<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000950103-25-016360.txt : 20251219
<SEC-HEADER>0000950103-25-016360.hdr.sgml : 20251219
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20251219120204
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000950103-25-016360
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	424B2
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		13
FILED AS OF DATE:		20251219
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20251219

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ROYAL BANK OF CANADA
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001000275
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	COMMERCIAL BANKS, NEC [6029]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	02 Finance
		EIN:				135357855
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			A6
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1031

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		424B2
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-275898
		FILM NUMBER:		251586263

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		ADDRESS IS A NON US LOCATION: 	YES
		STREET 1:		ROYAL BANK PLAZA
		STREET 2:		200 BAY STREET
		CITY:			TORONTO
		PROVINCE COUNTRY:   	A6
		ZIP:			M5J 2J5
		BUSINESS PHONE:		212-437-9267

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		ADDRESS IS A NON US LOCATION: 	YES
		STREET 1:		ROYAL BANK PLAZA
		STREET 2:		200 BAY STREET
		CITY:			TORONTO
		PROVINCE COUNTRY:   	A6
		ZIP:			M5J 2J5

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ROYAL BANK OF CANADA \
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19950908
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>424B2
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>dp238984_424b2-us3419gld.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM 424B2
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; background-color: rgb(22,52,95); width: 25%"><IMG SRC="image_001.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; background-color: rgb(22,52,95); width: 75%">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; color: white">Registration Statement No. 333-275898</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; color: white">Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2)</P></TD></TR>
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    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding: 4pt; background-color: rgb(74,108,149)"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; background-color: rgb(183,195,217)">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; background-color: rgb(183,195,217); font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; background-color: rgb(183,195,217)">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; background-color: rgb(183,195,217); width: 50%">
    <P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D"> Pricing Supplement</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D"></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: red"></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D">Pricing Supplement dated December 17, 2025 to the Prospectus
dated December 20, 2023, the Prospectus Supplement dated December 20, 2023, the Underlying Supplement No. 1A dated May 16, 2024 and the
Product Supplement No. 1B dated July 22, 2025</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D"></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; background-color: rgb(183,195,217); width: 4%; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; background-color: rgb(226,231,240); width: 46%">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D">$7,198,000<BR>
Capped Return Buffer Notes<BR>
Linked to the SPDR<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Gold Trust,<BR>
Due June 23, 2028</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D">Royal Bank of Canada</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D"></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D"></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; background-color: rgb(183,195,217)">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; background-color: rgb(183,195,217); font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; background-color: rgb(183,195,217)"></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Royal Bank of Canada is offering Capped Return
Buffer Notes (the &ldquo;Notes&rdquo;) linked to the performance of the SPDR<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Gold Trust (the &ldquo;Underlier&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 18.45pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 17.55pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Capped Return Potential</B> &mdash; If the
Final Underlier Value is greater than the Initial Underlier Value, at maturity, investors will receive a return equal to 100% of the Underlier
Return, subject to the Maximum Return of 28.75%.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 18.45pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 17.55pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Contingent Return of Principal at Maturity</B>
&mdash; If the Final Underlier Value is less than or equal to the Initial Underlier Value, but is greater than or equal to the Buffer
Value (75% of the Initial Underlier Value), at maturity, investors will receive the principal amount of their Notes. If the Final Underlier
Value is less than the Buffer Value, at maturity, investors will lose 1% of the principal amount of their Notes for each 1% that the Final
Underlier Value is less than the Initial Underlier Value in excess of the Buffer Percentage of 25%.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 18.45pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 17.55pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">The Notes do not pay interest.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 18.45pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 17.55pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">Any payments on the Notes are subject to our credit
risk.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 18.45pt"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 17.55pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">The Notes will not be listed on any securities
exchange.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>CUSIP:</B> 78017PXB2</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Investing in the Notes involves a number of
risks. See &ldquo;Selected Risk Considerations&rdquo; beginning on page P-6 of this pricing supplement and &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo;
in the accompanying prospectus, prospectus supplement and product supplement.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">None of the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;), any state securities commission or any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of the Notes or passed
upon the adequacy or accuracy of this pricing supplement. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The Notes will not
constitute deposits insured by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other Canadian
or U.S. governmental agency or instrumentality. The Notes are not bail-inable notes and are not subject to conversion into our common
shares under subsection 39.2(2.3) of the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="width: 70%; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 6pt; width: 54%; font-size: 12pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 6pt; width: 23%; padding-bottom: 1pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 0.5pt solid">Per Note</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 6pt; width: 23%; padding-bottom: 1pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 0.5pt solid">Total</P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 6pt; font-size: 12pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Price to public<SUP>(1)</SUP></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 6pt; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">100.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 6pt; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$7,198,000</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 6pt; vertical-align: top; font-size: 12pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Underwriting discounts and commissions<SUP>(1)</SUP></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 6pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 0.5pt solid">0.023%</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 6pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 0.5pt solid">$1,665</P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 6pt; font-size: 12pt; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proceeds to Royal Bank of Canada</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 6pt; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">99.977%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 6pt; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$7,196,335</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><SUP>(1)</SUP> We or one of our affiliates may
pay varying selling concessions of up to $2.50 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes in connection with the distribution of the Notes to
other registered broker-dealers. Certain dealers who purchase the Notes for sale to certain fee-based advisory accounts may forgo some
or all of their underwriting discount or selling concessions. The public offering price for investors purchasing the Notes in these accounts
may be between $997.50 and $1,000.00 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes. In addition, we or one of our affiliates may pay a broker-dealer
that is not affiliated with us a referral fee of up to $10.00 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes. See &ldquo;Supplemental Plan of Distribution
(Conflicts of Interest)&rdquo; below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The initial estimated value of the Notes determined
by us as of the Trade Date, which we refer to as the initial estimated value, is $982.06 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes and is less
than the public offering price of the Notes. The market value of the Notes at any time will reflect many factors, cannot be predicted
with accuracy and may be less than this amount. We describe the determination of the initial estimated value in more detail below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; color: #17365D">RBC Capital Markets, LLC</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; color: #17365D"></P>



<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #003260"><TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #B8C4D9"><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; padding-bottom: 6pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 6pt"> <P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D">Capped Return Buffer Notes Linked to<BR> the SPDR<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Gold Trust</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D"></P></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: #17365D"><B>KEY TERMS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: #17365D">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>The information in this &ldquo;Key Terms&rdquo;
section is qualified by any more detailed information set forth in this pricing supplement and in the accompanying prospectus, prospectus
supplement, underlying supplement and product supplement.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Issuer:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Royal Bank of Canada</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Underwriter:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">RBC Capital Markets, LLC (&ldquo;RBCCM&rdquo;)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Minimum Investment:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$1,000 and minimum denominations of $1,000 in excess thereof</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Underlier:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">The SPDR<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Gold Trust</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: top; width: 21%; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 27%; background-color: #849AA5; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Bloomberg Ticker</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom; width: 26%; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; background-color: #849AA5; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Initial Underlier Value<SUP>(1)</SUP></B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom; width: 26%; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; background-color: #849AA5; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Buffer Value<SUP>(2)</SUP></B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: top; border-right: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">GLD UP</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$399.29</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$299.47</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><SUP>(1)</SUP> The closing value of the Underlier on the Trade Date</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><SUP>(2)</SUP> 75% of the Initial Underlier Value (rounded to two decimal places)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Trade Date:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">December 17, 2025</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Issue Date:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">December 22, 2025</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Valuation Date:*</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 20, 2028</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Maturity Date:*</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 23, 2028</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Payment at Maturity:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 4pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Investors will receive on the Maturity Date per
    $1,000 principal amount of Notes:</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Symbol; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&middot;&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: -11pt 0pt 0pt 0.4in; text-align: justify">If the Final Underlier Value is <B><I>greater
    than</I></B> the Initial Underlier Value, an amount equal to:</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.4in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 30.4pt 0pt 28.45pt; text-align: center">$1,000 + ($1,000 &times; the lesser
    of (a) Underlier Return &times; Participation Rate and (b) Maximum Return)</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 30.4pt 0pt 28.45pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Symbol; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&middot;&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: -11pt 0pt 0pt 0.4in; text-align: justify">If the Final Underlier Value is <B><I>less
    than or equal to</I></B> the Initial Underlier Value, but is <B><I>greater than or equal to</I></B> the Buffer Value: $1,000</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.4in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Symbol; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">&middot;&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: -11pt 0pt 0pt 0.4in; text-align: justify">If the Final Underlier Value is <B><I>less
    than </I></B>the Buffer Value, an amount equal to:</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.4in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">$1,000 + [$1,000 &times; (Underlier Return + Buffer
    Percentage)]</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><I>If the Final Underlier Value is less than the
    Buffer Value, you will lose some or a substantial portion of your principal amount at maturity. All payments on the Notes are subject
    to our credit risk.</I></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Participation Rate:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">100% (subject to the Maximum Return)</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Maximum Return:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">28.75%. Accordingly, the maximum payment at maturity will be $1,287.50 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Buffer Percentage:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 4pt; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">25%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Underlier Return:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 4pt">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Underlier Return, expressed as a percentage,
    is calculated using the following formula:</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><U>Final Underlier Value &ndash; Initial Underlier
Value<BR>
</U>Initial Underlier Value&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Final Underlier Value:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">The closing value of the Underlier on the Valuation Date</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding: 4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Calculation Agent:</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="padding: 4pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">RBCCM</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0">* Subject to postponement. See &ldquo;General Terms of the Notes&mdash;Postponement
of a Determination Date&rdquo; and &ldquo;General Terms of the Notes&mdash;Postponement of a Payment Date&rdquo; in the accompanying product
supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2; Options: NewSection; Value: 2 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #003260"><TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #B8C4D9"><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; padding-bottom: 6pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 6pt"> <P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D">Capped Return Buffer Notes Linked to<BR> the SPDR<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Gold Trust</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D"></P></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: #17365D"><B>ADDITIONAL TERMS OF YOUR NOTES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: #17365D">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should read this pricing supplement together
with the prospectus dated December 20, 2023, as supplemented by the prospectus supplement dated December 20, 2023, relating to our Senior
Global Medium-Term Notes, Series J, of which the Notes are a part, the underlying supplement no. 1A dated May 16, 2024 and the product
supplement no. 1B dated July 22, 2025. This pricing supplement, together with these documents, contains the terms of the Notes and supersedes
all other prior or contemporaneous oral statements as well as any other written materials, including preliminary or indicative pricing
terms, correspondence, trade ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, fact sheets, brochures or other educational materials
of ours.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have not authorized anyone to provide any information
or to make any representations other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this pricing supplement and the documents listed
below. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give
you. These documents are an offer to sell only the Notes offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is
lawful to do so. The information contained in each such document is current only as of its date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If the information in this pricing supplement differs
from the information contained in the documents listed below, you should rely on the information in this pricing supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should carefully consider, among other things,
the matters set forth in &ldquo;Selected Risk Considerations&rdquo; in this pricing supplement and &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; in the documents
listed below, as the Notes involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities. We urge you to consult your investment, legal,
tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the Notes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You may access these documents on the SEC website
at www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">Prospectus dated December 20, 2023:</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; color: #0563C1"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000119312523299520/d645671d424b3.htm" STYLE="color: Blue; text-decoration: underline">https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000119312523299520/d645671d424b3.htm</A></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; color: #0563C1">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">Prospectus Supplement dated December 20, 2023:</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; color: #0563C1"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000119312523299523/d638227d424b3.htm" STYLE="color: Blue; text-decoration: underline">https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000119312523299523/d638227d424b3.htm</A></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; color: #0563C1">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">Underlying Supplement No. 1A dated May 16, 2024:</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; color: #0563C1"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000095010324006773/dp211259_424b2-us1a.htm" STYLE="color: Blue; text-decoration: underline">https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000095010324006773/dp211259_424b2-us1a.htm</A></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; color: #0563C1">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">Product Supplement No. 1B dated July 22, 2025:</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; color: #0563C1"><A HREF="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000095010325009131/dp231901_424b2-opsn1b.htm" STYLE="color: Blue; text-decoration: underline">https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1000275/000095010325009131/dp231901_424b2-opsn1b.htm</A></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; color: #0563C1">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website
is 1000275. As used in this pricing supplement, &ldquo;Royal Bank of Canada,&rdquo; the &ldquo;Bank,&rdquo; &ldquo;we,&rdquo; &ldquo;our&rdquo;
and &ldquo;us&rdquo; mean only Royal Bank of Canada.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #003260"><TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #B8C4D9"><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; padding-bottom: 6pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 6pt"> <P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D">Capped Return Buffer Notes Linked to<BR> the SPDR<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Gold Trust</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D"></P></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: #17365D"><B>HYPOTHETICAL RETURNS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: #17365D">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The table and examples set forth below illustrate
hypothetical payments at maturity for hypothetical performance of the Underlier, based on the Buffer Value of 75% of the Initial Underlier
Value, the Participation Rate of 100%, the Maximum Return of 28.75% and the Buffer Percentage of 25%. The table and examples are only
for illustrative purposes and may not show the actual return applicable to investors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" ALIGN="CENTER" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 80%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="background-color: #849AA5">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 34%; border: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Hypothetical Underlier <BR>
Return</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 33%; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Payment at Maturity per <BR>
$1,000 Principal Amount of <BR>
Notes</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 33%; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: white"><B>Payment at Maturity as <BR>
Percentage of Principal <BR>
Amount</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">50.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$1,287.50</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">128.750%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">40.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$1,287.50</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">128.750%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">30.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$1,287.50</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">128.750%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCCCCC">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">28.75%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$1,287.50</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">128.750%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">20.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$1,200.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">120.000%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$1,100.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">110.000%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$1,050.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">105.000%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$1,020.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">102.000%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCCCCC">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$1,000.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">100.000%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">-5.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$1,000.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">100.000%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">-10.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$1,000.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">100.000%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">-20.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$1,000.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">100.000%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCCCCC">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">-25.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$1,000.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">100.000%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">-30.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$950.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">95.000%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">-40.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$850.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">85.000%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">-50.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$750.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">75.000%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">-60.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$650.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">65.000%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">-70.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$550.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">55.000%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">-80.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$450.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">45.000%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">-90.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$350.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">35.000%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">-100.00%</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$250.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">25.000%</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Example 1 &mdash;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>The value of the Underlier increases from the Initial Underlier Value to the Final Underlier Value by 2%.</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 14%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 26%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Underlier Return:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 60%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">2%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment at Maturity:</FONT></TD>
    <TD>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">$1,000 + ($1,000 &times; the lesser of (a) 2% &times;
    100% and (b) 28.75%)</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">= $1,000 + ($1,000 &times; the lesser of (a) 2%
    and (b) 28.75%)</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">= $1,000 + ($1,000 &times; 2%) = $1,000 + $20 =
    $1,020</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In this example, the payment at maturity is $1,020
    per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, for a return of 2%.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Because the Final Underlier Value is greater than
    the Initial Underlier Value, investors receive a return equal to 100% of the Underlier Return, subject to the Maximum Return of 28.75%.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 4; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 50%; font-size: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #17365D">P-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->4<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 50%; font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D">RBC Capital Markets, LLC</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #003260"><TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #B8C4D9"><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; padding-bottom: 6pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 6pt"> <P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D">Capped Return Buffer Notes Linked to<BR> the SPDR<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Gold Trust</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D"></P></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Example 2 &mdash;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>The value of the Underlier increases from the Initial Underlier Value to the Final Underlier Value by 40%, resulting in a return equal to the Maximum Return.</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 14%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 26%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Underlier Return:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 60%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">40%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment at Maturity:</FONT></TD>
    <TD>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">$1,000 + ($1,000 &times; the lesser of (a) 40%
    &times; 100% and (b) 28.75%)</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">= $1,000 + ($1,000 &times; the lesser of (a) 40%
    and (b) 28.75%)</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">= $1,000 + ($1,000 &times; 28.75%) = $1,000 + $287.50
    = $1,287.50</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In this example, the payment at maturity is $1,287.50
    per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, for a return of 28.75%, which is the Maximum Return.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This example illustrates that investors will not
    receive a return at maturity in excess of the Maximum Return. Accordingly, the return on the Notes may be less than the return of the
    Underlier.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Example 3 &mdash; </B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>The value of the Underlier decreases from the Initial Underlier Value to the Final Underlier Value by 10% (i.e., the Final Underlier Value is below the Initial Underlier Value but above the Buffer Value).</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 14%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 26%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Underlier Return:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 60%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">-10%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment at Maturity:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$1,000</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In this example, the payment at maturity is $1,000
    per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, for a return of 0%.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Because the Final Underlier Value is greater than
    the Buffer Value, investors receive a full return of the principal amount of their Notes.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Example 4 &mdash;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>The value of the Underlier decreases from the Initial Underlier Value to the Final Underlier Value by 50% (i.e., the Final Underlier Value is below the Buffer Value).</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 14%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 26%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Underlier Return:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 60%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">-50%</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">Payment at Maturity:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt">$1,000 + [$1,000 &times; (-50% + 25%)] = $1,000 &ndash; $250 = $750</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In this example, the payment at maturity is $750
    per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, representing a loss of 25% of the principal amount.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Because the Final Underlier Value is less than
    the Buffer Value, investors do not receive a full return of the principal amount of their Notes.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>Investors in the Notes could lose some or
a substantial portion of the principal amount of their Notes at maturity.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B></P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 5; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 50%; font-size: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #17365D">P-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->5<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 50%; font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D">RBC Capital Markets, LLC</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #003260"><TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #B8C4D9"><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; padding-bottom: 6pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 6pt"> <P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D">Capped Return Buffer Notes Linked to<BR> the SPDR<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Gold Trust</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D"></P></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: #17365D"><B>SELECTED RISK CONSIDERATIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: #17365D">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">An investment in the Notes involves significant
risks. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the Notes. Some of the risks
that apply to an investment in the Notes are summarized below, but we urge you to read also the &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; sections of
the accompanying prospectus, prospectus supplement and product supplement. You should not purchase the Notes unless you understand and
can bear the risks of investing in the Notes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Risks Relating to the Terms and Structure of
the Notes</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>You May Lose a Substantial Portion of the Principal
Amount at Maturity</B> &mdash; If the Final Underlier Value is less than the Buffer Value, you will lose 1% of the principal amount of
your Notes for each 1% that the Final Underlier Value is less than the Initial Underlier Value in excess of the Buffer Percentage. You
could lose some or a substantial portion of your principal amount at maturity.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Your Potential Return at Maturity Is Limited</B>
&mdash; Your return on the Notes will not exceed the Maximum Return, regardless of any appreciation in the value of the Underlier, which
may be significant. Accordingly, your return on the Notes may be less than your return would be if you made an investment in a security
directly linked to the positive performance of the Underlier.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>The Notes Do Not Pay Interest, and Your Return
on the Notes May Be Lower Than the Return on a Conventional Debt Security of Comparable Maturity</B> &mdash; There will be no periodic
interest payments on the Notes as there would be on a conventional fixed-rate or floating-rate debt security having the same maturity.
The return that you will receive on the Notes, which could be negative, may be less than the return you could earn on other investments.
Even if your return is positive, your return may be less than the return you would earn if you purchased one of our conventional senior
interest-bearing debt securities.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Payments on the Notes Are Subject to Our Credit
Risk, and Market Perceptions about Our Creditworthiness May Adversely Affect the Market Value of the Notes</B> &mdash; The Notes are our
senior unsecured debt securities, and your receipt of any amounts due on the Notes is dependent upon our ability to pay our obligations
as they come due. If we were to default on our payment obligations, you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the Notes and you
could lose your entire investment. In addition, any negative changes in market perceptions about our creditworthiness may adversely affect
the market value of the Notes.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Any Payment on the Notes Will Be Determined
Based on the Closing Values of the Underlier on the Dates Specified</B> &mdash; Any payment on the Notes will be determined based on the
closing values of the Underlier on the dates specified. You will not benefit from any more favorable value of the Underlier determined
at any other time.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>The U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of
an Investment in the Notes Are Uncertain</B> &mdash; There is no direct legal authority regarding the proper U.S. federal income tax treatment
of the Notes, and significant aspects of the tax treatment of the Notes are uncertain. Moreover, the Notes may be subject to the &ldquo;constructive
ownership&rdquo; regime, in which case certain adverse tax consequences may apply upon your disposition of a Note. You should review carefully
the section entitled &ldquo;United States Federal Income Tax Considerations&rdquo; herein, in combination with the section entitled &ldquo;United
States Federal Income Tax Considerations&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement, and consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S.
federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Notes.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Risks Relating to the Initial Estimated Value
of the Notes and the Secondary Market for the Notes</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>There May Not Be an Active Trading Market for
the Notes; Sales in the Secondary Market May Result in Significant Losses</B> &mdash; There may be little or no secondary market for the
Notes. The Notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. RBCCM and our other affiliates may make a market for the Notes; however,
they are not required to do so and, if they choose to do so, may stop any market-making activities at any time. Because other dealers
are not likely to make a secondary market for the Notes, the price at which you may be able to trade your Notes is likely to depend on
the price, if any, at which RBCCM or any of our other affiliates is willing to buy the Notes. Even if a secondary </FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 50%; font-size: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #17365D">P-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->6<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 50%; font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D">RBC Capital Markets, LLC</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #003260"><TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #B8C4D9"><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; padding-bottom: 6pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 6pt"> <P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D">Capped Return Buffer Notes Linked to<BR> the SPDR<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Gold Trust</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D"></P></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">market for the Notes develops, it may
not provide enough liquidity to allow you to easily trade or sell the Notes. We expect that transaction costs in any secondary market
would be high. As a result, the difference between bid and ask prices for your Notes in any secondary market could be substantial. If
you sell your Notes before maturity, you may have to do so at a substantial discount from the price that you paid for them, and as a result,
you may suffer significant losses. The Notes are not designed to be short-term trading instruments. Accordingly, you should be able and
willing to hold your Notes to maturity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>The Initial Estimated Value of the Notes Is
Less Than the Public Offering Price</B> &mdash; The initial estimated value of the Notes is less than the public offering price of the
Notes and does not represent a minimum price at which we, RBCCM or any of our other affiliates would be willing to purchase the Notes
in any secondary market (if any exists) at any time. If you attempt to sell the Notes prior to maturity, their market value may be lower
than the price you paid for them and the initial estimated value. This is due to, among other things, changes in the value of the Underlier,
the internal funding rate we pay to issue securities of this kind (which is lower than the rate at which we borrow funds by issuing conventional
fixed rate debt) and the inclusion in the public offering price of the underwriting discount, the referral fee, our estimated profit and
the estimated costs relating to our hedging of the Notes. These factors, together with various credit, market and economic factors over
the term of the Notes, are expected to reduce the price at which you may be able to sell the Notes in any secondary market and will affect
the value of the Notes in complex and unpredictable ways. Assuming no change in market conditions or any other relevant factors, the price,
if any, at which you may be able to sell your Notes prior to maturity may be less than your original purchase price, as any such sale
price would not be expected to include the underwriting discount, the referral fee, our estimated profit or the hedging costs relating
to the Notes. In addition, any price at which you may sell the Notes is likely to reflect customary bid-ask spreads for similar trades.
In addition to bid-ask spreads, the value of the Notes determined for any secondary market price is expected to be based on a secondary
market rate rather than the internal funding rate used to price the Notes and determine the initial estimated value. As a result, the
secondary market price will be less than if the internal funding rate were used.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>The Initial Estimated Value of the Notes Is
Only an Estimate, Calculated as of the Trade Date</B> &mdash; The initial estimated value of the Notes is based on the value of our obligation
to make the payments on the Notes, together with the mid-market value of the derivative embedded in the terms of the Notes. See &ldquo;Structuring
the Notes&rdquo; below. Our estimate is based on a variety of assumptions, including our internal funding rate (which represents a discount
from our credit spreads), expectations as to dividends, interest rates and volatility and the expected term of the Notes. These assumptions
are based on certain forecasts about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. Other entities may value the Notes or similar securities
at a price that is significantly different than we do.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">The value of the Notes at any time after
the Trade Date will vary based on many factors, including changes in market conditions, and cannot be predicted with accuracy. As a result,
the actual value you would receive if you sold the Notes in any secondary market, if any, should be expected to differ materially from
the initial estimated value of the Notes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest and
Our Trading Activities</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Our and Our Affiliates&rsquo; Business and
Trading Activities May Create Conflicts of Interest</B> &mdash; You should make your own independent investigation of the merits of investing
in the Notes. Our and our affiliates&rsquo; economic interests are potentially adverse to your interests as an investor in the Notes due
to our and our affiliates&rsquo; business and trading activities, and we and our affiliates have no obligation to consider your interests
in taking any actions that might affect the value of the Notes. Trading by us and our affiliates may adversely affect the value of the
Underlier and the market value of the Notes. See &ldquo;Risk Factors&mdash;Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest&rdquo; in the accompanying
product supplement.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>RBCCM&rsquo;s Role as Calculation Agent May
Create Conflicts of Interest</B> &mdash; As Calculation Agent, our affiliate, RBCCM, will determine any values of the Underlier and make
any other determinations necessary to calculate any payments on the Notes. In making these determinations, the Calculation Agent may be
required to make discretionary judgments, including those described under &ldquo;&mdash;Risks Relating to the Underlier&rdquo; below.
In making these discretionary judgments, the economic interests of the Calculation Agent are potentially adverse to your interests as
an investor in the Notes, and any of these determinations may adversely affect any payments on the Notes. The Calculation Agent will have
no obligation to consider your interests as an investor in the Notes in making any determinations with respect to the Notes.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="width: 50%; font-size: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #17365D">P-<!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->7<!-- Field: /Sequence --></FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 50%; font-size: 12pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D">RBC Capital Markets, LLC</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #003260"><TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #B8C4D9"><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; padding-bottom: 6pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 6pt"> <P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D">Capped Return Buffer Notes Linked to<BR> the SPDR<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Gold Trust</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D"></P></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Risks Relating to the Underlier</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>You Will Not Have Any Rights to the Underlier
or the Gold Held by the Underlier</B> &mdash; As an investor in the Notes, you will not have voting rights or any other rights with respect
to the Underlier or the gold held by the Underlier.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Investing in the Notes Linked to the Underlier
Is Not the Same as Investing Directly in Gold </B>&mdash; The performance of the Underlier will not exactly replicate the performance
of gold. The Underlier is subject to management risk, which is the risk that the investment strategy for the Underlier, the implementation
of which is subject to a number of constraints, may not produce the intended results. The Underlier does not generate any income, and
because it regularly sells gold to pay for its ongoing expenses, the amount of gold represented by each share of the Underlier will gradually
decline over time. Additionally, there is a risk that part or all of the Underlier&rsquo;s holding in gold could be lost, damaged or stolen,
and access to gold could be restricted due to war, terrorism, theft, natural disaster or otherwise. In addition, because the shares of
the Underlier are traded on a securities exchange and are subject to market supply and investor demand, the market value of one share
of the Underlier may differ from the net asset value per share of the Underlier.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">The performance of the Underlier may
diverge significantly from the performance of gold due to differences in trading hours between the Underlier and gold or other circumstances.
During periods of market volatility, gold may be unavailable in the secondary market, market participants may be unable to calculate accurately
the intraday net asset value per share of the Underlier and the liquidity of the Underlier may be adversely affected. This kind of market
volatility may also disrupt the ability of market participants to create and redeem shares in the Underlier. Further, market volatility
may adversely affect, sometimes materially, the prices at which market participants are willing to buy and sell shares of the Underlier.
As a result, under these circumstances, the market value of the Underlier may vary substantially from the net asset value per share. For
all of the foregoing reasons, the performance of the Underlier may not correlate with gold as well as its net asset value per share of
the Underlier.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>The Notes Are Subject to Risks Associated with
Gold</B> &mdash; The investment objective of the Underlier is to reflect the performance of the price of gold bullion, less the expenses
of the Underlier&rsquo;s operations. The market for gold bullion is global, and gold prices are subject to volatile price movements over
short periods of time and are affected by numerous factors, including global demand for and supply of gold and macroeconomic factors,
such as the structure of and confidence in the global monetary system, expectations regarding the future rate of inflation, the relative
strength of, and confidence in, the U.S. dollar (the currency in which the price of gold is usually quoted), interest rates, gold borrowing
and lending rates and global or regional economic, financial, political, regulatory, judicial or other events. Gold prices may be affected
by industry factors, such as industrial and jewelry demand as well as lending, sales and purchases of gold by the official sector, including
central banks and other governmental agencies and multilateral institutions that hold gold. Additionally, gold prices may be affected
by levels of gold production, production costs and short-term changes in supply and demand due to trading activities in the gold market.
From time to time, above-ground inventories of gold may also influence the market. Gold prices may also be affected by any gold pricing
or auction methodologies used widely by the market, which methodologies may change from time to time. It is not possible to predict the
aggregate effect of all or any combination of these factors. The price of gold has recently been, and may continue to be, extremely volatile.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Any Payment on the Notes May Be Postponed and
Adversely Affected by the Occurrence of a Market Disruption Event</B> &mdash; The timing and amount of any payment on the Notes is subject
to adjustment upon the occurrence of a market disruption event affecting the Underlier. If a market disruption event persists for a sustained
period, the Calculation Agent may make a discretionary determination of the closing value of the Underlier. See &ldquo;General Terms of
the Notes&mdash;Reference Stocks and Funds&mdash;Market Disruption Events,&rdquo; &ldquo;General Terms of the Notes&mdash;Postponement
of a Determination Date&rdquo; and &ldquo;General Terms of the Notes&mdash;Postponement of a Payment Date&rdquo; in the accompanying product
supplement.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Adjustments to the Underlier Could Adversely
Affect Any Payments on the Notes</B> &mdash; The investment adviser of the Underlier may make changes to its investment strategy at any
time. This could adversely affect the value of the Underlier and, consequently, the value of the Notes.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #003260"><TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #B8C4D9"><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; padding-bottom: 6pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 6pt"> <P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D">Capped Return Buffer Notes Linked to<BR> the SPDR<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Gold Trust</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D"></P></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Anti-dilution Protection Is Limited, and the
Calculation Agent Has Discretion to Make Anti-dilution Adjustments</B> &mdash; The Calculation Agent may in its sole discretion make adjustments
affecting any amounts payable on the Notes upon the occurrence of certain events with respect to the Underlier that the Calculation Agent
determines have a diluting or concentrative effect on the theoretical value of the Underlier. However, the Calculation Agent might not
make adjustments in response to all such events that could affect the Underlier. The occurrence of any such event and any adjustment made
by the Calculation Agent (or a determination by the Calculation Agent not to make any adjustment) may adversely affect the market price
of, and any amounts payable on, the Notes. See &ldquo;General Terms of the Notes&mdash;Reference Stocks and Funds&mdash;Anti-dilution
Adjustments&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif"><B>Reorganization or Other Events Could Adversely
Affect the Value of the Notes or Result in the Notes Being Accelerated</B> &mdash; If the Underlier is delisted or terminated, the Calculation
Agent may select a successor fund. In addition, upon the occurrence of certain reorganization or other events affecting the Underlier,
the Calculation Agent may make adjustments that result in payments on the Notes being based on the performance of (i) cash, securities
of another issuer and/or other property distributed to holders of the Underlier upon the occurrence of that event or (ii) in the case
of a reorganization event in which only cash is distributed to holders of the Underlier, a substitute security, if the Calculation Agent
elects to select one. Any of these actions could adversely affect the value of the Underlier and, consequently, the value of the Notes.
Alternatively, the Calculation Agent may accelerate the Maturity Date for a payment determined by the Calculation Agent. Any amount payable
upon acceleration could be significantly less than any amount that would be due on the Notes if they were not accelerated. However, if
the Calculation Agent elects not to accelerate the Notes, the value of, and any amount payable on, the Notes could be adversely affected,
perhaps significantly. See &ldquo;General Terms of the Notes&mdash;Reference Stocks and Funds&mdash;Anti-dilution Adjustments&mdash;Reorganization
Events&rdquo; and &ldquo;General Terms of the Notes&mdash;Reference Stocks and Funds&mdash;Discontinuation of, or Adjustments to, a Fund&rdquo;
in the accompanying product supplement.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #003260"><TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #B8C4D9"><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; padding-bottom: 6pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 6pt"> <P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D">Capped Return Buffer Notes Linked to<BR> the SPDR<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Gold Trust</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D"></P></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: #17365D"><B>INFORMATION REGARDING THE UNDERLIER</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: #17365D">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">According to publicly available information, the
Underlier is an investment trust sponsored by World Gold Trust Services, LLC, whose investment objective is to reflect the performance
of the price of gold bullion, less expenses. The Underlier holds gold bars and from time to time, issues blocks of shares in exchange
for deposits of gold and distributes gold in connection with the redemption of blocks of shares. For more information about the Underlier,
see &ldquo;Exchange-Traded Funds &mdash; The SPDR<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Gold Trust&rdquo; in the accompanying underlying supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Historical Information</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following graph sets forth historical closing
values of the Underlier for the period from January 1, 2015 to December 17, 2025. The red line represents the Buffer Value. We obtained
the information in the graph from Bloomberg Financial Markets, without independent investigation. <B>We cannot give you assurance that
the performance of the Underlier will result in the return of all of your initial investment.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SPDR<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Gold Trust</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; font-size: 10pt"><IMG SRC="image_002.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="height: 352px; width: 553px"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><I>PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE
RESULTS.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #003260"><TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #B8C4D9"><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; padding-bottom: 6pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 6pt"> <P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D">Capped Return Buffer Notes Linked to<BR> the SPDR<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Gold Trust</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D"></P></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: #17365D"><B>UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME
TAX CONSIDERATIONS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: #17365D">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should review carefully the section in the
accompanying product supplement entitled &ldquo;United States Federal Income Tax Considerations.&rdquo; The following discussion, when
read in combination with that section, constitutes the full opinion of our counsel, Davis Polk &amp; Wardwell LLP, regarding the material
U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of the Notes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Generally, this discussion assumes that you purchased
the Notes for cash in the original issuance at the stated issue price and does not address other circumstances specific to you, including
consequences that may arise due to any other investments relating to the Underlier. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the
effect any such circumstances may have on the U.S. federal income tax consequences of your ownership of a Note.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In the opinion of our counsel, it is reasonable
to treat the Notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes as prepaid financial contracts that are &ldquo;open transactions,&rdquo; as described
in the section entitled &ldquo;United States Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders&mdash;Notes Treated
as Prepaid Financial Contracts that are Open Transactions&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement. There is uncertainty regarding
this treatment, and the Internal Revenue Service (the &ldquo;IRS&rdquo;) or a court might not agree with it. A different tax treatment
could be adverse to you. Generally, if this treatment is respected, subject to the potential application of the &ldquo;constructive ownership&rdquo;
regime discussed below, (i) you should not recognize taxable income or loss prior to the taxable disposition of your Notes (including
upon maturity or an earlier redemption, if applicable) and (ii) the gain or loss on your Notes should be treated as short-term capital
gain or loss unless you have held the Notes for more than one year, in which case your gain or loss should be treated as long-term capital
gain or loss.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Even if the treatment of the Notes as prepaid financial
contracts is respected, purchasing a Note could be treated as entering into a &ldquo;constructive ownership transaction&rdquo; within
the meaning of Section 1260 of the Internal Revenue Code (&ldquo;Section 1260&rdquo;). In that case, all or a portion of any long-term
capital gain you would otherwise recognize upon the taxable disposition of the Note would be recharacterized as ordinary income to the
extent such gain exceeded the &ldquo;net underlying long-term capital gain&rdquo; as defined in Section 1260. Any long-term capital gain
recharacterized as ordinary income would be treated as accruing at a constant rate over the period you held the Note, and you would be
subject to a notional interest charge in respect of the deemed tax liability on the income treated as accruing in prior tax years. In
addition, long-term capital gain that you would otherwise recognize in respect of your Notes up to the amount of the &ldquo;net underlying
long-term capital gain&rdquo; could, if you are an individual or other non-corporate investor, be subject to tax at the higher rates applicable
to &ldquo;collectibles&rdquo; instead of the general rates that apply to long-term capital gain. Due to the lack of direct legal authority,
our counsel is unable to opine as to whether or how Section 1260 applies to the Notes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We do not plan to request a ruling from the IRS
regarding the treatment of the Notes. An alternative characterization of the Notes could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences
of ownership and disposition of the Notes, including the timing and character of income recognized. In particular, there is a risk that
the Notes could be characterized as debt instruments for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in which case the tax consequences of an investment
in the Notes could be different from those described herein and possibly adverse to certain investors. In addition, the U.S. Treasury
Department and the IRS have requested comments on various issues regarding the U.S. federal income tax treatment of &ldquo;prepaid forward
contracts&rdquo; and similar financial instruments and have indicated that such transactions may be the subject of future regulations
or other guidance. Furthermore, members of Congress have proposed legislative changes to the tax treatment of derivative contracts. Any
legislation, Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect
the tax consequences of an investment in the Notes, possibly with retroactive effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Non-U.S. Holders.</B> As discussed under &ldquo;United
States Federal Income Tax Considerations&mdash;Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders&mdash;Dividend Equivalents under Section 871(m) of
the Code&rdquo; in the accompanying product supplement, Section 871(m) of the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury regulations promulgated
thereunder (&ldquo;Section 871(m)&rdquo;) generally impose a 30% withholding tax on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S.
Holders with respect to certain financial instruments linked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. The Treasury regulations,
as modified by an IRS notice, exempt financial instruments issued prior to January 1, 2027 that do not have a &ldquo;delta&rdquo; of one.
Based on</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #003260"><TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #B8C4D9"><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; padding-bottom: 6pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 6pt"> <P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D">Capped Return Buffer Notes Linked to<BR> the SPDR<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Gold Trust</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D"></P></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">certain determinations made by us, our counsel
is of the opinion that Section 871(m) should not apply to the Notes with regard to Non-U.S. Holders. Our determination is not binding
on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this determination.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We will not be required to pay any additional amounts
with respect to U.S. federal withholding taxes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">You should consult your tax adviser regarding the
U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Notes, including possible alternative treatments and the potential application
of the &ldquo;constructive ownership&rdquo; regime, as well as tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S.
taxing jurisdiction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: #17365D"><B>SUPPLEMENTAL PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
(CONFLICTS OF INTEREST)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: #17365D">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Notes are offered initially to investors at
a purchase price equal to par, except with respect to certain accounts as indicated on the cover page of this pricing supplement. We or
one of our affiliates may pay the underwriting discount and may pay a broker-dealer that is not affiliated with us a referral fee, in
each case as set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The value of the Notes shown on your account statement
may be based on RBCCM&rsquo;s estimate of the value of the Notes if RBCCM or another of our affiliates were to make a market in the Notes
(which it is not obligated to do). That estimate will be based on the price that RBCCM may pay for the Notes in light of then-prevailing
market conditions, our creditworthiness and transaction costs. For a period of approximately six months after the Issue Date, the value
of the Notes that may be shown on your account statement may be higher than RBCCM&rsquo;s estimated value of the Notes at that time. This
is because the estimated value of the Notes will not include the underwriting discount, the referral fee or our hedging costs and profits;
however, the value of the Notes shown on your account statement during that period may initially be a higher amount, reflecting the addition
of the underwriting discount, the referral fee and our estimated costs and profits from hedging the Notes. This excess is expected to
decrease over time until the end of this period. After this period, if RBCCM repurchases your Notes, it expects to do so at prices that
reflect their estimated value.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">RBCCM or another of its affiliates or agents may
use this pricing supplement in the initial sale of the Notes. In addition, RBCCM or another of our affiliates may use this pricing supplement
in a market-making transaction in the Notes after their initial sale. <B><I>Unless we or our agent informs the purchaser otherwise in
the confirmation of sale, this pricing supplement is being used in a market-making transaction.</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For additional information about the settlement
cycle of the Notes, see &ldquo;Plan of Distribution&rdquo; in the accompanying prospectus. For additional information as to the relationship
between us and RBCCM, see the section &ldquo;Plan of Distribution&mdash;Conflicts of Interest&rdquo; in the accompanying prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: #17365D"><B>STRUCTURING THE NOTES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: #17365D">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Notes are our debt securities. As is the case
for all of our debt securities, including our structured notes, the economic terms of the Notes reflect our actual or perceived creditworthiness.
In addition, because structured notes result in increased operational, funding and liability management costs to us, we typically borrow
the funds under structured notes at a rate that is lower than the rate that we might pay for a conventional fixed or floating rate debt
security of comparable maturity. The lower internal funding rate, the underwriting discount, the referral fee and the hedging-related
costs relating to the Notes reduce the economic terms of the Notes to you and result in the initial estimated value for the Notes being
less than their public offering price. Unlike the initial estimated value, any value of the Notes determined for purposes of a secondary
market transaction may be based on a secondary market rate, which may result in a lower value for the Notes than if our initial internal
funding rate were used.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In order to satisfy our payment obligations under
the Notes, we may choose to enter into certain hedging arrangements (which may include call options, put options or other derivatives)
with RBCCM and/or one of our other subsidiaries. The terms of these hedging arrangements take into account a number of factors, including
our creditworthiness, interest rate movements, volatility and the tenor of the Notes. The economic terms of the Notes and the initial
estimated value depend in part on the terms of these hedging arrangements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 12; Value: 2 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 6pt"><TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #003260"><TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: #B8C4D9"><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; padding-bottom: 6pt">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-top: 6pt; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 6pt"> <P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 12pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; color: #17365D">Capped Return Buffer Notes Linked to<BR> the SPDR<SUP>&reg;</SUP> Gold Trust</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; color: #17365D"></P></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">See &ldquo;Selected Risk Considerations&mdash;Risks
Relating to the Initial Estimated Value of the Notes and the Secondary Market for the Notes&mdash;The Initial Estimated Value of the Notes
Is Less Than the Public Offering Price&rdquo; above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: #17365D"><B>VALIDITY OF THE NOTES</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; color: #17365D">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In the opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright Canada
LLP, as Canadian counsel to the Bank, the issue and sale of the Notes has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the
Bank in conformity with the indenture, and when the Notes have been duly executed, authenticated and issued in accordance with the indenture
and delivered against payment therefor, the Notes will be validly issued and, to the extent validity of the Notes is a matter governed
by the laws of the Province of Ontario or Qu&eacute;bec, or the federal laws of Canada applicable therein, will be valid obligations of
the Bank, subject to the following limitations: (i) the enforceability of the indenture may be limited by the Canada Deposit Insurance
Corporation Act (Canada), the Winding-up and Restructuring Act (Canada) and bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, receivership, moratorium,
arrangement or winding-up laws or other similar laws of general application affecting the enforcement of creditors&rsquo; rights generally;
(ii) the enforceability of the indenture is subject to general equitable principles, including the principle that the availability of
equitable remedies, such as specific performance and injunction, may only be granted at the discretion of a court of competent jurisdiction;
(iii) under applicable limitations statutes generally, including that the enforceability of the indenture will be subject to the limitations
contained in the Limitations Act, 2002 (Ontario), and such counsel expresses no opinion as to whether a court may find any provision of
the indenture to be unenforceable as an attempt to vary or exclude a limitation period under such applicable limitations statutes; (iv)
rights to indemnity and contribution under the Notes or the indenture which may be limited by applicable law; and (v) courts in Canada
are precluded from giving a judgment in any currency other than the lawful money of Canada and such judgment may be based on a rate of
exchange in existence on a day other than the day of payment, as prescribed by the Currency Act (Canada). This opinion is given as of
the date hereof and is limited to the laws of the Provinces of Ontario and Qu&eacute;bec and the federal laws of Canada applicable therein.
In addition, this opinion is subject to customary assumptions about the trustee&rsquo;s authorization, execution and delivery of the indenture
and the genuineness of signatures and to such counsel&rsquo;s reliance on the Bank and other sources as to certain factual matters, all
as stated in the opinion letter of such counsel dated December 20, 2023, which has been filed as Exhibit 5.3 to the Bank&rsquo;s Form
6-K filed with the SEC dated December 20, 2023. References to the &ldquo;indenture&rdquo; in this paragraph mean the Indenture as defined
in the opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP dated December 20, 2023, as further amended and supplemented by the sixth supplemental
indenture dated as of July 23, 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In the opinion of Davis Polk &amp; Wardwell LLP,
as special United States products counsel to the Bank, when the Notes offered by this pricing supplement have been issued by the Bank
pursuant to the indenture, the trustee has made, in accordance with the indenture, the appropriate notation to the master note evidencing
such Notes (the &ldquo;master note&rdquo;), and such Notes have been delivered against payment as contemplated herein, such Notes will
be valid and binding obligations of the Bank, enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency
and similar laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability
(including, without limitation, concepts of good faith, fair dealing and the lack of bad faith) and possible judicial or regulatory actions
or applications giving effect to governmental actions or foreign laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights, <I>provided </I>that such counsel
expresses no opinion as to (i) the enforceability of any waiver of rights under any usury or stay law or (ii) the effect of fraudulent
conveyance, fraudulent transfer or similar provision of applicable law on the conclusions expressed above. This opinion is given as of
the date hereof and is limited to the laws of the State of New York. Insofar as the foregoing opinion involves matters governed by the
laws of the Provinces of Ontario and Qu&eacute;bec and the federal laws of Canada, you have received, and we understand that you are relying
upon, the opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP, Canadian counsel for the Bank, set forth above. In addition, this opinion is subject
to customary assumptions about the trustee&rsquo;s authorization, execution and delivery of the indenture and the authentication of the
master note and the validity, binding nature and enforceability of the indenture with respect to the trustee, all as stated in the opinion
of Davis Polk &amp; Wardwell LLP dated May 16, 2024, which has been filed as an exhibit to the Bank&rsquo;s Form 6-K filed with the SEC
on May 16, 2024. References to the &ldquo;indenture&rdquo; in this paragraph mean the Indenture as defined in the opinion of Davis Polk
&amp; Wardwell LLP dated May 16, 2024, as further amended and supplemented by the sixth supplemental indenture dated as of July 23, 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Submission<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 19, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissionLineItems', window );"><strong>Submission [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001000275<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">ROYAL BANK OF CANADA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_RegnFileNb', window );">Registration File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">333-275898<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FormTp', window );">Form Type</a></td>
<td class="text">F-3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissnTp', window );">Submission Type</a></td>
<td class="text">424B2<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp', window );">Fee Exhibit Type</a></td>
<td class="text">EX-FILING FEES<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTableNa', window );">Offering Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetTableNa', window );">Offset Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa', window );">Combined Prospectus Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeExhibitTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:feeExhibitTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FormTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FormTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_RegnFileNb">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_RegnFileNb</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_SubmissionLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_SubmissionLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_SubmissnTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_SubmissnTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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</div>
</body>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>R2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fees Summary<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 19, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems', window );"><strong>Fees Summary [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_NrrtvMaxAggtOfferingPric', window );">Narrative - Max Aggregate Offering Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,198,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FnlPrspctsFlg', window );">Final Prospectus</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeesSummaryLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FnlPrspctsFlg">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FnlPrspctsFlg</td>
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