424B2 1 ea0270089-01_424b2.htm PRELIMINARY PRICING SUPPLEMENT
The information in this preliminary pricing supplement is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary pricing supplement is not
an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to completion dated December 17, 2025
December , 202 5 Registration Statement Nos. 333-270004 and 333-270004-01; Rule 424(b)(2)
Pricing supplement to product supplement no. 4-I dated April 13, 2023, underlying supplement no. 1-I dated April 13, 2023, the prospectus and
prospectus supplement, each dated April 13, 2023, and the prospectus addendum dated June 3, 2024
JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC
Structured Investments
Capped Buffered Return Enhanced Notes Linked to the
State Street® SPDR® S&P® Metals & Mining ETF due
December 21, 2027
Fully and Unconditionally Guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co.
• The notes are designed for investors who seek a return of 1.10 times any appreciation of the State Street® SPDR® S&P®
Metals & Mining ETF, which we refer to as the Fund, up to a maximum return of at least 50.50%, at maturity.
• Investors should be willing to forgo interest and dividend payments and be willing to lose some or all of their principal
amount at maturity.
• The notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC, which we refer to
as JPMorgan Financial, the payment on which is fully and unconditionally guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co. Any
payment on the notes is subject to the credit risk of JPMorgan Financial, as issuer of the notes, and the credit
risk of JPMorgan Chase & Co., as guarantor of the notes.
• Minimum denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples thereof
• The notes are expected to price on or about December 17, 2025 (the “Pricing Date”) and are expected to settle on or
about December 22, 2025. The Strike Value has been determined by reference to the closing price of one share of
the Fund on December 16, 2025 and not by reference to the closing price of one share of the Fund on the Pricing
Date.
• CUSIP: 48136MKU0
Investing in the notes involves a number of risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-2 of the accompanying
prospectus supplement, Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum, “Risk Factors” beginning on page PS-11
of the accompanying product supplement and “Selected Risk Considerations” beginning on page PS-4 of this pricing
supplement.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved
of the notes or passed upon the accuracy or the adequacy of this pricing supplement or the accompanying product supplement,
underlying supplement, prospectus supplement, prospectus and prospectus addendum. Any representation to the contrary is a
criminal offense.
Price to Public (1)
Fees and Commissions (2)
Proceeds to Issuer
Per note
$1,000
—
$1,000
Total
$
—
$
(1) See “Supplemental Use of Proceeds” in this pricing supplement for information about the components of the price to public of
the notes.
(2) All sales of the notes will be made to certain fee-based advisory accounts for which an affiliated or unaffiliated broker-dealer is an
investment adviser. These broker-dealers will forgo any commissions related to these sales. See “Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of
Interest)” in the accompanying product supplement.
If the notes priced today, the estimated value of the notes would be approximately $983.80 per $1,000 principal amount
note. The estimated value of the notes, when the terms of the notes are set, will be provided in the pricing supplement
and will not be less than $960.00 per $1,000 principal amount note. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this
pricing supplement for additional information.
The notes are not bank deposits, are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency
and are not obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.
PS-1 | Structured Investments
Capped Buffered Return Enhanced Notes Linked to the State Street®
SPDR® S&P® Metals & Mining ETF
Key Terms
Issuer: JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC, a direct,
wholly owned finance subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Guarantor: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Fund: The State Street® SPDR® S&P® Metals & Mining ETF
(Bloomberg ticker: XME)
Maximum Return: At least 50.50% (corresponding to a
maximum payment at maturity of at least $1,505.00 per $1,000
principal amount note) (to be provided in the pricing
supplement)
Upside Leverage Factor: 1.10
Buffer Amount: 15.00%
Downside Leverage Factor: An amount equal to 1 / (1 –
Buffer Amount), which is 1.17647
Strike Date: December 16, 2025
Pricing Date: On or about December 17, 2025
Original Issue Date (Settlement Date): On or about
December 22, 2025
Observation Date*: December 16, 2027
Maturity Date*: December 21, 2027
* Subject to postponement in the event of a market disruption
event and as described under “General Terms of Notes —
Postponement of a Determination Date — Notes Linked to a
Single Underlying — Notes Linked to a Single Underlying (Other
Than a Commodity Index)” and “General Terms of Notes —
Postponement of a Payment Date” in the accompanying product
supplement
Payment at Maturity:
If the Final Value is greater than the Strike Value, your
payment at maturity per $1,000 principal amount note will be
calculated as follows:
$1,000 + ($1,000 × Fund Return × Upside Leverage Factor),
subject to the Maximum Return
If the Final Value is equal to the Strike Value or is less than the
Strike Value by up to the Buffer Amount, you will receive the
principal amount of your notes at maturity.
If the Final Value is less than the Strike Value by more than the
Buffer Amount, your payment at maturity per $1,000 principal
amount note will be calculated as follows:
$1,000 + [$1,000 × (Fund Return + Buffer Amount) × Downside
Leverage Factor]
If the Final Value is less than the Strike Value by more than the
Buffer Amount, you will lose some or all of your principal
amount at maturity.
Fund Return:
(Final Value – Strike Value)
Strike Value
Strike Value: The closing price of one share of the Fund on
the Strike Date, which was $100.91. The Strike Value is not
the closing price of one share of the Fund on the Pricing
Date.
Final Value: The closing price of one share of the Fund on the
Observation Date
Share Adjustment Factor: The Share Adjustment Factor is
referenced in determining the closing price of one share of the
Fund and is set equal to 1.0 on the Strike Date. The Share
Adjustment Factor is subject to adjustment upon the
occurrence of certain events affecting the Fund. See “The
Underlyings — Funds — Anti-Dilution Adjustments” in the
accompanying product supplement for further information.
PS-2 | Structured Investments
Capped Buffered Return Enhanced Notes Linked to the State Street®
SPDR® S&P® Metals & Mining ETF
Supplemental Terms of the Notes
Any values of the Fund, and any values derived therefrom, included in this pricing supplement may be corrected, in the event of
manifest error or inconsistency, by amendment of this pricing supplement and the corresponding terms of the notes. Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary in the indenture governing the notes, that amendment will become effective without consent of the holders of
the notes or any other party.
Hypothetical Payout Profile
The following table and graph illustrate the hypothetical total return and payment at maturity on the notes linked to a hypothetical Fund.
The “total return” as used in this pricing supplement is the number, expressed as a percentage, that results from comparing the
payment at maturity per $1,000 principal amount note to $1,000. The hypothetical total returns and payments set forth below assume
the following:
• a Strike Value of $100.00;
• a Maximum Return of 50.50%;
• an Upside Leverage Factor of 1.10;
• a Buffer Amount of 15.00%; and
• a Downside Leverage Factor of 1.17647.
The hypothetical Strike Value of $100.00 has been chosen for illustrative purposes only and does not represent the actual Strike Value.
The actual Strike Value is the closing price of one share of the Fund on the Strike Date and is specified under “Key Terms — Strike
Value” in this pricing supplement. For historical data regarding the actual closing prices of one share of the Fund, please see the
historical information set forth under “The Fund” in this pricing supplement.
Each hypothetical total return or hypothetical payment at maturity set forth below is for illustrative purposes only and may not be the
actual total return or payment at maturity applicable to a purchaser of the notes. The numbers appearing in the following table and
graph have been rounded for ease of analysis.
Final Value
Fund Return
Total Return on the Notes
Payment at Maturity
$180.00000
80.00000%
50.500%
$1,505.00
$165.00000
65.00000%
50.500%
$1,505.00
$150.00000
50.00000%
50.500%
$1,505.00
$145.9091 0
45.90910%
50.500%
$1,505.00
$140.00000
40.00000%
44.000%
$1,440.00
$130.00000
30.00000%
33.000%
$1,330.00
$120.00000
20.0 0000%
22.000%
$1,220.00
$110.00000
10.00000%
11.0 00%
$1,11 0.00
$105.00000
5.000 00%
5.500%
$1,055.00
$101.00000
1.000 00%
1.100%
$1,011.00
$100.00000
0.000 00%
0.000%
$1,000.00
90.00000
-10.00000%
0.000%
$1,000.00
85.00000
-15.00000%
0.000%
$1,000.00
80.00000
-20.00000%
-5.882%
$941.18
70.00000
-30.00000%
-17.647%
$823.53
60.00000
-40.00000%
-29.412%
$705.88
50.00000
-50.00000%
-41.176%
$588.24
40.00000
-60.00000%
-52.941%
$470.59
30.00000
-70.00000%
-64.706%
$352.94
20.00000
-80.00000%
-76.471%
$235.29
10.00000
-90.00000%
-88.235%
$117.65
0.00000
-100.00000%
-100.000%
$0.00
PS-3 | Structured Investments
Capped Buffered Return Enhanced Notes Linked to the State Street®
SPDR® S&P® Metals & Mining ETF
The following graph demonstrates the hypothetical payments at maturity on the notes for a range of Fund Returns. There can be no
assurance that the performance of the Fund will result in the return of any of your principal amount.
How the Notes Work
Upside Scenario:
If the Final Value is greater than the Strike Value, investors will receive at maturity the $1,000 principal amount plus a return equal to
the Fund Return times the Upside Leverage Factor of 1.10, up to the Maximum Return of at least 50.50%. Assuming a hypothetical
Maximum Return of 50.50%, an investor will realize the maximum payment at maturity at a Final Value at or above approximately
145.90910% of the Strike Value.
• If the closing price of one share of the Fund increases 5.00%, investors will receive at maturity a return equal to 5.50%, or
$1,055.00 per $1,000 principal amount note.
• Assuming a hypothetical Maximum Return of 50.50%, i f the closing price of one share of the Fund increases 65.00%, investors will
receive at maturity a return equal to the 50.50% Maximum Return, or $1,505.00 per $1,000 principal amount note, which is the
maximum payment at maturity.
Par Scenario:
If the Final Value is equal to the Strike Value or is less than the Strike Value by up to the Buffer Amount of 15.00%, investors will
receive at maturity the principal amount of their notes.
Downside Scenario:
If the Final Value is less than the Strike Value by more than the Buffer Amount of 15.00%, investors will lose 1.17647% of the principal
amount of their notes for every 1% that the Final Value is less than the Strike Value by more than the Buffer Amount.
• For example, if the closing price of one share of the Fund declines 60.00%, investors will lose 52.941% of their principal amount
and receive only $470.59 per $1,000 principal amount note at maturity, calculated as follows:
$1,000 + [$1,000 × (-60.00% + 15.00%) × 1.17647] = $470.59
The hypothetical returns and hypothetical payments on the notes shown above apply only if you hold the notes for their entire term.
These hypotheticals do not reflect the fees or expenses that would be associated with any sale in the secondary market. If these fees
and expenses were included, the hypothetical returns and hypothetical payments shown above would likely be lower.
PS-4 | Structured Investments
Capped Buffered Return Enhanced Notes Linked to the State Street®
SPDR® S&P® Metals & Mining ETF
Selected Risk Considerations
An investment in the notes involves significant risks. These risks are explained in more detail in the “Risk Factors” sections of the
accompanying prospectus supplement and product supplement and in Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum.
Risks Relating to the Notes Generally
• YOUR INVESTMENT IN THE NOTES MAY RESULT IN A LOSS —
The notes do not guarantee any return of principal. If the Final Value is less than the Strike Value by more than 15.00%, you will
lose 1.17647% of the principal amount of your notes for every 1% that the Final Value is less than the Strike Value by more than
15.00%. Accordingly, under these circumstances, you will lose some or all of your principal amount at maturity.
• YOUR MAXIMUM GAIN ON THE NOTES IS LIMITED TO THE MAXIMUM RETURN,
regardless of any appreciation of the Fund, which may be significant.
• CREDIT RISKS OF JPMORGAN FINANCIAL AND JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. —
Investors are dependent on our and JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s ability to pay all amounts due on the notes. Any actual or potential
change in our or JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s creditworthiness or credit spreads, as determined by the market for taking that credit
risk, is likely to adversely affect the value of the notes. If we and JPMorgan Chase & Co. were to default on our payment
obligations, you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the notes and you could lose your entire investment.
• AS A FINANCE SUBSIDIARY, JPMORGAN FINANCIAL HAS NO INDEPENDENT OPERATIONS AND HAS LIMITED ASSETS
—
As a finance subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co., we have no independent operations beyond the issuance and administration of
our securities and the collection of intercompany obligations. Aside from the initial capital contribution from JPMorgan Chase &
Co., substantially all of our assets relate to obligations of JPMorgan Chase & Co. to make payments under loans made by us to
JPMorgan Chase & Co. or under other intercompany agreements. As a result, we are dependent upon payments from JPMorgan
Chase & Co. to meet our obligations under the notes. We are not a key operating subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and in a
bankruptcy or resolution of JPMorgan Chase & Co. we are not expected to have sufficient resources to meet our obligations in
respect of the notes as they come due. If JPMorgan Chase & Co. does not make payments to us and we are unable to make
payments on the notes, you may have to seek payment under the related guarantee by JPMorgan Chase & Co., and that
guarantee will rank pari passu with all other unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of JPMorgan Chase & Co. For more
information, see the accompanying prospectus addendum.
• THE NOTES DO NOT PAY INTEREST.
• YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE DIVIDENDS ON THE FUND OR THE SECURITIES HELD BY THE FUND OR HAVE ANY RIGHTS
WITH RESPECT TO THE FUND OR THOSE SECURITIES.
• LACK OF LIQUIDITY —
The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. Accordingly, the price at which you may be able to trade your notes is
likely to depend on the price, if any, at which J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, which we refer to as JPMS, is willing to buy the notes.
You may not be able to sell your notes. The notes are not designed to be short-term trading instruments. Accordingly, you should
be able and willing to hold your notes to maturity.
• THE FINAL TERMS AND VALUATION OF THE NOTES WILL BE PROVIDED IN THE PRICING SUPPLEMENT —
You should consider your potential investment in the notes based on the minimums for the estimated value of the notes and the
Maximum Return.
Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest
• POTENTIAL CONFLICTS —
We and our affiliates play a variety of roles in connection with the notes. In performing these duties, our and JPMorgan Chase &
Co.’s economic interests are potentially adverse to your interests as an investor in the notes. It is possible that hedging or trading
activities of ours or our affiliates in connection with the notes could result in substantial returns for us or our affiliates while the
value of the notes declines. Please refer to “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest” in the accompanying product
supplement.
PS-5 | Structured Investments
Capped Buffered Return Enhanced Notes Linked to the State Street®
SPDR® S&P® Metals & Mining ETF
Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes
• THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES WILL BE LOWER THAN THE ORIGINAL ISSUE PRICE (PRICE TO PUBLIC) OF
THE NOTES —
The estimated value of the notes is only an estimate determined by reference to several factors. The original issue price of the
notes will exceed the estimated value of the notes because costs associated with structuring and hedging the notes are included in
the original issue price of the notes. These costs include the projected profits, if any, that our affiliates expect to realize for
assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes and the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the
notes. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
• THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES DOES NOT REPRESENT FUTURE VALUES OF THE NOTES AND MAY DIFFER
FROM OTHERS’ ESTIMATES —
See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
• THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES IS DERIVED BY REFERENCE TO AN INTERNAL FUNDING RATE —
The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied funding
rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference may
be based on, among other things, our and our affiliates’ view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance,
operational and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income
instruments of JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may
prove to be incorrect, and is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an
internal funding rate and any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any
secondary market prices of the notes. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
• THE VALUE OF THE NOTES AS PUBLISHED BY JPMS (AND WHICH MAY BE REFLECTED ON CUSTOMER ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS) MAY BE HIGHER THAN THE THEN-CURRENT ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES FOR A LIMITED TIME
PERIOD —
We generally expect that some of the costs included in the original issue price of the notes will be partially paid back to you in
connection with any repurchases of your notes by JPMS in an amount that will decline to zero over an initial predetermined period.
See “Secondary Market Prices of the Notes” in this pricing supplement for additional information relating to this initial period.
Accordingly, the estimated value of your notes during this initial period may be lower than the value of the notes as published by
JPMS (and which may be shown on your customer account statements).
• SECONDARY MARKET PRICES OF THE NOTES WILL LIKELY BE LOWER THAN THE ORIGINAL ISSUE PRICE OF THE
NOTES —
Any secondary market prices of the notes will likely be lower than the original issue price of the notes because, among other
things, secondary market prices take into account our internal secondary market funding rates for structured debt issuances and,
also, because secondary market prices may exclude projected hedging profits, if any, and estimated hedging costs that are
included in the original issue price of the notes. As a result, the price, if any, at which JPMS will be willing to buy the notes from
you in secondary market transactions, if at all, is likely to be lower than the original issue price. Any sale by you prior to the
Maturity Date could result in a substantial loss to you.
• SECONDARY MARKET PRICES OF THE NOTES WILL BE IMPACTED BY MANY ECONOMIC AND MARKET FACTORS —
The secondary market price of the notes during their term will be impacted by a number of economic and market factors, which
may either offset or magnify each other, aside from the projected hedging profits, if any, estimated hedging costs and the price of
one share of the Fund. Additionally, independent pricing vendors and/or third party broker-dealers may publish a price for the
notes, which may also be reflected on customer account statements. This price may be different (higher or lower) than the price of
the notes, if any, at which JPMS may be willing to purchase your notes in the secondary market. See “Risk Factors — Risks
Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — Secondary market prices of the notes will be
impacted by many economic and market factors” in the accompanying product supplement.
Risks Relating to the Fund
• THERE ARE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FUND —
The Fund is subject to management risk, which is the risk that the investment strategies of the Fund’s investment adviser, the
implementation of which is subject to a number of constraints, may not produce the intended results. These constraints could
adversely affect the market price of the shares of the Fund and, consequently, the value of the notes.
PS-6 | Structured Investments
Capped Buffered Return Enhanced Notes Linked to the State Street®
SPDR® S&P® Metals & Mining ETF
• THE PERFORMANCE AND MARKET VALUE OF THE FUND, PARTICULARLY DURING PERIODS OF MARKET VOLATILITY,
MAY NOT CORRELATE WITH THE PERFORMANCE OF THE FUND’S UNDERLYING INDEX AS WELL AS THE NET ASSET
VALUE PER SHARE —
The Fund does not fully replicate its Underlying Index (as defined under “The Fund” below) and may hold securities different from
those included in its Underlying Index. In addition, the performance of the Fund will reflect additional transaction costs and fees
that are not included in the calculation of its Underlying Index. All of these factors may lead to a lack of correlation between the
performance of the Fund and its Underlying Index. In addition, corporate actions with respect to the equity securities underlying
the Fund (such as mergers and spin-offs) may impact the variance between the performances of the Fund and its Underlying
Index. Finally, because the shares of the Fund are traded on a securities exchange and are subject to market supply and investor
demand, the market value of one share of the Fund may differ from the net asset value per share of the Fund.
During periods of market volatility, securities underlying the Fund may be unavailable in the secondary market, market participants
may be unable to calculate accurately the net asset value per share of the Fund and the liquidity of the Fund may be adversely
affected. This kind of market volatility may also disrupt the ability of market participants to create and redeem shares of the Fund.
Further, market volatility may adversely affect, sometimes materially, the prices at which market participants are willing to buy and
sell shares of the Fund. As a result, under these circumstances, the market value of shares of the Fund may vary substantially
from the net asset value per share of the Fund. For all of the foregoing reasons, the performance of the Fund may not correlate
with the performance of its Underlying Index as well as the net asset value per share of the Fund, which could materially and
adversely affect the value of the notes in the secondary market and/or reduce any payment on the notes.
• RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE METALS AND MINING INDUSTRY —
All or substantially all of the equity securities held by the Fund are issued by companies whose primary line of business is directly
associated with the metals and mining industry. As a result, the value of the notes may be subject to greater volatility and be more
adversely affected by a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence affecting this industry than a different investment linked
to securities of a more broadly diversified group of issuers. Metals and mining companies can be significantly affected by events
relating to international political and economic developments, energy conservation, the success of exploration projects, commodity
prices, and tax and other government regulations. Investments in metals and mining companies may be speculative and may be
subject to greater price volatility than investments in other types of companies. Risks of metals and mining investments include:
changes in international monetary policies or economic and political conditions that can affect the supply of precious metals and
consequently the value of metals and mining company investments; the United States or foreign governments may pass laws or
regulations limiting metals investments for strategic or other policy reasons; and increased environmental or labor costs may
depress the value of metals and mining investments. These factors could affect the metals and mining industry and could affect
the value of the equity securities held by the Fund and the price of the Fund during the term of the notes, which may adversely
affect the value of your notes.
• THE ANTI-DILUTION PROTECTION FOR THE FUND IS LIMITED —
The calculation agent will make adjustments to the Share Adjustment Factor for certain events affecting the shares of the Fund.
However, the calculation agent will not make an adjustment in response to all events that could affect the shares of the Fund. If an
event occurs that does not require the calculation agent to make an adjustment, the value of the notes may be materially and
adversely affected.
PS-7 | Structured Investments
Capped Buffered Return Enhanced Notes Linked to the State Street®
SPDR® S&P® Metals & Mining ETF
The Fund
The Fund (formerly known as the SPDR® S&P® Metals & Mining ETF) is an exchange-traded fund of the SPDR® Series Trust, a
registered investment company, that seeks to provide investment results that, before fees and expenses, correspond generally to the
total return performance of an index derived from the metals and mining segment of a U.S. total market composition index, which we
refer to as the Underlying Index with respect to the Fund. The Underlying Index with respect to the Fund is currently the S&P® Metals &
Mining Select IndustryTM Index. The S&P® Metals & Mining Select IndustryTM Index is a modified equal-weighted index that is designed
to measure the performance of the following GICS® sub-industries of the S&P Total Market Index: aluminum; coal & consumable fuels;
copper; diversified metals & mining; gold; precious metals & minerals; silver; and steel. For additional information about the Fund, see
“Fund Descriptions — The SPDR® S&P® Industry ETFs” in the accompanying underlying supplement.
Historical Information
The following graph sets forth the historical performance of the Fund based on the weekly historical closing prices of one share of the
Fund from January 3, 2020 through December 12, 2025. The closing price of one share of the Fund on December 16, 2025 was
$100.91. We obtained the closing prices above and below from the Bloomberg Professional® service (“Bloomberg”), without
independent verification. The closing prices above and below may have been adjusted by Bloomberg for actions taken by the Fund,
such as stock splits.
The historical closing prices of one share of the Fund should not be taken as an indication of future performance, and no assurance can
be given as to the closing price of one share of the Fund on the Observation Date. There can be no assurance that the performance of
the Fund will result in the return of any of your principal amount.
Tax Treatment
You should review carefully the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” in the accompanying product
supplement no. 4-I. The following discussion, when read in combination with that section, constitutes the full opinion of our special tax
counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, regarding the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of notes.
Based on current market conditions, in the opinion of our special tax counsel it is reasonable to treat the notes as “open transactions”
that are not debt instruments for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as more fully described in “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Consequences — Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders — Notes Treated as Open Transactions That Are Not Debt Instruments” in the
accompanying product supplement. Assuming this treatment is respected, subject to the possible application of the “constructive
ownership” rules, the gain or loss on your notes should be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if you hold your notes for more than
a year, whether or not you are an initial purchaser of notes at the issue price. The notes could be treated as “constructive ownership
transactions” within the meaning of Section 1260 of the Code, in which case any gain recognized in respect of the notes that would
otherwise be long-term capital gain and that was in excess of the “net underlying long-term capital gain” (as defined in Section 1260)
would be treated as ordinary income, and a notional interest charge would apply as if that income had accrued for tax purposes at a
PS-8 | Structured Investments
Capped Buffered Return Enhanced Notes Linked to the State Street®
SPDR® S&P® Metals & Mining ETF
constant yield over your holding period for the notes. In addition, long-term capital gain that you would otherwise recognize in respect
of your notes up to the amount of the “net underlying long-term capital gain” could, if you are an individual or other non-corporate
investor, be subject to tax at the higher rates applicable to “collectibles” instead of the general rates that apply to long-term capital gain.
Our special tax counsel has not expressed an opinion with respect to whether the constructive ownership rules apply to the notes.
Accordingly, U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the potential application of the constructive ownership rules.
The IRS or a court may not respect the treatment of the notes described above, in which case the timing and character of any income
or loss on your notes could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, in 2007 Treasury and the IRS released a notice
requesting comments on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and similar instruments. The notice
focuses in particular on whether to require investors in these instruments to accrue income over the term of their investment. It also
asks for comments on a number of related topics, including the character of income or loss with respect to these instruments; the
relevance of factors such as the nature of the underlying property to which the instruments are linked; the degree, if any, to which
income (including any mandated accruals) realized by non-U.S. investors should be subject to withholding tax; and whether these
instruments are or should be subject to the constructive ownership regime described above. While the notice requests comments on
appropriate transition rules and effective dates, any Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these
issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in the notes, possibly with retroactive effect. You
should consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes, including the
potential application of the constructive ownership rules, possible alternative treatments and the issues presented by this notice.
The Estimated Value of the Notes
The estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement is equal to the sum of the values of the following
hypothetical components: (1) a fixed-income debt component with the same maturity as the notes, valued using the internal funding
rate described below, and (2) the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes. The estimated value of the
notes does not represent a minimum price at which JPMS would be willing to buy your notes in any secondary market (if any exists) at
any time. The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied
funding rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference
may be based on, among other things, our and our affiliates’ view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance,
operational and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income
instruments of JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may prove
to be incorrect, and is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an internal
funding rate and any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any secondary market
prices of the notes. For additional information, see “Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and
Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — The Estimated Value of the Notes Is Derived by Reference to an Internal Funding Rate” in this
pricing supplement.
The value of the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes is derived from internal pricing models of our
affiliates. These models are dependent on inputs such as the traded market prices of comparable derivative instruments and on
various other inputs, some of which are market-observable, and which can include volatility, dividend rates, interest rates and other
factors, as well as assumptions about future market events and/or environments. Accordingly, the estimated value of the notes is
determined when the terms of the notes are set based on market conditions and other relevant factors and assumptions existing at that
time.
The estimated value of the notes does not represent future values of the notes and may differ from others’ estimates. Different pricing
models and assumptions could provide valuations for the notes that are greater than or less than the estimated value of the notes. In
addition, market conditions and other relevant factors in the future may change, and any assumptions may prove to be incorrect. On
future dates, the value of the notes could change significantly based on, among other things, changes in market conditions, our or
JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s creditworthiness, interest rate movements and other relevant factors, which may impact the price, if any, at
which JPMS would be willing to buy notes from you in secondary market transactions.
The estimated value of the notes will be lower than the original issue price of the notes because costs associated with structuring and
hedging the notes are included in the original issue price of the notes. These costs include the projected profits, if any, that our
affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes and the estimated cost of hedging our
obligations under the notes. Because hedging our obligations entails risk and may be influenced by market forces beyond our control,
this hedging may result in a profit that is more or less than expected, or it may result in a loss. A portion of the profits, if any, realized in
hedging our obligations under the notes may be allowed to other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, and we or one or more of our affiliates
will retain any remaining hedging profits. See “Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary
PS-9 | Structured Investments
Capped Buffered Return Enhanced Notes Linked to the State Street®
SPDR® S&P® Metals & Mining ETF
Market Prices of the Notes — The Estimated Value of the Notes Will Be Lower Than the Original Issue Price (Price to Public) of the
Notes” in this pricing supplement.
Secondary Market Prices of the Notes
For information about factors that will impact any secondary market prices of the notes, see “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the
Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — Secondary market prices of the notes will be impacted by many
economic and market factors” in the accompanying product supplement. In addition, we generally expect that some of the costs
included in the original issue price of the notes will be partially paid back to you in connection with any repurchases of your notes by
JPMS in an amount that will decline to zero over an initial predetermined period. These costs can include projected hedging profits, if
any, and, in some circumstances, estimated hedging costs and our internal secondary market funding rates for structured debt
issuances. This initial predetermined time period is intended to be the shorter of six months and one-half of the stated term of the
notes. The length of any such initial period reflects the structure of the notes, whether our affiliates expect to earn a profit in connection
with our hedging activities, the estimated costs of hedging the notes and when these costs are incurred, as determined by our affiliates.
See “Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — The Value
of the Notes as Published by JPMS (and Which May Be Reflected on Customer Account Statements) May Be Higher Than the Then-
Current Estimated Value of the Notes for a Limited Time Period” in this pricing supplement.
Supplemental Use of Proceeds
The notes are offered to meet investor demand for products that reflect the risk-return profile and market exposure provided by the
notes. See “Hypothetical Payout Profile” and “How the Notes Work” in this pricing supplement for an illustration of the risk-return profile
of the notes and “The Fund” in this pricing supplement for a description of the market exposure provided by the notes.
The original issue price of the notes is equal to the estimated value of the notes plus (minus) the projected profits (losses) that our
affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes, plus the estimated cost of hedging our
obligations under the notes.
Additional Terms Specific to the Notes
You may revoke your offer to purchase the notes at any time prior to the time at which we accept such offer by notifying the applicable
agent. We reserve the right to change the terms of, or reject any offer to purchase, the notes prior to their issuance. In the event of any
changes to the terms of the notes, we will notify you and you will be asked to accept such changes in connection with your purchase.
You may also choose to reject such changes, in which case we may reject your offer to purchase.
You should read this pricing supplement together with the accompanying prospectus, as supplemented by the accompanying
prospectus supplement relating to our Series A medium-term notes of which these notes are a part, the accompanying prospectus
addendum and the more detailed information contained in the accompanying product supplement and the accompanying underlying
supplement. This pricing supplement, together with the documents listed below, contains the terms of the notes and supersedes all
other prior or contemporaneous oral statements as well as any other written materials including preliminary or indicative pricing terms,
correspondence, trade ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, fact sheets, brochures or other educational materials of
ours. You should carefully consider, among other things, the matters set forth in the “Risk Factors” sections of the accompanying
prospectus supplement and the accompanying product supplement and in Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum, as the
notes involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and
other advisers before you invest in the notes.
You may access these documents on the SEC website at www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our
filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):
• Product supplement no. 4-I dated April 13, 2023:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/19617/000121390023029539/ea152803_424b2.pdf
• Underlying supplement no. 1-I dated April 13, 2023:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/19617/000121390023029543/ea151873_424b2.pdf
• Prospectus supplement and prospectus, each dated April 13, 2023:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/19617/000095010323005751/crt_dp192097-424b2.pdf
• Prospectus addendum dated June 3, 2024:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1665650/000095010324007599/dp211753_424b3.htm
Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website is 1665650, and JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s CIK is 19617. As used in this pricing
supplement, “we,” “us” and “our” refer to JPMorgan Financial.