<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-26-022858.txt : 20260303
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20260303161537
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-26-022858
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		13
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20260226
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20260303
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20260303

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Quanex Building Products CORP
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001423221
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	ROLLING DRAWING & EXTRUDING OF NONFERROUS METALS [3350]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	04 Manufacturing
		EIN:				261561397
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1031

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-33913
		FILM NUMBER:		26714368

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		945 BUNKER HILL RD
		STREET 2:		SUITE 900
		CITY:			HOUSTON
		STATE:			TX
		ZIP:			77024
		BUSINESS PHONE:		7139614600

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		945 BUNKER HILL RD
		STREET 2:		SUITE 900
		CITY:			HOUSTON
		STATE:			TX
		ZIP:			77024
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 18pt"><b>UNITED STATES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 18pt"><b>SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>



<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>FORM <span id="xdx_90B_edei--DocumentType_c20260226__20260226_zxcv7vlEJXfl"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2026-02-26" id="Fact000010" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of<br/>
 the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported):
<span id="xdx_909_edei--DocumentPeriodEndDate_c20260226__20260226_zrlD7Own0cSd"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2026-02-26" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" id="Fact000011" name="dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate">February 26, 2026</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>



<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span id="xdx_90A_edei--EntityRegistrantName_c20260226__20260226_zNvMaxkV9Ii6"><b><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2026-02-26" id="Fact000012" name="dei:EntityRegistrantName">QUANEX
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its
charter)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<td style="text-align: center; width: 3%; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
<td style="text-align: center; width: 33%"><span id="xdx_903_edei--EntityFileNumber_c20260226__20260226_zr8oKZmsnLjf"><b><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2026-02-26" id="Fact000014" name="dei:EntityFileNumber">1-33913</ix:nonNumeric></b></span></td>
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<td style="text-align: center">(State or other jurisdiction <br/>
of incorporation)</td>
<td style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
<td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Commission
File Number) </span></td>
<td style="text-align: center; font-size: 10pt"/><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(IRS
                                            Employer Identification No.) </span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">Registrant&#8217;s telephone
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.25in; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify">Check
the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under
any of the following provisions:&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
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                                            communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-indent: 0"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%">
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    <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span id="xdx_907_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20260226__20260226_zD7kuTYVMsDc" style="font-family: Wingdings"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2026-02-26" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000023" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-indent: 0"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span id="xdx_909_edei--PreCommencementTenderOffer_c20260226__20260226_z6mvdyX1uaPf" style="font-family: Wingdings"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2026-02-26" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000024" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pre-commencement
                                            communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</span></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-indent: 0"></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span id="xdx_905_edei--PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_c20260226__20260226_z52v9DiX80F8" style="font-family: Wingdings"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2026-02-26" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000025" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pre-commencement
                                            communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify">Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: middle; padding-top: 1pt; width: 37%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Title
    of each Class</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; padding-top: 1pt; width: 28%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Trading
    <br/>
    Symbol(s)</b></span></td>
    <td style="border: Black 1pt solid; padding-top: 1pt; width: 35%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name
    of each exchange on which registered</b></span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt"><span id="xdx_906_edei--Security12bTitle_c20260226__20260226_zEK0sa6x2Ro" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2026-02-26" id="Fact000026" name="dei:Security12bTitle">Common
    Stock, par value $0.01 per share</ix:nonNumeric></span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule&#160;405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405
of this chapter) or Rule&#160;12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: left">Emerging growth company <span id="xdx_907_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20260226__20260226_zV0XG3eqpNee" style="font-family: Wingdings"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2026-02-26" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000029" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 2pt solid; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Item 5.03. Amendments to Articles of Incorporation
or Bylaws.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Amendments to Bylaws</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>&#160;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt">On February 26, 2026, the
Board of Directors (the &#8220;Board&#8221;) of Quanex Building Products Corporation (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) approved several amendments
to the Company&#8217;s Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws (the &#8220;Bylaws&#8221;). The amendments to the Bylaws were the result of
a comprehensive review to modernize the Bylaws consistent with applicable law, including to:</p>

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<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">expressly authorize stockholder meetings to be held solely by means of remote communication, as permitted
by Section 211(a)(2) of the Delaware General Corporation law (the &#8220;DGCL&#8221;), specifying that the notice of the adjourned meeting
time is not required if the time, place and means of remote communication are announced at the original meeting;</td></tr></table>

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<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">address the SEC&#8217;s universal proxy rules under Rule&#160;14a-19 of the Securities Exchange Act of
1943, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;), where stockholders seeking to nominate director candidates must now comply with Rule
14a-19, and if a stockholder provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) but subsequently fails to comply with the solicitation requirements
or abandons its solicitation efforts, the nominations will be deemed null and void;</td></tr></table>

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<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">enhance procedural mechanics and disclosure requirements in connection with stockholder nominations of
directors or proposed business, including requiring additional background information and disclosures regarding proposing stockholders,
proposed business or nominees, and other persons related to a stockholder&#8217;s solicitation of proxies, including ownership interests
in derivative equity securities;</td></tr></table>

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<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">authorize the Company to request information from proposed director nominees to determine whether they
satisfy any requirements or qualifications set forth in the Bylaws or applicable stock exchange listing requirements, including with respect
to independence standards;</td></tr></table>

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<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">remove transitory language relating to previously completed declassification of the Board;</td></tr></table>

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<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">establish &#8220;emergency bylaws&#8221; in accordance with Section 110 of the DGCL, where, during an
emergency condition, the directors in attendance at a board meeting will constitute a quorum, and such directors may take action to appoint
additional members to standing or temporary committees as necessary to exercise the authority contemplated by Section 110 of the DGCL;
and</td></tr></table>

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<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">modernize communication methods to authorize the Company to provide notice to directors by video conference,
and also expressly reference email and other forms of electronic transmission as defined in Section 232 of the DGCL, including the removal
of outdated communication methods.</td></tr></table>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt">The amendments to the Bylaws
also incorporate various non-material updates and technical, modernizing, and conforming changes. The foregoing discussion is qualified
in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Fifth Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, which are attached to this Current
Report on Form 8-K as Exhibit 3.1 and incorporated by reference herein.</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 5.07. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.45in">On February 26, 2026, the
<span style="background-color: white">Company held its Annual Meeting of Stockholders, pursuant to notice and proxy mailed on or about
January 28, 2026, to</span> the Company&#8217;s stockholders of record as of January 7, 2026. There were 45,938,400 shares of common stock
entitled to vote at the meeting, and a total of 39,532,896 shares were represented at the meeting in person or by proxy.</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At the Annual Meeting, eight
directors were elected for terms expiring at the Company&#8217;s 2027 Annual Meeting, with the following tabulation of votes for each
nominee:</p>

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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">Director Nominee</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Votes For</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Votes Against</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Abstain</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Broker<br/>
 Non-Votes</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Percent of<br/>
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in Favor *</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 30%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Bradley Hughes	</td><td style="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 12%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">36,929,772</td><td style="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 12%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">1,285,758</td><td style="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 12%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">6,579</td><td style="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 12%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">1,310,787</td><td style="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 12%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.65pt">96.64%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Mary Lawler	</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">38,080,066</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">136,040</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">6,003</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">1,310,787</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.65pt">99.64%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Jason Lippert	</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">36,909,057</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">1,262,369</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">50,684</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">1,310,787</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.65pt">96.69%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Donald Maier	</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">34,559,170</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">3,610,004</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">52,934</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">1,310,787</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.65pt">90.54%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Manish Shah	</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">36,933,959</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">1,269,798</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">18,353</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">1,310,787</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.65pt">96.68%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Amit Singhi	</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">36,940,567</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">1,263,551</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">17,992</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">1,310,787</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.65pt">96.69%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">William Waltz, Jr.	</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">36,944,620</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">1,223,669</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">53,820</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">1,310,787</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.65pt">96.79%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">George Wilson	</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">37,749,921</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">462,805</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">9,384</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">1,310,787</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.65pt">98.79%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.65pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="5" style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><i>*Excludes Abstentions and Broker Non-Votes</i></span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.4pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-left: 5.65pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">In addition to the election
of directors, stockholders at the Annual Meeting took the following actions:</p>

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<td style="width: 0.75in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Provided an advisory &#8220;say on pay&#8221; vote approving the compensation of the Company&#8217;s named
executive officers;</td></tr></table>

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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.75in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Ratified the Audit Committee&#8217;s appointment of KPMG LLP as the Company&#8217;s independent
auditor for the fiscal year ending October 31, 2026;</td></tr></table>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The tabulation of votes for
the &#8220;say on pay&#8221; and auditor ratification proposals is set forth below:</p>

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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">Proposal</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Votes For</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Votes Against</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Abstain</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Broker <br/>
Non-Votes</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Percent of <br/>
Shares Cast <br/>
in Favor *</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 30%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Advisory Vote to Approve Named Executive Officer Compensation</td><td style="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 12%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">37,367,470</td><td style="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 12%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">831,040</td><td style="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 12%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">23,600</td><td style="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 12%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">1,310,787</td><td style="width: 2%; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 12%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">97.82%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Ratification of Company&#8217;s Independent Auditor</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">39,399,858</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">124,387</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">8,651</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">-</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">99.69%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 90%"><a href="tm267884d1_ex3-1.htm">Fifth Amended and Restated By laws of the Registrant dated as of
    February 26, 2026</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">104</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</td></tr>
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<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 48%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 5%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 47%; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>QUANEX BUILDING PRODUCTS CORPORATION</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Date: March 3, 2026</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">/s/ Paul B. Cornett</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"/></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><i>Senior Vice President &#8211; General Counsel and Secretary</i></span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-3.1
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<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 3.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 3.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Effective as of February&nbsp;26, 2026</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>FIFTH AMENDED AND RESTATED
BY-LAWS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>of</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>QUANEX BUILDING PRODUCTS
CORPORATION</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">(a Delaware Corporation)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;I</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Offices</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.1. Registered Office.</B>
The Corporation shall at all times maintain a registered office in the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>1.2. Other Offices.</B>
The Corporation may also have offices at such other places within or outside of the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors shall
from time to time appoint or the business of the Corporation require.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;II</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Capital Stock</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.1. Issuance of Stock.</B>
The Board of Directors may authorize the issuance of the capital stock of the Corporation at such times, for such consideration, and on
such terms and conditions as the Board may deem advisable, subject to any restrictions and provisions of law, the Certificate of Incorporation
of the Corporation as amended and restated from time to time (the &ldquo;Certificate of Incorporation&rdquo;) or any other provisions
of these By-laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.2. Certificates for Shares.</B>
The shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board of Directors may provide by resolution or
resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not
apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the Corporation. Notwithstanding the adoption of
such a resolution by the Board of Directors, every holder of stock represented by certificates and upon request every holder of uncertificated
shares shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by, the chairman or vice-chairman of the board
of directors, or the president or vice-president, and by the treasurer or an assistant treasurer, or the secretary or an assistant secretary
of the Corporation representing the number of shares registered in certificate form. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may
be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate
shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation
with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue. The certificates shall otherwise be
in such form as may be determined by the Board of Directors, shall be issued in numerical order, shall be entered in the books of the
Corporation as they are issued and shall exhibit the holder&rsquo;s name and number of shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.3. Transfer of Shares.</B>
The shares of the capital stock of the Corporation are transferable only on the books of the Corporation upon surrender, in the case of
certificated shares, of the certificates therefor properly endorsed for transfer, or otherwise properly assigned, and upon the presentation
of such evidences of ownership of the shares and validity of the assignment as the Corporation may require.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.4. Registered Stockholders.</B>
The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the person in whose name any share of stock is registered as the owner thereof for purposes
of dividends and other distributions in the course of business or in the course of recapitalization, consolidation, merger, reorganization,
liquidation, or otherwise, and for the purpose of votes, approvals and consents by stockholders, and for the purpose of notices to stockholders,
and for all other purposes whatsoever, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share on
the part of any other person, whether or not the Corporation shall have notice thereof, save as expressly required by the laws of the
State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.5. Transfer Agent and
Registrar.</B> The Board of Directors may appoint one or more transfer agents and registrars, and may require certificates for shares
to bear the signature of such transfer agent(s)&nbsp;and registrar(s).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>2.6. Replacement Certificates.</B>
Upon the presentation to the Corporation of a proper affidavit attesting the loss, destruction or mutilation of any certificate for shares
of stock of the Corporation, the Board of Directors may direct the issuance of a new certificate or uncertificated shares in lieu of and
to replace the certificate so alleged to be lost, destroyed or mutilated. The Board of Directors may require as a condition precedent
to the issuance of a new certificate or uncertificated shares any or all of the following: (a)&nbsp;additional evidence of the loss, destruction
or mutilation claimed; (b)&nbsp;advertisement of the loss in such manner as the Board of Directors may direct or approve; (c)&nbsp;a bond
or agreement of indemnity, in such form and amount and with such surety (or without surety) as the Board of Directors may direct or approve;
and (d)&nbsp;the order of approval of a court.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;III</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Stockholders and Meetings of Stockholders</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.1. Places of Meetings.</B>
All meetings of stockholders shall be held at such place within or outside of the State of Delaware, as may be designated by the Board
of Directors, from time to time; provided, that the Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that a meeting of stockholders
shall not be held at any place, but may be instead held solely by means of remote communication as authorized by Section&nbsp;211(a)(2)&nbsp;of
Delaware General Corporation Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.2. Annual Meeting.</B>
The Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Corporation shall be held on such date and at such time as is fixed by the Board of Directors
and stated in the notice of meeting. Directors shall be elected in accordance with the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation
and these By-laws and such other business shall be transacted as may properly come before the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.3. Adjournment of Annual
Meeting.</B> The Annual Meeting of Stockholders may be adjourned by the presiding officer of the meeting for any reason (including, if
the presiding officer determines that it would be in the best interests of the Corporation to extend the period of time for the solicitation
of proxies) from time to time and place to place until the presiding officer shall determine that the business to be conducted at the
meeting is completed, which determination shall be conclusive. &nbsp;When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place or means of
remote communication, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place, if any, or means of remote communication,
if any, are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken; provided, however, that if the date of any adjourned meeting is
more than thirty (30) days after the date for which the meeting was originally noticed, or if a new record date is fixed for the adjourned
meeting, notice of the place, if any, means of remote communication, if any, date, and time of the adjourned meeting shall be given in
conformity herewith. At any adjourned meeting, any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the original meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.4. Conduct of Business
at Annual Meeting.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;At an Annual Meeting
of the Stockholders, only such business, including without limitation, nominations of persons for election to the board of directors,
shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an Annual Meeting, business must
be (i)&nbsp;specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (ii)&nbsp;otherwise
properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (iii)&nbsp;otherwise properly brought before the
meeting by a stockholder of the Corporation who (A)&nbsp;was a stockholder of record of the Corporation at the time the notice provided
for in this Section&nbsp;3.4 is delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation and at the time of the Annual Meeting, (B)&nbsp;shall be
entitled to vote at such meeting, (C)&nbsp;complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section&nbsp;3.4 as to such business
or nomination and (D)&nbsp;to the extent that Rule&nbsp;14a-19 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange
Act&rdquo;) applies, has complied with Rule&nbsp;14a-19 under the Exchange Act. Clause (C)&nbsp;shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder
to make nominations or submit business (other than matters properly brought under Rule&nbsp;14a-8 (or any successor thereto) under the
Exchange Act, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations thereunder (or any subsequent provisions replacing such Act, rules&nbsp;or regulations),
and indicated in the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting) at an Annual Meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;Without qualification,
for business to be properly brought before an Annual Meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in
writing to the Secretary of the Corporation and any such business must constitute a proper matter for stockholder action. To be timely,
a stockholder&rsquo;s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later
than the close of business on the ninetieth (90<SUP>th</SUP>) day nor earlier than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the first anniversary
date of the Corporation&rsquo;s immediately preceding Annual Meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the Annual
Meeting is more than thirty (30) days before, or more than sixty (60) days later than the anniversary date of the immediately preceding
Annual Meeting, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred
twentieth (120th) day prior to the Annual Meeting and not later than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day prior to the Annual
Meeting or, if the first public announcement of the date of the Annual Meeting is less than ninety (90) days prior to the date of such
annual meeting, the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made. In no event
shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of the Annual Meeting of stockholders commence a new time period (or extend
the time period) for the giving of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice as described above. To be in proper form, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice
to the Secretary of the Corporation shall set forth:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)&nbsp;as to each person,
if any, whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(A)&nbsp;all information
relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest,
or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to and in accordance with Section&nbsp;14 of the Exchange Act and the rules&nbsp;and regulations
promulgated thereunder (or any subsequent provisions replacing such Act, rules&nbsp;or regulations);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(B)&nbsp;such person&rsquo;s
written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(C)&nbsp;a description
of any other material relationships between such person and such person&rsquo;s respective affiliates and associates, or others with whom
such person is acting in concert, on the one hand, and such stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf
the nomination is made, and their respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert with them, on the other hand, including,
without limitation, all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 under Regulation S-K if such stockholder,
beneficial owner, affiliate or associate were the &ldquo;registrant&rdquo; for purposes of such rule&nbsp;and such person were a director
or executive officer of such registrant; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(D)&nbsp;include a
completed and signed questionnaire, representation and agreement required by paragraph (e)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;3.4;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(ii)&nbsp;as to each matter
the stockholder proposes to bring before the Annual Meeting (other than the nomination of persons for election as directors):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(A)&nbsp;a brief description
of the business desired to be brought before the Annual Meeting;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(B)&nbsp;the reasons
for conducting such business at the Annual Meeting;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(C)&nbsp;the text
of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes
a proposal to amend the by-laws of the Corporation, the language of the proposed amendment);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(D)&nbsp;any material
interest in such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(E)&nbsp;a description
of all agreements, arrangements and understandings between such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, and any other person or persons
(including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(iii)&nbsp;as to the stockholder
giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(A)&nbsp;the name
and address, as they appear on the Corporation&rsquo;s books, of such stockholder proposing such proposal, and of such beneficial owner,
if any;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(B)(1)&nbsp;the class
and number of shares of the Corporation which are directly or indirectly owned beneficially or of record by such stockholder and by such
beneficial owner, (2)&nbsp;the existence and material terms of any proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding, or relationship pursuant
to which such stockholder or beneficial owner, if any, has a right to vote any shares of any security of the Corporation (including, if
applicable, any contract, arrangement, understanding or relationship pursuant to which any economic interest in the capital stock to be
voted is beneficially owned by a person or persons other than the stockholder of record as of the record date), (3)&nbsp;any short interest
in any security of the Corporation (for purposes of this Section&nbsp;3.4, a person shall be deemed to have a short interest in a security
if such person directly or indirectly, through a contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has the opportunity
to profit or share in any profit derived from any decrease in the value of the subject security), (4)&nbsp;a description of any agreement,
arrangement or understanding (including, without limitation and regardless of the form of settlement, any derivative instruments, swaps,
warrants, short positions, profit interests, options, hedging transactions, borrowed or loaned shares or other transactions (any of the
foregoing, a &ldquo;Derivative Instrument&rdquo;)) that has been entered into by or on behalf of such stockholder, such beneficial owner
or their respective affiliates or associates, including the full notational amount of any securities that, directly or indirectly underly
such Derivative Instrument, and (5)&nbsp;other agreement, arrangement or understanding that has been made the effect or intent of which
is to create or mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such
stockholder, such beneficial owners or their respective affiliates or associates or others acting in concert with them with respect to
the Corporation&rsquo;s securities, and a representation that the stockholder will notify the Corporation in writing of any such agreement,
arrangement or understanding in effect as of the record date for the meeting not later than five business days following the later of
the record date or the date notice of the record date is first publicly disclosed, in each case with respect to the information required
to be included in the notice pursuant to (1)&nbsp;through (5)&nbsp;above, as of the date of such notice and including, without limitation,
any such interests held by members of such stockholder&rsquo;s or such beneficial owner&rsquo;s immediate family sharing the same household;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(C)&nbsp;any other
information relating to such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, that would (1)&nbsp;filed on Schedule 13D (including the exhibits
thereto) under the Exchange Act, regardless of whether such stockholder or beneficial owners have publicly filed or is required to file
a Schedule 13D containing such information (2)&nbsp;be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made
in connection with solicitation of proxies for election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section&nbsp;14 of the Exchange
Act and the rules&nbsp;and regulations thereunder (or any subsequent provisions replacing such Act, rules&nbsp;or regulations);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(D)&nbsp;a representation
that the person is a holder of record or otherwise has the right to vote shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting
and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such business or nomination;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(E)&nbsp;if the person
does not own any stock of record, a representation as to who owns the shares of stock the person intends to vote of record and the basis
upon which the person has the right to vote the shares of stock;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(F)&nbsp;any significant
equity interests or any Derivative Instruments or short interests in any direct competitor held by such person and/or any of its affiliates
or associates; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(G)&nbsp;a written
representation of the stockholder or beneficial owner that the stockholder or beneficial owner intends, or is part of a group that intends,
to deliver a proxy statement and form of proxy to solicit the holders of, (1)&nbsp;in the case of a proposal of other business, at least
the percentage of the Corporation&rsquo;s voting shares required under applicable law to carry the proposal or (2)&nbsp;in the case of
a nomination or nominations, at least sixty-seven percent (67%) of the voting power of shares entitled to vote on the election of directors
in support of nominees other than the Board of Directors&rsquo; nominees in accordance with Rule&nbsp;14a-19 under the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;The Corporation may
require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as it may reasonably require (i)&nbsp;to determine the eligibility of such
proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation, (ii)&nbsp;to determine whether such nominee qualifies as an &ldquo;independent
director&rdquo; or &ldquo;audit committee financial expert&rdquo; under applicable law, securities exchange rule&nbsp;or regulation, or
any publicly-disclosed corporate governance guideline or committee charter of the Corporation; (iii)&nbsp;to determine whether such nominee
would satisfy any requirements or qualifications set forth in these By-laws or applicable stock exchange listing requirements, and (iv)&nbsp;that
could be material to a reasonable stockholder&rsquo;s understanding of the independence and qualifications, or lack thereof, of such nominee.
A stockholder or beneficial owner providing notice of any nomination or proposal under this Section&nbsp;3.4 shall further update and
supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3.4
shall be true and correct as of the record date for the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10)&nbsp;business days prior to the meeting
or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary
at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five (5)&nbsp;business days after the record date for the meeting
(in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date), and not later than eight (8)&nbsp;business days
prior to the date for the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof (in the case of the update and supplement required to be
made as of ten (10)&nbsp;business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof). For the avoidance of doubt, the
obligation to update and supplement as set forth in this paragraph or any other Section&nbsp;of these By-laws shall not limit the Corporation's
rights with respect to any deficiencies in any notice provided by a stockholder, extend any applicable deadlines hereunder, or enable
or be deemed to permit a stockholder who has previously submitted notice hereunder to amend or update any proposal or nomination or to
submit any new proposal or nomination.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&nbsp;Notwithstanding anything
in the second sentence of paragraph (b)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;3.4 to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be
elected to the board of directors of the Corporation at an Annual Meeting is increased and there is no public announcement by the Corporation
naming all of the nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased board of directors at least one hundred (100) days prior
to the first anniversary of the preceding year&rsquo;s Annual Meeting, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice required by this Section&nbsp;3.4
shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered
to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the
tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&nbsp;To be eligible to
be a nominee for election or reelection as a director of the Corporation (other than a nominee nominated pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.4(a)(i)&nbsp;or
(ii)&nbsp;or Section&nbsp;3.5(b)(i)), a person must deliver (in accordance with the time periods prescribed for delivery of notice under
Sections 3.4 and 3.5 hereof, as applicable) to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation a written questionnaire
with respect to the background and qualification of such person and the background of any other person or entity on whose behalf the nomination
is being made (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Secretary upon written request) and a written representation and agreement
(in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that such person (i)&nbsp;is not and will not become a party to (A)&nbsp;any
agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such person,
if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a &ldquo;Voting Commitment&rdquo;) that has not
been disclosed to the Corporation or (B)&nbsp;any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person&rsquo;s ability to
comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such person&rsquo;s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (ii)&nbsp;is not
and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect
to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not
been disclosed therein, and (iii)&nbsp;in such person&rsquo;s individual capacity and on behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf
the nomination is being made, would be in compliance, if elected as a director of the Corporation, and will comply with all applicable
publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)&nbsp;Without limiting
any other provisions and requirements of this&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="color: #467886">Section&nbsp;3.4</FONT> unless otherwise required by law,
if (i)&nbsp;any stockholder provides notice pursuant to Rule&nbsp;14a-19(b)&nbsp;under the Exchange Act (for the avoidance of doubt, such
notice must be delivered within the time period provided for in&nbsp;Section&nbsp;3.4(b)&nbsp;to be considered timely) and (ii)&nbsp;such
stockholder subsequently either (A)&nbsp;notifies the Corporation that such stockholder no longer intends to solicit proxies in support
of director nominees other than the Corporation&rsquo;s nominees in accordance with Rule&nbsp;14a-19 under the Exchange Act or (B)&nbsp;fails
to comply with the requirements of Rule&nbsp;14a-19(a)(2)&nbsp;or Rule&nbsp;14a-19(a)(3)&nbsp;under the Exchange Act, then such stockholder&rsquo;s
nominations shall be deemed null and void and the Corporation shall disregard any proxies or votes solicited for such stockholder&rsquo;s
nominees. If any stockholder provides notice pursuant to Rule&nbsp;14a-19(b)&nbsp;under the Exchange Act, such stockholder shall, upon
request of the Corporation, deliver to the Corporation, no later than five (5)&nbsp;business days prior to the applicable meeting, reasonable
evidence that it has met the requirements of Rule&nbsp;14a-19(a)(3)&nbsp;under the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.5. Special Meetings.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;Only such business
shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation&rsquo;s
notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which
directors are to be elected pursuant to the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting (i)&nbsp;by the Board of Directors or a committee appointed
by the Board of Directors or (ii)&nbsp;provided that the Board of Directors has determined that the directors shall be elected at such
meeting, by any stockholder of the Corporation who (A)&nbsp;was a stockholder of record at the time the notice provided for in Section&nbsp;3.4
hereof is delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation and at the time of the special meeting, (B)&nbsp;shall be entitled to vote at
the meeting and upon such election, and (C)&nbsp;complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Article&nbsp;III. In the event
the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the Board of Directors, any
such stockholder entitled to vote in such election of directors may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be) for election to
such position(s)&nbsp;as specified in the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting, if the stockholder&rsquo;s notice in the same form as
required by paragraph (b)&nbsp;of Section&nbsp;3.4 hereof with respect to any nomination (including the completed and signed questionnaire,
representation and agreement required by Section&nbsp;3.4(e)) shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of
the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such special meeting and not
later than the close of business on the later of the ninety (90th) day prior to such special meeting or the tenth (10th) day following
the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the board of directors
to be elected at such meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of a special meeting commence
a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice as described above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;Only such business
shall have been conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures
set forth in this Article&nbsp;III and only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Article&nbsp;III
shall be eligible to be elected at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation. Except as otherwise required by
law and subject to the rights of the holders of any class or series of stock having a preference over the common stock of the Corporation
(the &ldquo;Common Stock&rdquo;) as to dividends or on liquidation, a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by the Chairman
of the Board or the President or by the Secretary at the written request of a majority of the directors or, solely in accordance with
Section&nbsp;3.5(g)&nbsp;of these By-laws, a stockholder, or a group of stockholders formed for the purpose of making such request, that
beneficially own 25% or more of the outstanding Common Stock. The request shall state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is
to be called. The notice of every special meeting of stockholders shall state the purpose for which it is called.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;Except as otherwise
required by law and subject to the rights of the holders of any class or series of stock having a preference over the Common Stock as
to dividends or on liquidation, the Chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty (a)&nbsp;to determine whether a nomination or
any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the procedures set
forth in this Article&nbsp;III and (b)&nbsp;if any proposed nomination or business was not made or proposed in compliance with this Article&nbsp;III,
in the reasonable judgment of the presiding officer of the meeting under the circumstances existing at the time and given the information
available to such officer, to declare that such nomination shall be disregarded or that such proposed business shall not be transacted.
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section&nbsp;3.5, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified
representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present a nomination
or proposed business, such nomination shall be disregarded and such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies
in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;3.5, to be considered a qualified
representative of the stockholder, a person must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission
delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing
or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of the stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&nbsp;For purpose of this
Article&nbsp;III, &ldquo;public announcement&rdquo; shall include disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service,
Associated Press, or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange
Commission pursuant to Section&nbsp;13, 14, or 15(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&nbsp;Nothing in this Article&nbsp;III,
shall be deemed to affect any rights (a)&nbsp;of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals or nominations in the Corporation&rsquo;s
proxy statement pursuant to Rule&nbsp;14a-8 (or any successor thereto) promulgated under the Exchange Act or (b)&nbsp;of the holders of
any series of preferred stock to nominate and elect directors pursuant to and to the extent provided in any applicable provisions of the
Certificate of Incorporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)&nbsp;Any special meeting
of stockholders may be adjourned by the presiding officer of the meeting for any reason (including, if the presiding officer determines
that it would be in the best interests of the Corporation to extend the period of time for the solicitation of proxies) from time to time
and from place to place until the presiding officer shall determine that the business to be conducted at the meeting is completed, which
determination shall be conclusive. When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place or means of remote communication, notice need
not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place, if any, or means of remote communication, if any, are announced at the meeting
at which the adjournment is taken; provided, however, that if the date of any adjourned meeting is more than thirty (30) days after the
date for which the meeting was originally noticed, or if a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, notice of the place, if
any, means of remote communication, if any, date, and time of the adjourned meeting shall be given in conformity herewith. At any adjourned
meeting, any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the original meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(g)&nbsp;Stockholder Requests
for Special Meetings. (i)&nbsp;Special meetings of stockholders (each a &ldquo;Stockholder Requested Special Meeting&rdquo;) shall be
called by the Secretary upon the written request of a stockholder, or a group of stockholders formed for the purpose of making such request,
that beneficially own 25% or more of the outstanding Common Stock (the &ldquo;Threshold Percentage&rdquo;) as of the date of submission
of the written request. Compliance by the requesting stockholder or group with the requirements of this Section&nbsp;3.5(g)&nbsp;and related
provisions of these By-laws shall be determined by the Board of Directors, which determination shall be conclusive and binding on the
stockholder or stockholders making such request for a Stockholder Requested Special Meeting. Except in accordance with this Section&nbsp;3.5(g),
stockholders shall not be permitted to propose business to be brought before a special meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)&nbsp;A request for a Stockholder
Requested Special Meeting must be in writing and signed by the beneficial owners of the Threshold Percentage of the Common Stock (or their
duly authorized agents) and be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation by registered mail, return
receipt requested. Such request shall (A)&nbsp;set forth a statement of the specific purpose or purposes of the Stockholder Requested
Special Meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on at such Stockholder Requested Special Meeting (including the text of any resolution
or resolutions proposed for consideration), (B)&nbsp;bear the date of signature of each stockholder (or duly authorized agent) signing
the request, (C)&nbsp;set forth (1)&nbsp;the name and address, as they appear in the Corporation&rsquo;s books, of each stockholder signing
such request (or on whose behalf the request is signed), (2)&nbsp;the number of shares of Common Stock as to which such stockholder has
beneficial ownership and (3)&nbsp;include evidence of the fact and duration of such stockholder&rsquo;s beneficial ownership of such stock
consistent with that which is required under Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act, (D)&nbsp;set forth all information relating to each
such stockholder that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest (even if
an election contest is not involved), or is otherwise required, in each case, pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act, (E)&nbsp;describe
any material interest of each such stockholder in the specific purpose or purposes of the meeting, (F)&nbsp;describe any agreement, arrangement
or understanding between or among the stockholders requesting the Stockholder Requested Special Meeting or between or among the stockholder
or stockholders requesting the Stockholder Requested Special Meeting and any other person or entity in connection with the request or
the matters proposed to be acted on at the Stockholder Requested Special Meeting and (G)&nbsp;include an acknowledgment by each stockholder
and any duly authorized agent that any disposition of shares of Common Stock as to which such stockholder has beneficial ownership as
of the date of delivery of the request and prior to the record date for the proposed Stockholder Requested Special Meeting requested by
such stockholder shall constitute a revocation of such request with respect to such shares. In addition, the stockholder and any duly
authorized agent shall promptly provide any other information reasonably requested by the Corporation to allow it to satisfy its obligations
under applicable law. Any requesting stockholder may revoke a request for a special meeting at any time prior to the commencement of the
Stockholder Requested Special Meeting by written revocation delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation.
If, following such revocation at any time before the commencement of the Stockholder Requested Special Meeting, the remaining requests
are from stockholders holding in the aggregate less than the Threshold Percentage, the Board of Directors, in its discretion, may cancel
the Stockholder Requested Special Meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(ii)&nbsp;Notwithstanding the
foregoing, the Secretary shall not be required to call a Stockholder Requested Special Meeting if (A)&nbsp;the request for such special
meeting does not comply with this Section&nbsp;3.5(g), (B)&nbsp;the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer has called or calls
an annual or special meeting of stockholders to be held not later than ninety (90) days after the date on which a valid request has been
delivered to the Secretary (the &ldquo;Delivery Date&rdquo;), (C)&nbsp;the request is received by the Secretary during the period commencing
ninety (90) days prior to the first anniversary of the date of the immediately preceding Annual Meeting and ending on the date of the
next Annual Meeting, (D)&nbsp;the request contains an identical or substantially similar item (a &ldquo;Similar Item&rdquo;) to an item
that was presented at any meeting of stockholders held within one hundred and twenty (120) days prior to the Delivery Date (and, for purposes
of this clause (D)&nbsp;the election of directors shall be deemed a &ldquo;Similar Item&rdquo; with respect to all items of business involving
the election or removal of directors), (E)&nbsp;the request relates to an item of business that is not a proper subject for action by
the stockholders of the Corporation under applicable law or (F)&nbsp;the request was made in a manner that involved a violation of Regulation
14A under the Exchange Act or other applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(iii)&nbsp;Any Stockholder Requested
Special Meeting shall be held at such date, time and place within or without the state of Delaware as may be fixed by the Board of Directors;
provided, however, that the date of any Stockholder Requested Special Meeting shall be not more than 60 days after the record date for
such meeting, which shall be fixed in accordance with these By-laws. Business transacted at any Stockholder Requested Special Meeting
shall be limited to the purpose(s)&nbsp;stated in the request; provided, however, that nothing herein shall prohibit the Corporation from
submitting matters to a vote of the stockholders at any Stockholder Requested Special Meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.6. Notice of Meetings.</B>
Written notice of each meeting of stockholders shall be mailed to each stockholder of record at such stockholder&rsquo;s last address
as it appears on the books of the Corporation at least ten (10)&nbsp;days, but no more than sixty (60)&nbsp;days prior to the date of
the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.7. Record Date.</B> The
Board of Directors shall have power to close the stock transfer books of the Corporation for a period not more than sixty nor less than
ten days preceding the date of any meeting of stockholders, or the date for payment of any dividend, or the date for the allotment of
rights, or the date when any change or conversion or exchange of capital stock shall go into effect; provided, however, that in lieu of
closing the stock transfer books as aforesaid, the Board of Directors may fix in advance a date not more than sixty nor less than ten
days preceding the date of any meeting of stockholders, or the date for any payment of dividends, or the date for allotment of rights,
or the date when any change or conversion or exchange of capital stock shall go into effect, as a record date for the determination of
the stockholders entitled to vote at any such meeting or entitled to receive payment of any such dividend or to any such allotment of
rights, or to exercise the rights in respect of any such change, conversion or exchange of capital stock, and in such cases only such
stockholders as shall be stockholders of record on the date so fixed shall be entitled to vote at such meeting, or to receive payment
of such dividend, or to receive such allotment of rights, or to exercise such rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer
of any stock on the books of the Corporation after any such record date fixed as aforesaid. This By-law shall in no way affect the rights
of a stockholder and such stockholder&rsquo;s transferee or transferor as between themselves.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.8. Stockholder List.</B>
The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall make, at least 10&nbsp;days before every meeting of stockholders,
a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder
and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder for
any purpose germane to the meeting for a period of at least ten (10)&nbsp;days prior to the meeting: (i)&nbsp;on a reasonably accessible
electronic network, provided that the information received to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or
(ii)&nbsp;during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. The list shall also be produced and kept
at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.9. Quorum.</B> The holders
of a majority of the outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation having voting power with respect to a subject matter (excluding shares
held by the Corporation for its own account) present or represented by proxy shall constitute a quorum at the meeting of stockholders
for the transaction of business with respect to such subject matter; provided, however, that if the subject matter is one as to which
a higher vote is required (as contemplated by the Certificate of Incorporation or the laws of the State of Delaware, then the holders
of that number of shares equal to at least that higher number of outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation having voting power with
respect to such subject matter (excluding shares held by the Corporation for its own account) present or represented by proxy shall constitute
a quorum at the meeting of stockholders solely for the transaction of business with respect to such subject matter. In the absence of
a quorum with respect to a particular subject, the presiding officer of the meeting shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time
to time, without notice other than an announcement at the meeting stating the time, place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communication
if any, until a quorum is present with respect to that subject matter. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30)&nbsp;days, or if
after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder
of record entitled to vote at the meeting. At such adjourned meeting, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted
at the meeting as originally notified.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.10. Majority Vote.</B>
When a quorum is present or represented at any meeting of stockholders, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares
present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders
in all matters, unless the matter is one upon which, by express provision of the corporation laws of the State of Delaware, of the Certificate
of Incorporation or of these By-laws, a different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the
decision of that matter. Each director shall be elected by the vote of the majority of the votes cast with respect to the director at
any meeting of stockholders for the election of directors at which a quorum is present, provided that if as of a date that is fourteen
(14) days in advance of the date the Corporation files its definitive proxy statement (regardless of whether or not thereafter revised
or supplemented) with the Securities and Exchange Commission the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected, the
directors shall be elected by the vote of a plurality of the shares represented in person or by proxy at any such meeting and entitled
to vote on the election of directors. For purposes of this section, a majority of the votes cast means that the number of shares voted
&ldquo;for&rdquo; a director must exceed the number of votes cast against that director. The Nominating&nbsp;&amp; Corporate Governance
Committee has established procedures under which any director who is not elected shall offer to tender his or her resignation to the Board.
The Nominating&nbsp;&amp; Corporate Governance Committee will make a recommendation to the Board on whether to accept or reject the resignation,
or whether other action should be taken. The Board will act on the Committee&rsquo;s recommendation and publicly disclose its decision
and the rationale behind it within 90 days from the date of the certification of the election results. Directors shall hold office until
the next Annual Meeting and until their successors shall be duly elected and qualified.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.11. Proxies.</B> Every
stockholder having the right to vote shall be entitled to vote in person, or by proxy appointed by an instrument in writing subscribed
by such stockholder (which for purposes of this Section&nbsp;may include a signature and form of proxy pursuant to a facsimile or telegraphic
form of proxy or any other instruments acceptable to the Judge of Election) or by a transmission permitted by law, including Rule&nbsp;14a-19
under the Exchange Act, bearing a date not more than three years prior to voting, unless such instrument provides for a longer period,
and filed with the Secretary of the Corporation before, or at the time of, the meeting. If such instrument shall designate two or more
persons to act as proxies, unless such instrument shall provide to the contrary, a majority of such persons present at any meeting at
which their powers thereunder are to be exercised shall have and may exercise all the powers of voting thereby conferred, or if only one
be present, then such powers may be exercised by that one; or, if an even number attend and a majority do not agree on any particular
issue, each proxy so attending shall be entitled to exercise such powers in respect of the same portion of the shares as he is of the
proxies representing such shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.12. One Vote Per Share.</B>
Unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or by the corporation laws of the State of Delaware, each stockholder of
the Corporation shall, at every meeting of stockholders, be entitled to one vote in person or by proxy for each share of capital stock
of the Corporation registered in such stockholder&rsquo;s name.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.13. Shares Held by Certain
Holders.</B> Any other corporation owning voting shares in this Corporation may vote the same by its President or by proxy appointed by
him, unless some other person shall be appointed to vote such shares by resolution of the Board of Directors of such stockholder corporation.
A partnership holding shares of this Corporation may vote such shares by any general partner or by proxy appointed by any general partner.
Shares standing in the name of a deceased person may be voted by the executor or administrator of such deceased person, either in person
or by proxy. Shares standing in the name of a guardian, conservator or trustee may be voted by such fiduciary, either in person or by
proxy, but no such fiduciary shall be entitled to vote shares held in such fiduciary capacity without a transfer of such shares into the
name of such fiduciary. Shares standing in the name of a receiver may be voted by such receiver. A stockholder whose shares are pledged
shall be entitled to vote such shares, unless in the transfer by the pledgor on the books of the Corporation, such stockholder has expressly
empowered the pledgee to vote thereon, in which case only the pledgee, or the stockholder&rsquo;s proxy, may represent the stock and vote
thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.14. Conduct of Business.</B>
The order of business and all other matters of procedure at every meeting of the stockholders may be determined by the presiding officer
of the meeting, who shall be the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or such other officer of the Corporation as designated
by the Board. The presiding officer of the meeting shall have all the powers and authority vested in a presiding officer by law or practice
without restriction, including, without limitation, the authority, in order to conduct an orderly meeting, to impose reasonable limits
on the amount of time at the meeting taken up in remarks by any one stockholder and to declare any business not properly brought before
the meeting to be out of order.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.15. Judge of Election.</B>
The Board shall appoint one or more Judges of Election to serve at every meeting of the stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>3.16 Emergency Bylaws</B>.
This Section&nbsp;3.16 shall be operative during any emergency condition as contemplated by Section&nbsp;110 of the Delaware General Corporation
Law (an &ldquo;Emergency&rdquo;), notwithstanding any different or conflicting provisions in these By-laws, the Certificate of Incorporation
or the Delaware General Corporation Law. In the event of an Emergency, or other similar emergency condition, the director or directors
in attendance at a meeting of the Board of Directors or a standing committee thereof shall constitute a quorum. Such director or directors
in attendance may further take action to appoint one or more of themselves or other directors to membership on any standing or temporary
committees of the Board of Directors as they shall deem necessary and appropriate. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine,
during any Emergency, the Corporation and its directors and officers, may exercise any authority and take any action or measure contemplated
by Section&nbsp;110 of the Delaware General Corporation Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;IV</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Directors and Meetings of Directors</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.1. General Powers.</B>
The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by a Board of Directors (herein the &ldquo;Board of Directors&rdquo; or the
&ldquo;Board&rdquo;) who may exercise all the powers of the Corporation not reserved to or conferred on the stockholders by statute, the
Certificate of Incorporation or the By-laws of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.2. Number of Directors.</B>
Except as otherwise fixed pursuant to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation relating to the rights of the holders of any
class or series of stock having a preference over the Common Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation to elect additional directors under
specified circumstances, the number of directors shall be as fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board, provided the number shall
be not less than three. Each director elected at any Annual Meeting of Stockholders shall be elected to serve until the next Annual Meeting
of Stockholders and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified. During the intervals between Annual Meetings of Stockholders,
any vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors caused by resignation, removal, death or other incapacity, and any newly-created directorships
resulting from an increase in the number of directors, shall be filled by a majority vote of the directors then in office, whether or
not a quorum. Each director chosen to fill a vacancy or a newly-created directorship shall hold office for a term expiring at the next
Annual Meeting of Stockholders and until such director&rsquo;s successor has been duly elected and qualified.. Directors are not required
to be residents of Delaware or stockholders of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.3. Maximum Age of Directors.</B>
No person may be elected or re-elected a director of the Corporation if at the time of such person&rsquo;s election or reelection such
person shall have attained the age of seventy-two (72) years, provided however, that a director who shall attain the age of seventy-two
(72)&nbsp;years while serving as a director shall continue in office until the expiration of the term for which such person was elected.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.4. Removal of Directors</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;Notwithstanding anything
in the By-laws to the contrary, any director may be removed from office as a director, with or without cause.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;The removal of any
director, with or without cause, shall require the affirmative vote of stockholders of record holding a majority of the outstanding shares
of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote in elections of directors at a meeting of the stockholders called for that purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.5. Regular Meetings.</B>
Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such times and at such place or places as the directors shall, from time to
time, determine at a prior meeting. Special meetings of the Board may be called by the Chairman of the Board or President of the Corporation
and shall be called by either of said officers upon the written request of any two directors. Special meetings shall be held at the office
of the Corporation or at such place as is stated in the notice of the meeting. No notice shall be required for regular meetings of the
Board. Notices of special meetings shall be given by mail at least five days before the meeting or by telephone at least twenty-four (24)
hours before the meeting. Notices may be waived. Notices need not include any statement of the purpose of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.6. Unanimous Action;
Telephonic and Other Participation.</B> When all of the directors shall be present at any meeting, however called or notified, they may
act upon any business that might lawfully be transacted at regular meetings of the Board, or at special meetings duly called, and action
taken at such meetings shall be as valid and binding as if legally called and notified. Members of the Board of Directors may participate
in a meeting of the Board by means of conference telephone, video conference, or other similar communications equipment by means of which
all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, to the full extent and with the same effect as authorized and permitted
by the laws of the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.7. Quorum.</B> One-third
of the total number of the members of the Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the acts of
a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum present shall be the acts of the Board; provided, however,
that the directors may act in such other manner, with or without a meeting, as may be permitted by the laws of the State of Delaware and
provided further, that if all of the directors shall consent in writing to any action taken by the Corporation, such action shall be as
valid as though it had been authorized at a meeting of the Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>4.8. Compensation.</B>
Directors shall receive such compensation and such fees for attendance at meetings of the Board or of committees thereof and such other
compensation as shall be fixed by a majority of the entire Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;V</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Committees of Directors</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.1. Designation.</B> The
Board of Directors may designate from among its members an executive committee and/or one or more other committees, each consisting of
one or more directors. The designation of a committee, and the delegation of authority to it, shall not operate to relieve the Board of
Directors, or any member thereof, of any responsibility imposed by law. No member of any committee shall continue to be a member thereof
after ceasing to be a director of the Corporation. The Board of Directors shall have the power at any time to increase or decrease the
number of members of any committee, to fill vacancies thereon, to change any member thereof and to change the functions or terminate the
existence thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.2. Powers.</B> Any such
committee, to the extent provided by resolution of the Board of Directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of
the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation
to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority in reference to amending the
Certificate of Incorporation; adopting an agreement of merger or consolidation; recommending to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange
of all or substantially all of the Corporation&rsquo;s property and assets; recommending to the stockholders a dissolution of the Corporation
or a revocation of a dissolution; or amending the By-laws of the Corporation; and, unless the resolution expressly so provides, no such
committee shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend, to authorize the issuance of stock or to adopt a certificate of ownership
and merger with respect to the merger into the Corporation of a subsidiary of which at least 90&nbsp;percent of the outstanding shares
of each class are owned by the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>5.3. Procedures; Meetings;
Quorum.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&nbsp;The Board of Directors
shall appoint a chairman from among the members of the committee and shall appoint a secretary who may, but need not, be a member of the
committee. The chairman shall preside at all committee meetings and the secretary of the committee shall keep a record of its acts and
proceedings.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&nbsp;Regular meetings
of a committee, of which no notice shall be necessary, shall be held on such days and at such places as shall be fixed by resolution adopted
by the committee. Special meetings of a committee shall be called at the request of the Chief Executive Officer or of any member of the
committee, and shall be held upon such notice as is required by these By-laws for special meetings of the Board of Directors, provided
that notice by word of mouth or telephone shall be sufficient if received in the city where the meeting is to be held not later than the
day immediately preceding the day of the meeting. A waiver of notice of a meeting, signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice,
whether before or after the event stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&nbsp;Attendance of any
member of a committee at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of the meeting. A majority of a committee, from time to time, shall
be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of any business, and the act of a majority of the members present at a meeting
at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the committee. Members of a committee may hold a meeting of such committee by means of
conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other,
and participation in such a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&nbsp;Any action which
may be taken at a meeting of a committee may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing, setting forth the actions so taken shall
be signed by all members of the committee entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof. The consent shall have the same
effect as a unanimous vote of the committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)&nbsp;The Board of Directors
may vote to the members of any committee a reasonable fee as compensation for attendance at meetings of the committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;VI</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Officers</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.1. Number.</B> The Board
of Directors shall elect a Chief Executive Officer, a President, who may also be the Chief Executive Officer, and a Secretary, and may
elect a Chairman, a Treasurer, one or more vice presidents, including an Executive or Senior Vice President and a Vice President-Finance,
a Controller, a Controller-Operations, and one or more assistant secretaries and assistant treasurers. The Chief Executive Officer of
the Corporation and the Chairman shall be directors of the Corporation; other officers need not be directors. Any two of the above offices,
except those of President and Vice President, may be held by the same person but no officers shall execute, acknowledge or verify any
instrument in more than one capacity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.2. Election and Term
of Office.</B> Officers of the Corporation shall hold office until their death or resignation or until their successors are duly chosen
and qualified. Any officer, agent or employee may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the Board but such removal shall be
without prejudice to the contractual rights, if any, of the person so removed. Election or appointment of an officer or agent shall not
of itself create contract rights. Vacancy occurring in any office or position at any time may be filled by the Board. All officers, agents
and employees of the Corporation shall respectively have such authority and perform such duties in the conduct and management of the Corporation
as may be delegated by the Board of Directors or by these By-laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.3. Compensation.</B>
Officers shall receive such compensation as may from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors, and no officer shall be prevented
from receiving such compensation by reason of such officer also being a director. Agents and employees shall receive such compensation
as may from time to time be determined by the President of the Corporation or, if the Board of Directors has elected a Chairman of the
Board and has designated such Chairman of the Board to be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, by the Chairman of the Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.4. Chairman of the Board.</B>
The Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and at all meetings of the directors. In the absence of the
Chairman of the Board, the Chairman of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee shall so preside.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.5. Chief Executive Officer
and President.</B> The Board of Directors shall designate either the Chairman of the Board or the President as the Chief Executive Officer
of the Corporation. The Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation shall supervise and direct the operations of the business in accordance
with the policies determined by the Board of Directors. If the President is not designated the Chief Executive Officer, the President
shall be the Chief Operating Officer of the Corporation and shall be responsible for the general supervision and control of the business
and the affairs of the Corporation subject to the directions of the Chairman of the Board and the Board of Directors. The Chief Operating
Officer, in the absence or incapacity of the Chief Executive Officer, shall perform the duties of that office.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.6. Vice President.</B>
In the absence or incapacity of the President, the Board of Directors shall designate a Vice President, Senior or Executive Vice President
to perform the duties of the President during such absence or incapacity. Each Vice President shall have such other duties and authority
as shall be assigned by the President or may be delegated by the Board of Directors. The Vice President-Finance shall be responsible for
and direct the Treasurer and Controller of the Corporation in all treasury, accounting, cost and budgeting, and data collection functions.
They will report directly to the President with a report and policy relationship to the Chairman of the Board and the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.7. Chief Financial Officer.</B>
The Chief Financial Officer shall be the principal financial and accounting officer of the Corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall
have general direction of and supervision over the financial and accounting affairs of the Corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall
render to the Chief Executive Officer, the President and the Board of Directors, at regular meetings of the Board of Directors, or whenever
they may require it, an account of the financial condition of the Corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall have such other powers
and perform such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.8. General Counsel.</B>
The General Counsel shall be the principal legal officer of the Corporation. The General Counsel shall have general direction of and supervision
over the legal affairs of the Corporation and shall advise the Board of Directors and officers of the Corporation on all legal matters.
The General Counsel shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed from time to time by the Board of
Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.9. Secretary.</B> The
Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings of stockholders and shall record all votes and minutes
from all proceedings in a book to be kept for that purpose. The Secretary shall keep in safe custody the seal of the Corporation and,
when authorized by the Board, affix the same to any instrument requiring it, and when so affixed, it shall be attested by the Secretary&rsquo;s
signature or by the signature of the Treasurer or an Assistant Secretary; provided, however, that the affixing of the seal of the Corporation
to any document or instrument specifically shall not be required in order for such document or instrument to be binding on or the official
act of the Corporation, and the signature of any authorized officer, without the seal of the Corporation, shall be sufficient for such
purposes. The Secretary shall perform such other duties and have such other authorities as are delegated to the Secretary by the Board
of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.10. Treasurer.</B> The
Treasurer shall be responsible for the care and custody of all funds and other financial assets, taxes, corporate debt, order entry and
sales invoicing including credit memos, credit and collection of accounts receivable, cash receipts, and the banking and insurance functions
of the Corporation. The Treasurer shall report directly to and perform such other duties as shall be assigned by the Vice President-Finance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>6.11. Controller.</B> The
Controller shall be responsible for the installation and supervision of all general accounting records of the Corporation, preparation
of financial statements and the annual and operating budgets and profit plans, continuous audit of accounts and records of the Corporation,
preparation and interpretation of statistical records and reports, taking and costing of all physical inventories and administering the
inventory levels, supervision of accounts payable and cash disbursements function and hourly and salary payrolls. The Controller shall
report directly to and perform such other functions as shall be assigned to the Controller by the Vice President-Finance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;VII</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Notice</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>7.1. Methods of Giving
Notice.</B> Whenever, under the provisions of applicable statutes, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, notice is required
to be given to any director, member of any committee or stockholder, such notice may be given in writing and delivered personally or mailed
to such director, member or stockholder; provided that in the case of a director or a member of any committee such notice may be given
orally or by telephone. If mailed, notice to a director, member of a committee or stockholder shall be deemed to be given when deposited
in the United States mail first class in a sealed envelope, with postage thereon prepaid, addressed, in the case of a stockholder, to
the stockholder at the stockholder&rsquo;s address as it appears on the records of the Corporation or, in the case of a director or member
of a committee, to such a persons at their business address. Notice to directors and stockholders may also be given by facsimile telecommunication,
email, or other electronic transmission as that term is defined in Section&nbsp;232 of the Delaware General Corporation Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>7.2. Written Waiver.</B>
Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provisions of an applicable statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws,
a waiver thereof in writing signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person
or persons entitled to such notice, in each case either before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the required
notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;VIII</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Banking, Checks and Other Instruments</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>8.1. Banks.</B> The Board
of Directors shall by resolution designate the bank or banks in which the funds of the Corporation shall be deposited, and such funds
shall be deposited in the name of the Corporation and shall be subject to checks drawn as authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>8.2. Contracts and Other
Instruments.</B> The Board of Directors may in any instance designate the officers and agents who shall have authority to execute any
contract, conveyance, or other instrument on behalf of the Corporation; or may ratify or confirm any execution. When the execution of
any instrument has been authorized without specification of the executing officer or agents, the Chairman of the Board, if designated
as the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, President or any Vice President, and the Secretary or Assistant Secretary or Treasurer
or Assistant Treasurer may execute the same in the name and on behalf of the Corporation and may affix the corporate seal thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;IX</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Fiscal Year</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The fiscal year of the Corporation
shall begin on the first day of November&nbsp;and end on the thirty-first day of October.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;X</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Books and Records</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The proper officers and agents
of the Corporation shall keep and maintain such books, records and accounts of the Corporation&rsquo;s business and affairs and such stock
ledgers and lists of stockholders as the Board of Directors shall deem advisable and as shall be required by the laws of the State of
Delaware or other states or jurisdictions empowered to impose such requirements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;XI</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Indemnification</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>11.1. Indemnification and
Advancement of Expenses.</B> Each director or officer of the Corporation or a subsidiary of the Corporation (an &ldquo;Article&nbsp;XI
Person&rdquo;) who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any threatened, pending or completed
action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (hereinafter a &ldquo;proceeding&rdquo;), by reason
of the fact that he or she, or a person of whom he or she is the legal representative, (i)&nbsp;is or was a director or officer of the
Corporation or a subsidiary of the Corporation, or (ii)&nbsp;is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer,
employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect
to employee benefit plans, in each case whether or not serving in such capacity at the time any claim is asserted or any liability or
expense is incurred, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the laws of the State
of Delaware (but, in the case of any amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification
rights than said law permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment), against all expenses, (including attorneys&rsquo;
fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith and such
indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit
of his or her heirs, executors and administrators. The right to indemnification conferred in this Section&nbsp;shall be a contract right
and shall include the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in defending any pending, threatened or completed proceeding
in advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that, if the laws of the State of Delaware require, the payment of such expenses
incurred by an Article&nbsp;XI Person in advance of the final disposition of a proceeding, shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation
of an undertaking, by or on behalf of such Article&nbsp;XI Person, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined
that such Article&nbsp;XI Person is not entitled to be indemnified under the applicable provisions of the laws of the State of Delaware.
The Corporation may, by action of its Board of Directors, provide indemnification to employees and agents of the Corporation or a subsidiary
of the Corporation with the same scope and effect as the foregoing indemnification of directors and officers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>11.2. Claims.</B> If a
claim for indemnification or advancement of expenses under this Article&nbsp;XI is not paid in full within thirty days after a written
claim therefor by the Article&nbsp;XI Person has been received by the Corporation, the Article&nbsp;XI Person may file suit to recover
the unpaid amount of such claim and, if successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such claim.
In any such action the Corporation shall have the burden of proving that the Article&nbsp;XI Person is not entitled to the requested indemnification
or advancement of expenses under applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>11.3. Other Sources.</B>
The Corporation's obligation, if any, to indemnify or to advance expenses to any Article&nbsp;XI Person who was or is serving at its request
as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity shall
be reduced by any amount such Article&nbsp;XI Person actually collects as indemnification or advancement of expenses from such other corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit enterprise; <I>provided</I> that the person shall not be under any obligation
to bring any action or otherwise pursue recovery of any such other right to indemnification or advancement of expenses.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>11.4. Amendment or Repeal.</B>
Any repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article&nbsp;XI shall not adversely affect any right or protection hereunder
of any person in respect of any proceeding (regardless of when such proceeding is first threatened, commenced or completed and even if
such proceeding is not commenced or completed until after such repeal or modification) arising out of, or related to, any act or omission
occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>11.5. Other Indemnification
and Advancement of Expenses</B>. This Article&nbsp;XI shall not limit the right of the Corporation, to the extent and in the manner permitted
by law, to indemnify and to advance expenses to persons other than Article&nbsp;XI Persons when and as authorized by appropriate corporate
action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>11.6. Non-Exclusivity.</B>
The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided in Section&nbsp;11.1 of these By-laws shall not be deemed exclusive of any other
rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any agreement, vote of stockholders, vote
of disinterested directors, insurance arrangement or otherwise, both as to action in his or her official capacity and as to action in
another capacity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;XII</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Other Matters</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>12.1. Severability.</B>
Any determination that any provision of these By-laws is for any reason inapplicable, invalid, illegal or otherwise ineffective shall
not affect or invalidate any other provision of these By-laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>12.2. Evidence of Authority.</B>
A certificate by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary as to any action taken by the stockholders, directors, any committee or any officer
or representative of the Corporation shall as to all persons who rely on the certificate in good faith be conclusive evidence of such
action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;XIII</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Amendments</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">These By-laws may be altered,
amended or repealed and new by-laws may be adopted at any regular meeting of the stockholders or Board of Directors; or at any special
meeting of the stockholders or Board of Directors; provided that notice of such proposed making, alteration or repeal be included in the
notice of such special meeting. The Board of Directors may take such action by the vote of a majority of those Directors present and voting
at a meeting where a quorum is present. In accordance with the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, the stockholders may make
new by-laws, or adopt, alter, amend, or repeal by-laws adopted by either the stockholders or the Board of Directors by the affirmative
vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds (66 2/3<SUP>rd</SUP> %) of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of capital
stock of the Corporation then entitled to vote generally for the election of directors. The power of the stockholders and the Board shall
include the fixing and appointing of the number of directors in accordance with the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

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</TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>gnw-20260226.xsd
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" ?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 6.4a -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Misc; Value: +aA5w7xRiXgen8uLa3ZcWa2OWbOdzZR+eYkxtmBwbVm6ny0uIEKGbCGhVpVGobQC -->
<schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2025" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2025" xmlns:srt-types="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2025" xmlns:gnw="http://globenewswire.com/20260226" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://globenewswire.com/20260226">
    <annotation>
      <appinfo>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://globenewswire.com/role/Cover" id="Cover">
          <link:definition>00000001 - Document - Cover</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="gnw-20260226_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Presentation Links" />
        <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="gnw-20260226_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Label Links" />
      </appinfo>
    </annotation>
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-types/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-types-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025/country-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-types-2025.xsd" />
</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>gnw-20260226_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 6.4a -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
<link:linkbase xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodEndLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodEndLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodStartLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodStartLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTotalLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTotalLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedNetLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedNetLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTerseLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd#netLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" />
    <link:labelLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link">
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:to="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Registration Statement</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Annual Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Reporting Standard Item Number</link:label>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>gnw-20260226_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
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    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.4</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 26, 2026</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Feb. 26,  2026<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--10-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">1-33913<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">QUANEX
BUILDING PRODUCTS CORPORATION<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001423221<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">26-1561397<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">945
                           Bunker Hill Road, Suite 900<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Houston<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">TX<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">77024<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">713<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">961-4600<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common
    Stock, par value $0.01 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">NX<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
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<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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