424B2 1 ea0270007-01_424b2.htm PRELIMINARY PRICING SUPPLEMENT
The information in this preliminary pricing supplement is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary pricing supplement is not
an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to completion dated December 16, 2025
December , 2025 Registration Statement Nos. 333-270004 and 333-270004-01; Rule 424(b)(2)
Pricing supplement to product supplement no. 4-I dated April 13, 2023, the prospectus and prospectus supplement, each dated April 13, 2023, and
the prospectus addendum dated June 3, 2024
JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC
Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the Class
A Common Stock of Palantir Technologies Inc. due June 28,
2027
Fully and Unconditionally Guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co.
• The notes are designed for investors who seek a Contingent Interest Payment with respect to each Review Date for
which the closing price of one share of the Reference Stock is greater than or equal to 60.00% of the Initial Value, which
we refer to as the Interest Barrier.
• If the closing price of one share of the Reference Stock is greater than or equal to the Interest Barrier on any Review
Date, investors will receive, in addition to the Contingent Interest Payment with respect to that Review Date, any
previously unpaid Contingent Interest Payments for prior Review Dates.
• The notes will be automatically called if the closing price of one share of the Reference Stock on any Review Date (other
than the first, second and final Review Dates) is greater than or equal to the Initial Value.
• The earliest date on which an automatic call may be initiated is March 23, 2026.
• Investors should be willing to accept the risk of losing a significant portion or all of their principal and the risk that no
Contingent Interest Payment may be made with respect to some or all Review Dates.
• Investors should also be willing to forgo fixed interest and dividend payments, in exchange for the opportunity to receive
Contingent Interest Payments.
• The notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC, which we refer to
as JPMorgan Financial, the payment on which is fully and unconditionally guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co. Any
payment on the notes is subject to the credit risk of JPMorgan Financial, as issuer of the notes, and the credit
risk of JPMorgan Chase & Co., as guarantor of the notes.
• Minimum denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples thereof
• The notes are expected to price on or about December 23, 2025 and are expected to settle on or about December 29,
2025.
• CUSIP: 48136MKP1
Investing in the notes involves a number of risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-2 of the accompanying
prospectus supplement, Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum, “Risk Factors” beginning on page PS-11
of the accompanying product supplement and “Selected Risk Considerations” beginning on page PS-5 of this pricing
supplement.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved
of the notes or passed upon the accuracy or the adequacy of this pricing supplement or the accompanying product supplement,
prospectus supplement, prospectus and prospectus addendum. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Price to Public (1)
Fees and Commissions (2)
Proceeds to Issuer
Per note
$1,000
$
$
Total
$
$
$
(1) See “Supplemental Use of Proceeds” in this pricing supplement for information about the components of the price to public of the
notes.
(2) J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, which we refer to as JPMS, acting as agent for JPMorgan Financial, will pay all of the selling
commissions it receives from us to other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers. In no event will these selling commissions exceed $22.25 per
$1,000 principal amount note. See “Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)” in the accompanying product supplement.
If the notes priced today, the estimated value of the notes would be approximately $958.80 per $1,000 principal amount
note. The estimated value of the notes, when the terms of the notes are set, will be provided in the pricing supplement
and will not be less than $900.00 per $1,000 principal amount note. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this
pricing supplement for additional information.
The notes are not bank deposits, are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency
and are not obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.
PS-1 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the Class A Common
Stock of Palantir Technologies Inc.
Key Terms
Issuer: JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC, a direct,
wholly owned finance subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Guarantor: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Reference Stock: The Class A common stock of Palantir
Technologies Inc., par value $0.001 per share (Bloomberg
ticker: PLTR). We refer to Palantir Technologies Inc. as
“Palantir.”
Contingent Interest Payments: If the notes have not been
automatically called and the closing price of one share of the
Reference Stock on any Review Date is greater than or equal to
the Interest Barrier, you will receive on the applicable Interest
Payment Date for each $1,000 principal amount note a
Contingent Interest Payment equal to at least $15.00
(equivalent to a Contingent Interest Rate of at least 18.00% per
annum, payable at a rate of at least 1.50% per month) (to be
provided in the pricing supplement), plus any previously unpaid
Contingent Interest Payments for any prior Review Dates.
If the Contingent Interest Payment is not paid on any Interest
Payment Date, that unpaid Contingent Interest Payment will be
paid on a later Interest Payment Date if the closing price of one
share of the Reference Stock on the Review Date related to that
later Interest Payment Date is greater than or equal to the
Interest Barrier. You will not receive any unpaid Contingent
Interest Payments if the closing price of one share of the
Reference Stock on each subsequent Review Date is less than
the Interest Barrier.
Contingent Interest Rate: At least 18.00% per annum, payable
at a rate of at least 1.50% per month (to be provided in the
pricing supplement)
Interest Barrier: 60.00% of the Initial Value
Trigger Value: 50.00% of the Initial Value
Pricing Date: On or about December 23, 2025
Original Issue Date (Settlement Date): On or about December
29, 2025
Review Dates*: January 23, 2026, February 23, 2026, March
23, 2026, April 23, 2026, May 26, 2026, June 23, 2026, July 23,
2026, August 24, 2026, September 23, 2026, October 23, 2026,
November 23, 2026, December 23, 2026, January 25, 2027,
February 23, 2027, March 23, 2027, April 23, 2027, May 24,
2027 and June 23, 2027 (final Review Date)
Interest Payment Dates*: January 28, 2026, February 26,
2026, March 26, 2026, April 28, 2026, May 29, 2026, June 26,
2026, July 28, 2026, August 27, 2026, September 28, 2026,
October 28, 2026, November 27, 2026, December 29, 2026,
January 28, 2027, February 26, 2027, March 29, 2027, April 28,
2027, May 27, 2027 and the Maturity Date
Maturity Date*: June 28, 2027
Call Settlement Date*: If the notes are automatically called on
any Review Date (other than the first, second and final Review
Dates), the first Interest Payment Date immediately following
that Review Date
* Subject to postponement in the event of a market disruption event
and as described under “General Terms of Notes — Postponement
of a Determination Date — Notes Linked to a Single Underlying —
Notes Linked to a Single Underlying (Other Than a Commodity
Index)” and “General Terms of Notes — Postponement of a
Payment Date” in the accompanying product supplement
Automatic Call:
If the closing price of one share of the Reference Stock on any
Review Date (other than the first, second and final Review
Dates) is greater than or equal to the Initial Value, the notes will
be automatically called for a cash payment, for each $1,000
principal amount note, equal to (a) $1,000 plus (b) the
Contingent Interest Payment applicable to that Review Date
plus (c) any previously unpaid Contingent Interest Payments for
any prior Review Dates, payable on the applicable Call
Settlement Date. No further payments will be made on the
notes.
Payment at Maturity:
If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final
Value is greater than or equal to the Trigger Value, you will
receive a cash payment at maturity, for each $1,000 principal
amount note, equal to (a) $1,000 plus (b) the Contingent
Interest Payment, if any, applicable to the final Review Date
plus (c) if the Contingent Interest Payment applicable to the final
Review Date is payable, any previously unpaid Contingent
Interest Payments for any prior Review Dates.
If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final
Value is less than the Trigger Value, your payment at maturity
per $1,000 principal amount note will be calculated as follows:
$1,000 + ($1,000 × Stock Return)
If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final
Value is less than the Trigger Value, you will lose more than
50.00% of your principal amount at maturity and could lose all
of your principal amount at maturity.
Stock Return:
(Final Value – Initial Value)
Initial Value
Initial Value: The closing price of one share of the Reference
Stock on the Pricing Date
Final Value: The closing price of one share of the Reference
Stock on the final Review Date
Stock Adjustment Factor: The Stock Adjustment Factor is
referenced in determining the closing price of one share of the
Reference Stock and is set equal to 1.0 on the Pricing Date.
The Stock Adjustment Factor is subject to adjustment upon the
occurrence of certain corporate events affecting the Reference
Stock. See “The Underlyings — Reference Stocks — Anti-
Dilution Adjustments” and “The Underlyings — Reference
Stocks — Reorganization Events” in the accompanying product
supplement for further information.
PS-2 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the Class A Common
Stock of Palantir Technologies Inc.
Supplemental Terms of the Notes
Any values of the Reference Stock, and any values derived therefrom, included in this pricing supplement may be corrected, in the
event of manifest error or inconsistency, by amendment of this pricing supplement and the corresponding terms of the notes.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the indenture governing the notes, that amendment will become effective without consent of
the holders of the notes or any other party.
How the Notes Work
Payments in Connection with the First and Second Review Dates
Payments in Connection with Review Dates (Other than the First, Second and Final Review Dates)
The closing price of one share of the Reference Stock
is greater than or equal to the Interest Barrier.
The closing price of one share of the Reference Stock
is less than the Interest Barrier.
First and Second Review Dates
Compare the closing price of one share of the Reference Stock to the Interest Barrier on each Review Date.
You will receive (a) a Contingent Interest Payment on the
applicable Interest Payment Date plus (b) any previously unpaid
Conitngent Interest Payments for any prior Review Dates.
Proceed to the next Review Date.
No Contingent Interest Payment will be made with respect to
the applicable Review Date.
Proceed to the next Review Date.
The notes will be automatically called on the applicable Call Settlement Date and you will
receive (a) $1,000 plus (b) the Contingent Interest Payment applicable to that Review Date
plus (c) any previously unpaid Contingent Interest Payments for any prior Review Dates.
No further payments will be made on the notes.
Review Dates (Other than the First, Second and Final Review Dates)
Automatic Call
The closing price of one
share of the Reference
Stock is greater than or
equal to the Initial Value.
The closing price of one
share of the Reference
Stock is less than the
Initial Value.
Initial
Value You will receive (a) a Contingent
Interest Payment on the applicable
Interest Payment Date plus (b) any
previously unpaid Contingent Interest
Payments for any prior Review
Dates.
Proceed to the next Review Date.
The closing price of one
share of the Reference
Stock is greater than or
equal to the Interest
Barrier.
No
Automatic
Call No Contingent Interest Payment will
be made with respect to the
applicable Review Date.
Proceed to the next Review Date.
The closing price of one
share of the Reference Stock
is less than the Interest
Barrier.
Compare the closing price of one share of the Reference Stock to the Initial Value and the Interest Barrier on each Review
Date until the final Review Date or any earlier automatic call.
PS-3 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the Class A Common
Stock of Palantir Technologies Inc.
Payment at Maturity If the Notes Have Not Been Automatically Called
Total Contingent Interest Payments
The table below illustrates the hypothetical total Contingent Interest Payments per $1,000 principal amount note over the term of the
notes based on a hypothetical Contingent Interest Rate of 18.00% per annum, depending on how many Contingent Interest Payments
are made prior to automatic call or maturity. The actual Contingent Interest Rate will be provided in the pricing supplement and will be
at least 18.00% per annum (payable at a rate of at least 1.50% per month).
Number of Contingent
Interest Payments
Total Contingent Interest
Payments
18
$270.00
17
$255.00
16
$240.00
15
$225.00
14
$210.00
13
$195.00
12
$180.00
11
$165.00
10
$150.00
9
$135.00
8
$120.00
7
$105.00
6
$90.00
5
$75.00
4
$60.00
3
$45.00
2
$30.00
1
$15.00
0
$0.00
Review Dates Preceding the
Final Review Date
You will receive (a) $1,000 plus (b) the
Contingent Interest Payment, if any,
applicable to the final Review Date
plus (c) if the Contingent Interest
Payment applicable to the final Review
Date is payable, any previously unpaid
Contingent Interest Payments for any
prior Review Dates.
The notes are not
automatically called.
Proceed to maturity
Final Review Date Payment at Maturity
The Final Value is greater than or equal to the
Trigger Value.
You will receive:
$1,000 + ($1,000 ×Stock Return)
Under these circumstances, you will
lose a significant portion or all of your
principal amount at maturity.
The Final Value is less than the Trigger Value.
PS-4 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the Class A Common
Stock of Palantir Technologies Inc.
Hypothetical Payout Examples
The following examples illustrate payments on the notes linked to a hypothetical Reference Stock, assuming a range of performances
for the hypothetical Reference Stock on the Review Dates. The hypothetical payments set forth below assume the following:
• an Initial Value of $100.00;
• an Interest Barrier of $60.00 (equal to 60.00% of the hypothetical Initial Value);
• a Trigger Value of $50.00 (equal to 50.00% of the hypothetical Initial Value); and
• a Contingent Interest Rate of 18.00% per annum.
The hypothetical Initial Value of $100.00 has been chosen for illustrative purposes only and may not represent a likely actual Initial
Value. The actual Initial Value will be the closing price of one share of the Reference Stock on the Pricing Date and will be provided in
the pricing supplement. For historical data regarding the actual closing prices of one share of the Reference Stock, please see the
historical information set forth under “The Reference Stock” in this pricing supplement.
Each hypothetical payment set forth below is for illustrative purposes only and may not be the actual payment applicable to a purchaser
of the notes. The numbers appearing in the following examples have been rounded for ease of analysis.
Example 1 — Notes are automatically called on the third Review Date.
Date
Closing Price
Payment (per $1,000 principal amount note)
First Review Date
$105.00
$15.00
Second Review Date
$110.00
$15.00
Third Review Date
$115.00
$1,015.00
Total Payment
$1,045.00 (4.50% return)
Because the closing price of one share of the Reference Stock on the third Review Date is greater than or equal to the Initial Value, the
notes will be automatically called for a cash payment, for each $1,000 principal amount note, of $1,015.00 (or $1,000 plus the
Contingent Interest Payment applicable to the third Review Date), payable on the applicable Call Settlement Date. The notes are not
automatically callable before the third Review Date, even though the closing price of one share of the Reference Stock on each of the
first and second Review Dates is greater than the Initial Value. When added to the Contingent Interest Payments received with respect
to the prior Review Dates, the total amount paid, for each $1,000 principal amount note, is $1,045.00. No further payments will be
made on the notes.
Example 2 — Notes have NOT been automatically called and the Final Value is greater than or equal to the Trigger Value and
the Interest Barrier.
Date
Closing Price
Payment (per $1,000 principal amount note)
First Review Date
$90.00
$15.00
Second Review Date
$85.00
$15.00
Third through
Seventeenth Review
Dates
Less than Interest Barrier
$0
Final Review Date
$90.00
$1,24 0.00
Total Payment
$1,27 0.00 (27.00% return)
Because the notes have not been automatically called and the Final Value is greater than or equal to the Trigger Value and the Interest
Barrier, the payment at maturity, for each $1,000 principal amount note, will be $1,240.00 (or $1,000 plus the Contingent Interest
Payment applicable to the final Review Date plus the unpaid Contingent Interest Payments for any prior Review Dates). When added
to the Contingent Interest Payments received with respect to the prior Review Dates, the total amount paid, for each $1,000 principal
amount note, is $1,270.00.
PS-5 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the Class A Common
Stock of Palantir Technologies Inc.
Example 3 — Notes have NOT been automatically called and the Final Value is less than the Interest Barrier but is greater than
or equal to the Trigger Value.
Date
Closing Price
Payment (per $1,000 principal amount note)
First Review Date
$95.00
$15.00
Second Review Date
$80.00
$15.00
Third through Seventeenth
Review Dates
Less than Interest Barrier
$0
Final Review Date
$55.00
$1,000.00
Total Payment
$1,030.00 (3.00% return)
Because the notes have not been automatically called and the Final Value is less than the Interest Barrier but is greater than or equal to
the Trigger Value, the payment at maturity, for each $1,000 principal amount note, will be $1,000.00. When added to the Contingent
Interest Payments received with respect to the prior Review Dates, the total amount paid, for each $1,000 principal amount note, is
$1,030.00.
Example 4 — Notes have NOT been automatically called and the Final Value is less than the Trigger Value.
Date
Closing Price
Payment (per $1,000 principal amount note)
First Review Date
$40.00
$0
Second Review Date
$45.00
$0
Third through
Seventeenth Review
Dates
Less than Interest Barrier
$0
Final Review Date
$40.00
$400.00
Total Payment
$400.00 (-60.00% return)
Because the notes have not been automatically called, the Final Value is less than the Trigger Value and the Stock Return is -60.00%,
the payment at maturity will be $400.00 per $1,000 principal amount note, calculated as follows:
$1,000 + [$1,000 × (-60.00%)] = $400.00
The hypothetical returns and hypothetical payments on the notes shown above apply only if you hold the notes for their entire term
or until automatically called. These hypotheticals do not reflect the fees or expenses that would be associated with any sale in the
secondary market. If these fees and expenses were included, the hypothetical returns and hypothetical payments shown above would
likely be lower.
Selected Risk Considerations
An investment in the notes involves significant risks. These risks are explained in more detail in the “Risk Factors” sections of the
accompanying prospectus supplement and product supplement and in Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum.
Risks Relating to the Notes Generally
• YOUR INVESTMENT IN THE NOTES MAY RESULT IN A LOSS —
The notes do not guarantee any return of principal. If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final Value is less than
the Trigger Value, y ou will lose 1% of the principal amount of your notes for every 1% that the Final Value is less than the Initial
Value. Accordingly, under these circumstances, you will lose more than 50.00% of your principal amount at maturity and could
lose all of your principal amount at maturity.
• THE NOTES DO NOT GUARANTEE THE PAYMENT OF INTEREST AND MAY NOT PAY ANY INTEREST AT ALL —
If the notes have not been automatically called, we will make a Contingent Interest Payment with respect to a Review Date (and we
will pay you any previously unpaid Contingent Interest Payments for any prior Review Dates) only if the closing price of one share
of the Reference Stock on that Review Date is greater than or equal to the Interest Barrier. If the closing price of one share of the
Reference Stock on that Review Date is less than the Interest Barrier, no Contingent Interest Payment will be made with respect to
that Review Date. You will not receive any unpaid Contingent Interest Payments if the closing price of one share of the Reference
Stock on each subsequent Review Date is less than the Interest Barrier. Accordingly, if the closing price of one share of the
Reference Stock on each Review Date is less than the Interest Barrier, you will not receive any interest payments over the term of
the notes.
PS-6 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the Class A Common
Stock of Palantir Technologies Inc.
• CREDIT RISKS OF JPMORGAN FINANCIAL AND JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. —
Investors are dependent on our and JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s ability to pay all amounts due on the notes. Any actual or potential
change in our or JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s creditworthiness or credit spreads, as determined by the market for taking that credit
risk, is likely to adversely affect the value of the notes. If we and JPMorgan Chase & Co. were to default on our payment
obligations, you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the notes and you could lose your entire investment.
• AS A FINANCE SUBSIDIARY, JPMORGAN FINANCIAL HAS NO INDEPENDENT OPERATIONS AND HAS LIMITED ASSETS
—
As a finance subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co., we have no independent operations beyond the issuance and administration of
our securities and the collection of intercompany obligations. Aside from the initial capital contribution from JPMorgan Chase &
Co., substantially all of our assets relate to obligations of JPMorgan Chase & Co. to make payments under loans made by us to
JPMorgan Chase & Co. or under other intercompany agreements. As a result, we are dependent upon payments from JPMorgan
Chase & Co. to meet our obligations under the notes. We are not a key operating subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and in a
bankruptcy or resolution of JPMorgan Chase & Co. we are not expected to have sufficient resources to meet our obligations in
respect of the notes as they come due. If JPMorgan Chase & Co. does not make payments to us and we are unable to make
payments on the notes, you may have to seek payment under the related guarantee by JPMorgan Chase & Co., and that
guarantee will rank pari passu with all other unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of JPMorgan Chase & Co. For more
information, see the accompanying prospectus addendum.
• THE APPRECIATION POTENTIAL OF THE NOTES IS LIMITED TO THE SUM OF ANY CONTINGENT INTEREST PAYMENTS
THAT MAY BE PAID OVER THE TERM OF THE NOTES,
regardless of any appreciation of the Reference Stock, which may be significant. You will not participate in any appreciation of the
Reference Stock.
• THE BENEFIT PROVIDED BY THE TRIGGER VALUE MAY TERMINATE ON THE FINAL REVIEW DATE —
If the Final Value is less than the Trigger Value and the notes have not been automatically called, the benefit provided by the
Trigger Value will terminate and you will be fully exposed to any depreciation of the Reference Stock.
• THE AUTOMATIC CALL FEATURE MAY FORCE A POTENTIAL EARLY EXIT —
If your notes are automatically called, the term of the notes may be reduced to as short as approximately three months and you will
not receive any Contingent Interest Payments after the applicable Call Settlement Date. There is no guarantee that you would be
able to reinvest the proceeds from an investment in the notes at a comparable return and/or with a comparable interest rate for a
similar level of risk. Even in cases where the notes are called before maturity, you are not entitled to any fees and commissions
described on the front cover of this pricing supplement.
• YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE DIVIDENDS ON THE REFERENCE STOCK OR HAVE ANY RIGHTS WITH RESPECT TO THE
REFERENCE STOCK.
• THE RISK OF THE CLOSING PRICE OF ONE SHARE OF THE REFERENCE STOCK FALLING BELOW THE INTEREST
BARRIER OR THE TRIGGER VALUE IS GREATER IF THE PRICE OF ONE SHARE OF THE REFERENCE STOCK IS
VOLATILE.
• LACK OF LIQUIDITY —
The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. Accordingly, the price at which you may be able to trade your notes is
likely to depend on the price, if any, at which JPMS is willing to buy the notes. You may not be able to sell your notes. The notes
are not designed to be short-term trading instruments. Accordingly, you should be able and willing to hold your notes to maturity.
• THE FINAL TERMS AND VALUATION OF THE NOTES WILL BE PROVIDED IN THE PRICING SUPPLEMENT —
You should consider your potential investment in the notes based on the minimums for the estimated value of the notes and the
Contingent Interest Rate.
Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest
• POTENTIAL CONFLICTS —
We and our affiliates play a variety of roles in connection with the notes. In performing these duties, our and JPMorgan Chase &
Co.’s economic interests are potentially adverse to your interests as an investor in the notes. It is possible that hedging or trading
activities of ours or our affiliates in connection with the notes could result in substantial returns for us or our affiliates while the
PS-7 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the Class A Common
Stock of Palantir Technologies Inc.
value of the notes declines. Please refer to “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest” in the accompanying product
supplement.
Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes
• THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES WILL BE LOWER THAN THE ORIGINAL ISSUE PRICE (PRICE TO PUBLIC) OF
THE NOTES —
The estimated value of the notes is only an estimate determined by reference to several factors. The original issue price of the
notes will exceed the estimated value of the notes because costs associated with selling, structuring and hedging the notes are
included in the original issue price of the notes. These costs include the selling commissions, the projected profits, if any, that our
affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes and the estimated cost of hedging
our obligations under the notes. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
• THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES DOES NOT REPRESENT FUTURE VALUES OF THE NOTES AND MAY DIFFER
FROM OTHERS’ ESTIMATES —
See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
• THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES IS DERIVED BY REFERENCE TO AN INTERNAL FUNDING RATE —
The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied funding
rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference may
be based on, among other things, our and our affiliates’ view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance,
operational and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income
instruments of JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may
prove to be incorrect, and is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an
internal funding rate and any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any
secondary market prices of the notes. See “The Estimated Value of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
• THE VALUE OF THE NOTES AS PUBLISHED BY JPMS (AND WHICH MAY BE REFLECTED ON CUSTOMER ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS) MAY BE HIGHER THAN THE THEN-CURRENT ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES FOR A LIMITED TIME
PERIOD —
We generally expect that some of the costs included in the original issue price of the notes will be partially paid back to you in
connection with any repurchases of your notes by JPMS in an amount that will decline to zero over an initial predetermined period.
See “Secondary Market Prices of the Notes” in this pricing supplement for additional information relating to this initial period.
Accordingly, the estimated value of your notes during this initial period may be lower than the value of the notes as published by
JPMS (and which may be shown on your customer account statements).
• SECONDARY MARKET PRICES OF THE NOTES WILL LIKELY BE LOWER THAN THE ORIGINAL ISSUE PRICE OF THE
NOTES —
Any secondary market prices of the notes will likely be lower than the original issue price of the notes because, among other
things, secondary market prices take into account our internal secondary market funding rates for structured debt issuances and,
also, because secondary market prices may exclude selling commissions, projected hedging profits, if any, and estimated hedging
costs that are included in the original issue price of the notes. As a result, the price, if any, at which JPMS will be willing to buy the
notes from you in secondary market transactions, if at all, is likely to be lower than the original issue price. Any sale by you prior to
the Maturity Date could result in a substantial loss to you.
• SECONDARY MARKET PRICES OF THE NOTES WILL BE IMPACTED BY MANY ECONOMIC AND MARKET FACTORS —
The secondary market price of the notes during their term will be impacted by a number of economic and market factors, which
may either offset or magnify each other, aside from the selling commissions, projected hedging profits, if any, estimated hedging
costs and the price of one share of the Reference Stock. Additionally, independent pricing vendors and/or third party broker-
dealers may publish a price for the notes, which may also be reflected on customer account statements. This price may be
different (higher or lower) than the price of the notes, if any, at which JPMS may be willing to purchase your notes in the secondary
market. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — Secondary
market prices of the notes will be impacted by many economic and market factors” in the accompanying product supplement.
PS-8 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the Class A Common
Stock of Palantir Technologies Inc.
Risks Relating to the Reference Stock
• NO AFFILIATION WITH THE REFERENCE STOCK ISSUER —
We have not independently verified any of the information about the Reference Stock issuer contained in this pricing supplement.
You should undertake your own investigation into the Reference Stock and its issuer. We are not responsible for the Reference
Stock issuer’s public disclosure of information, whether contained in SEC filings or otherwise.
• LIMITED TRADING HISTORY —
The Reference Stock commenced trading on the New York Stock Exchange on September 30, 2020 (but currently trades on The
Nasdaq Stock Market) and therefore has limited historical performance. Accordingly, historical information for the Reference Stock
is available only since that date. Past performance should not be considered indicative of future performance.
• THE ANTI-DILUTION PROTECTION FOR THE REFERENCE STOCK IS LIMITED AND MAY BE DISCRETIONARY —
The calculation agent will not make an adjustment in response to all events that could affect the Reference Stock. The calculation
agent may make adjustments in response to events that are not described in the accompanying product supplement to account for
any diluting or concentrative effect, but the calculation agent is under no obligation to do so or to consider your interests as a
holder of the notes in making these determinations.
PS-9 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the Class A Common
Stock of Palantir Technologies Inc.
The Reference Stock
All information contained herein on the Reference Stock and on Palantir is derived from publicly available sources, without independent
verification. According to its publicly available filings with the SEC, Palantir builds and deploys software platforms. The Class A
common stock of Palantir, par value $0.001 per share (Bloomberg ticker: PLTR), is registered under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended, which we refer to as the Exchange Act, and is listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market, which we refer to as the relevant
exchange for purposes of Palantir in the accompanying product supplement. Information provided to or filed with the SEC by Palantir
pursuant to the Exchange Act can be located by reference to the SEC file number 001-39540, and can be accessed through
www.sec.gov. We do not make any representation that these publicly available documents are accurate or complete.
Historical Information
The following graph sets forth the historical performance of the Reference Stock based on the weekly historical closing prices of one
share of the Reference Stock from October 2, 2020 through December 12, 2025. The Reference Stock commenced trading on the
New York Stock Exchange on September 30, 2020 (but currently trades on The Nasdaq Stock Market) and therefore has limited
historical performance. The closing price of one share of the Reference Stock on December 15, 2025 was $183.25. We obtained the
closing prices above and below from the Bloomberg Professional® service (“Bloomberg”), without independent verification. The closing
prices above and below may have been adjusted by Bloomberg for corporate actions, such as stock splits, public offerings, mergers
and acquisitions, spin-offs, delistings and bankruptcy.
The historical closing prices of one share of the Reference Stock should not be taken as an indication of future performance, and no
assurance can be given as to the closing price of one share of the Reference Stock on the Pricing Date or any Review Date. There can
be no assurance that the performance of the Reference Stock will result in the return of any of your principal amount or the payment of
any interest.
Tax Treatment
You should review carefully the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences” in the accompanying product
supplement no. 4-I. In determining our reporting responsibilities we intend to treat (i) the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes as
prepaid forward contracts with associated contingent coupons and (ii) any Contingent Interest Payments as ordinary income, as
described in the section entitled “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences — Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders — Notes
Treated as Prepaid Forward Contracts with Associated Contingent Coupons” in the accompanying product supplement. Based on the
advice of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, our special tax counsel, we believe that this is a reasonable treatment, but that there are other
reasonable treatments that the IRS or a court may adopt, in which case the timing and character of any income or loss on the notes
could be materially affected. In addition, in 2007 Treasury and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on the U.S. federal
income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and similar instruments. The notice focuses in particular on whether to require
investors in these instruments to accrue income over the term of their investment. It also asks for comments on a number of related
topics, including the character of income or loss with respect to these instruments and the relevance of factors such as the nature of the
underlying property to which the instruments are linked. While the notice requests comments on appropriate transition rules and
effective dates, any Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially affect the
PS-10 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the Class A Common
Stock of Palantir Technologies Inc.
tax consequences of an investment in the notes, possibly with retroactive effect. The discussions above and in the accompanying
product supplement do not address the consequences to taxpayers subject to special tax accounting rules under Section 451(b) of the
Code. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes,
including possible alternative treatments and the issues presented by the notice described above.
Non-U.S. Holders — Tax Considerations. The U.S. federal income tax treatment of Contingent Interest Payments is uncertain, and
although we believe it is reasonable to take a position that Contingent Interest Payments are not subject to U.S. withholding tax (at least
if an applicable Form W-8 is provided), it is expected that withholding agents will (and we, if we are the withholding agent, intend to)
withhold on any Contingent Interest Payment paid to a Non-U.S. Holder generally at a rate of 30% or at a reduced rate specified by an
applicable income tax treaty under an “other income” or similar provision. We will not be required to pay any additional amounts with
respect to amounts withheld. In order to claim an exemption from, or a reduction in, the 30% withholding tax, a Non-U.S. Holder of the
notes must comply with certification requirements to establish that it is not a U.S. person and is eligible for such an exemption or
reduction under an applicable tax treaty. If you are a Non-U.S. Holder, you should consult your tax adviser regarding the tax treatment
of the notes, including the possibility of obtaining a refund of any withholding tax and the certification requirement described above.
Section 871(m) of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 871(m)”) generally impose a 30% withholding
tax (unless an income tax treaty applies) on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain
financial instruments linked to U.S. equities or indices that include U.S. equities. Section 871(m) provides certain exceptions to this
withholding regime, including for instruments linked to certain broad-based indices that meet requirements set forth in the applicable
Treasury regulations. Additionally, a recent IRS notice excludes from the scope of Section 871(m) instruments issued prior to January
1, 2027 that do not have a delta of one with respect to underlying securities that could pay U.S.-source dividends for U.S. federal
income tax purposes (each an “Underlying Security”). Based on certain determinations made by us, we expect that Section 871(m) will
not apply to the notes with regard to Non-U.S. Holders. Our determination is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with
this determination. Section 871(m) is complex and its application may depend on your particular circumstances, including whether you
enter into other transactions with respect to an Underlying Security. If necessary, further information regarding the potential application
of Section 871(m) will be provided in the pricing supplement for the notes. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the potential
application of Section 871(m) to the notes.
In the event of any withholding on the notes, we will not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts so withheld.
The Estimated Value of the Notes
The estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement is equal to the sum of the values of the following
hypothetical components: (1) a fixed-income debt component with the same maturity as the notes, valued using the internal funding
rate described below, and (2) the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes. The estimated value of the
notes does not represent a minimum price at which JPMS would be willing to buy your notes in any secondary market (if any exists) at
any time. The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied
funding rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference
may be based on, among other things, our and our affiliates’ view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance,
operational and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income
instruments of JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may prove
to be incorrect, and is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an internal
funding rate and any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any secondary market
prices of the notes. For additional information, see “Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and
Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — The Estimated Value of the Notes Is Derived by Reference to an Internal Funding Rate” in this
pricing supplement.
The value of the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes is derived from internal pricing models of our
affiliates. These models are dependent on inputs such as the traded market prices of comparable derivative instruments and on
various other inputs, some of which are market-observable, and which can include volatility, dividend rates, interest rates and other
factors, as well as assumptions about future market events and/or environments. Accordingly, the estimated value of the notes is
determined when the terms of the notes are set based on market conditions and other relevant factors and assumptions existing at that
time.
The estimated value of the notes does not represent future values of the notes and may differ from others’ estimates. Different pricing
models and assumptions could provide valuations for the notes that are greater than or less than the estimated value of the notes. In
addition, market conditions and other relevant factors in the future may change, and any assumptions may prove to be incorrect. On
future dates, the value of the notes could change significantly based on, among other things, changes in market conditions, our or
PS-11 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the Class A Common
Stock of Palantir Technologies Inc.
JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s creditworthiness, interest rate movements and other relevant factors, which may impact the price, if any, at
which JPMS would be willing to buy notes from you in secondary market transactions.
The estimated value of the notes will be lower than the original issue price of the notes because costs associated with selling,
structuring and hedging the notes are included in the original issue price of the notes. These costs include the selling commissions
paid to JPMS and other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, the projected profits, if any, that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming
risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes and the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes. Because
hedging our obligations entails risk and may be influenced by market forces beyond our control, this hedging may result in a profit that
is more or less than expected, or it may result in a loss. A portion of the profits, if any, realized in hedging our obligations under the
notes may be allowed to other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, and we or one or more of our affiliates will retain any remaining hedging
profits. See “Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — The
Estimated Value of the Notes Will Be Lower Than the Original Issue Price (Price to Public) of the Notes” in this pricing supplement.
Secondary Market Prices of the Notes
For information about factors that will impact any secondary market prices of the notes, see “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to the
Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — Secondary market prices of the notes will be impacted by many
economic and market factors” in the accompanying product supplement. In addition, we generally expect that some of the costs
included in the original issue price of the notes will be partially paid back to you in connection with any repurchases of your notes by
JPMS in an amount that will decline to zero over an initial predetermined period. These costs can include selling commissions,
projected hedging profits, if any, and, in some circumstances, estimated hedging costs and our internal secondary market funding rates
for structured debt issuances. This initial predetermined time period is intended to be the shorter of six months and one-half of the
stated term of the notes. The length of any such initial period reflects the structure of the notes, whether our affiliates expect to earn a
profit in connection with our hedging activities, the estimated costs of hedging the notes and when these costs are incurred, as
determined by our affiliates. See “Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices
of the Notes — The Value of the Notes as Published by JPMS (and Which May Be Reflected on Customer Account Statements) May
Be Higher Than the Then-Current Estimated Value of the Notes for a Limited Time Period” in this pricing supplement.
Supplemental Use of Proceeds
The notes are offered to meet investor demand for products that reflect the risk-return profile and market exposure provided by the
notes. See “How the Notes Work” and “Hypothetical Payout Examples” in this pricing supplement for an illustration of the risk-return
profile of the notes and “The Reference Stock” in this pricing supplement for a description of the market exposure provided by the
notes.
The original issue price of the notes is equal to the estimated value of the notes plus the selling commissions paid to JPMS and other
affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, plus (minus) the projected profits (losses) that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent
in hedging our obligations under the notes, plus the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes.
Additional Terms Specific to the Notes
You may revoke your offer to purchase the notes at any time prior to the time at which we accept such offer by notifying the applicable
agent. We reserve the right to change the terms of, or reject any offer to purchase, the notes prior to their issuance. In the event of any
changes to the terms of the notes, we will notify you and you will be asked to accept such changes in connection with your purchase.
You may also choose to reject such changes, in which case we may reject your offer to purchase.
You should read this pricing supplement together with the accompanying prospectus, as supplemented by the accompanying
prospectus supplement relating to our Series A medium-term notes of which these notes are a part, the accompanying prospectus
addendum and the more detailed information contained in the accompanying product supplement. This pricing supplement, together
with the documents listed below, contains the terms of the notes and supersedes all other prior or contemporaneous oral statements as
well as any other written materials including preliminary or indicative pricing terms, correspondence, trade ideas, structures for
implementation, sample structures, fact sheets, brochures or other educational materials of ours. You should carefully consider, among
other things, the matters set forth in the “Risk Factors” sections of the accompanying prospectus supplement and the accompanying
product supplement and in Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum, as the notes involve risks not associated with
conventional debt securities. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the
notes.
PS-12 | Structured Investments
Auto Callable Contingent Interest Notes Linked to the Class A Common
Stock of Palantir Technologies Inc.
You may access these documents on the SEC website at www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our
filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):
• Product supplement no. 4-I dated April 13, 2023:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/19617/000121390023029539/ea152803_424b2.pdf
• Prospectus supplement and prospectus, each dated April 13, 2023:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/19617/000095010323005751/crt_dp192097-424b2.pdf
• Prospectus addendum dated June 3, 2024:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1665650/000095010324007599/dp211753_424b3.htm
Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website is 1665650, and JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s CIK is 19617. As used in this pricing
supplement, “we,” “us” and “our” refer to JPMorgan Financial.