The sponsored investment products that we consolidate in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are generally those products we provided initial seed capital at the time of their formation and have a controlling interest. Our U.S. mutual funds and certain other sponsored products are considered voting interest entities, while those regulated outside the U.S. are considered variable interest entities.


	3/31/2023						12/31/2022
(in millions)	Voting interest entities		Variable interest entities		Total		Voting interest entities		Variable interest entities		Total
Cash and cash equivalents(1)	$	8.2	$	83.9	$	92.1	$	16.2	$	102.9	$	119.1
Investments(2)	218.4		1,464.0		1,682.4		205.3		1,255.5		1,460.8
Other assets	5.5		40.9		46.4		6.3		17.2		23.5
Total assets	232.1		1,588.8		1,820.9		227.8		1,375.6		1,603.4
Liabilities	45.4		66.0		111.4		50.0		39.1		89.1
Net assets	$	186.7	$	1,522.8	$	1,709.5	$	177.8	$	1,336.5	$	1,514.3

Attributable to T. Rowe Price Group	$	145.1	$	730.3	$	875.4	$	142.4	$	715.2	$	857.6
Attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests	41.6		792.5		834.1		35.4		621.3		656.7
	$	186.7	$	1,522.8	$	1,709.5	$	177.8	$	1,336.5	$	1,514.3

(1) Cash and cash equivalents includes $.9 million at March 31, 2023, and $2.6 million at December 31, 2022, of investments in T. Rowe Price money market mutual funds.

Although we can redeem our interest in these consolidated sponsored investment products at any time, we cannot directly access or sell the assets held by these products to obtain cash for general operations. Additionally, the assets of these investment products are not available to our general creditors.

Since third party investors in these investment products have no recourse to our credit, our overall risk related to the net assets of consolidated sponsored investment products is limited to valuation changes associated with our interest. We, however, are required to recognize the valuation changes associated with all underlying investments held by these products in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income and disclose the portion attributable to third party investors as net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests.

The operating results of the consolidated sponsored investment products for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, are reflected in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income as follows:


	Three months ended
	3/31/2023						3/31/2022
(in millions)	Voting interest entities		Variable interest entities		Total		Voting interest entities		Variable interest entities		Total
Operating expenses reflected in net operating income	$	(1.7)	$	(2.3)	$	(4.0)	$	(.2)	$	(2.3)	$	(2.5)
Net investment income (loss) reflected in non-operating income	6.9		38.9		45.8		(6.6)		(94.8)		(101.4)
Impact on income before taxes	$	5.2	$	36.6	$	41.8	$	(6.8)	$	(97.1)	$	(103.9)

Net income (loss) attributable to T. Rowe Price Group	$	3.7	$	17.9	$	21.6	$	(4.7)	$	(45.7)	$	(50.4)
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests	1.5		18.7		20.2		(2.1)		(51.4)		(53.5)
	$	5.2	$	36.6	$	41.8	$	(6.8)	$	(97.1)	$	(103.9)

The operating expenses of the consolidated investment products are reflected in general, administrative and other expenses. In preparing our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, we eliminated operating expenses of $0.6 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, against the investment advisory and administrative fees earned from these products. The net investment income (loss) reflected in non-operating income (loss) includes dividend and interest income as well as realized and unrealized gains and losses on the underlying securities held by the consolidated sponsored investment products.

The table below details the impact of these consolidated investment products on the individual lines of our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.


	Three months ended
	3/31/2023						3/31/2022
(in millions)	Voting interest entities		Variable interest entities		Total		Voting interest entities		Variable interest entities		Total
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	(12.4)	$	(147.2)	$	(159.6)	$	(2.6)	$	88.2	$	85.6
Net cash used in investing activities	—		(2.5)		(2.5)		—		(5.9)		(5.9)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	4.4		129.2		133.6		4.9		(95.9)		(91.0)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents of consolidated T. Rowe Price investment products	—		1.5		1.5		—		(2.7)		(2.7)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents during period	(8.0)		(19.0)		(27.0)		2.3		(16.3)		(14.0)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	16.2		102.9		119.1		7.3		93.8		101.1
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	8.2	$	83.9	$	92.1	$	9.6	$	77.5	$	87.1

The net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 includes $4.4 million and $35.1 million, respectively, of net redemptions we received from the consolidated sponsored investment products, including dividends. These cash flows were eliminated in consolidation.

We determine the fair value of investments held by consolidated sponsored investment products using the following broad levels of inputs as defined by related accounting standards:

Level 2 – observable inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices including, but not limited to, quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, and credit risk. These inputs are based on market data obtained from independent sources.

These levels are not necessarily an indication of the risk or liquidity associated with these investment holdings. The following table summarizes the investment holdings held by our consolidated sponsored investment products using fair value measurements determined based on the differing levels of inputs.


	3/31/2023						12/31/2022
(in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	.9	$	—	$	—	$	4.4	$	20.6	$	—
Equity securities	159.5		159.7		—		136.7		167.8		—
Fixed income securities	—		1,261.6		—		—		1,051.1		—
Other investments	1.1		24.7		75.8		3.3		30.1		71.8
	$	161.5	$	1,446.0	$	75.8	$	144.4	$	1,269.6	$	71.8

Liabilities	$	(3.5)	$	(17.0)	$	—	$	(.9)	$	(19.1)	$	—

The fair value of Level 3 investments held by consolidated sponsored investment products is derived from inputs that are unobservable and which reflect the company's own determinations about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the investments, including assumptions about risk. These inputs are developed based on the company's own data, which is adjusted if information indicates that market participants would use different assumptions. There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Fair value measurements as of March 31, 2023

(in millions)

Fair value

Valuation techniques

Unobservable inputs

Ranges

Other investments

75.8

Market Yield (Comparables)

Yield

9.5% - 12.2%

Fair value measurements as of December 31, 2022