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Income Taxes | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block] |
4. | Income Taxes
In December 2017, the President signed the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (2017 Tax Act) which includes a broad range of provisions, many of which significantly differ from those contained in previous U.S. tax law. The 2017 Tax Act contains several key provisions including, among other things:
|  | A one-time tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of post-1986 untaxed foreign earnings and profits (“E&P”), referred to as the “toll charge”;
|  | A reduction in the maximum Corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017; and
|  | An introduction of a new U.S. tax on certain off-shore earnings referred to as Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI) at an effective tax rate of 10.5% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 (increasing to 13.125% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2025) with a partial offset by applicable foreign tax credits.
Pursuant to the 2017 Tax Act, in the fourth quarter of 2017 the Company incurred an approximately $9.1 million toll charge on the Company’s post-1986 untaxed foreign E&P which was offset against the Company’s net loss carryforwards. In addition, the Company remeasured its deferred tax assets and adjusted its deferred tax valuation allowance to reflect the new U.S. Federal tax rate of 21%. The Company will not have any liability for taxes with respect to repatriated foreign earnings under IRS Reg 956 until its cumulative exposure for unrepatriated foreign earnings reaches a threshold of $25.8 million. Nevertheless, the Company currently intends to reinvest the foreign earnings in its foreign subsidiaries and not repatriate them to the U.S. until needed because of the foreign jurisdiction withholding taxes that the Company would incur on repatriation. As of September 30, 2018, the Company performed a calculation of the GILTI provisions and concluded that it has no impact on account of the net losses of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries. The Company had unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $0.8 million as of September 30, 2018 and $0.9 million December 31, 2017, respectively. The portion of unrecognized tax benefits relating to interest and penalties was approximately $0.4 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, if recognized, would have an impact on the Company’s effective tax rate. Our deferred tax assets are primarily on account of continuing losses incurred by our U.S. entity and Canadian subsidiaries and temporary differences arising from accrued expenses and book versus tax depreciation methods in our Asian subsidiaries. In assessing its realization, management considers whether it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realizable. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences are deductible and net operating losses are available. As of September 30, 2018, the Company continues to maintain a valuation allowance on all U.S. and Canadian deferred tax assets. The following presents a roll-forward of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits and associated interest for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (in thousands):
|  | Unrecognized tax benefits |
Balance - January 1, 2018 |  | $ | 911 |
Interest accrual |  |  | - |
Foreign currency revaluation |  |  | (77 | )
Balance - September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 834 |
The Company is subject to Federal income tax, as well as income tax in various states and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to examination by Federal tax authorities for years prior to 2006 and by New Jersey tax authorities for years prior to 2012. Various foreign subsidiaries currently have open tax years from 2003 through 2017. In October 2010, the Company’s Indian subsidiary received an assessment from the Indian Income Tax Department for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006. Management disagrees with the basis of this tax assessment, has filed an appeal against the assessment and is contesting it. Management believes that its recorded tax liability of $317,000 for this matter, which includes interest, is adequate. In January 2012, the Company’s Indian subsidiary received an assessment from the Indian Income Tax Department for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Management disagrees with the basis of this tax assessment and successfully appealed the assessment. The income tax assessing officer has filed an appeal against the decision entered in favor of the subsidiary. Management is contesting the appeal filed by the assessing officer. Management believes that its recorded tax liability of $332,000 for this matter, which includes interest, is adequate. Management believes that the Company’s recorded tax liabilities are adequate in the aggregate for its income tax exposures. In September 2015, the Company’s Indian subsidiary was subject to an inquiry by the Service Tax Department in India regarding the classification of services provided by this subsidiary, asserting that the services provided by this subsidiary fall under the category of online information and database access or retrieval services (OID Services), and not under the category of business support services (BS Services) that are exempt from service tax as historically indicated in the subsidiary’s service tax filings. The Company disagrees with the Service Tax Department’s position and is vigorously contesting these assertions. In the event the Service Tax Department is successful in proving that the services fall under the category of OID Services, the revenues earned by the Company’s Indian subsidiary for the period July 2012 through November 2016 would be subject to a service tax of between 12.36% and 15%. The revenue of our Indian subsidiary during this period was approximately $65.0 million. In accordance with new rules promulgated by the Service Tax Department, as of December 1, 2016, service tax is no longer applicable to OID or BS Services. In October 2016, the Company’s Indian subsidiary received notices of appeal from the Indian Service Tax Department in India seeking to reverse service tax refunds of approximately $160,000 previously granted to our Indian subsidiary for three quarters in 2014, asserting that the services provided by this subsidiary fall under the category of OID Services and not BS Services. The appeal was determined in favor of the Service Tax Department. The Indian subsidiary disagrees with the basis of this decision and is contesting it vigorously. The Company expects delays in its Indian subsidiary receiving further service tax refunds until this matter is adjudicated with finality, and currently has service tax credits of approximately $1.0 million recorded as a receivable. From time-to-time the Company is subject to various other tax proceedings and claims for its Philippines subsidiaries. The Company has recorded a tax provision amounting to $184,000, which includes interest, for several ongoing tax proceedings in the Philippines. Although the ultimate outcome cannot be determined at this time, the Company continues to contest these claims vigorously.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 + Details
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