<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000950103-25-016362.txt : 20251219
<SEC-HEADER>0000950103-25-016362.hdr.sgml : 20251219
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20251219120607
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000950103-25-016362
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	424B2
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		4
FILED AS OF DATE:		20251219
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20251219

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ROYAL BANK OF CANADA
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001000275
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	COMMERCIAL BANKS, NEC [6029]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	02 Finance
		EIN:				135357855
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			A6
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1031

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		424B2
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-275898
		FILM NUMBER:		251586316

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		ADDRESS IS A NON US LOCATION: 	YES
		STREET 1:		ROYAL BANK PLAZA
		STREET 2:		200 BAY STREET
		CITY:			TORONTO
		PROVINCE COUNTRY:   	A6
		ZIP:			M5J 2J5
		BUSINESS PHONE:		212-437-9267

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		ADDRESS IS A NON US LOCATION: 	YES
		STREET 1:		ROYAL BANK PLAZA
		STREET 2:		200 BAY STREET
		CITY:			TORONTO
		PROVINCE COUNTRY:   	A6
		ZIP:			M5J 2J5

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ROYAL BANK OF CANADA \
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19950908
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>424B2
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>dp238890_424b2-spbeln925spx.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM 424B2
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="color: red; font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The information in this preliminary pricing supplement
is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary pricing supplement is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these
securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.</P>

<P STYLE="color: red; font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Registration Statement No. 333-275898</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: red">Subject to Completion. Dated December
19, 2025.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: red"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Pricing Supplement to the <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000119312523299520/d645671d424b3.htm" STYLE="text-decoration: underline; color: Blue">Prospectus
dated December 20, 2023</A>, <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000119312523299523/d638227d424b3.htm" STYLE="text-decoration: underline; color: Blue">the
Series J Prospectus Supplement dated December 20, 2023</A>, the <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000095010324006773/dp211259_424b2-us1a.htm" STYLE="text-decoration: underline; color: Blue">Underlying
Supplement No. 1A dated May 16, 2024</A> and the <A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000095010325009131/dp231901_424b2-opsn1b.htm" STYLE="text-decoration: underline; color: Blue">Product
Supplement No. 1B dated July 22, 2025</A>&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%; text-align: center; font-size: 10pt"><IMG SRC="image_001.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="height: 66px; width: 144px"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 80%">
    <P STYLE="font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Royal Bank of Canada</B>&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">$</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Digital S&amp;P 500<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Index-Linked
    Notes, due&#9;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>The notes will not bear interest.</B> The amount
that you will be paid on your notes on the stated maturity date (expected to be the second scheduled business day after the determination
date) is based on the performance of the S&amp;P 500<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Index (which we refer to as the &ldquo;underlier&rdquo;) as measured
from the trade date to and including the determination date (expected to be between 26 and 29 months after the trade date). If the final
underlier level (defined below) on the determination date is greater than or equal to the threshold level of 85.00% of the initial underlier
level (set on the trade date and expected to be the closing level of the underlier on the trade date), you will receive the threshold
settlement amount (expected to be between $1,159.50 and $1,187.60 for each $1,000 principal amount of notes). <B>However, if the final
underlier level is less than the threshold level, the return on your notes will be negative. You could lose your entire investment in
the notes.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">To determine your payment at maturity, we will
calculate the underlier return, which is the percentage increase or decrease in the final underlier level from the initial underlier level.
On the stated maturity date, for each $1,000 principal amount of notes, you will receive an amount in cash equal to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">if the underlier return is <I>greater than </I>or <I>equal to</I> -15.00% (the final underlier level is
<I>greater than</I> or <I>equal to</I> 85.00% of the initial underlier level), the threshold settlement amount; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">if the underlier return is <I>negative</I> and <I>is below</I> -15.00% (the final underlier level is <I>less
than</I> 85.00% of the initial underlier level), the <I>sum</I> of (i) $1,000 <I>plus</I> (ii) the <I>product</I> of (a) $1,000 <I>times</I>
(b) approximately 1.1765 <I>times </I>(c) the <I>sum</I> of the underlier return <I>plus</I> 15.00%<I>.</I> <B>This amount will be less
than $1,000 and could be zero.</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing is only a brief summary of the terms
of your notes. You should read the additional disclosure provided in this pricing supplement so that you may better understand the terms
and risks of your investment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The initial estimated value of the notes determined
by us as of the trade date, which we refer to as the initial estimated value, is expected to be between $965.50 and $995.50 per $1,000
principal amount of notes and will be less than the original issue price. The final pricing supplement relating to the notes will set
forth the initial estimated value. The market value of the notes at any time will reflect many factors, cannot be predicted with accuracy
and may be less than this amount. We describe the determination of the initial estimated value in more detail below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Your investment in the notes involves certain risks,
including, among other things, our credit risk. See the section &ldquo;Selected Risk Factors&rdquo; beginning on page PS-8 of this pricing
supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 25%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Original issue date:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 25%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; , 2026</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 25%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Original issue price:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 25%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">100.00% of the principal amount</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Underwriting discount:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">0.00% of the principal amount</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Net proceeds to the issuer:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">100.00% of the principal amount</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">See &ldquo;Supplemental Plan of Distribution (Conflicts
of Interest)&rdquo; on page PS-12 of this pricing supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The original issue price, underwriting discount
and net proceeds to the issuer listed above relate to the notes we sell initially. We may decide to sell additional notes after the date
of this pricing supplement, at issue prices and with underwriting discounts and net proceeds that differ from the amounts set forth above.
The return (whether positive or negative) on your investment in the notes will depend in part on the issue price you pay for such notes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">None of the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;), any state securities commission or any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of the notes or passed
upon the adequacy or accuracy of this pricing supplement. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The notes will not
constitute deposits insured by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other Canadian
or U.S. governmental agency or instrumentality. The notes are not bail-inable notes and are not subject to conversion into our common
shares under subsection 39.2(2.3) of the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>RBC Capital Markets, LLC</B>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Pricing Supplement dated December&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">SUMMARY INFORMATION</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 100%; border: Black 1pt solid">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should read this pricing supplement together
    with the prospectus dated December 20, 2023, as supplemented by the prospectus supplement dated December 20, 2023, relating to our Senior
    Global Medium-Term Notes, Series J, of which the notes are a part, the underlying supplement no. 1A dated May 16, 2024 and the product
    supplement no. 1B dated July 22, 2025. This pricing supplement, together with these documents, contains the terms of the notes and supersedes
    all other prior or contemporaneous oral statements as well as any other written materials, including preliminary or indicative pricing
    terms, correspondence, trade ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, fact sheets, brochures or other educational materials
    of ours.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have not authorized anyone to provide any information
    or to make any representations other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this pricing supplement and the documents listed
    below. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give
    you. These documents are an offer to sell only the notes offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is
    lawful to do so. The information contained in each such document is current only as of its date.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the information in this pricing supplement differs
    from the information contained in the documents listed below, you should rely on the information in this pricing supplement.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should carefully consider, among other things,
    the matters set forth in &ldquo;Selected Risk Factors&rdquo; in this document and &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; in the documents listed below,
    as the notes involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting
    and other advisers before you invest in the notes.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You may access these documents on the SEC website
    at www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;&#9;</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prospectus
    dated December 20, 2023:</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000119312523299520/d645671d424b3.htm" STYLE="color: Blue; text-decoration: underline">https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000119312523299520/d645671d424b3.htm</A></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;&#9;</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prospectus
    Supplement dated December 20, 2023:</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000119312523299523/d638227d424b3.htm" STYLE="color: Blue; text-decoration: underline">https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000119312523299523/d638227d424b3.htm</A></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;&#9;</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Underlying
    Supplement No. 1A dated May 16, 2024:</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000095010324006773/dp211259_424b2-us1a.htm" STYLE="color: Blue; text-decoration: underline">https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000095010324006773/dp211259_424b2-us1a.htm</A></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;&#9;</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Product
    Supplement No. 1B dated July 22, 2025:</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><A HREF="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000095010325009131/dp231901_424b2-opsn1b.htm" STYLE="color: Blue; text-decoration: underline">https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000095010325009131/dp231901_424b2-opsn1b.htm</A></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website
    is 1000275.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We refer to the notes we are offering by this pricing
    supplement as the &ldquo;notes.&rdquo; Each of the notes, including your notes, has the terms described below. As used in this pricing
    supplement, references to &ldquo;Royal Bank of Canada,&rdquo; the &ldquo;Bank,&rdquo; &ldquo;we,&rdquo; &ldquo;our&rdquo; and &ldquo;us&rdquo;
    mean only Royal Bank of Canada and all references to &ldquo;$&rdquo; or &ldquo;dollar&rdquo; are to U.S. dollars.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Key Terms</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Issuer:</B> Royal Bank of Canada</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Underlier:</B> the S&amp;P 500<SUP>&reg;</SUP>
Index (Bloomberg symbol &ldquo;SPX Index&rdquo;), as published by S&amp;P Dow Jones Indices LLC (the &ldquo;underlier sponsor&rdquo;)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Specified currency:</B> U.S. dollars (&ldquo;$&rdquo;)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Denominations:</B> $1,000 and integral multiples
of $1,000 in excess of $1,000. The notes may be transferred only in amounts of $1,000 and increments of $1,000 thereafter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Principal amount:</B> each note will have a
principal amount of $1,000; $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in the aggregate for
all the notes; the aggregate principal amount of the notes may be increased if the issuer, at its sole option, decides to sell an additional
amount of the notes on a date subsequent to the date of this pricing supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Purchase at amount other than principal amount:</B>
the amount we will pay you at the stated maturity date for your notes will not be adjusted based on the issue price you pay for your notes,
so if you acquire notes at a premium (or discount) to principal amount and hold them to the stated maturity date, it could affect your
investment in a number of ways. The return on your investment in such notes will be lower (or higher) than it would have been had you
purchased the notes at a price equal to the principal amount. Also, the threshold level would not offer the same measure of protection
to your investment as would be the case if you had purchased</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

</DIV>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<DIV STYLE="padding: 4pt; border: Black 1pt solid">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">the notes at the principal amount. Additionally,
the threshold settlement amount would correspond to a lower (or higher) percentage return than indicated below, relative to your initial
investment. See &ldquo;Selected Risk Factors&mdash;Risks Relating to the Terms of the Notes&mdash;If the Original Issue Price for Your
Notes Represents a Premium to the Principal Amount, the Return on Your Notes Will Be Lower Than the Return on Notes for Which the Original
Issue Price Is Equal to the Principal Amount or Represents a Discount to the Principal Amount&rdquo; on page PS-9 of this pricing supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Cash settlement amount (on the stated maturity
date):</B> for each $1,000 principal amount of notes, we will pay you on the stated maturity date an amount in cash equal to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">if the final underlier level is <I>greater than </I>or <I>equal to </I>the threshold level, the threshold
settlement amount; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">if the final underlier level is <I>less than</I> the threshold level, the <I>sum</I> of (i) $1,000 <I>plus</I>
(ii) the <I>product</I> of (a) $1,000 <I>times</I> (b) the buffer rate <I>times </I>(c) the <I>sum</I> of the underlier return <I>plus</I>
the threshold amount. <B>In this case, the cash settlement amount will be less than the principal amount of the notes, and you will lose
some or all of the principal amount.</B></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Initial underlier level (to be set on the trade
date):</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; , the
closing level of the underlier on the trade date</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Final underlier level:</B> the closing level
of the underlier on the determination date, except in the limited circumstances described under &ldquo;General Terms of the Notes&mdash;Postponement
of a Determination Date&rdquo; on page PS-34 of the accompanying product supplement and subject to adjustment as provided under &ldquo;General
Terms of the Notes&mdash;Indices&mdash;Discontinuation of, or Adjustments to, an Index&rdquo; on page PS-56 of the accompanying product
supplement</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Underlier return:</B> the <I>quotient</I> of
(i) the final underlier level <I>minus</I> the initial underlier level <I>divided</I> by (ii) the initial underlier level, expressed as
a percentage</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Threshold settlement amount (to be set on the
trade date):</B> expected to be between $1,159.50 and $1,187.60</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Threshold level:</B> 85.00% of the initial underlier
level</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Threshold amount:</B> 15.00%</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Buffer rate:</B> the quotient of the initial
underlier level <I>divided</I> by the threshold level, which equals approximately 117.65%</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Trade date:</B> December&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Original issue date (settlement date) (to be
set on the trade date):</B> expected to be the third scheduled business day following the trade date</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Determination date (to be set on the trade date):</B>
a specified date that is expected to be between 26 and 29 months after the trade date, subject to adjustment as described under &ldquo;General
Terms of the Notes&mdash;Postponement of a Determination Date&rdquo; on page PS-34 of the accompanying product supplement</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Stated maturity date (to be set on the trade
date):</B> a specified date that is expected to be the second scheduled business day after the determination date, subject to adjustment
as described under &ldquo;General Terms of the Notes&mdash;Postponement of a Payment Date&rdquo; on page PS-33 of the accompanying product
supplement</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>No interest:</B> the notes will not bear interest.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>No listing:</B> the notes will not be listed
on any securities exchange or interdealer quotation system.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>No redemption:</B> the notes are not subject
to redemption prior to maturity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Closing level:</B> as described under &ldquo;General
Terms of the Notes&mdash;Indices&mdash;Certain Definitions&rdquo; on page PS-53 of the accompanying product supplement. The accompanying
product supplement refers to the closing level as the closing value.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Business day:</B> as described under &ldquo;Summary&mdash;Key
Definitions&mdash;Business Day&rdquo; on page PS-2 of the accompanying product supplement</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Scheduled trading day:</B> notwithstanding anything
to the contrary under &ldquo;General Terms of the Notes&mdash;Indices&mdash;Certain Definitions&rdquo; on page PS-53 of the accompanying
product supplement, for the purposes of the notes, a &ldquo;scheduled trading day&rdquo; means, with respect to the underlier, a day,
as determined by the calculation agent, on which (i) the underlier sponsor is scheduled to publish the closing level of the underlier
and (ii) each primary market for futures and option contracts with respect to the underlier is scheduled to be open for trading for its
regular trading session.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Use of proceeds and hedging:</B> as described
under &ldquo;Use of Proceeds and Hedging&rdquo; on page PS-30 of the accompanying product supplement</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

</DIV>


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<DIV STYLE="padding: 4pt; border: Black 1pt solid">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>ERISA:</B> as described under &ldquo;Benefit
Plan Investor Considerations&rdquo; on page PS-81 of the accompanying product supplement</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Calculation agent:</B> RBC Capital Markets,
LLC (&ldquo;RBCCM&rdquo;)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Agent:</B> RBCCM</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>U.S. tax treatment:</B> please see the section
entitled &ldquo;United States Federal Income Tax Considerations&rdquo; herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Canadian tax treatment:</B> please see the section
entitled &ldquo;Supplemental Discussion of Canadian Tax Consequences&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>CUSIP no.:</B> 78017PYR6</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>ISIN no.:</B> US78017PYR62</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>FDIC:</B> the notes will not constitute deposits
that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other Canadian or U.S.
governmental agency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Indenture:</B> the notes will be issued under
our senior debt indenture, as amended and supplemented through the date hereof, which is described in the accompanying prospectus. Please
see the section &ldquo;Description of Debt Securities&rdquo; beginning on page 4 of the accompanying prospectus for a description of the
senior debt indenture, including the limited circumstances that would constitute an event of default under the notes that we are offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The trade date, the determination date and the
stated maturity date will be set forth in the final pricing supplement that will be made available in connection with sales of the notes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Supplemental Terms of the Notes</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For purposes of the notes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the provisions set forth under &ldquo;General Terms of the Notes&mdash;Change-in-Law Events&rdquo; in
the accompanying product supplement are not applicable; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">all references to each of the following terms used in the accompanying product supplement will be deemed
to refer to the corresponding term used in this pricing supplement as set forth in the table below:</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><B>Product Supplement Term</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><B>Pricing Supplement Term</B></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">Payment at maturity</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">cash settlement amount</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">Initial Underlier Value</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">initial underlier level</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">Final Underlier Value</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">final underlier level</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">Closing value</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">closing level</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If information in this pricing supplement is inconsistent
with the accompanying prospectus, prospectus supplement or product supplement, this pricing supplement will supersede those documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

</DIV>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">Hypothetical Examples</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table and chart are provided only
for purposes of illustration. They should not be taken as an indication or prediction of future investment results and are intended merely
to illustrate the impact that various hypothetical final underlier levels on the determination date could have on the cash settlement
amount at maturity, assuming all other variables remain constant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The examples below are based on a range of final
underlier levels that are entirely hypothetical. No one can predict what the underlier level will be on any day during the term of your
notes, and no one can predict what the final underlier level will be. The underlier has been highly volatile in the past&mdash;meaning
that the underlier level has changed considerably in relatively short periods&mdash;and its performance cannot be predicted for any future
period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The information in the following examples reflects
hypothetical rates of return on the notes assuming that they are purchased on the original issue date with a $1,000 principal amount and
are held to maturity. If you sell your notes in any secondary market prior to maturity, your return will depend upon the market value
of your notes at the time of sale, which may be affected by a number of factors that are not reflected in the table below, such as interest
rates and the volatility of the underlier. In addition, assuming no changes in market conditions or our creditworthiness and any other
relevant factors, the value of your notes on the trade date (as determined by reference to pricing models used by RBCCM and taking into
account our credit spreads) will be, and the price you may receive for your notes may be, significantly less than the principal amount.
For more information on the value of your notes in the secondary market, see &ldquo;Selected Risk Factors&mdash;Risks Relating to the
Initial Estimated Value of the Notes&mdash;The Initial Estimated Value of the Notes Will Be Less Than the Original Issue Price&rdquo;
below. The information in the table also reflects the key terms and assumptions in the box below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 4pt; border: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Key Terms and Assumptions</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 4pt; width: 45%; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">Principal amount</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 4pt; width: 55%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-left: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">$1,000</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">Hypothetical threshold settlement amount</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-left: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">$1,159.50</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">Threshold level</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-left: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">85.00% of the initial underlier level</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">Buffer rate</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-left: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">approximately 117.65%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">Threshold amount</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right; padding-left: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">15.00%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 4pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Neither a market disruption event nor a non-trading
    day occurs on the originally scheduled determination date</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">No change affecting the method by which the underlier
    sponsor calculates the underlier</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Notes purchased on original issue date at a price
    equal to the principal amount and held to the stated maturity date</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Moreover, we have not yet set the initial underlier
level that will serve as the baseline for determining the underlier return and the amount that we will pay on your notes, if any, at maturity.
We will not do so until the trade date. As a result, the actual initial underlier level may differ substantially from the underlier level
prior to the trade date and may be higher or lower than the actual closing level of the underlier on the trade date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For these reasons, the actual performance of the
underlier over the term of your notes, as well as the cash settlement amount, if any, may bear little relation to the hypothetical examples
shown below or to the historical underlier levels shown elsewhere in this pricing supplement. For information about the historical levels
of the underlier during recent periods, see &ldquo;The Underlier&mdash;Historical Performance of the Underlier&rdquo; below. Before investing
in the notes, you should consult publicly available information to determine the levels of the underlier between the date of this pricing
supplement and the date of your purchase of the notes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Also, the hypothetical examples shown below do
not take into account the effects of applicable taxes. Because of the U.S. tax treatment applicable to your notes, tax liabilities could
affect the after-tax rate of return on your notes to a comparatively greater extent than the after-tax return on the stocks included in
the underlier (the &ldquo;underlier stocks&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The levels in the left column of the table below
represent hypothetical final underlier levels and are expressed as percentages of the initial underlier level. The amounts in the right
column represent the hypothetical cash settlement amounts, based on the corresponding hypothetical final underlier level (expressed as
a percentage of the initial underlier level), and are expressed as percentages of the principal amount of a note (rounded to the nearest
one-thousandth of a percent). Thus, a hypothetical cash settlement amount of 100.000% means that the value of the cash payment that we
would deliver for each $1,000 principal amount of notes at maturity would equal the principal amount of a note, based on the corresponding
hypothetical final underlier level (expressed as a percentage of the initial underlier level) and the assumptions noted above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Hypothetical Final Underlier Level (as a Percentage</B></FONT></P>
                                                                               <P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>of the Initial Underlier Level)</B></FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Hypothetical Cash Settlement Amount (as a</B></FONT></P>
                                                                               <P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Percentage of the Principal Amount)</B></FONT></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">150.000%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">115.950%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">140.000%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">115.950%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">130.000%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">115.950%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">120.000%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">115.950%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCCCCC">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>115.950%</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>115.950%</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">110.000%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">115.950%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">105.000%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">115.950%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">102.500%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">115.950%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCCCCC">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>100.000%</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>115.950%</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">95.000%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">115.950%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">90.000%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">115.950%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCCCCC">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>85.000%</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>115.950%</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">84.999%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">99.999%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">80.000%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">94.118%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">75.000%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">88.235%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">50.000%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">58.824%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">25.000%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">29.412%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCCCCC">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>0.000%</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>0.000%</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If, for example, the final underlier level were
determined to be 25.000% of the initial underlier level, the cash settlement amount that we would deliver on your notes at maturity would
be approximately 29.412% of the principal amount of your notes, as shown in the hypothetical cash settlement amount column of the table
above. As a result, if you purchased your notes at the principal amount on the settlement date and held them to maturity, you would lose
approximately 70.588% of your investment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the final underlier level were determined to
be 85.000% or more of the initial underlier level, the cash settlement amount that we would deliver on your notes at maturity would be
capped at the threshold settlement amount (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount), or 115.950% of the principal amount of
your notes, as shown in the hypothetical cash settlement amount column of the table above. As a result, if you purchased your notes at
the principal amount on the settlement date and held them to maturity, you would not benefit from any final underlier level greater than
85.000% of the initial underlier level, regardless of the extent to which the final underlier level may be greater than 85.000% of the
initial underlier level.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following chart also illustrates the hypothetical
cash settlement amounts (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount of your notes) that we would pay on your notes on the stated
maturity date, if the final underlier level (expressed as a percentage of the initial underlier level) were any of the hypothetical levels
shown on the horizontal axis. The chart shows that any hypothetical final underlier level (expressed as a percentage of the initial underlier
level) of less than the threshold level would result in a hypothetical cash settlement amount of less than 100.00% of the principal amount
of your notes (the section below the 100.00% marker on the vertical axis) and, accordingly, in a loss of principal to the holder of the
notes. The chart also shows that any hypothetical final underlier level that is greater than or equal to the threshold level (the section
right of the 85.000% marker on the horizontal axis) would result in a capped return on your investment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 100%; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><IMG SRC="image_002.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="height: 384px; width: 596px"></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="color: #296DC1">&#9;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">n</FONT></FONT> The Note Performance&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">n</FONT> The Underlier Performance</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">No one can predict what the final underlier level
will be. The actual amount that a holder of the notes will receive at maturity and the actual return on your investment in the notes,
if any, will depend on the initial underlier level, the stated maturity date and the threshold settlement amount that will be set on the
trade date and the actual final underlier level determined by the calculation agent. In addition, the actual return on your notes will
further depend on the original issue price. Moreover, the assumptions on which the hypothetical table and chart are based may turn out
to be inaccurate. Consequently, the return on your investment in the notes, if any, and the actual cash settlement amount to be paid in
respect of the notes at maturity may be very different from the information reflected in the table and chart above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">selected Risk Factors</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; width: 100%; border: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify"><I>An investment in the notes involves significant risks. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the notes. Some of the risks that apply to an investment in the notes are summarized below, but we urge you to read also the &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; sections of the accompanying prospectus, prospectus supplement and product supplement. You should not purchase the notes unless you understand and can bear the risks of investing in the notes. Your notes are not equivalent to investing directly in the underlier stocks, i.e., the stocks included in the underlier.</I></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Risks Relating to the Terms of the Notes</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">You May Lose Your Entire Investment in the
Notes</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The principal amount of your investment is not
protected and you may lose a significant amount, or even all, of your investment in the notes. The cash settlement amount, if any, will
depend on the performance of the underlier and the change in the level of the underlier from the trade date to the determination date,
and you may receive significantly less than the principal amount of the notes. You will receive at least the principal amount of the notes
at maturity, subject to our credit risk, only if the final underlier level is greater than or equal to the threshold level. If the final
underlier level is less than the threshold level, then you will lose approximately 1.1765% of the principal amount of your notes for every
1% that the final underlier level is less than the threshold level. Accordingly, you could lose a substantial portion, and perhaps all,
of your investment in the notes, including any premium to the principal amount you may have paid when you purchased the notes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, the market price of your notes prior
to the stated maturity date may be significantly lower than the purchase price you pay for your notes. Consequently, if you sell your
notes before the stated maturity date, the price you receive for the notes may be significantly less than the price that you paid for
them.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>The Return on the Notes Is Limited to the Return
Represented by the Threshold Settlement Amount</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You will not participate in any appreciation in
the level of the underlier. Instead, you will receive a fixed threshold settlement amount if the final underlier level is greater than
or equal to the threshold level. You will not receive a return on the notes greater than the return represented by the threshold settlement
amount. Accordingly, the amount payable for each of your notes may be significantly less than it would have been had you invested directly
in the underlier stocks.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Payments on the Notes Are Subject to Our Credit
Risk, and Market Perceptions about Our Creditworthiness May Adversely Affect the Market Value of the Notes</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The notes are our senior unsecured debt securities,
and your receipt of any amounts due on the notes is dependent upon our ability to pay our obligations as they come due. If we were to
default on our payment obligations, you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the notes and you could lose your entire investment.
In addition, any negative changes in market perceptions about our creditworthiness may adversely affect the market value of the notes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">The Notes Do Not Pay Interest, and Your Return
on the Notes May Be Lower Than the Return on a Conventional Debt Security of Comparable Maturity</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">There will be no periodic interest payments on
the notes as there would be on a conventional fixed-rate or floating-rate debt security having the same maturity. The return that you
will receive on the notes, which could be negative, may be less than the return you could earn on other investments. Even if your return
is positive, your return may be less than the return you would earn if you purchased one of our conventional senior interest-bearing debt
securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Any Payment on the Notes Will Be Determined
Based on the Closing Levels of the Underlier on the Dates Specified</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Any payment on the notes will be determined based
on the closing levels of the underlier on the dates specified. You will not benefit from any more favorable level of the underlier determined
at any other time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">The Stated Maturity Date of the Notes Is a
Pricing Term and Will Be Determined By Us on the Trade Date</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We will not fix the stated maturity date until
the trade date. The term of the notes could be as long as the high end of the range set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement.
You should be willing and able to hold your notes for up to the high end of the range set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement.
The stated maturity date selected by us could have an impact on the value of the notes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>If the Original Issue Price for Your Notes Represents
a Premium to the Principal Amount, the Return on Your Notes Will Be Lower Than the Return on Notes for Which the Original Issue Price
Is Equal to the Principal Amount or Represents a Discount to the Principal Amount</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The cash settlement amount will not be adjusted
based on the original issue price. If the original issue price for your notes differs from the principal amount, the return on your notes
held to maturity will differ from, and may be substantially less than, the return on notes for which the original issue price is equal
to the principal amount. If the original issue price for your notes represents a premium to the principal amount and you hold them to
maturity, the return on your notes will be lower than the return on notes for which the original issue price is equal to the principal
amount or represents a discount to the principal amount.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, the impact of the threshold level
and the threshold settlement amount on the return on your investment will depend upon the price you pay for your notes relative to the
principal amount. For example, if the final underlier level is less than the threshold level, you will incur a greater percentage decrease
in your investment in the notes than would have been the case for notes purchased at the principal amount or a discount to the principal
amount. Similarly, if you purchase your notes at a premium to the principal amount, the threshold settlement amount will correspond to
a lower percentage increase in your investment in the notes than would have been the case for notes purchased at the principal amount
or a discount to the principal amount.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">The U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of
an Investment in the Notes Are Uncertain</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">There is no direct legal authority regarding the
proper U.S. federal income tax treatment of the notes, and significant aspects of the tax treatment of the notes are uncertain. You should
review carefully the section entitled &ldquo;United States Federal Income Tax Considerations&rdquo; herein, in combination with the section
entitled &ldquo;United States Federal Income Tax Considerations&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement, and consult your tax adviser
regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Risks Relating to the Initial Estimated Value
of the Notes and the Secondary Market for the Notes</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>There May Not Be an Active Trading Market for
the Notes; Sales in the Secondary Market May Result in Significant Losses</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">There may be little or no secondary market for
the notes. The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. RBCCM and our other affiliates may make a market for the notes; however,
they are not required to do so and, if they choose to do so, may stop any market-making activities at any time. Because other dealers
are not likely to make a secondary market for the notes, the price at which you may be able to trade your notes is likely to depend on
the price, if any, at which RBCCM or any of our other affiliates is willing to buy the notes. Even if a secondary market for the notes
develops, it may not provide enough liquidity to allow you to easily trade or sell the notes. We expect that transaction costs in any
secondary market would be high. As a result, the difference between bid and ask prices for your notes in any secondary market could be
substantial. If you sell your notes before maturity, you may have to do so at a substantial discount from the price that you paid for
them, and as a result, you may suffer significant losses. The notes are not designed to be short-term trading instruments. Accordingly,
you should be able and willing to hold your notes to maturity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>The Initial Estimated Value of the Notes Will
Be Less Than the Original Issue Price</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The initial estimated value of the notes will be
less than the original issue price of the notes and does not represent a minimum price at which we, RBCCM or any of our other affiliates
would be willing to purchase the notes in any secondary market (if any exists) at any time. If you attempt to sell the notes prior to
maturity, their market value may be lower than the price you paid for them and the initial estimated value. This is due to, among other
things, changes in the level of the underlier, the internal funding rate we pay to issue securities of this kind (which is lower than
the rate at which we borrow funds by issuing conventional fixed rate debt) and the inclusion in the original issue price of our estimated
profit and the estimated costs relating to our hedging of the notes. These factors, together with various credit, market and economic
factors over the term of the notes, are expected to reduce the price at which you may be able to sell the notes in any secondary market
and will affect the value of the notes in complex and unpredictable ways. Assuming no change in market conditions or any other relevant
factors, the price, if any, at which you may be able to sell your notes prior to maturity may be less than the original issue price and
the initial estimated value, as any such sale price would not be expected to include our estimated profit or the hedging costs relating
to the notes. In addition, any price at which you may sell the notes is likely to reflect customary bid-ask spreads for similar trades.
In addition to bid-ask spreads, the value of the notes determined for any secondary market price is expected to be based on a secondary
market rate rather than the internal funding rate used to price the notes and determine the initial estimated value. As a result, the
secondary market price will be less than if the internal funding rate were used.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As set forth below in the section &ldquo;Supplemental
Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)&rdquo; below, for a limited period of time after the trade date, your broker may repurchase
the notes at a price that is greater than the estimated value of the notes at that time. However, assuming no changes in any other relevant
factors, the price you may receive if you sell your notes is expected to decline gradually during that period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>The Initial Estimated Value of the Notes Is Only
an Estimate, Calculated as of the Trade Date</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The initial estimated value of the notes is based
on the value of our obligation to make the payments on the notes, together with the mid-market value of the derivative embedded in the
terms of the notes. See &ldquo;Structuring the Notes&rdquo; below. Our estimate is based on a variety of assumptions, including our internal
funding rate (which represents a discount from our credit spreads), expectations as to dividends, interest rates and volatility and the
expected term of the notes. These assumptions are based on certain forecasts about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. Other
entities may value the notes or similar securities at a price that is significantly different than we do.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The value of the notes at any time after the trade
date will vary based on many factors, including changes in market conditions, and cannot be predicted with accuracy. As a result, the
actual value you would receive if you sold the notes in any secondary market, if any, should be expected to differ materially from the
initial estimated value of the notes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest and Our
Trading Activities</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Our and Our Affiliates&rsquo; Business and Trading
Activities May Create Conflicts of Interest</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should make your own independent investigation
of the merits of investing in the notes. Our and our affiliates&rsquo; economic interests are potentially adverse to your interests as
an investor in the notes due to our and our affiliates&rsquo; business and trading activities, and we and our affiliates have no obligation
to consider your interests in taking any actions that might affect the value of the notes. Trading by us and our affiliates may adversely
affect the level of the underlier and the market value of the notes. See &ldquo;Risk Factors&mdash;Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest&rdquo;
in the accompanying product supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>RBCCM&rsquo;s Role as Calculation Agent May Create
Conflicts of Interest</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As calculation agent, our affiliate, RBCCM, will
determine any levels of the underlier and make any other determinations necessary to calculate any payments on the notes. In making these
determinations, the calculation agent may be required to make discretionary judgments, including those described under &ldquo;&mdash;
Risks Relating to the Underlier&rdquo; below. In making these discretionary judgments, the economic interests of the calculation agent
are potentially adverse to your interests as an investor in the notes, and any of these determinations may adversely affect any payments
on the notes. The calculation agent will have no obligation to consider your interests as an investor in the notes in making any determinations
with respect to the notes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Risks Relating to the Underlier</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>You Will Not Have Any Rights to the Securities
Included in the Underlier</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As an investor in the notes, you will not have
voting rights or rights to receive dividends or other distributions or any other rights with respect to the securities included in the
underlier. The underlier is a price return index and its return does not reflect regular cash dividends paid by its components.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Any Payment on the Notes May Be Postponed and
Adversely Affected by the Occurrence of a Market Disruption Event</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The timing and amount of any payment on the notes
is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of a market disruption event affecting the underlier. If a market disruption event persists
for a sustained period, the calculation agent may make a determination of the closing level of the underlier. See &ldquo;General Terms
of the Notes&mdash;Indices&mdash;Market Disruption Events for an Equity Index,&rdquo; &ldquo;General Terms of the Notes&mdash;Postponement
of a Determination Date&rdquo; and &ldquo;General Terms of the Notes&mdash;Postponement of a Payment Date&rdquo; in the accompanying product
supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Adjustments to the Underlier Could Adversely
Affect Any Payments on the Notes</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The underlier sponsor may add, delete, substitute
or adjust the securities composing the underlier or make other methodological changes to the underlier that could affect its performance.
The calculation agent will calculate the value to be used as the closing level of the underlier in the event of certain material changes
in, or modifications to, the underlier. In addition, the underlier sponsor may also discontinue or suspend calculation or publication
of the underlier at any time. Under these circumstances, the calculation agent may select a successor index that the calculation agent
determines to be comparable to the underlier or, if no successor index is available, the calculation agent will determine the value to
be used as the closing level of the underlier. Any of these actions could adversely affect the level of the underlier and, consequently,
the value of the notes. See &ldquo;General Terms of the Notes&mdash;Indices&mdash;Discontinuation of, or Adjustments to, an Index&rdquo;
in the accompanying product supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>THE UNDERLIER</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The underlier consists of stocks of 500 companies
selected to provide a performance benchmark for the U.S. equity markets. For more information about the underlier, see &ldquo;Indices&mdash;The
S&amp;P U.S. Indices&rdquo; in the accompanying underlying supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Historical Performance of the Underlier</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The closing levels of the underlier have fluctuated
in the past and may experience significant fluctuations in the future. Any historical upward or downward trend in the closing levels of
the underlier during any period shown below is not an indication that the underlier is more or less likely to increase or decrease at
any time during the term of the notes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The historical levels of the underlier are provided
only for informational purposes. You should not take the historical levels of the underlier as an indication of its future performance.
We cannot give you any assurance that the future performance of the underlier or the underlier stocks will result in your receiving an
amount greater than the original issue price at maturity. Neither we nor any of our affiliates makes any representation to you as to the
performance of the underlier. Moreover, in light of current market conditions, the trends reflected in the historical performance of the
underlier may be less likely to be indicative of the performance of the underlier over the term of the notes than would otherwise have
been the case. The actual performance of the underlier over the term of the notes, as well as the cash settlement amount, may bear little
relation to the historical levels shown below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The graph below shows the daily historical closing
levels of the underlier from January 1, 2015 through December 18, 2025. We obtained the closing levels of the underlier listed in the
graph below from Bloomberg Financial Services, without independent verification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Historical Performance of the S&amp;P 500<SUP>&reg;</SUP>
Index</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><IMG SRC="image_003.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="height: 336px; width: 528px"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">United States Federal
Income Tax Considerations</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should review carefully the section in the
accompanying product supplement entitled &ldquo;United States Federal Income Tax Considerations.&rdquo; The following discussion, when
read in combination with that section, constitutes the full opinion of our counsel, Davis Polk &amp; Wardwell LLP, regarding the material
U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of the notes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Generally, this discussion assumes that you purchased
the notes for cash in the original issuance at the stated issue price and does not address other circumstances specific to you, including
consequences that may arise due to any other investments relating to the underlier. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the
effect any such circumstances may have on the U.S. federal income tax consequences of your ownership of a note.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In the opinion of our counsel, which is based on
current market conditions, it is reasonable to treat the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes as prepaid financial contracts that
are &ldquo;open transactions,&rdquo; as described in the section entitled &ldquo;United States Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Tax
Consequences to U.S. Holders&mdash;Notes Treated as Prepaid Financial Contracts that are Open Transactions&rdquo; in the accompanying
product supplement. There is uncertainty regarding this treatment, and the Internal Revenue Service (the &ldquo;IRS&rdquo;) or a court
might not agree with it. Moreover, because this treatment of the notes and our counsel&rsquo;s opinion are based on market conditions
as of the date of this preliminary pricing supplement, each is subject to confirmation on the trade date. A different tax treatment could
be adverse to you. Generally, if this treatment is respected, (i) you should not recognize taxable income or loss prior to the taxable
disposition of your notes (including upon maturity or an earlier redemption, if applicable) and (ii) the gain or loss on your notes should
be treated as short-term capital gain or loss unless you have held the notes for more than one year, in which case your gain or loss should
be treated as long-term capital gain or loss.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We do not plan to request a ruling from the IRS
regarding the treatment of the notes. An alternative characterization of the notes could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences
of ownership and disposition of the notes, including the timing and character of income recognized. In addition, the U.S. Treasury Department
and the IRS have requested comments on various issues regarding the U.S. federal income tax treatment of &ldquo;prepaid forward contracts&rdquo;
and similar financial instruments and have indicated that such transactions may be the subject of future regulations or other guidance.
Furthermore, members of Congress have proposed legislative changes to the tax treatment of derivative contracts. Any legislation, Treasury
regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences
of an investment in the notes, possibly with retroactive effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Non-U.S. Holders.</B> As discussed under &ldquo;United
States Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders&mdash;Dividend Equivalents under Section 871(m) of
the Code&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement, Section 871(m) of the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury regulations promulgated
thereunder (&ldquo;Section 871(m)&rdquo;) generally impose a 30% withholding tax on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S.
Holders with respect to certain financial instruments linked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. The Treasury regulations,
as modified by an IRS notice, exempt financial instruments issued prior to January 1, 2027 that do not have a &ldquo;delta&rdquo; of one.
Based on certain determinations made by us, we expect that Section 871(m) will not apply to the notes with regard to Non-U.S. Holders.
Our determination is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this determination. If necessary, further information regarding
the potential application of Section 871(m) will be provided in the final pricing supplement for the notes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We will not be required to pay any additional amounts
with respect to U.S. federal withholding taxes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should consult your tax adviser regarding the
U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes, including possible alternative treatments, as well as tax consequences
arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">Supplemental Plan
of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We will sell to RBCCM, and RBCCM will purchase
from us, the principal amount of the notes specified, at the price specified, on the cover page of this pricing supplement. RBCCM, acting
as our agent, will not receive an underwriting discount in connection with the sale of the notes. RBCCM has informed us that, as part
of its distribution of the notes, it will reoffer them at a purchase price equal to 100.00% of the principal amount to one or more other
dealers who will sell them to their customers. A fee will be paid to iCapital Markets LLC, a broker-dealer with no affiliation with us,
for services it is providing in connection with this offering. An affiliate of Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC, which is acting as a dealer
in connection with the distribution of the notes, holds an indirect minority equity interest in iCapital Markets, LLC. In the future,
RBCCM or one of its affiliates, may repurchase and resell the notes in market-making transactions, with resales being made at prices related
to prevailing market prices at the time of resale or at negotiated prices. For more information about the plan of distribution, the distribution
agreement and possible market-making activities, see &ldquo;Supplemental Plan of Distribution&rdquo; in the accompanying prospectus supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">RBCCM or another of our affiliates may make a market
in the notes after the trade date; however, it is not obligated to do so. The price that it makes available from time to time after the
issue date at which it would be willing to repurchase the notes will generally reflect its estimate of their value. That estimated value
will be based on a variety of factors, including then-prevailing market conditions, our creditworthiness and transaction costs. However,
for a period of approximately three months after the trade date, the price at which RBCCM may repurchase the notes may be higher than
their estimated value at that time. This is because the estimated value of the notes will not include our hedging costs and profits; however,
the price at which RBCCM may repurchase the notes during that period may initially be a higher amount, reflecting the addition of a portion
of our estimated costs and profits from hedging the notes. This excess is expected to decrease over time until the end of this period.
After this period, if RBCCM continues to make a market in the notes, the prices that it would pay for them are expected to reflect its
estimated value, as well as customary bid-ask spreads for similar trades. In addition, the value of the notes shown on your account statement
may not be identical to the price at which RBCCM would be willing to purchase the notes at that time, and could be lower than RBCCM&rsquo;s
price.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">RBCCM or another of its affiliates or agents may
use this pricing supplement in the initial sale of the notes. In addition, RBCCM or any other affiliate of Royal Bank of Canada may use
this pricing supplement in a market-making transaction in a note after its initial sale. <I>Unless RBCCM or its agent informs the purchaser
otherwise in the confirmation of sale, this pricing supplement is being used in a market-making transaction.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For additional information about the settlement
cycle of the notes, see &ldquo;Plan of Distribution&rdquo; in the accompanying prospectus. For additional information as to the relationship
between us and RBCCM, see the section &ldquo;Plan of Distribution&mdash;Conflicts of Interest&rdquo; in the accompanying prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">Structuring the
Notes</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The notes are our debt securities. As is the case
for all of our debt securities, including our structured notes, the economic terms of the notes reflect our actual or perceived creditworthiness.
In addition, because structured notes result in increased operational, funding and liability management costs to us, we typically borrow
the funds under structured notes at a rate that is lower than the rate that we might pay for a conventional fixed or floating rate debt
security of comparable maturity. The lower internal funding rate and the hedging-related costs relating to the notes reduce the economic
terms of the notes to you and result in the initial estimated value for the notes being less than their original issue price. Unlike the
initial estimated value, any value of the notes determined for purposes of a secondary market transaction may be based on a secondary
market rate, which may result in a lower value for the notes than if our initial internal funding rate were used.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In order to satisfy our payment obligations under
the notes, we may choose to enter into certain hedging arrangements (which may include call options, put options or other derivatives)
with RBCCM and/or one of our other affiliates. The terms of these hedging arrangements take into account a number of factors, including
our creditworthiness, interest rate movements, volatility and the tenor of the notes. The economic terms of the notes and the initial
estimated value depend in part on the terms of these hedging arrangements. Our cost of hedging will include the projected profit that
such counterparties expect to realize in consideration for assuming the risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes. Because
hedging our obligations entails risks and may be influenced by market forces beyond the counterparties&rsquo; control, such hedging may
result in a profit that is more or less than expected, or could result in a loss. See &ldquo;Use of Proceeds and Hedging&rdquo; on page
PS-30 of the accompanying product supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">See &ldquo;Selected Risk Factors&mdash;Risks Relating
to the Initial Estimated Value of the Notes and the Secondary Market for the Notes&mdash;The Initial Estimated Value of the Notes Will
Be Less Than the Original Issue Price&rdquo; above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
