes of
a secondary market transaction may be based on a secondary market rate, which may result in a lower value for the securities than if our
initial internal funding rate were used.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In order to satisfy our payment obligations under
the securities, we may choose to enter into certain hedging arrangements (which may include call options, put options or other derivatives)
with the agent, RBCCM and/or one of their respective affiliates. The terms of these hedging arrangements may take into account a number
of factors, including our creditworthiness, interest rate movements, volatility and the tenor of the securities. The economic terms of
the securities and the initial estimated value depend in part on the terms of these hedging arrangements. Our cost of hedging will include
the projected profit that we or our counterparty(ies) expect to realize in consideration for assuming the risks inherent in hedging our
obligations under the securities. Because hedging our obligations entails risks and may be influenced by market forces beyond our or our
counterparty(ies)&rsquo; control, such hedging may result in a profit that is more or less than expected, or could result in a loss.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">See &ldquo;Selected Risk Considerations&mdash;Risks
Relating To The Estimated Value Of The Securities And Any Secondary Market&mdash;The Initial Estimated Value Of The Securities Is Less
Than The Original Offering Price&rdquo; below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any price that the agent or RBCCM makes available
from time to time after the original issue date at which it would be willing to purchase the securities will generally reflect the agent&rsquo;s
or RBCCM&rsquo;s estimate of their value, as applicable, less a customary bid-ask spread for similar trades and the cost of unwinding
any related hedge transactions. That estimated value will be based upon a variety of factors, including then prevailing market conditions
and our creditworthiness. However, for a period of three months after the original issue date, the price at which the agent or RBCCM may
purchase the securities is expected to be higher than the price that would be determined based on the agent&rsquo;s or RBCCM&rsquo;s valuation,
respectively, at that time less the bid-ask spread and hedging unwind costs referenced above. This is because, at the beginning of this
period, that price will not include certain costs that were included in the original offering price, particularly a portion of the agent
discount and commission (not including the selling concession) and the expected profits that we or our hedging counterparty(ies) expect
to receive from our hedging transactions. As the period continues, these costs are expected to be gradually included in the price that
the agent or RBCCM would be willing to pay, and the difference between that price and the price that would be determined based on the
agent&rsquo;s or RBCCM&rsquo;s valuation of the securities, as applicable, less a bid-ask spread and hedging unwind costs will decrease
over time until the end of this period. After this period, if the agent or RBCCM continues to make a market in the securities, the prices
that it would pay for them are expected to reflect the agent&rsquo;s or RBCCM&rsquo;s estimated value, respectively, less the bid-ask
spread and hedging unwind costs referenced above. In addition, the value of the securities shown on your account statement will generally
reflect the price that the agent or RBCCM, as applicable, would be willing to pay to purchase the securities at that time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1pt; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Investor Considerations</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>The securities are not appropriate for all
investors. The securities may be an appropriate investment for investors who: </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">seek an investment with contingent coupon payments
with a rate per annum specified on the cover hereof until the earlier of stated maturity or automatic call, if the closing value of the
lowest performing Underlying Stock on the applicable calculation day is greater than or equal to its coupon threshold value;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">understand that if the securities are not automatically
called prior to stated maturity and the ending value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day is less than
its downside threshold value, they will have full downside exposure to the decrease in the value of that Underlying Stock from its starting
value, and they will lose more than 30%, and possibly all, of the face amount of their securities at maturity;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">are willing to accept the risk that they may
receive few or no contingent coupon payments over the term of the securities; </FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">understand that the securities may be automatically
called prior to stated maturity and that the term of the securities may be limited;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">understand that the return on the securities
will depend solely on the performance of the Underlying Stock that is the lowest performing Underlying Stock on each calculation day and
that they will not benefit in any way from the performance of the better performing Underlying Stocks;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">understand that the securities are riskier than
alternative investments linked to only one of the Underlying Stocks or linked to a basket composed of each Underlying Stock;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">understand and are willing to accept the full
downside risks of each Underlying Stock; </FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">are willing to forgo participation in any appreciation
of any Underlying Stock and dividends on the Underlying Stocks; and</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">are willing to hold the securities until maturity
or automatic call.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>The securities may not be an appropriate investment
for investors who:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B></B></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">seek a liquid investment or are unable or unwilling
to hold the securities to maturity or any earlier automatic call;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">require full payment of the face amount of the
securities at stated maturity;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">seek a security with a fixed term;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">are unwilling to purchase securities with an
estimated value as of the pricing date that is lower than the original offering price and that may be as low as the lower estimated value
set forth on the cover page;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">are unwilling to accept the risk that the ending
value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day may be less than its downside threshold value;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">seek the certainty of current income over the
term of the securities;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">seek exposure to the upside performance of any
or each Underlying Stock;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">seek exposure to a basket composed of each Underlying
Stock or a similar investment in which the overall return is based on a blend of the performances of the Underlying Stocks, rather than
solely on the lowest performing Underlying Stock;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">are unwilling to accept the risk of exposure
to the Underlying Stocks;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">are unwilling to accept the credit risk of Royal
Bank of Canada to obtain exposure to the Underlying Stocks; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#167;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">prefer the lower risk of fixed income investments
with comparable maturities issued by companies with comparable credit ratings.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Georgia, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>The considerations identified above are not
exhaustive. Whether or not the securities are an appropriate investment for you will depend on your individual circumstances, and you
should reach an investment decision only after you and your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisors have carefully considered
the appropriateness of an investment in the securities in light of your particular circumstances. You should also review carefully the
&ldquo;Selected Risk Considerations&rdquo; herein and the &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement for risks
related to an investment in the securities. For more information about the Underlying Stocks, see the sections titled &ldquo;The Common
Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.,&rdquo; &ldquo;The Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc.&rdquo; and &ldquo;The Common Stock
of Exxon Mobil Corporation&rdquo; below.</B></P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #5E8AB4">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1pt; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Determining Payment On A Contingent Coupon Payment Date and at Maturity</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the securities have not been previously automatically
called, on each contingent coupon payment date, you will either receive a contingent coupon payment or you will not receive a contingent
coupon payment, depending on the closing value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the related calculation day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Step 1</B>: Determine which Underlying Stock
is the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the relevant calculation day. The lowest performing Underlying Stock on any calculation day
is the Underlying Stock with the lowest performance factor on that calculation day, calculated for each Underlying Stock on a calculation
day as its closing value on that calculation day <I>divided by</I> its starting value.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Step 2</B>: Determine whether a contingent
coupon payment is payable on the applicable contingent coupon payment date based on the closing value of the lowest performing Underlying
Stock on the relevant calculation day, as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><IMG SRC="image_002.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the securities have not been automatically
called prior to the stated maturity date, then at maturity you will receive (in addition to the final contingent coupon payment, if any)
a cash payment per security (the maturity payment amount) calculated as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Step 1</B>: Determine which Underlying Stock
is the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day. The lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation
day is the Underlying Stock <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">with the lowest performance factor on the final calculation day, calculated
for each Underlying Stock on the final calculation day as its ending value <I>divided by</I> its starting value.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Step 2</B>: Calculate the maturity payment
amount based on the ending value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day, as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><IMG SRC="image_003.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #5E8AB4">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1pt; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Hypothetical Payout Profile</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following profile illustrates the potential
maturity payment amount on the securities (excluding the final contingent coupon payment, if any) for a range of hypothetical performances
of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day from its starting value to its ending value, assuming the securities
have not been automatically called prior to the stated maturity date. As this profile illustrates, in no event will you have a positive
rate of return based solely on the maturity payment amount received at maturity; any positive return will be based solely on the contingent
coupon payments, if any, received during the term of the securities. This graph has been prepared for purposes of illustration only. Your
actual return will depend on whether the securities are automatically called, the actual ending value of the lowest performing Underlying
Stock on the final calculation day and whether you hold your securities to stated maturity. The performance of the better performing Underlying
Stocks is not relevant to your return on the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><IMG SRC="image_004.jpg" ALT=""></P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #5E8AB4">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1pt; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Selected Risk Considerations </B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">An investment in the securities involves significant
risks. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the securities. Some of
the risks that apply to an investment in the securities are summarized below, but we urge you to read also the &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo;
sections of the accompanying prospectus, prospectus supplement and product supplement. You should not purchase the securities unless you
understand and can bear the risks of investing in the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Risks Relating To The Terms And Structure
Of The Securities</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>If The Securities Are Not Automatically Called
Prior To Stated Maturity, You May Lose Some Or All Of The Face Amount Of Your Securities At Stated Maturity.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We will not repay you a fixed amount on the securities
on the stated maturity date. If the securities are not automatically called prior to stated maturity, you will receive a maturity payment
amount that will be equal to or less than the face amount, depending on the ending value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on
the final calculation day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the securities are not automatically called
prior to stated maturity and the ending value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day is less than its
downside threshold value, the maturity payment amount will be less than the face amount and you will have full downside exposure to the
decrease in the value of that Underlying Stock from its starting value. The downside threshold value for each Underlying Stock is 70%
of its starting value. For example, if the securities are not automatically called and the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final
calculation day has declined by 30.1% from its starting value to its ending value, you will not receive any benefit of the contingent
downside protection feature and you will lose 30.1% of the face amount. As a result, you will not receive any contingent downside protection
if the value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day declines below its downside threshold value, and you
will lose more than 30%, and possibly all, of the face amount of your securities at maturity. This will be the case even if the value
of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day is greater than or equal to its starting value or its downside
threshold value at certain times during the term of the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Even if the ending value of the lowest performing
Underlying Stock on the final calculation day is greater than its downside threshold value, the maturity payment amount will not exceed
the face amount, and your yield on the securities, taking into account any contingent coupon payments you may have received during the
term of the securities, may be less than the yield you would earn if you bought a traditional interest-bearing debt security of Royal
Bank of Canada or another issuer with a similar credit rating with the same stated maturity date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>The Securities Do Not Provide For Fixed Payments
Of Interest And You May Receive No Contingent Coupon Payments On One Or More Contingent Coupon Payment Dates, Or Even Throughout The Entire
Term Of The Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On each contingent coupon payment date you will
receive a contingent coupon payment if the closing value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the related calculation day is greater
than or equal to its coupon threshold value. If the closing value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on any calculation day is
less than its coupon threshold value, you will not receive any contingent coupon payment on the related contingent coupon payment date,
and if the closing value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock is less than its coupon threshold value on each calculation day over
the term of the securities, you will not receive any contingent coupon payments over the entire term of the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>The Securities Are Subject To The Full Downside
Risks Of Each Underlying Stock And Will Be Negatively Affected If Any Underlying Stock Performs Poorly, Even If Any Other Underlying Stock
Performs Favorably.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You are subject to the full downside risks of
each Underlying Stock. If any Underlying Stock performs poorly, you will be negatively affected, even if any other Underlying Stock performs
favorably. The securities are not linked to a basket composed of the Underlying Stocks, where the better performance of one Underlying
Stock could offset the poor performance of any other. Instead, you are subject to the full downside risks of whichever Underlying Stock
is the lowest performing Underlying Stock on each calculation day. As a result, the securities are riskier than an alternative investment
linked to only one of the Underlying Stocks or linked to a basket composed of each Underlying Stock. You should not invest in the securities
unless you understand and are willing to accept the full downside risks of each Underlying Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Your Return On The Securities Will Depend Solely
On The Performance Of The Underlying Stock That Is The Lowest Performing Underlying Stock On Each Calculation Day, And You Will Not Benefit
In Any Way From The Performance Of Any Better Performing Underlying Stock.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Your return on the securities will depend solely
on the performance of the Underlying Stock that is the lowest performing Underlying Stock on each calculation day. Although it is necessary
for each Underlying Stock to close at or above its coupon threshold value on the relevant calculation day in order for you to receive
a contingent coupon payment and at or above its downside threshold value on the final calculation day for you to receive the face amount
of your securities at maturity, you will not benefit in any way from the performance of the better performing Underlying Stocks. The securities
may underperform an alternative investment linked to a basket composed of the Underlying Stocks, since in such case the performance of
the better performing Underlying Stocks would be blended with the performance of the lowest performing Underlying Stock, resulting in
a better return than the return of the lowest performing Underlying Stock alone.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>You Will Be Subject To Risks Resulting From
The Relationship Among The Underlying Stocks.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">It is preferable from your perspective for the
Underlying Stocks to be correlated with each other so that their values will tend to increase or decrease at similar times and by similar
magnitudes. By investing in the securities, you assume the risk that the Underlying Stocks will not exhibit this relationship. The less
correlated the Underlying Stocks, the more likely it is that one of the Underlying Stocks will be performing poorly at any time over the
term of the securities. All that is necessary for the securities to perform poorly is for one of the Underlying Stocks to perform poorly;
the performance of the better performing Underlying Stocks is not relevant to your return on the securities. It is impossible to predict
what the relationship among the Underlying Stocks will be over the term of the securities. To the extent the Underlying Stocks operate
in different industries, those industries may not perform similarly over the term of the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>You May Be Fully Exposed To The Decline In
The Lowest Performing Underlying Stock On The Final Calculation Day From Its Starting Value, But Will Not Participate In Any Positive
Performance Of Any Underlying Stock.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Even though you will be fully exposed to a decline
in the value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day if its ending value is below its downside threshold
value, you will not participate in any increase in the value of any Underlying Stock over the term of the securities. Your maximum possible
return on the securities will be limited to the sum of the contingent coupon payments you receive, if any. Consequently, your return on
the securities may be significantly less than the return you could achieve on an alternative investment that provides for participation
in an increase in the value of any or each Underlying Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Higher Contingent Coupon Rates Are Associated
With Greater Risk.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The securities offer contingent coupon payments
at a higher rate, if paid, than the fixed rate we would pay on conventional debt securities of the same maturity. These higher potential
contingent coupon payments are associated with greater levels of expected risk as of the pricing date as compared to conventional debt
securities, including the risk that you may not receive a contingent coupon payment on one or more, or any, contingent coupon payment
dates and the risk that you may lose a substantial portion, and possibly all, of the face amount at maturity. The volatility of the Underlying
Stocks and the correlation among the Underlying Stocks are important factors affecting this risk. Volatility is a measurement of the size
and frequency of daily fluctuations in the value of an Underlying Stock, typically observed over a specified period of time. Volatility
can be measured in a variety of ways, including on a historical basis or on an expected basis as implied by option prices in the market.
Correlation is a measurement of the extent to which the values of the Underlying Stocks tend to fluctuate at the same time, in the same
direction and in similar magnitudes. Greater expected volatility of the Underlying Stocks or lower expected correlation among the Underlying
Stocks as of the pricing date may result in a higher contingent coupon rate, but it also represents a greater expected likelihood as of
the pricing date that the closing value of at least one Underlying Stock will be less than its coupon threshold value on one or more calculation
days, such that you will not receive one or more, or any, contingent coupon payments during the term of the securities, and that the closing
value of at least one Underlying Stock will be less than its downside threshold value on the final calculation day such that you will
lose a substantial portion, and possibly all, of the face amount at maturity. In general, the higher the contingent coupon rate is relative
to the fixed rate we would pay on conventional debt securities, the greater the expected risk that you will not receive one or more, or
any, contingent coupon payments during the term of the securities and that you will lose a substantial portion, and possibly all, of the
face amount at maturity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>You Will Be Subject To Reinvestment Risk.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If your securities are automatically called, the
term of the securities may be reduced to as short as approximately six months. There is no guarantee that you would be able to reinvest
the proceeds from an investment in the securities at a comparable return for a similar level of risk in the event the securities are automatically
called prior to maturity<B>.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>A Contingent Coupon Payment Date, A Call Settlement
Date Or The Stated Maturity Date May Be Postponed If A Calculation Day Is Postponed.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">A calculation day (including the final calculation
day) will be postponed with respect to an Underlying Stock if the applicable originally scheduled calculation day is not a trading day
with respect to any Underlying Stock or if the calculation agent determines that a market disruption event has occurred or is continuing
with respect to that Underlying Stock on that calculation day. If such a postponement occurs with respect to a calculation day other than
the final calculation day, then the related contingent coupon payment date or call settlement date, as applicable, will be postponed.
If such a postponement occurs with respect to the final calculation day, the stated maturity date will be the later of (i) the initial
stated maturity date and (ii) three business days after the final calculation day as postponed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Payments On The Securities Are Subject To Our
Credit Risk, And Market Perceptions About Our Creditworthiness May Adversely Affect The Market Value Of The Securities.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The securities are our senior unsecured debt securities,
and your receipt of any amounts due on the securities is dependent upon our ability to pay our obligations as they come due. If we were
to default on our payment obligations, you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the securities and you could lose your entire
investment. In addition, any negative changes in market perceptions about our creditworthiness may adversely affect the market value of
the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B>The U.S.
Federal Income Tax Consequences Of An Investment In The Securities Are Uncertain.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">There is
no direct legal authority regarding the proper U.S. federal income tax treatment of the securities, and significant aspects of the tax
treatment of the securities are uncertain. Moreover, non-U.S. investors should note that persons having withholding responsibility in
respect of the securities may withhold on any coupon paid to a non-U.S. investor, generally at a rate of 30%. We will not pay any additional
amounts in respect of such withholding. You should review carefully the section entitled &ldquo;United States Federal Income Tax Considerations&rdquo;
herein, in combination with the section entitled &ldquo;United States Federal Tax Considerations&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement,
and consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-style: normal"><B><U>Risks Relating
To The Estimated Value Of The Securities And Any Secondary Market</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>There May Not Be An Active Trading Market For
The Securities And Sales In The Secondary Market May Result In Significant Losses.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">There may be little or no secondary market for
the securities. The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange. Either (a) the agent and/or its affiliates or (b) RBCCM
and our other affiliates may make a market for the securities; however, they are not required to do so and, if they choose to do so, may
stop any market-making activities at any time. Because other dealers are not likely to make a secondary market for the securities, the
price at which you may be able to trade your securities is likely to depend on the price, if any, at which the agent, RBCCM or any of
their respective affiliates, as applicable, is willing to buy the securities. At this time, we do not expect both the agent (and/or its
affiliates) and RBCCM (and our other affiliates) to attempt to make a market for the securities at the same time. The agent&rsquo;s and
RBCCM&rsquo;s valuations of the securities may differ, and consequently the price at which you may be able to sell the securities, if
at all, may differ (and may be lower) depending on whether the agent or RBCCM is purchasing securities at that time. Even if a secondary
market for the securities develops, it may not provide enough liquidity to allow you to easily trade or sell the securities. We expect
that transaction costs in any secondary market would be high. As a result, the difference between bid and ask prices for your securities
in any secondary market could be substantial. If you sell your securities before maturity, you may have to do so at a substantial discount
from the price that you paid for them, and as a result, you may suffer significant losses. The securities are not designed to be short-term
trading instruments. Accordingly, you should be able and willing to hold your securities to maturity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>The Initial Estimated Value Of The Securities
Is Less Than The Original Offering Price.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The initial estimated value of the securities
is less than the original offering price of the securities and does not represent a minimum price at which we, RBCCM or any of our other
affiliates would be willing to purchase the securities in any secondary market (if any exists) at any time. If you attempt to sell the
securities prior to maturity, their market value may be lower than the price you paid for them and the initial estimated value. This is
due to, among other things, changes in the values of the Underlying Stocks, the internal funding rate we pay to issue securities of this
kind (which is lower than the rate at which we borrow funds by issuing conventional fixed rate debt) and the inclusion in the original
offering price of the agent discount, our or our hedge counterparty(ies)&rsquo; estimated profit and the estimated costs related to our
hedging of the securities. These factors, together with various credit, market and economic factors over the term of the securities, are
expected to reduce the price at which you may be able to sell the securities in any secondary market and will affect the value of the
securities in complex and unpredictable ways.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Assuming no change in market conditions or any
other relevant factors, the price, if any, at which you may be able to sell your securities prior to maturity may be less than your original
purchase price, as any such sale price would not be expected to include the agent discount, our or our hedge counterparty(ies)&rsquo;
estimated profit or the hedging costs relating to the securities. In addition, any price at which you may sell the securities is likely
to reflect customary bid-ask spreads for similar trades. In addition to bid-ask spreads, the value of the securities determined for any
secondary market price is expected to be based on a secondary market rate rather than the internal funding rate used to price the securities
and determine the initial estimated value. As a result, the secondary market price will be less than if the internal funding rate was
used. Moreover, if the agent is making a market for the securities, any secondary market price will be based on the agent&rsquo;s valuation
of the securities, which may differ from (and may be lower than) the valuation that we would determine for the securities at that time
based on the methodology by which we determined the initial estimated value range set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For a limited period of time after the original
issue date, the agent or RBCCM may purchase the securities at a price that is greater than the price that would otherwise be determined
at that time as described in the preceding paragraph. However, over the course of that period, assuming no changes in any other relevant
factors, the price you may receive if you sell your securities is expected to decline.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>The Initial Estimated Value Of The Securities
Is Only An Estimate, Calculated As Of The Time The Terms Of The Securities Are Set.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The initial estimated value of the securities
is based on the value of our obligation to make the payments on the securities, together with the mid-market value of the derivative embedded
in the terms of the securities. Our estimate is based on a variety of assumptions, including our internal funding rate (which represents
a discount from our credit spreads), expectations as to dividends on the Underlying Stocks, interest rates and volatility, and the expected
term of the securities. These assumptions are based on certain forecasts about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. Other entities,
including the agent in connection with determining any secondary market price for the securities, may value the securities or similar
securities at a price that is significantly different than we do.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The value of the securities at any time after
the pricing date will vary based on many factors, including changes in market conditions, and cannot be predicted with accuracy. As a
result, the actual value you would receive if you sold the securities in any secondary market, if any, should be expected to differ materially
from the initial estimated value of the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>The Value Of The Securities Prior To Stated
Maturity Will Be Affected By Numerous Factors, Some Of Which Are Related In Complex Ways.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The value of the securities prior to stated maturity
will be affected by the then-current value of each Underlying Stock, interest rates at that time and a number of other factors, some of
which are interrelated in complex ways. The effect of any one factor may be offset or magnified by the effect of another factor. The following
factors, which we refer to as the &ldquo;<U>derivative component factors</U>,&rdquo; and which are described in more detail in the accompanying
product supplement, are expected to affect the value of the securities: performance of the Underlying Stocks; interest rates; volatility
of the Underlying Stocks; correlation among the Underlying Stocks; time remaining to</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">maturity; and dividend yields on the Underlying
Stocks. When we refer to the &ldquo;<U>value&rdquo;</U> of your security, we mean the value you could receive for your security if you
are able to sell it in the open market before the stated maturity date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to the derivative component factors,
the value of the securities will be affected by actual or anticipated changes in our creditworthiness. The value of the securities will
also be limited by the automatic call feature, because if the securities are automatically called, you will not receive the contingent
coupon payments that would have accrued, if any, had the securities been called on a later calculation day or had the securities been
held until the stated maturity date. You should understand that the impact of one of the factors specified above, such as a change in
interest rates, may offset some or all of any change in the value of the securities attributable to another factor, such as a change in
the values of the Underlying Stocks. Because numerous factors are expected to affect the value of the securities, changes in the values
of the Underlying Stocks may not result in a comparable change in the value of the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Risks Relating To Conflicts Of Interest
</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Our Economic Interests And Those Of Any Dealer
Participating In The Offering Are Potentially Adverse To Your Interests.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should be aware of the following ways in which
our economic interests and those of any dealer participating in the distribution of the securities, which we refer to as a &ldquo;<U>participating
dealer</U>,&rdquo; are potentially adverse to your interests as an investor in the securities. In engaging in certain of the activities
described below and as discussed in more detail in the accompanying product supplement, our affiliates or any participating dealer or
its affiliates may take actions that may adversely affect the value of and your return on the securities, and in so doing they will have
no obligation to consider your interests as an investor in the securities. Our affiliates or any participating dealer or its affiliates
may realize a profit from these activities even if investors do not receive a favorable investment return on the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><I>The calculation agent is our affiliate and may be required to make discretionary judgments that
affect the return you receive on the securities.</I></B> RBCCM, which is our affiliate, will be the calculation agent for the securities.
As calculation agent, RBCCM will determine any values of the Underlying Stocks and make any other determinations necessary to calculate
any payments on the securities. In making these determinations, RBCCM may be required to make discretionary judgments that may adversely
affect any payments on the securities. See the sections entitled &#8220;General Terms of the Securities&#8212;Certain Terms for Securities
Linked to an Underlying Stock&#8212;Market Disruption Events&#8221; and &#8220;&#8212;Adjustment Events&#8221; in the accompanying product
supplement. In making these discretionary judgments, the fact that RBCCM is our affiliate may cause it to have economic interests that
are adverse to your interests as an investor in the securities, and RBCCM&#8217;s determinations as calculation agent may adversely affect
your return on the securities.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><I>The estimated value of the securities was calculated by us and is therefore not an independent third-party
valuation.</I></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><I>Research reports by our affiliates or any participating dealer or its affiliates may be inconsistent
with an investment in the securities and may adversely affect the values of the Underlying Stocks.</I></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><I>Business activities of our affiliates or any participating dealer or its affiliates with the Underlying
Stock issuers may adversely affect the values of the Underlying Stocks.</I></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><I>Hedging activities by our affiliates or any participating dealer or its affiliates may adversely
affect the values of the Underlying Stocks.</I></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><I>Trading activities by our affiliates or any participating dealer or its affiliates may adversely
affect the values of the Underlying Stocks.</I></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B><I>A participating dealer or its affiliates may realize hedging profits projected by its proprietary
pricing models in addition to any selling concession and/or fee, creating a further incentive for the participating dealer to sell the
securities to you.</I></B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><U>Risks Relating To The Underlying Stocks</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Any Payments On The Securities And Whether
The Securities Are Automatically Called Will Depend Upon The Performance Of The Underlying Stocks And Therefore The Securities Are Subject
To The Following Risks, Each As Discussed In More Detail In The Accompanying Product Supplement. </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>Investing In The Securities Is Not The Same As Investing In The Underlying Stocks. </B>Investing in
the securities is not equivalent to investing in the Underlying Stocks. As an investor in the securities, your return will not reflect
the return you would realize if you actually owned and held each Underlying Stock for a period similar to the term of the securities because
you will not receive any dividend payments, distributions or any other payments paid on the Underlying Stocks. As a holder of the securities,
you will not have any voting rights or any other rights that holders of the Underlying Stocks would have.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>Historical Values Of An Underlying Stock Should Not Be Taken As An Indication Of Its Future Performance
During The Term Of The Securities.</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>The Securities May Become Linked To The Common Stock Of A Company Other Than The Original Underlying
Stock Issuers.</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>We Cannot Control Actions By The Underlying Stock Issuers.</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>We And Our Affiliates Have No Affiliation With Any Underlying Stock Issuer And Have Not Independently
Verified Its Public Disclosure Of Information.</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><B>You Have Limited Anti-dilution Protection.</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">PS-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->13<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #5E8AB4">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1pt; width: 100%; font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Hypothetical Returns</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>If the securities are automatically called:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the securities are automatically called prior
to stated maturity, you will receive the face amount of your securities <I>plus</I> a final contingent coupon payment on the call settlement
date. In the event the securities are automatically called, your total return on the securities will equal any contingent coupon payments
received prior to the call settlement date and the contingent coupon payment received on the call settlement date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>If the securities are not automatically called:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the securities are not automatically called
prior to stated maturity, the following table illustrates, for a range of hypothetical performance factors of the lowest performing Underlying
Stock on the final calculation day, the hypothetical maturity payment amount payable at stated maturity per security (excluding the final
contingent coupon payment, if any). The performance factor of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day is its
ending value expressed as a percentage of its starting value (i.e., its ending value <I>divided by </I>its starting value).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 70%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 50%; border-top: white 1pt solid; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical performance factor of the lowest <BR>
performing Underlying Stock on the final <BR>
calculation day</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 50%; border-top: white 1pt solid; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical maturity payment amount <BR>
per security</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">175.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$1,000.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">160.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$1,000.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">150.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$1,000.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">140.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$1,000.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">130.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$1,000.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">120.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$1,000.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">110.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$1,000.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">100.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$1,000.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">90.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$1,000.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">80.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$1,000.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">70.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$1,000.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">69.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$690.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">60.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$600.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">50.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$500.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">40.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$400.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">30.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$300.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">20.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$200.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; border-left: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">0.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$0.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The above figures do not take into account contingent
coupon payments, if any, received during the term of the securities. As evidenced above, in no event will you have a positive rate of
return based solely on the maturity payment amount received at maturity <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">(excluding any final contingent
coupon payment)</FONT>; any positive return will be based solely on the contingent coupon payments, if any, received during the term of
the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The above figures are for purposes of illustration
only and may have been rounded for ease of analysis. If the securities are not automatically called prior to stated maturity, the actual
amount you will receive at stated maturity will depend on the actual ending value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final
calculation day. The performance of the better performing Underlying Stocks is not relevant to your return on the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">PS-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->14<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #5E8AB4">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1pt; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Hypothetical Contingent Coupon Payments</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Set forth below are examples that illustrate how
to determine whether a contingent coupon payment will be paid and whether the securities will be automatically called, if applicable,
on a contingent coupon payment date prior to the stated maturity date. The examples do not reflect any specific contingent coupon payment
date. The following examples assume that the securities are subject to automatic call on the applicable calculation day. The securities
will not be subject to automatic call until the second calculation day, which is approximately six months after the issue date. The following
examples reflect the contingent coupon rate of 22.00% per annum and assume the hypothetical starting value, coupon threshold value and
closing values for each Underlying Stock indicated in the examples. The terms used for purposes of these hypothetical examples do not
represent any actual starting value or coupon threshold value. The hypothetical starting value of $100.00 for each Underlying Stock has
been chosen for illustrative purposes only and does not represent the actual starting value for any Underlying Stock. The actual starting
value and coupon threshold value for each Underlying Stock are set forth under &ldquo;Terms of the Securities&rdquo; above. For historical
data regarding the actual closing prices of the Underlying Stocks, see the historical information provided below. These examples are for
purposes of illustration only and the values used in the examples may have been rounded for ease of analysis.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Example 1. The closing value of the lowest
performing Underlying Stock on the relevant calculation day is greater than or equal to its coupon threshold value and less than its starting
value. As a result, investors receive a contingent coupon payment on the applicable contingent coupon payment date and the securities
are not automatically called.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 1pt 4pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 58%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>GS Stock</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 14%; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>META Stock</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>XOM Stock</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical starting value:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical closing value on relevant calculation day:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$95.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$80.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$90.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical coupon threshold value: </B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical performance factor (closing value on relevant calculation day <I>divided by</I> starting value):</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">95.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">80.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">90.00%</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify"><U>Step 1</U>: Determine which Underlying
Stock is the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the relevant calculation day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">In this example, the META Stock has the
lowest hypothetical performance factor and is, therefore, the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the relevant calculation day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify"><U>Step 2</U>: Determine whether a
contingent coupon payment will be paid and whether the securities will be automatically called on the applicable contingent coupon payment
date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">Because the hypothetical closing value
of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the relevant calculation day is greater than or equal to its hypothetical coupon threshold
value, but less than its hypothetical starting value, you would receive a contingent coupon payment on the applicable contingent coupon
payment date and the securities would not be automatically called. The contingent coupon payment would be equal to $55.00 per security,
determined as follows: (i) $1,000 <I>multiplied by</I> 22.00% per annum <I>divided by</I> (ii) 4, rounded to the nearest cent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Example 2. The closing value of the lowest
performing Underlying Stock on the relevant calculation day is less than its coupon threshold value. As a result, investors do not receive
a contingent coupon payment on the applicable contingent coupon payment date and the securities are not automatically called.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 1pt 4pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 58%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>GS Stock</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 14%; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>META Stock</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>XOM Stock</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical starting value:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical closing value on relevant calculation day:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$105.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$115.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$60.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical coupon threshold value: </B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical performance factor (closing value on relevant calculation day <I>divided by</I> starting value):</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">105.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">115.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">60.00%</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify"><U>Step 1</U>: Determine which Underlying
Stock is the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the relevant calculation day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">In this example, the XOM Stock has the
lowest hypothetical performance factor and is, therefore, the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the relevant calculation day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify"><U>Step 2</U>: Determine whether a
contingent coupon payment will be paid and whether the securities will be automatically called on the applicable contingent coupon payment
date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">Because the hypothetical closing value
of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the relevant calculation day is less than its hypothetical coupon threshold value, you would
not receive a contingent coupon payment on the applicable contingent coupon payment date. In addition, the securities would not be automatically
called, even though the hypothetical closing value of each better performing Underlying Stock on the relevant calculation day is greater
than its hypothetical starting value. As this example illustrates, whether you receive a contingent coupon payment and whether the securities
are automatically called on a contingent coupon payment date will depend solely on the closing value of the lowest performing Underlying
Stock on the relevant calculation day. The performance of the better performing Underlying Stocks is not relevant to your return on the
securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Example 3. The closing value of the lowest
performing Underlying Stock on the relevant calculation day is greater than or equal to its starting value. As a result, the securities
are automatically called on the applicable contingent coupon payment date for the face amount <I>plus</I> a final contingent coupon payment.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 1pt 4pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 58%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>GS Stock</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 14%; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>META Stock</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>XOM Stock</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical starting value:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical closing value on relevant calculation day:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$105.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$115.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$115.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical coupon threshold value: </B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical performance factor (closing value on relevant calculation day <I>divided by</I> starting value):</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">105.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">115.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">115.00%</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify"><U>Step 1</U>: Determine which Underlying
Stock is the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the relevant calculation day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">In this example, the GS Stock has the
lowest hypothetical performance factor and is, therefore, the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the relevant calculation day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify"><U>Step 2</U>: Determine whether a
contingent coupon payment will be paid and whether the securities will be automatically called on the applicable contingent coupon payment
date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">Because the hypothetical closing value
of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the relevant calculation day is greater than or equal to its hypothetical starting value,
the securities would be automatically called and you would receive the face amount <I>plus</I> a final contingent coupon payment on the
applicable contingent coupon payment date, which is also referred to as the call settlement date. On the call settlement date, you would
receive $1,055.00 per security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 12.25pt">You will not receive any further payments after
the call settlement date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 12.25pt">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">PS-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->16<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #5E8AB4">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1pt; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Hypothetical Payment at Stated Maturity</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Set forth below are examples of calculations of
the maturity payment amount payable at stated maturity, assuming that the securities have not been automatically called prior to stated
maturity and assuming the hypothetical starting value, coupon threshold value, downside threshold value and ending values for each Underlying
Stock indicated in the examples. The terms used for purposes of these hypothetical examples do not represent any actual starting value,
coupon threshold value or downside threshold value. The hypothetical starting value of $100.00 for each Underlying Stock has been chosen
for illustrative purposes only and does not represent the actual starting value for any Underlying Stock. The actual starting value, coupon
threshold value and downside threshold value for each Underlying Stock are set forth under &ldquo;Terms of the Securities&rdquo; above.
For historical data regarding the actual closing prices of the Underlying Stocks, see the historical information provided below. These
examples are for purposes of illustration only and the values used in the examples may have been rounded for ease of analysis.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Example 1. The ending value of the lowest performing
Underlying Stock on the final calculation day is greater than its starting value, the maturity payment amount is equal to the face amount
of your securities at maturity and you receive a final contingent coupon payment.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 1pt 4pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 58%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>GS Stock</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 14%; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>META Stock</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>XOM Stock</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical starting value:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical ending value:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$135.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$125.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$145.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical coupon threshold value: </B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical downside threshold value:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical performance factor (ending value <I>divided by</I> starting value): </B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">135.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">125.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">145.00%</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify"><U>Step 1</U>: Determine which Underlying
Stock is the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">In this example, the META Stock has the
lowest hypothetical performance factor and is, therefore, the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify"><U>Step 2</U>: Determine the maturity
payment amount based on the ending value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">Because the hypothetical ending value
of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day is greater than its hypothetical downside threshold value, the
maturity payment amount would equal the face amount. Although the hypothetical ending value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock
on the final calculation day is significantly greater than its hypothetical starting value in this scenario, the maturity payment amount
will not exceed the face amount.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">In addition to any contingent coupon
payments received during the term of the securities, on the stated maturity date you would receive $1,000 per security. In addition, because
the hypothetical ending value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day is greater than its hypothetical
coupon threshold value, you would receive a final contingent coupon payment on the stated maturity date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Example 2. The ending value of the lowest performing
Underlying Stock on the final calculation day is less than its starting value but greater than its coupon threshold value and downside
threshold value, the maturity payment amount is equal to the face amount of your securities at maturity and you receive a final contingent
coupon payment.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 1pt 4pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 58%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>GS Stock</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 14%; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>META Stock</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>XOM Stock</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical starting value:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical ending value:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$115.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$110.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$80.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical coupon threshold value: </B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical downside threshold value:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical performance factor (ending value <I>divided by</I> starting value):</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">115.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">110.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">80.00%</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify"><U>Step 1</U>: Determine which Underlying
Stock is the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">In this example, the XOM Stock has the
lowest hypothetical performance factor and is, therefore, the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify"><U>Step 2</U>: Determine the maturity
payment amount based on the ending value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">Because the hypothetical ending value
of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day is less than its hypothetical starting value, but not by more than
30%, you would receive the face amount of your securities at maturity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 13.5pt; text-align: justify">In addition to any contingent coupon
payments received during the term of the securities, on the stated maturity date you would receive $1,000 per security. In addition, because
the hypothetical ending value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day is greater than its hypothetical
coupon threshold value, you would receive a final contingent coupon payment on the stated maturity date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 13.5pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Example 3. The ending value of the lowest performing
Underlying Stock on the final calculation day is less than its coupon threshold value and downside threshold value, the maturity payment
amount is less than the face amount of your securities at maturity and you do not receive a final contingent coupon payment.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 1pt 4pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 58%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>GS Stock</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 14%; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>META Stock</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-bottom: #688FCF 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>XOM Stock</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical starting value:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$100.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical ending value:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$45.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$90.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$120.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical coupon threshold value: </B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical downside threshold value:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">$70.00</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #E0E3E2">
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Hypothetical performance factor (ending value <I>divided by</I> starting value): </B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">45.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">90.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: white 1pt solid; border-bottom: white 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">120.00%</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify"><U>Step 1</U>: Determine which Underlying
Stock is the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">In this example, the GS Stock has the
lowest hypothetical performance factor and is, therefore, the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify"><U>Step 2</U>: Determine the maturity
payment amount based on the ending value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 12.2pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">Because the hypothetical ending value
of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day is less than its hypothetical starting value by more than 30%,
you would lose a portion of the face amount of your securities and receive the maturity payment amount equal to $450.00 per security,
calculated as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 27pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">= $1,000 &times; performance
factor of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">= $1,000 &times; 45.00%</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">= $450.00</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 13.5pt; text-align: justify">In addition to any contingent coupon
payments received during the term of the securities, on the stated maturity date you would receive $450.00 per security. Because the hypothetical
ending value of the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the final calculation day is less than its hypothetical coupon threshold value,
you would not receive a final contingent coupon payment on the stated maturity date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 13.5pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">These examples illustrate that you will not participate
in any appreciation of any Underlying Stock, but will be fully exposed to a decrease in the lowest performing Underlying Stock on the
final calculation day if its ending value is less than its downside threshold value, even if the ending value of any other Underlying
Stock has appreciated or has not declined below its downside threshold value.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #5E8AB4">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1pt; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt"><B>
</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: white"><B>Information about the Underlying Stocks</B></FONT></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each Underlying Stock is registered under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;). Companies with securities registered under the Exchange
Act are required to file financial and other information specified by the SEC periodically. Information provided to or filed with the
SEC by the issuer of each Underlying Stock can be located on a website maintained by the SEC at https://www.sec.gov by reference to that
issuer&rsquo;s SEC file number provided below. Information from outside sources is not incorporated by reference in, and should not be
considered part of, this pricing supplement. We have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the information contained
in outside sources.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #5E8AB4">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1pt; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt"><B>
</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: white"><B>The Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.</B></FONT></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">According to publicly available information, The
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is a global financial institution that provides a range of financial services to a client base that includes
corporations, financial institutions, governments and individuals.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The issuer of the GS Stock&rsquo;s SEC file number
is 001-14965. The GS Stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol &ldquo;GS.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Historical Information </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We obtained the closing prices of the GS Stock
in the graph below from Bloomberg Finance L.P. (&ldquo;<U>Bloomberg</U>&rdquo;), without independent verification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following graph sets forth daily closing prices
of the GS Stock for the period from January 1, 2015 to December 17, 2025. The closing price <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">of the
</FONT>GS Stock on December 17, 2025 was $872.33. The red line represents the coupon threshold value and downside threshold value of the
GS Stock<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">.</FONT> The historical performance of the GS Stock should not be taken as an indication
of the future performance of the GS Stock during the term of the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><IMG SRC="image_008.gif" ALT="" STYLE="height: 367px; width: 577px"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><I>PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE
RESULTS.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


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  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #5E8AB4">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1pt; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt"><B>
</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: white"><B>The Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc.</B></FONT></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">According to publicly available information, Meta
Platforms, Inc. (formerly known as Facebook, Inc.) builds products that enable people to connect and share through mobile devices, personal
computers, virtual reality and mixed reality headsets, augmented reality and wearables.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The issuer of the META Stock&rsquo;s SEC file
number is 001-35551. The META Stock is listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market under the ticker symbol &ldquo;META.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Historical Information </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We obtained the closing prices of the META Stock
in the graph below from Bloomberg, without independent verification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following graph sets forth daily closing prices
of the META Stock for the period from January 1, 2015 to December 17, 2025. The closing price <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">of
the </FONT>META Stock on December 17, 2025 was $649.50. The red line represents the coupon threshold value and downside threshold value
of the META Stock<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">.</FONT> The historical performance of the META Stock should not be taken as an
indication of the future performance of the META Stock during the term of the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><IMG SRC="image_009.gif" ALT="" STYLE="height: 367px; width: 577px"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><I>PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE
RESULTS.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="font: 14pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Market Linked Securities&mdash;Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside</B></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Verdana, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: rgb(187,8,38)"><B>Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the Common Stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Class A Common Stock of Meta Platforms, Inc. and the Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation due December 21, 2028</B></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #5E8AB4">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1pt; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt"><B>
</B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: white"><B>The Common Stock of Exxon Mobil Corporation</B></FONT></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">According to publicly available information, Exxon
Mobil Corporation engages in the exploration for, and the production of, crude oil and natural gas; the manufacture, trade, transport
and sale of crude oil, natural gas, petroleum products, petrochemicals and a variety of specialty products; and the pursuit of lower-emission
and other new business opportunities including carbon capture and storage, hydrogen, lower-emission fuels, carbon materials and lithium.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The issuer of the XOM Stock&rsquo;s SEC file number
is 001-02256. The XOM Stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol &ldquo;XOM.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Historical Information </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We obtained the closing prices of the XOM Stock
in the graph below from Bloomberg, without independent verification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following graph sets forth daily closing prices
of the XOM Stock for the period from January 1, 2015 to December 17, 2025. The closing price of the XOM Stock on December 17, 2025 was
$117.41. The red line represents the coupon threshold value and downside threshold value of the XOM Stock<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">.</FONT>
The historical performance of the XOM Stock should not be taken as an indication of the future performance of the XOM Stock during the
term of the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><IMG SRC="image_010.gif" ALT="" STYLE="height: 367px; width: 577px"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><I>PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE
RESULTS.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #5E8AB4">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1pt; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>United States Federal Income Tax Considerations</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should review carefully the section in the
accompanying product supplement entitled &ldquo;United States Federal Tax Considerations.&rdquo; The following discussion, when read in
combination with that section, constitutes the full opinion of our counsel, Davis Polk &amp; Wardwell LLP, regarding the material U.S.
federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Generally, this discussion assumes that you purchased
the securities for cash in the original issuance at the stated issue price and does not address other circumstances specific to you, including
consequences that may arise due to any other investments relating to the Underlying Stocks. You should consult your tax adviser regarding
the effect any such circumstances may have on the U.S. federal income tax consequences of your ownership of a security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In the opinion of our counsel, it is reasonable
to treat the securities for U.S. federal income tax purposes as prepaid derivative contracts with contingent coupons, and any coupons
as ordinary income, as described in the section entitled &ldquo;United States Federal Tax Considerations&mdash;Tax Consequences to U.S.
Holders&mdash;Securities Treated as Prepaid Derivative Contracts with Contingent Coupons&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement.
There is uncertainty regarding this treatment, and the Internal Revenue Service (the &ldquo;IRS&rdquo;) or a court might not agree with
it. A different tax treatment could be adverse to you.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We do not plan to request a ruling from the IRS
regarding the treatment of the securities. An alternative characterization of the securities could materially and adversely affect the
tax consequences of ownership and disposition of the securities, including the timing and character of income recognized. In addition,
the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS have requested comments on various issues regarding the U.S. federal income tax treatment of
&ldquo;prepaid forward contracts&rdquo; and similar financial instruments and have indicated that such transactions may be the subject
of future regulations or other guidance. Furthermore, members of Congress have proposed legislative changes to the tax treatment of derivative
contracts. Any legislation, Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and
adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in the securities, possibly with retroactive effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Non-U.S. holders. The U.S. federal income tax
treatment of the coupons is unclear. To the extent that we have withholding responsibility in respect of the securities, we would expect
generally to treat the coupons as subject to U.S. withholding tax. Moreover, you should expect that, if the applicable withholding agent
determines that withholding tax should apply, it will be at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). In order to claim an exemption from,
or a reduction in, the 30% withholding under an applicable treaty, you may need to comply with certification requirements to establish
that you are not a U.S. person and are eligible for such an exemption or reduction under an applicable tax treaty. You should consult
your tax adviser regarding the tax treatment of the coupons.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As discussed under &ldquo;United States Federal
Tax Considerations&mdash;Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders&mdash;Dividend Equivalents under Section 871(m) of the Code&rdquo; in the
accompanying product supplement, Section 871(m) of the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (&ldquo;Section
871(m)&rdquo;) generally impose a 30% withholding tax on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to non-U.S. holders with respect to
certain financial instruments linked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. The Treasury regulations, as modified by
an IRS notice, exempt financial instruments issued prior to January 1, 2027 that do not have a &ldquo;delta&rdquo; of one. Based on certain
determinations made by us, our counsel is of the opinion that Section 871(m) should not apply to the securities with regard to non-U.S.
holders. Our determination is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this determination.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We will not be required to pay any additional
amounts with respect to U.S. federal withholding taxes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should consult your tax adviser regarding
the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the securities, including possible alternative treatments, as well as tax
consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Supplemental Benefit Plan Investor Considerations</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The securities are contractual financial instruments.
The financial exposure provided by the securities is not a substitute or proxy for, and is not intended as a substitute or proxy for,
individualized investment management or advice for the benefit of any purchaser or holder of the securities. The securities have not been
designed and will not be administered in a manner intended to reflect the individualized needs and objectives of any purchaser or holder
of the securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Each purchaser or holder of any securities acknowledges
and agrees that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the purchaser or holder or its fiduciary has made and shall make all investment decisions for the purchaser
or holder and the purchaser or holder has not relied and shall not rely in any way upon us or any of our affiliates to act as a fiduciary
or adviser of the purchaser or holder with respect to (i) the design and terms of the securities, (ii) the purchaser or holder&#8217;s
investment in the securities, (iii) the holding of the securities or (iv) the exercise of or failure to exercise any rights we or any
of our affiliates, or the purchaser or holder, has under or with respect to the securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">we and our affiliates have acted and will act solely for our own account in connection with (i) all transactions
relating to the securities and (ii) all hedging transactions in connection with our or our affiliates&#8217; obligations under the securities;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">any and all assets and positions relating to hedging transactions by us or any of our affiliates are assets
and positions of those entities and are not assets and positions held for the benefit of the purchaser or holder;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">our interests and the interests of our affiliates are adverse to the interests of the purchaser or holder;
and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">neither we nor any of our affiliates is a fiduciary or adviser of the purchaser or holder in connection
with any such assets, positions or transactions, and any information that we or any of our affiliates may provide is not intended to be
impartial investment advice.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">See &ldquo;Benefit Plan Investor Considerations&rdquo;
in the accompanying prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1pt; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Validity of the Securities</B></FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In the opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright Canada
LLP, as Canadian counsel to the Bank, the issue and sale of the securities has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action
of the Bank in conformity with the indenture, and when the securities have been duly executed, authenticated and issued in accordance
with the indenture and delivered against payment therefor, the securities will be validly issued and, to the extent validity of the securities
is a matter governed by the laws of the Province of Ontario or Qu&eacute;bec, or the federal laws of Canada applicable therein, will be
valid obligations of the Bank, subject to the following limitations: (i) the enforceability of the indenture may be limited by the Canada
Deposit Insurance Corporation Act (Canada), the Winding-up and Restructuring Act (Canada) and bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization,
receivership, moratorium, arrangement or winding-up laws or other similar laws of general application affecting the enforcement of creditors&rsquo;
rights generally; (ii) the enforceability of the indenture is subject to general equitable principles, including the principle that the
availability of equitable remedies, such as specific performance and injunction, may only be granted at the discretion of a court of competent
jurisdiction; (iii) under applicable limitations statutes generally, including that the enforceability of the indenture will be subject
to the limitations contained in the Limitations Act, 2002 (Ontario), and such counsel expresses no opinion as to whether a court may find
any provision of the indenture to be unenforceable as an attempt to vary or exclude a limitation period under such applicable limitations
statutes; (iv) rights to indemnity and contribution under the securities or the indenture which may be limited by applicable law; and
(v) courts in Canada are precluded from giving a judgment in any currency other than the lawful money of Canada and such judgment may
be based on a rate of exchange in existence on a day other than the day of payment, as prescribed by the Currency Act (Canada). This opinion
is given as of the date hereof and is limited to the laws of the Provinces of Ontario and Qu&eacute;bec and the federal laws of Canada
applicable therein. In addition, this opinion is subject to customary assumptions about the trustee&rsquo;s authorization, execution and
delivery of the indenture and the genuineness of signatures and to such counsel&rsquo;s reliance on the Bank and other sources as to certain
factual matters, all as stated in the opinion letter of such counsel dated December 20, 2023, which has been filed as Exhibit 5.3 to the
Bank&rsquo;s Form 6-K filed with the SEC dated December 20, 2023. References to the &ldquo;indenture&rdquo; in this paragraph mean the
Indenture as defined in the opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP dated December 20, 2023, as further amended and supplemented by
the sixth supplemental indenture dated as of July 23, 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In the opinion of Davis Polk &amp; Wardwell LLP,
as special United States products counsel to the Bank, when the securities offered by this pricing supplement have been issued by the
Bank pursuant to the indenture, the trustee has made, in accordance with the indenture, the appropriate notation to the master note evidencing
such securities (the &ldquo;master note&rdquo;), and such securities have been delivered against payment as contemplated herein, such
securities will be valid and binding obligations of the Bank, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy,
insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general
applicability (including, without limitation, concepts of good faith, fair dealing and the lack of bad faith) and possible judicial or
regulatory actions or applications giving effect to governmental actions or foreign laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights, <I>provided
</I>that such counsel expresses no opinion as to (i) the enforceability of any waiver of rights under any usury or stay law or (ii) the
effect of fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer or similar provision of applicable law on the conclusions expressed above. This opinion
is given as of the date hereof and is limited to the laws of the State of New York. Insofar as the foregoing opinion involves matters
governed by the laws of the Provinces of Ontario and Qu&eacute;bec and the federal laws of Canada, you have received, and we understand
that you are relying upon, the opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP, Canadian counsel for the Bank, set forth above. In addition,
this opinion is subject to customary assumptions about the trustee&rsquo;s authorization, execution and delivery of the indenture and
the authentication of the master note and the validity, binding nature and enforceability of the indenture with respect to the trustee,
all as stated in the opinion of Davis Polk &amp; Wardwell LLP dated May 16, 2024, which has been filed as an exhibit to the Bank&rsquo;s
Form 6-K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2024. References to the &ldquo;indenture&rdquo; in this paragraph mean the Indenture as defined
in the opinion of Davis Polk &amp; Wardwell LLP dated May 16, 2024, as further amended and supplemented by the sixth supplemental indenture
dated as of July 23, 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 1pt; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Terms Incorporated in the Master Note</B></FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All terms of the securities included in this pricing
supplement and the relevant terms included in the section entitled &ldquo;General Terms of The Securities&rdquo; in the accompanying product
supplement, as modified by this pricing supplement, if applicable, are incorporated into the master note.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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<p style="font: bold 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: right">Ex-Filing Fees</p>

<p style="font: bold 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center">CALCULATION OF FILING FEE TABLES</p>

<p style="font: bold 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; text-align: center"><ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:FormTp" contextRef="c_report" id="fee_008">F-3</ix:nonNumeric></p>

<p style="font: bold 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityRegistrantName" contextRef="c_report" id="fee_009">ROYAL BANK OF CANADA</ix:nonNumeric></p>

<p style="font: bold 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-top: Gray 3pt double; padding-top: 6pt; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 4pt">Narrative Disclosure</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt">
The maximum aggregate offering price of the securities to which the prospectus relates is $<ix:nonFraction name="ffd:NrrtvMaxAggtOfferingPric" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" contextRef="c_report" id="ixv-40">4,625,000</ix:nonFraction>.
<ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:FnlPrspctsFlg" contextRef="c_report" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-41">The prospectus is a final prospectus for the related offering(s).</ix:nonNumeric></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt">&#160;</p>


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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Submission<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 19, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissionLineItems', window );"><strong>Submission [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001000275<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">ROYAL BANK OF CANADA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_RegnFileNb', window );">Registration File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">333-275898<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FormTp', window );">Form Type</a></td>
<td class="text">F-3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissnTp', window );">Submission Type</a></td>
<td class="text">424B2<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp', window );">Fee Exhibit Type</a></td>
<td class="text">EX-FILING FEES<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTableNa', window );">Offering Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetTableNa', window );">Offset Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa', window );">Combined Prospectus Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeExhibitTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:feeExhibitTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FormTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FormTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>20
<FILENAME>dp238985_exfilingfees_htm.xml
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XML>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xbrl
  xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"
  xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025"
  xmlns:ffd="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025"
  xmlns:iso4217="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217"
  xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <link:schemaRef
      xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ffd/2025/ffd-2025.xsd"
      xlink:type="simple"/>
    <context id="c_report">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001000275</identifier>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2025-12-19</startDate>
            <endDate>2025-12-19</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <unit id="USD">
        <measure>iso4217:USD</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="pure">
        <measure>pure</measure>
    </unit>
    <unit id="shares">
        <measure>shares</measure>
    </unit>
    <ffd:SubmissnTp contextRef="c_report" id="fee_001">424B2</ffd:SubmissnTp>
    <ffd:FeeExhibitTp contextRef="c_report" id="fee_002">EX-FILING FEES</ffd:FeeExhibitTp>
    <dei:EntityCentralIndexKey contextRef="c_report" id="fee_003">0001000275</dei:EntityCentralIndexKey>
    <ffd:RegnFileNb contextRef="c_report" id="fee_004">333-275898</ffd:RegnFileNb>
    <ffd:OfferingTableNa contextRef="c_report" id="fee_005">N/A</ffd:OfferingTableNa>
    <ffd:OffsetTableNa contextRef="c_report" id="fee_006">N/A</ffd:OffsetTableNa>
    <ffd:CombinedProspectusTableNa contextRef="c_report" id="fee_007">N/A</ffd:CombinedProspectusTableNa>
    <ffd:FormTp contextRef="c_report" id="fee_008">F-3</ffd:FormTp>
    <dei:EntityRegistrantName contextRef="c_report" id="fee_009">ROYAL BANK OF CANADA</dei:EntityRegistrantName>
    <ffd:NrrtvMaxAggtOfferingPric
      contextRef="c_report"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-40"
      unitRef="USD">4625000</ffd:NrrtvMaxAggtOfferingPric>
    <ffd:FnlPrspctsFlg contextRef="c_report" id="ixv-41">true</ffd:FnlPrspctsFlg>
</xbrl>
</XML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
