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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Apr. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Foreign Currency The Company’s foreign subsidiaries functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in earnings. The Company is subject to foreign exchange rate fluctuations in connection with the Company’s international operations. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash The Company considers only those investments which are highly liquid, readily convertible to cash, and that mature within three months from date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Restricted cash as of April 30, 2019 and 2018 was nil and $150,000, respectively, which is classified as a non-current asset on the consolidated balance sheets. This restricted cash served primarily as collateral for corporate credit cards to provide financial assurance that the Company will fulfill its obligations. The cash was held in custody by the issuing bank, was restricted as to withdrawal or use, and was invested in an interest-bearing Certificate of Deposit (“CD”). The CD matured in October 2018 and the issuing bank determined it was not necessary for the Company to renew. As a result, the $150,000 was reclassified to cash on the Company's April 30, 2019 Consolidated Balance Sheet. Cash and restricted cash consists of the following (table in thousands):
| April 30, 2019 |  | April 30, 2018
Cash | $ | 3,237 |  |  | $ | 856 |
Restricted cash | — |  |  | 150 |
Total cash and restricted cash | $ | 3,237 |  |  | $ | 1,006 |
Liquidity Our liquidity needs have typically arisen from the funding of our research and development programs and the launch of new products, working capital requirements, and other strategic initiatives. In the past, we have met these cash requirements through our cash on hand, working capital management, proceeds from certain private placements and public offerings of our securities and sales of products and services. For the year ended April 30, 2019, the Company had net income of approximately $128,000. As of April 30, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of approximately $70.6 million, negative working capital of $103,000 and cash and cash equivalents of $3.2 million. We believe that our cash on hand, together with continued improved cash flows from operations, are adequate to fund operations through at least August 2020. Should the Company be required to raise additional capital, there can be no assurance that management would be successful in raising such capital on terms acceptable to us, if at all. On October 30, 2017, the Company entered into a line of credit agreement with a national bank which provides that the Company may borrow up to $1.5 million. The revolving line maturity date was October 29, 2018 and the line of credit was not renewed. The Company believes that such line of credit was no longer necessary to fund the Company's working capital needs. Fair Value The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, deposits and other receivables, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate their fair value based on the liquidity or the short-term maturities of these instruments. The fair value hierarchy promulgated by GAAP consists of three levels:
• | Level one — Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
• | Level two — Inputs other than level one inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable; and
• | Level three — Unobservable inputs developed using estimates and assumptions, which are developed by the reporting entity and reflect those assumptions that a market participant would use.
Determining which category an asset or liability falls within the hierarchy requires significant judgment. The Company evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each quarter. The Company has no assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and there were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis during the year ended April 30, 2019. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is recorded at cost and primarily consists of laboratory equipment, furniture and fixtures, and computer hardware and software. Assets in progress include equipment not yet placed in service. Depreciation and amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the various assets ranging from three to seven years. Capital Lease In November 2014, the Company entered into a lease for laboratory equipment. The lease was determined to be a capital lease that has costs of approximately $149,000, at inception, through November 2019. The current monthly capital lease payment is approximately $3,000. The future minimum lease payments remaining under this capital lease is $16,000, which will be paid during fiscal year 2020. The present value of minimum future obligations is calculated based on interest rate of 5%. The short-term and long-term components of the capital lease obligation are included in accrued liabilities and other non-current liabilities, respectively at April 30, 2019 and 2018. In July 2018, the Company entered into a second capital lease for laboratory equipment. The lease had total costs of approximately $266,000, inclusive of interest and taxes, with a monthly payment of approximately $11,000. Although the lease was originally due to mature in July 2020, the Company decided to pay the outstanding balance on February 1, 2019. As a result, the outstanding balance is nil as of April 30, 2019. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Impairment losses are to be recognized when the carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable or exceeds its fair value. The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company uses estimates of future cash flows over the remaining useful life of a long- lived asset or asset group to determine the recoverability of the asset. These estimates only include the net cash flows directly associated with, and that are expected to arise as a direct result of, the use and eventual disposition of the asset or asset group. The Company has not recognized any impairment losses for the Company’s long-lived assets for the years ending April 30, 2019 and 2018. Other long term assets Other long term assets represents amounts relating to lease deposits for our Hackensack, New Jersey and Rockville, Maryland locations. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the cost over the fair market value of the net assets acquired including identifiable assets. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment of value and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may be impaired. A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred. Such indicators may include deterioration in general economic conditions, adverse changes in the markets in which an entity operates, increases in input costs that have negative effects on earnings and cash flows, or a trend of negative or declining cash flows over multiple periods, among others. The fair value that could be realized in an actual transaction may differ from that used to evaluate the impairment of goodwill. The Company tests for goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level. In testing goodwill for impairment, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not (more than 50%) that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the Company elects to perform a qualitative assessment and determine that an impairment is more likely than not, it is then required to perform a quantitative impairment test, otherwise no further analysis is required. The Company also may elect not to perform the qualitative assessment and, instead, proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test. Under the qualitative assessment, various events and circumstances that would affect the estimated fair value of a reporting unit are identified (similar to impairment indicators above). Furthermore, management considers the results of the most recent two-step quantitative impairment test completed for a reporting unit and compares the weighted average cost of capital between the current and prior years for each reporting unit. Under the quantitative impairment test, the evaluation involves comparing the current fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. Fair value is typically estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis, which requires the Company to estimate the future cash flows anticipated to be generated by the reporting unit being tested for impairment as well as to select a risk-adjusted discount rate to measure the present value of the anticipated cash flows. When determining future cash flow estimates, the Company considers historical results adjusted to reflect current and anticipated operating conditions. The Company estimates cash flows for the reporting unit over a discrete period (typically four or five years) and the terminal period (considering expected long term growth rates and trends). Estimating future cash flows requires significant judgment by management in such areas as future economic conditions, industry-specific conditions, product pricing, and necessary capital expenditures. The use of different assumptions or estimates for future cash flows or significant changes in risk-adjusted discount rates due to changes in market conditions could produce substantially different estimates of the fair value of the reporting unit. The Company has not recognized any impairment losses for the Company’s goodwill for the years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018. Deferred Revenue Deferred revenue represents payments received in advance for products to be delivered. When products are delivered, deferred revenue is then recognized as earned. Other Non-Current Liabilities Other non-current liabilities represents amounts relating to deferred rent for our Rockville, Maryland laboratory facilities and uncertain tax positions relating to one of our foreign entities. Cost of Oncology Services Cost of oncology services relates to our TOS and POS business units. TOS costs consist of direct costs related to mice purchases and maintenance costs for studies completed internally and charges from Contract Research Organization's for studies handled externally. Indirect costs include salaries for personnel directly engaged in providing TOS products. All costs of performing studies in-house are expensed as incurred. All TOS costs of performing studies from external sources, if any, are expensed when incurred. POS consists of costs related to implantations, drug panels, tumor boards, and gene sequencing services, as well as indirect internal costs, such as salaries for personnel directly engaged in these products. Direct costs associated with implantation revenues are primarily related to mice purchases and maintenance and shipping of tumor tissue. Direct drug panel costs are primarily incurred from mice purchases and maintenance and drug purchases. Direct tumor board costs are primarily related to physicians’ honorariums and any tumor board participation costs such as travel, lodging and meals. Direct gene sequencing costs are primarily related to costs billed from the gene sequencing service provider. All POS costs are expensed as incurred. Research and Development Research and development costs represent both costs incurred internally for research and development activities, including personnel costs and mice purchases and maintenance, as well as costs incurred externally to facilitate research activities, such as tumor tissue procurement and characterization expenses. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Sales and Marketing Sales and marketing expenses represent costs incurred to promote the Company’s products offered, including salaries, benefits and related costs of our sales and marketing personnel, and represent costs of advertising and other selling and marketing expenses. All sales and marketing costs, including advertising costs, are expensed as incurred. Earnings Per Share Basic net income or loss per share is computed by dividing the net income or loss for the period by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing the net income for the period by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock plus dilutive potential common stock considered outstanding during the period. Such dilutive shares consist of incremental shares that would be issued upon exercise of the Company’s common stock purchase warrants and stock options. Stock-based Payments The Company typically recognizes expense for stock-based payments based on the fair value of awards on the date of grant. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate fair value. The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of short-traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. The option pricing model requires the Company to estimate certain key assumptions such as expected life, volatility, risk free interest rates and dividend yield to determine the fair value of stock-based awards. These assumptions are based on historical information and management judgment. The risk-free interest rate used is based on the United States treasury security rate with a term consistent with the expected term of the award at the time of the grant. Since the Company has limited option exercise history, it has generally elected to estimate the expected life of an award based upon the Securities and Exchange Commission-approved “simplified method” noted under the provisions of Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 with the continued use of this method extended under the provisions of Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 110. Estimated volatility is based upon the historical volatility of the Company's common stock. The Company does not anticipate paying a dividend, and therefore, no expected dividend yield was used. The Company expenses stock-based payments over the period that the awards are expected to vest. In the event of forfeitures, compensation expense is adjusted. The Company expenses modification charges in the period of modification and, if required, over the remaining period the awards are expected to vest. The Company will report cash flows resulting from tax deductions in excess of the compensation cost recognized from those options (excess tax benefits) as financing cash flows, if they should arise. Income Taxes Deferred income taxes have been provided to show the effect of temporary differences between the recognition of expenses for financial and income tax reporting purposes and between the tax basis of assets and liabilities, and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company assesses the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be recovered through tax planning strategies or from future taxable income, and to the extent that recovery is not likely or there is insufficient operating history, a valuation allowance is established. The Company adjusts the valuation allowance in the period management determines it is more likely than not that net deferred tax assets will or will not be realized. Changes in valuation allowances from period to period are included in the tax provision in the period of change. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company provided a valuation allowance for all net deferred tax assets, as recovery is not more likely than not based on an insufficient history of earnings. Tax positions are positions taken in a previously filed tax return or positions expected to be taken in a future tax return that are reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities reported in the consolidated financial statements. Tax positions include, but are not limited to, the following:
• | An allocation or shift of income between taxing jurisdictions;
• | The characterization of income or a decision to exclude reportable taxable income in a tax return; or
• | A decision to classify a transaction, entity or other position in a tax return as tax exempt.
The Company reflects tax benefits only if it is more likely than not that we will be able to sustain the tax position, based on its technical merits. If a tax benefit meets this criterion, it is measured and recognized based on the largest amount of benefit that is cumulatively greater than 50% likely to be realized. As of April 30, 2019 and 2018 the Company has recorded $151,000 of liabilities related to uncertain tax positions relative to one of its foreign operations. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The Company had no material accrual for interest or penalties on the Company’s balance sheets at April 30, 2019 and 2018, and has not recognized any material interest and/or penalties in the statement of operations for either period. We do not anticipate any significant unrecognized tax benefits will be recorded during the next 12 months. Revenue Recognition All revenue is generated from contracts with customers. The Company's arrangements are service type contracts that mainly have a duration of less than a year. The Company recognizes revenue when control of these services is transferred to the customer in an amount, referred to as the transaction price, that reflects the consideration to which the Company is expected to be entitled in exchange for those services. The Company determines revenue recognition utilizing the following five steps: (1) identification of the contract with a customer, (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract (promised goods or services that are distinct), (3) determination of the transaction price, (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations, and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company transfers control of the product or service for each performance obligation. The Company records revenues net of any tax assessments by governmental authorities, such as value added taxes, that are imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue generating transactions. Pharmacology Study, POS Services and Other Services The Company generally enters into contracts with customers to provide oncology services with payments based on fixed-fee arrangements. At contract inception, the Company assesses the services promised in the contracts with customers to identify the performance obligations in the arrangement. The Company's fixed-fee arrangements for oncology services are considered a single performance obligation because the Company provides a highly-integrated service. The Company recognizes revenue over time using a progress-based input method since there is no single output measure that would fairly depict the transfer of control over the life of the performance obligation. Revenue is recognized for the single performance obligation over time due to the Company's right to payment for work performed to date and the performance does not create an asset with an alternative use. The Company recognizes revenue as portions of the overall performance obligation are completed as this best depicts the progress of the performance obligation. Variable Consideration In some cases, contracts provide for variable consideration that is contingent upon the occurrence of uncertain future events, such as the success of the initial performance obligation. Variable consideration is estimated at the expected value or at the most likely amount depending on the type of consideration. Estimated amounts are included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. The estimate of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of its anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to the Company. Trade Receivables, Unbilled Services and Deferred Revenue In general, billings and payments are established by contractual provisions including predetermined payment schedules, which may or may not correspond to the timing of the transfer of control of the Company's services under the contract. In general, the Company's intention in its invoicing (payment terms) is to maintain cash neutrality over the life of the contract. Upfront payments, when they occur, are intended to cover certain expenses the Company incurs at the beginning of the contract. Neither the Company nor its customers view such upfront payments and contracted payment schedules as a means of financing. Unbilled services primarily arise from timing of payment terms and when an input method of revenue recognition is utilized and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. Deferred revenue consists of unearned payments received in excess of revenue recognized. As the contracted services are subsequently performed and the associated revenue is recognized, the deferred revenue balance is reduced by the amount of the revenue recognized during the period. Deferred revenue is classified as a current liability on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as the Company expects to recognize the associated revenue in less than one year. Accounting Pronouncements Being Evaluated In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, which amends ASC 350-40, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software, to address a customer’s accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement ("CCA") that is a service contract. This update aligns the accounting for costs incurred to implement a CCA that is a service arrangement with the guidance on capitalizing costs associated with developing or obtaining internal-use software. The update is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the amendments in this update is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. We are currently assessing the impact of this update on our consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses". This update requires immediate recognition of management’s estimates of current expected credit losses ("CECL"). Under the prior model, losses were recognized only as they were incurred. The new model is applicable to all financial instruments that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 for public entities. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of this update on our consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases". The Company will adopt the new accounting standard using the modified retrospective transition option on adoption on May 1, 2019. While we are continuing to assess all impacts of the standard, we anticipate this standard will have a material impact to our consolidated balance sheet. Upon adoption, we expect to record additional lease liabilities of approximately $4.1 million attributable to our operating leases based on the present value of the remaining minimum lease payments with an increase to right-of-use assets of approximately $3.2 million. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its consolidated statements of operations or cash flows. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, "Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting". This ASU expands the scope of Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (which currently only includes share-based payments to employees) to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees for goods or services. Under the new guidance, the existing employee guidance will apply to nonemployee sharebased transactions (as long as the transaction is not effectively a form of financing), with the exception of specific guidance related to the attribution of compensation cost. The cost of nonemployee awards will continue to be recorded as if the grantor had paid cash for the goods or services. The new accounting guidance will be effective for the Company on May 1, 2019. The Company early adopted ASU 2018-07 beginning with its financial reporting for the quarter ended January 31, 2019. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. On November 17, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, "Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)" ("ASU 2016-18"), which addresses classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 requires an entity's reconciliation of the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows to include in cash and cash equivalents amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. ASU 2016-18 is effective for public business entities for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted ASU 2016-18 on May 1, 2018 and did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments”. The new standard attempts to reduce diversity in practice in how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU No. 2016-15 provides guidance on eight specific cash flow issues. The new guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2016-15 on May 1, 2018 and it did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board issued a converged standard on the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers ("ASU 2014-09"). The objective of the new standard is to establish a single comprehensive revenue recognition model that is designed to create greater comparability of financial statements across industries and jurisdictions. Under the new standard, companies will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 on May 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption and by recognizing the cumulative effect of applying the standard as an adjustment to the Company’s Balance Sheet. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. See "Note 5. Revenue from Contracts with Customers" for more information.

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