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Net debt | 12 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2021
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Net debt | 20 Net debt The Group seeks to maintain a strong balance sheet and deploys its capital with reference to the Capital Allocation Framework. The Group monitors capital using the net debt balance and the gearing ratio, being the ratio of net debt to net debt plus net assets. The net debt definition includes the fair value of derivative financial instruments used to hedge cash and borrowings which reflects the Group’s risk management strategy of reducing the volatility of net debt caused by fluctuations in foreign exchange and interest rates. Vessel lease contracts, under IFRS 16 are required to be remeasured at each reporting date to the prevailing freight index. While these liabilities are included in the Group interest bearing liabilities, they are excluded from the net debt calculation as they do not align with how the Group assesses net debt for decision making in relation to the Capital Allocation Framework. In addition, the freight index has historically been volatile which creates significant short-term fluctuation in these liabilities.
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 Restated |
US$M |  | Current |  |  | Non-current |  |  | Current |  |  | Non-current |
Interest bearing liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bank loans |  |  | 437 |  |  |  | 1,823 |  |  |  | 737 |  |  |  | 1,755 |
Notes and debentures |  |  | 1,244 |  |  |  | 13,525 |  |  |  | 3,354 |  |  |  | 17,691 |
Lease liabilities |  |  | 889 |  |  |  | 3,007 |  |  |  | 853 |  |  |  | 2,590 |
Bank overdraft and short-term borrowings |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |
Other |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 68 |  |  |  | – |
Total interest bearing liabilities |  |  | 2,628 |  |  |  | 18,355 |  |  |  | 5,012 |  |  |  | 22,036 |
Less: Lease liability associated with index-linked freight contracts |  |  | 346 |  |  |  | 679 |  |  |  | 379 |  |  |  | 781 |
Less: Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  |  | 4,408 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 3,493 |  |  |  | – |
Short-term deposits |  |  | 10,838 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 9,933 |  |  |  | – |
Less: Total cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 15,246 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 13,426 |  |  |  | – |
Less: Derivatives included in net debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net debt management related instruments (1) |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 537 |  |  |  | (162 | ) |  |  | 595 |
Net cash management related instruments (2) |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | (15 | ) |  |  | – |
Less: Total derivatives included in net debt |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | 537 |  |  |  | (177 | ) |  |  | 595 |
Net debt |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,121 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12,044 |
Net assets (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 55,605 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 52,175 |
Gearing |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18.8 | %
(1) | Represents the net cross currency and interest rate swaps designated as effective hedging instruments included within current and non-current other financial assets and liabilities.
(2) | Represents the net forward exchange contracts included within current and non-current other financial assets and liabilities.
(3) | 30 June 2020 net assets have been restated to reflect changes to the Group’s accounting policy following a decision by the IFRS Interpretations Committee on IAS 12 ‘Income Taxes’ resulting in a retrospective decrease of US$71 million. Refer to note 39 ‘New and amended accounting standards and interpretations and changes to accounting policies’.
Cash and short-term deposits are disclosed in the cash flow statement net of bank overdrafts and interest bearing liabilities at call.
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
|  | US$M |  |  | US$M |  |  | US$M |
Total cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 15,246 |  |  |  | 13,426 |  |  |  | 15,613 |
Bank overdrafts and short-term borrowings |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | (20 | )
Total cash and cash equivalents, net of overdrafts |  |  | 15,246 |  |  |  | 13,426 |  |  |  | 15,593 |
Recognition and measurement Cash and short-term deposits in the balance sheet comprise cash at bank and on hand and highly liquid cash deposits with short-term maturities that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with insignificant risk of change in value. The Group considers that the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents approximate fair value due to their short term to maturity. Cash and cash equivalents includes US$159 million (2020: US$96 million) restricted by legal or contractual arrangements. Interest bearing liabilities and cash and cash equivalents include balances denominated in the following currencies:
|  | Interest bearing liabilities |  |  | Cash and cash equivalents |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | US$M |  |  | US$M |  |  | US$M |  |  | US$M |
USD |  |  | 11,146 |  |  |  | 14,625 |  |  |  | 12,003 |  |  |  | 9,555 |
EUR |  |  | 4,505 |  |  |  | 7,323 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 4 |
GBP |  |  | 3,415 |  |  |  | 3,272 |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | 519 |
AUD |  |  | 1,053 |  |  |  | 1,055 |  |  |  | 573 |  |  |  | 1,011 |
CAD |  |  | 635 |  |  |  | 597 |  |  |  | 2,455 |  |  |  | 2,131 |
Other |  |  | 229 |  |  |  | 176 |  |  |  | 179 |  |  |  | 206 |
Total |  |  | 20,983 |  |  |  | 27,048 |  |  |  | 15,246 |  |  |  | 13,426 |
The Group enters into derivative transactions to convert the majority of its exposures above into US dollars. Further information on the Group’s risk management activities relating to these balances is provided in note 23 ‘Financial risk management’. Liquidity risk The Group’s liquidity risk arises from the possibility that it may not be able to settle or meet its obligations as they fall due and is managed as part of the portfolio risk management strategy. Operational, capital and regulatory requirements are considered in the management of liquidity risk, in conjunction with short-term and long-term forecast information. Recognising the cyclical volatility of operating cash flows, the Group has defined minimum target cash and liquidity buffers to be maintained to mitigate liquidity risk and support operations through the cycle. The Group’s strong credit profile, diversified funding sources, its minimum cash buffer and its committed credit facilities ensure that sufficient liquid funds are maintained to meet its daily cash requirements. The Group’s Moody’s credit rating has remained at A2/P-1 outlook stable (long-term/short-term) throughout FY2021. Moody’s affirmed its credit rating on 31 May 2021. The Group’s Standard & Poor’s rating changed from A/A-1 outlook stable (long-term/short-term) to A/A-1 CreditWatch negative (long-term/short-term) on 23 August 2021. There were no defaults on the Group’s liabilities during the period. Counterparty risk The Group is exposed to credit risk from its financing activities, including short-term cash investments such as deposits with banks and derivative contracts. This risk is managed by Group Treasury in line with the counterparty risk framework, which aims to minimise the exposure to a counterparty and mitigate the risk of financial loss through counterparty failure. Exposure to counterparties is monitored at a Group level across all products and includes exposure with derivatives and cash investments. Investments and derivatives are only transacted with approved counterparties who have been assigned specific limits based on a quantitative credit risk model. These limits are updated at least bi-annually. Additionally, derivatives are subject to tenor limits and investments are subject to concentration limits by rating. Derivative fair values are inclusive of valuation adjustments that take into account both the counterparty and the Group’s risk of default. Standby arrangements and unused credit facilities The Group’s committed revolving credit facility operates as a back-stop to the Group’s uncommitted commercial paper program. The combined amount drawn under the facility or as commercial paper will not exceed US$5.5 billion. As at 30 June 2021, US$ nil commercial paper was drawn (2020: US$ nil). During the year, the Group completed a one-year extension to the facility which is now due to mature on 10 October 2025. A commitment fee is payable on the undrawn balance and an interest rate comprising an interbank rate plus a margin applies to any drawn balance. The agreed margins are typical for a credit facility extended to a company with the Group’s credit rating. Maturity profile of financial liabilities The maturity profile of the Group’s financial liabilities based on the undiscounted contractual amounts, taking into account the derivatives related to debt, is as follows:
2021 US$M |  | Bank loans, debentures and other loans |  |  | Expected future interest payments |  |  | Derivatives related to debentures |  |  | Other derivatives |  |  | Obligations under lease liabilities |  |  | Trade and other payables (1) |  |  | Total |
Due for payment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In one year or less or on demand |  |  | 1,722 |  |  |  | 729 |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 149 |  |  |  | 980 |  |  |  | 6,851 |  |  |  | 10,492 |
In more than one year but not more than two years |  |  | 2,278 |  |  |  | 661 |  |  |  | 267 |  |  |  | 80 |  |  |  | 680 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 3,966 |
In more than two years but not more than five years |  |  | 4,062 |  |  |  | 1,492 |  |  |  | 256 |  |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | 1,397 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 7,447 |
In more than five year s |  |  | 7,801 |  |  |  | 4,136 |  |  |  | 585 |  |  |  | 317 |  |  |  | 1,842 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 14,681 |
Total |  |  | 15,863 |  |  |  | 7,018 |  |  |  | 1,169 |  |  |  | 786 |  |  |  | 4,899 |  |  |  | 6,851 |  |  |  | 36,586 |
Carrying amount |  |  | 17,087 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 586 |  |  |  | 690 |  |  |  | 3,896 |  |  |  | 6,851 |  |  |  | 29,110 |
2020 US$M |  | Bank loans, debentures and other loans |  |  | Expected future interest payments |  |  | Derivatives related to debentures |  |  | Other derivatives |  |  | Obligations under lease liabilities |  |  | Trade and other payables (1) |  |  | Total |
Due for payment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In one year or less or on demand |  |  | 4,138 |  |  |  | 813 |  |  |  | 260 |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | 927 |  |  |  | 5,622 |  |  |  | 11,820 |
In more than one year but not more than two years |  |  | 1,665 |  |  |  | 702 |  |  |  | 81 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 630 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 3,079 |
In more than two years but not more than five years |  |  | 5,727 |  |  |  | 1,713 |  |  |  | 819 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 1,335 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 9,594 |
In more than five years |  |  | 10,101 |  |  |  | 4,368 |  |  |  | 974 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 1,043 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 16,486 |
Total |  |  | 21,631 |  |  |  | 7,596 |  |  |  | 2,134 |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | 3,935 |  |  |  | 5,623 |  |  |  | 40,979 |
Carrying amount |  |  | 23,605 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 1,579 |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | 3,443 |  |  |  | 5,623 |  |  |  | 34,310 |
(1) | Excludes input taxes of US$176 million (2020: US$145 million) included in other payables. Refer to note 9 ‘Trade and other payables’.

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