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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020
Operating activities: |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ 21,856 | $ (22,180) | $ (44,225)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation, amortization and accretion | 3,571 | 10,446 | 9,056
Goodwill and capitalized software development impairment | 0 | 15,663 | 25,007
Valuation allowance | (21,850) | 0 | 22,108
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) | 903 | (5,483) | 438
Stock-based compensation | 3,827 | 7,239 | 5,508
Provisions for credit losses, service credits and other | 1,777 | 1,162 | 1,212
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (1,757) | 1,833 | (1,588)
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (88) | 2,594 | 1,445
Net operating lease liabilities | 357 | 763 | 10
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other | (2,258) | (679) | 4,017
Deferred revenue | 118 | (3,390) | 3,175
Net cash provided by operating activities | 6,456 | 7,968 | 26,163
Investing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment | (3,776) | (4,393) | (3,455)
Capitalized software development | 0 | (10,842) | (11,252)
Purchase of short-term investments | (14,967) | (44,990) | (59,864)
Maturity of short-term investments | 30,000 | 60,000 | 60,000
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 11,257 | (225) | (14,571)
Financing activities: |  |  |
Cash distributions to stockholders | (25,011) | (10,025) | (9,771)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 0 | 132 | 301
Purchase of common stock for tax withholding on vested equity awards | (1,210) | (1,860) | (903)
Net cash used in financing activities | (26,221) | (11,753) | (10,373)
Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents | (321) | (136) | 149
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (8,829) | (4,146) | 1,368
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 44,583 | 48,729 | 47,361
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | 35,754 | 44,583 | 48,729
Supplemental disclosure: |  |  |
Income taxes paid/(refunded) | $ 223 | $ (126) | $ 1

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