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REVENUE
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Revenues [Abstract]  
REVENUE REVENUE
Production Sharing Contracts
Exploration and production activities of our assets in Gabon, Egypt, Cote d'Ivoire, and Equatorial Guinea are generally governed by PSCs.
Our oil entitlement under the PSCs is generally the sum of cost oil, profit oil and excess cost oil, if applicable. Under the terms of the PSCs, the Company is typically the contractor partner (“Contractor”) and bears the risk and cost of exploration, development, and production activities. In return, if exploration is successful, the Contractor receives entitlement to variable physical volumes of hydrocarbons, representing recovery of the costs incurred (“Cost Oil”) and a stipulated share of production after cost recovery (“Profit Oil”).
The Contractor may be obligated to make royalty payments to the host government of each country using a variable percentage based on gross daily production levels. The remaining oil production, after deducting the gross royalty, if any, is split between Cost Oil and Profit Oil. Cost Oil is up to a maximum percentage and is allocated to recover approved operating and capital costs spent on specific projects. Excess Cost Oil, which is Cost Oil less the actual cost recovery, is further shared between the host government and the Contractor. Except as otherwise disclosed, all crude oil sales are priced at current market rates at the time of sale.
Our share of royalties is paid out of the government's share of production. Additionally, the income tax to which the Contractor is subject to (“Profit Oil Tax”), is deemed to have been paid to the host government as part of the payment of Profit Oil or is captured in the entitled share of Profit Oil production paid in-kind to the host government, and therefore no additional tax burden is due. Under this arrangement taxation is based on a set percentage of average daily production volume.
Gabon
Revenues from contracts with customers are generated from sales in Gabon pursuant to crude oil sales and purchase agreements (“COSPAs”) or crude oil sales and marketing agreements (“COSMA or COSMAs”). Except for internal costs, which are expensed as incurred, there are no upfront costs associated with obtaining a new COSPA or COSMA.
Customer sales generally occur on a monthly basis when the customer’s tanker arrives at the FPSO or FSO and the crude oil is delivered to the tanker through a connection. There is a single performance obligation (delivering crude oil to the delivery point, i.e. the connection to the customer’s crude oil tanker) that gives rise to revenue recognition at the point in time when the performance obligation event takes place. This is referred to as a “lifting”. Liftings can take one to two days to complete.
The Company accounts for sales based on the Company’s working interest, less royalties. Imbalances are valued based on the actual sales proceeds. Historically as operator, the volumes sold may be more or less than the volumes that the Company is entitled based on the ownership interest in the property, and the Company would recognize a liability if the volumes sold exceeded the Company’s ownership interest.
For each lifting completed under a COSPA or COSMA, payment is made by the customer in U.S. dollars by electronic transfer 30 days after the date of the bill of lading. For each lifting of crude oil, pricing is based upon an average of Dated Brent in the month of lifting, adjusted for location and market factors.
The terms of the Etame PSC includes provisions for payments to the government of Gabon for: royalties based on 13% of production at the published price and a shared portion of Profit Oil determined based on daily production rates, as well as a gross carried working interest of 7.5% (increasing to 10% beginning June 20, 2026) for all costs. For both royalties and Profit Oil, the Etame PSC provides that the government of Gabon may settle these obligations in-kind, i.e. taking crude oil barrels, rather than with cash payments.
To date, the government of Gabon has not elected to take its royalties in-kind, and this obligation is settled through a monthly cash payment. Payments for royalties are reflected as a reduction in revenues from customers.
With respect to the government’s share of Profit Oil, the Etame PSC provides that corporate income tax is satisfied through the payment of Profit Oil. In the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), the government’s share of revenues from Profit Oil is reported in revenues with a corresponding amount reflected in the current provision for income tax expense. The amount associated with the Profit Oil under the terms of the Etame PSC is reflected as revenue with an offsetting amount reported in current income tax expense. Payments of the income tax expense are reported in the period that the government takes its Profit Oil in-kind, which is the period in which it lifts the crude oil. In 2024, an in-kind payment of $30.3 million was made with the May 2024 lifting. The Company has a $40.0 foreign income tax payable as of December 31, 2024. In the prior year, an in-kind payment of $32.8 million was made with the November 2023 lifting. As of December 31, 2023, there was a foreign income tax payable of $18.9 million.
Certain amounts associated with the carried interest in the Etame Marin block are reported as revenues. In this carried interest arrangement, the carrying parties, which include the Company and other working interest owners, are obligated to fund all of the working interest costs that would otherwise be the obligation of the carried party. The carrying parties recoup these funds from the carried interest party’s revenues.
The following table presents revenues in Gabon from contracts with customers as well as revenues associated with the obligations under the Etame PSC:
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
Revenues from customer contracts:(in thousands)
Sales under the COSPA or COSMA$205,965 $261,801 $320,522 
Other items reported in revenue not associated with customer contracts:   
Gabonese government share of Profit Oil taken in-kind30,256 32,776 26,257 
Carried interest recoupment2,276 5,301 5,843 
Royalties(32,543)(39,532)(45,847)
Net revenues$205,954 $260,346 $306,775 
Egypt
Revenues from sales in Egypt are generally made through direct sales to EGPC or through contracts with customers pursuant to crude oil sales and purchase agreements (“COSPAs”) or crude oil sales and marketing agreements (“COSMA or COSMAs”). EGPC and the Company each own a 50% interest, respectively, in the operating company which is a party to the Merged Concession Agreement. EGPC and the Company each also own a 50% interest, respectively, in the operating company that is a party to the South Ghazalat concession agreement.
Customer sales generally occur when sales are directly to EGPC or haphazardly production is sold through a cargo lifting. The Company records EGPC’s share of production as royalties which are netted against revenue, whether EGPC’s share of production arises from EGPC’s share of Profit Oil or excess Cost Oil.
With respect to Egyptian income taxes, these taxes are paid by EGPC on behalf of the Company out of EGPC’s share of production entitlement. The income taxes paid to the Arab Republic of Egypt on behalf of the Company are recognized as crude oil revenue and income tax expense for reporting purposes.
EGPC owns the storage and export facilities where the Company's production is delivered and the Company requires EGPC cooperation and approval to schedule liftings. Once liftings occur, the Company has a 30-day collection cycle on liftings as a result of direct marketing to international purchasers. Depending on the Company's assessment of the credit of crude oil cargo buyers, they may be required to post irrevocable letters of credit to support the sales prior to the cargo liftings. Direct sales to EGPC are normally settled two to four weeks from delivery.
In some instances, the Company will borrow or loan production volumes in order to achieve a required amount of crude oil for cargo sales. In these instances, the Company can be in an overlift or underlift position. Regardless of being in an over lift or underlift position, sales are based on the Company’s working interest, less royalties. Imbalances are valued based on the actual sales proceeds and the Company will record a payable, if in an overlift position, or a receivable, if in an underlift position, based on the fair value of the consideration received or receivable.
The following table presents revenues in Egypt from contracts with customers:
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
Revenues from customer contracts:(in thousands)
Gross sales$250,946 $272,613 $56,452 
Royalties(104,449)(110,569)(18,742)
Selling costs(531)(995)— 
Net revenues$145,966 $161,049 $37,710 
Canada
Customer sales generally occur on a daily basis when crude oil, natural gas, condensate or NGL’s are sold, normally via pipeline, to a delivery point. There is a single performance obligation (delivering crude oil, natural gas, condensate or NGL’s to the delivery point) that gives rise to revenue recognition at the point in time when the performance obligation
event takes place. VAALCO pays royalties to the Alberta provincial government and other mineral rights owners in accordance with the established royalty regime. For reporting purposes, the Company records revenues net of royalties.
Settlement of accounts receivable in Canada occur on the 25th of the following month following production.
The following table presents revenues in Canada from contracts with customers:
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
Revenues from customer contracts:(in thousands)
Oil revenue$28,418 $28,287 $7,362 
Gas revenue1,849 3,467 1,340 
NGL revenue7,646 8,440 2,235 
Other revenue213 — 41 
Royalties(5,009)(5,821)(1,137)
Selling costs(1,131)(702)— 
Net revenues$31,986 $33,671 $9,841 
Cote d'Ivoire

The Company owns a 27.39% non-operated working interest in the deepwater producing Baobab field in Block CI-40, offshore Cote d’Ivoire in West Africa. Production generated from the Baobab field is shared under a PSC (the “Cote d'Ivoire PSC”).
Revenues from contracts with customers are generated from sales in Cote d'Ivoire pursuant to crude oil sales and purchase agreements and revenues are recognized when a lifting, as defined below, is completed.
Customer sales generally occur on a monthly basis when the customer’s tanker arrives at the FPSO and the crude oil is delivered to the tanker through a connection. There is a single performance obligation (delivering crude oil to the delivery point, i.e. the connection to the customer’s crude oil tanker) that gives rise to revenue recognition at the point in time when the performance obligation event takes place. This is referred to as a “lifting”. Liftings can take one to two days to complete.
The Company accounts for sales based on the Company’s working interest, less royalties. Imbalances are valued based on the actual sales proceeds. The volumes sold may be more or less than the volumes that the Company is entitled based on the ownership interest in the property, and the Company would recognize a liability if the volumes sold exceeded the Company’s ownership interest.
For each lifting completed under the sales and purchase agreement, payment is made by the customer in U.S. dollars by electronic transfer 30 days after the date of the bill of lading. For each lifting of crude oil, pricing is based upon an average of Dated Brent in the month of lifting, adjusted for location and market factors.

Cost Oil allows the Company to recover its capital and production costs and the costs carried by the Company on behalf of the government state oil company. Profit oil is allocated to the joint venture partners in accordance with their respective equity interests, after a portion has been allocated to the government of Cote d'Ivoire (the “Ivorian Government”). The Ivorian Governments’ share of Profit oil attributable to the Company’s equity interest is reported in revenues with a corresponding amount reflected in the current provision for income tax expense. In addition, under the terms of the Cote d'Ivoire PSC, the tax payments to the Ivorian Government are deemed satisfied by its share of the Profit Oil.
The following table presents revenues in Cote d'Ivoire from contracts with customers:
Year Ended December 31,
2024
Revenues from customer contracts:(in thousands)
Sales under the sales and purchase agreements$87,870 
Other item reported in revenue not associated with customer contracts:
Cote d’Ivoire government share of Profit Oil taken in-kind7,212 
Net revenues$95,082 
Information about the Company’s most significant customers -
For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, our revenue concentration by customer for each operating segment are shown on the table below.
Year Ended December 31,
2024 (1)
2023
2022 (2)
Gabon100%100%100%
Egypt100%
62% and 38%
100%
Cote d'Ivoire
87% and 13%
—%—%
Canada
41%, 32% and 21%
52%, 37% and 7%
54%, 32% and 14%
(1)For Cote d'Ivoire, reflects sales from April 30, 2024 through December 31, 2024 related to the Svenska Acquisition.
(2)For Egypt and Canada, reflects sales from October 14, 2022 through December 31, 2022 related to the TransGlobe Acquisition.