10-Q 1 tm2114129d1_10q.htm FORM 10-Q

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

| x |  | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
|  | For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021

OR

| ¨ |  | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
|  | For the transition period from ________________ to ________________

Commission file number: 001-35774

INNODATA INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 13-3475943
(State or other jurisdiction of |  | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) |  | Identification No.)
55 Challenger Road |  | 07660
Ridgefield Park, New Jersey |  | (Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices) |  |

(201) 371-8000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

None

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock | INOD | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
Preferred Stock Purchase Right | N/A | N/A

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ¨Accelerated filer ¨Non-accelerated filer xSmaller reporting company x Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ¨ No x

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share, as of May 4, 2021 was 26,316,813.

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2021

INDEX

|  |  |  | Page No.
|  | Part I – Financial Information |  |
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements |  |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited): |  |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 |  | 2
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 |  | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 |  | 4
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 |  | 5
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 6
Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 22
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 31
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 31
|  | Part II – Other Information |  |
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 33
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  | 33
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 33
Item 3. |  | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  | 33
Item 4. |  | Mine Safety Disclosures |  | 33
Item 5. |  | Other Information |  | 33
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  | 34
Signatures |  |  |  | 35

Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 17,296 |  |  | $ | 17,573 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $680 and $670, respectively |  |  | 9,969 |  |  |  | 10,048 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 3,987 |  |  |  | 4,240 |
Total current assets |  |  | 31,252 |  |  |  | 31,861 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 7,291 |  |  |  | 7,227 |
Right-of-use-asset, net |  |  | 6,377 |  |  |  | 6,610 |
Other assets |  |  | 2,507 |  |  |  | 2,563 |
Deferred income taxes, net |  |  | 2,270 |  |  |  | 2,187 |
Intangibles, net |  |  | 4,437 |  |  |  | 4,656 |
Goodwill |  |  | 2,157 |  |  |  | 2,150 |
Total assets |  | $ | 56,291 |  |  | $ | 57,254 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 1,287 |  |  | $ | 1,435 |
Accrued expenses and other |  |  | 4,130 |  |  |  | 3,490 |
Accrued salaries, wages and related benefits |  |  | 4,919 |  |  |  | 5,719 |
Income and other taxes |  |  | 4,237 |  |  |  | 5,000 |
Long-term obligations - current portion |  |  | 2,134 |  |  |  | 1,712 |
Operating lease liability - current portion |  |  | 1,017 |  |  |  | 990 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 17,724 |  |  |  | 18,346 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 68 |  |  |  | 44 |
Long-term obligations, net of current portion |  |  | 5,660 |  |  |  | 6,282 |
Operating lease liability, net of current portion |  |  | 6,066 |  |  |  | 6,332 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 29,518 |  |  |  | 31,004 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-controlling interests |  |  | (3,379 | ) |  |  | (3,390 | )
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Serial preferred stock; 4,998,000 shares authorized, none outstanding |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Common stock, $.01 par value; 75,000,000 shares authorized; 29,481,000 shares issued and 26,297,000 outstanding at March 31, 2021 and 28,984,000 shares issued and 25,800,000 outstanding at December 31, 2020; |  |  | 294 |  |  |  | 289 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 32,040 |  |  |  | 31,921 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 5,231 |  |  |  | 4,833 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (948 | ) |  |  | (938 | )
|  |  | 36,617 |  |  |  | 36,105 |
Less: treasury stock, 3,184,000 shares at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 at cost |  |  | (6,465 | ) |  |  | (6,465 | )
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 30,152 |  |  |  | 29,640 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 56,291 |  |  | $ | 57,254 |

See notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Revenues |  | $ | 15,967 |  |  | $ | 14,530 |
Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct operating costs |  |  | 10,096 |  |  |  | 9,743 |
Selling and administrative expenses |  |  | 5,525 |  |  |  | 4,620 |
Interest expense, net |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 42 |
|  |  | 15,631 |  |  |  | 14,405 |
Income before provision for income taxes |  |  | 336 |  |  |  | 125 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | (73 | ) |  |  | 405 |
Consolidated net income (loss) |  |  | 409 |  |  |  | (280 | )
Income attributable to non-controlling interests |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 11 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Innodata Inc. and Subsidiaries |  | $ | 398 |  |  | $ | (291 | )
Income (loss) per share attributable to Innodata Inc. and Subsidiaries: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | )
Diluted |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | )
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 25,873 |  |  |  | 24,401 |
Diluted |  |  | 29,452 |  |  |  | 24,401 |
Comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated net income (loss) |  | $ | 409 |  |  | $ | (280 | )
Pension liability adjustment, net of taxes |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 14 |
Change in fair value of derivatives, net of taxes |  |  | - |  |  |  | (171 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | (718 | )
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | (875 | )
Total comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 399 |  |  |  | (1,155 | )
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 11 |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Innodata Inc. and Subsidiaries |  | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | (1,166 | )

See notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)
(In thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated net income (loss) |  | $ | 409 |  |  | $ | (280 | )
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income (loss) to net cash |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 697 |  |  |  | 630 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 278 |  |  |  | 170 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (45 | ) |  |  | (71 | )
Pension cost |  |  | 142 |  |  |  | 200 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | (448 | ) |  |  | (92 | )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 223 |  |  |  | (449 | )
Other assets |  |  | 52 |  |  |  | (336 | )
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  |  | 956 |  |  |  | 662 |
Accrued salaries, wages and related benefits |  |  | (789 | ) |  |  | (53 | )
Income and other taxes |  |  | (718 | ) |  |  | 369 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 757 |  |  |  | 750 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  |  | (503 | ) |  |  | (578 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (503 | ) |  |  | (578 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from stock option exercises |  |  | 609 |  |  |  | - |
Withholding taxes on stock-based compensation |  |  | (764 | ) |  |  | - |
Payment of long-term obligations |  |  | (268 | ) |  |  | (104 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (423 | ) |  |  | (104 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (108 | ) |  |  | (197 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (277 | ) |  |  | (129 | )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |  |  | 17,573 |  |  |  | 10,874 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |  | $ | 17,296 |  |  | $ | 10,745 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares withheld for withholding taxes on net settlement for stock-based compensation |  | $ | 763 |  |  | $ | - |
Cash paid for income taxes |  | $ | 571 |  |  | $ | - |
Cash paid for operating leases |  | $ | 437 |  |  | $ | 615 |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 44 |

See notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in |  |  | Retained |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Loss |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Total |
January 1, 2020 |  |  | 27,643 |  |  | $ | 275 |  |  | $ | 28,426 |  |  | $ | 4,993 |  |  | $ | (920 | ) |  |  | 3,184 |  |  | $ | (6,465 | ) |  | $ | 26,309 |
Net loss attributable to Innodata Inc. and subsidiaries |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (291 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (291 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 170 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 170 |
Pension liability adjustments, net of taxes |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 14 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (718 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (718 | )
Change in fair value of derivatives, net of taxes |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (171 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (171 | )
March 31, 2020 |  |  | 27,643 |  |  | $ | 275 |  |  | $ | 28,596 |  |  | $ | 4,702 |  |  | $ | (1,795 | ) |  |  | 3,184 |  |  | $ | (6,465 | ) |  | $ | 25,313 |
January 1, 2021 |  |  | 28,984 |  |  | $ | 289 |  |  | $ | 31,921 |  |  | $ | 4,833 |  |  | $ | (938 | ) |  |  | 3,184 |  |  | $ | (6,465 | ) |  | $ | 29,640 |
Net income attributable to Innodata Inc. and subsidiaries |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 398 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 398 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 278 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 278 |
Exercise of stock options |  |  | 690 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 605 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 609 |
Shares withheld for exercise settlement and taxes |  |  | (193 | ) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (764 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (763 | )
Pension liability adjustments, net of taxes |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 11 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (21 | )
Change in fair value of derivatives, net of taxes |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
March 31, 2021 |  |  | 29,481 |  |  | $ | 294 |  |  | $ | 32,040 |  |  | $ | 5,231 |  |  | $ | (948 | ) |  |  | 3,184 |  |  | $ | (6,465 | ) |  | $ | 30,152 |

See notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

(Unaudited)

1. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation - The condensed consolidated financial statements for the interim periods included herein are unaudited; however, they contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position of Innodata Inc. (including its subsidiaries, the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us”) as of March 31, 2021, the results of its operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, and stockholders’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year.

Certain information and note disclosures normally included in or with financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) have been condensed or omitted from these condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC and, accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Unless otherwise noted, the accounting policies used in preparing these condensed consolidated financial statements are the same as those described in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Principles of Consolidation - The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Innodata Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, and the Synodex and docGenix limited liability companies that are majority-owned by the Company. The non-controlling interests in the Synodex and docGenix limited liability companies are accounted for in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) non-controlling interest guidance. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates - In preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable, and management has made assumptions about the possible effects of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic on critical and significant accounting estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates and changes in those estimates are recorded when known. Significant estimates include those related to the allowance for doubtful accounts and billing adjustments, useful life of long-lived assets, useful life of intangible assets, impairment of goodwill, valuation of deferred tax assets, valuation of stock-based compensation, litigation accruals and estimated accruals for various tax exposures.

Capitalized Software Development Costs - the Company incurs development costs related to software it develops for its internal use. Qualifying costs incurred during the application development stage are capitalized. These costs primarily consist of internal labor and are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software, which ranges between three and ten years. All other research and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalized software development costs-in progress as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $0.3 million and $1.4 million, respectively. Completed capitalized software and development cost as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $7.1 million and $5.5 million, respectively.

6

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

(Unaudited)

Deferred Revenue - Deferred revenue represents payments received from clients in advance of providing services and amounts deferred if conditions for revenue recognition have not been met. Included in accrued expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets is deferred revenue amounting to $2.0 million and $1.2 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Revenue Recognition - The Company’s revenue is recognized when services are rendered or goods are delivered to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those services or goods as per the agreement with the customer. In cases where there are agreements with multiple performance obligations, the Company identifies each performance obligation and evaluates whether the performance obligations are distinct within the context of the agreement at the agreement’s inception. Performance obligations that are not distinct at agreement inception are combined. For agreements with distinct performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation proportionately based on the estimated standalone selling price for each performance obligation, if any, and then evaluates how the services are performed for the customer to determine the timing of revenue recognition.

For the Digital Data Solutions (DDS) segment, revenue is recognized primarily based on the quantity delivered or resources utilized in the period in which services are performed and performance conditions are satisfied as per the agreement. Revenues for agreements billed on a time-and-materials basis are recognized as services are performed. Revenues under fixed-fee agreements, which are not significant to overall revenues, are recognized based on the proportional performance method of accounting, as services are performed, or milestones are achieved.

For the Synodex segment, revenue is recognized primarily based on the quantity delivered in the period in which services are performed and performance conditions are satisfied as per the agreement. A portion of the Synodex segment revenue is derived from licensing our functional software and providing access to the Company’s hosted software platform. Revenue from such services is recognized monthly when all parties to the agreement have agreed to the agreement; each party’s rights are identifiable; the payment terms are identifiable; the agreement has commercial substance; access to the service is provided to the end user; and collection is probable.

The Agility segment derives its revenue primarily from subscription arrangements and provision of enriched media analysis services. It also derives revenue as a reseller of corporate communication solutions. Revenue from subscriptions is recognized monthly when access to the service is provided to the end user; all parties to the agreement have agreed to the agreement; each party’s rights are identifiable; the payment terms are identifiable; the agreement has commercial substance; and collection is probable. Revenue from enriched media analysis services is recognized when the services are performed, and performance conditions are satisfied. Revenues from the reseller agreements are recognized at the gross amount received for the goods in accordance with our functioning as a principal due to our meeting the following criteria: the Company acts as the primary obligor in the sales transaction; assumes the credit risk; sets the price; can select suppliers; and is involved in the execution of the services, including after sales service.

Revenues include reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses, with the corresponding out-of-pocket expenses included in direct operating costs.

The Company considers U.S. GAAP criteria for determining whether to report gross revenue as a principal versus net revenue as an agent. The Company evaluates whether it is in control of the services before the same are transferred to the customer to assess whether it is principal or agent in the arrangement. Revenues are recognized on a gross basis if the Company is in the capacity of principal and on a net basis if it falls in the capacity of an agent.

7

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

(Unaudited)

Contract acquisition costs, which are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, are amortized over the term of a subscription agreement or contract. The Company reviews these prepaid acquisition costs on a periodic basis to determine the need to adjust the carrying values for early-terminated contracts.

Foreign Currency - The functional currency of our locations in the Philippines, India, Sri Lanka, Israel and Hong Kong is the U.S. dollar. Transactions denominated in Philippine pesos, Indian and Sri Lankan rupees, Israeli shekels and Hong Kong dollars are translated to U.S. dollars at rates which approximate those in effect on the transaction dates. Monetary assets and all liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are translated at the exchange rate in effect as of those dates. Nonmonetary assets and stockholders’ equity are translated at the appropriate historical rates. Included in direct operating costs were foreign exchange gains (losses) resulting from such transactions of approximately $140,000 and $(77,000) for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The functional currency for the Company’s subsidiaries in Germany, the United Kingdom and Canada are the Euro, the Pound Sterling and the Canadian dollar, respectively. The financial statements of these subsidiaries are prepared in these respective currencies. Financial information is translated from the applicable functional currency to the U.S. dollar (the reporting currency) for inclusion in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Revenues, expenses and cash flows are translated at weighted average exchange rates prevailing during the fiscal periods, and assets and liabilities are translated at fiscal period-end exchange rates. Resulting translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders' equity. Foreign exchange transaction gains or losses are included in direct operating costs in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The amount of foreign currency translation adjustment was $21,000 and $718,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Derivative Instruments - The Company accounts for derivative transactions in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (the “FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 825, “Financial Instruments,” with the corresponding unrealized gain or loss recognized as part of direct operating costs.

Income Taxes - Estimated deferred taxes are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities, using enacted tax rates, as well as any net operating loss or tax credit carryforwards expected to reduce taxes payable in future years. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the estimated deferred tax assets will not be realized. While the Company considers future taxable income in assessing the need for the valuation allowance, in the event that the Company anticipates that it will be able to realize the estimated deferred tax assets in the future in excess of its net recorded amount, an adjustment to the provision for deferred tax assets would increase income in the period such determination was made. Similarly, in the event that the Company anticipates that it will not be able to realize the estimated deferred tax assets in the future considering future taxable income, an adjustment to the provision for deferred tax assets would decrease income in the period such determination was made. Changes in the valuation allowance from period to period are included in the Company’s tax provision in the period of change. The Company indefinitely reinvests the foreign earnings in its foreign subsidiaries. If such earnings are repatriated in the future, or are no longer deemed to be indefinitely reinvested, the Company would have to accrue as a liability the applicable amount of foreign jurisdiction withholding taxes associated with such remittances.

8

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

(Unaudited)

In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considered whether it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the U.S. and Canadian deferred tax assets will not be realizable. As the expectation of future taxable income resulting from the U.S. and Canadian entities cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company maintains a valuation allowance against all the U.S. and Canadian net deferred tax assets.

The Company accounts for income taxes regarding uncertain tax positions, and recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Recent Accounting Pronouncements – In December 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes” as part of its initiative to reduce complexity in the accounting standards. The standard eliminates certain exceptions related to the approach for intra-period tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The standard also clarifies and simplifies other aspects of the accounting for income taxes. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2021 and it had no material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Statements” (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation amount that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-19, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses,” which clarifies ASC 326, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses” and corrects unintended application of the guidance, and in November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-11, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses,” which clarifies or addresses specific issues about certain aspects of ASU 2016-13. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-03, “Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments,” which modifies the measurement of expected credit losses of certain financial instruments. ASU 2016-13 is effective for certain smaller reporting companies for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 and interim periods within those fiscal years, which will be fiscal 2023 for us if we continue to be classified as a smaller reporting company, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect that the adoption of the new guidance will have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Correction of Immaterial Errors – During the preparation of the September 30, 2020 condensed consolidated financial statements, certain historical errors were identified relating to the accounting for capital leases under ASC Topics 840 and 842, both relating to lease accounting. The lease obligations under certain leases were not recorded at their present values at the inception of the leases, resulting in an overstatement of expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The errors were not material, either quantitatively or qualitatively, in any of the reported periods. However, the corrections, if recorded in the three-month period ended September 30, 2020, would have been material to such period. Accordingly, the March 31, 2020 financial statements included in this Form 10-Q are being corrected by revising such financial statements, as follows:

| • | A decrease in expenses of $74,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. There was no impact on the loss per share for the three-month period ended March 31, 2020.

9

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

(Unaudited)

| · | A decrease in liabilities of $51,000 as of March 31, 2020.

| · | An increase in total assets of $23,000 as of March 31, 2020.

| · | The impact on cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was:

| · | An increase in cash flows provided by operating activities of $47,000.

| · | An increase in cash flows used in financing activities of $47,000.

The Company evaluated the errors under Staff Accounting Bulletins 99 and 108 and concluded that a restatement of the March 31, 2020 condensed consolidated financial statements is not required.

| 2. | Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was as follows (in thousands):

Balance as of January 1, 2021 |  | $ | 2,150 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | 7 |
Balance as of March 31, 2021 |  | $ | 2,157 |

The fair value measurement of goodwill was classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because the Company used the income approach, which utilizes significant inputs that are unobservable in the market. The Company believes it made reasonable estimates and assumptions to calculate the fair value of the reporting unit as of the impairment test measurement date.

Information regarding the Company’s acquisition-related intangible assets was as follows (in thousands):

|  | Developed technology |  |  | Customer relationships |  |  | Trademarks and tradenames |  |  | Patents |  |  | Media Contact Database |  |  | Total |
Gross carrying amounts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of January 1, 2021 |  | $ | 3,175 |  |  | $ | 2,228 |  |  | $ | 882 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 3,670 |  |  | $ | 10,000 |
Foreign currency translation |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 38 |
Balance as of March 31, 2021 |  | $ | 3,193 |  |  | $ | 2,246 |  |  | $ | 884 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 3,669 |  |  | $ | 10,038 |
Accumulated amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of January 1, 2021 |  | $ | 1,844 |  |  | $ | 1,192 |  |  | $ | 629 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 1,650 |  |  | $ | 5,344 |
Amortization expense |  |  | 79 |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | 231 |
Foreign currency translation |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 26 |
Balance as of March 31, 2021 |  | $ | 1,935 |  |  | $ | 1,248 |  |  | $ | 644 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 1,743 |  |  | $ | 5,601 |
Net carrying values - March 31, 2021 |  | $ | 1,258 |  |  | $ | 998 |  |  | $ | 240 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 1,926 |  |  | $ | 4,437 |

Amortization expense relating to acquisition-related intangible assets was $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

10

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

(Unaudited)

As of March 31, 2021, estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

Year |  |  | Amortization |
2021 |  | $ | 701 |
2022 |  |  | 935 |
2023 |  |  | 935 |
2024 |  |  | 831 |
2025 |  |  | 685 |
Thereafter |  |  | 350 |
|  | $ | 4,437 |

| 3. | Income Taxes

Taxes primarily consist of a provision for foreign taxes recorded by the Company’s foreign subsidiaries in accordance with local tax regulations. Effective income tax rates are disproportionate due to the losses incurred by the Company’s Canadian subsidiaries and a valuation allowance recorded on deferred taxes of these entities and tax effects of foreign operations, including foreign exchange gains and losses.

The reconciliations of the U.S. statutory rate with the Company’s effective tax rate for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 are summarized in the table below:

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Federal income tax expense at statutory rate |  |  | 21.0 | % |  |  | 21.0 | %
Effect of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax effects of foreign operations |  |  | 85.2 |  |  |  | 242.7 |
Change in valuation allowance |  |  | 26.7 |  |  |  | (78.5 | )
Foreign operations permanent difference - foreign exchange gains and losses |  |  | 15.4 |  |  |  | 144.3 |
State income tax net of federal benefit |  |  | 2.4 |  |  |  | 16.2 |
Return to provision true up |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | (50.6 | )
Withholding tax |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | 9.3 |
Foreign rate differential |  |  | (5.8 | ) |  |  | (34.7 | )
Effect of stock based compensation |  |  | (61.3 | ) |  |  | - |
Increase (decrease) in unrecognized tax benefits (ASC 740) |  |  | (114.9 | ) |  |  | 67.1 |
Other |  |  | 8.9 |  |  |  | (12.8 | )
Effective tax rate |  |  | (21.7 | )% |  |  | 324.0 | %

11

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

(Unaudited)

The following table presents a roll-forward of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits and associated interest for the three months ended March 31, 2021 (in thousands):

|  | Unrecognized tax benefits |
Balance - January 1, 2021 |  | $ | 3,231 |
Increase for current period tax positions |  |  | 61 |
Decrease for prior period tax positions |  |  | (1,476 | )
Interest accrual |  |  | 30 |
Foreign currency remeasurement |  |  | (4 | )
Balance - March 31, 2021 |  | $ | 1,842 |

The Company expects that unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2021 if recognized, would have a material impact on the Company’s effective tax rate.

Tax Assessments

In September 2015, the Company’s Indian subsidiary was subject to an inquiry by the Service Tax Department in India regarding the classification of services provided by this subsidiary, asserting that the services provided by this subsidiary fall under the category of online information and database access or retrieval services (OID Services), and not under the category of business support services (BS Services) that are exempt from service tax as historically indicated in the subsidiary’s service tax filings. The Company disagrees with the Service Tax Department’s position. In November 2019, the Commissioner of Central Tax, GST & Central Excise issued an order confirming the Service Tax Department’s position. The Company is contesting this order in an appeal to the Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal. In the event the Service Tax Department is ultimately successful in proving that the services fall under the category of OID Services, the revenues earned by the Company’s Indian subsidiary for the period July 2012 through November 2016 would be subject to a service tax of between 12.36% and 15%, and this subsidiary may also be liable for interest and penalties. The revenue of our Indian subsidiary during this period was approximately $64.0 million. In accordance with new rules promulgated by the Service Tax Department, as of December 1, 2016 service tax is no longer applicable to OID or BS Services. Based on the assessment of the Company’s counsel, the Company has not recorded any tax liability for this case.

In a separate action relating to service tax refunds, in October 2016, the Company’s Indian subsidiary received notices from the Indian Service Tax Department in India seeking to reverse service tax refunds of approximately $160,000 previously granted to our Indian subsidiary for three quarters in 2014, asserting that the services provided by this subsidiary fall under the category of OID Services and not BS Services. The appeal was determined in favor of the Service Tax Department. The Company disagrees with the basis of this decision and is contesting it. The Company expects delays in its Indian subsidiary receiving further service tax refunds until this matter is adjudicated with finality, and currently has service tax credits of approximately $1.0 million recorded as a receivable. Based on the assessment of the Company’s counsel, the Company has not recorded any tax liability for this case.

Substantial recovery against the Company in the above referenced 2015 Service Tax Department case could have a material adverse impact on the Company, and unfavorable rulings or recoveries in other tax proceedings could have a material adverse impact on the consolidated operating results of the period (and subsequent periods) in which the rulings or recovery occurs.

12

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

(Unaudited)

| 4. | Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation – In 2008, a judgment was rendered in the Philippines against a Philippine subsidiary of the Company that is no longer active and purportedly also against Innodata Inc., in favor of certain former employees of the Philippine subsidiary. The potential payment amount aggregates to approximately $6.8 million, plus legal interest that accrued at 12% per annum from August 13, 2008 to June 30, 2013, and thereafter accrued and continues to accrue at 6% per annum. The potential payment amount as expressed in U.S. dollars varies with the Philippine peso to U.S. dollar exchange rate. In December 2017, a group of 97 of the former employees of the Philippine subsidiary indicated that they proposed to record the judgment as to themselves in New Jersey. In January 2018, in response to an action initiated by Innodata Inc., the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (USDC) entered a preliminary injunction that enjoins these former employees from pursuing or seeking recognition or enforcement of the judgment against Innodata Inc. in the United States during the pendency of the action and until further order of the USDC. In June 2018, the USDC entered a consent order administratively closing the action subject to return of the action to the active docket upon the written request of Innodata Inc. or the former employees, with the USDC retaining jurisdiction over the matter and the preliminary injunction remaining in full force and effect.

The Company is also subject to various other legal proceedings and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of business.

While management currently believes that the ultimate outcome of these proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or overall trends in consolidated results of operations, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties. Substantial recovery against the Company in the above-referenced Philippine action could have a material adverse impact on the Company, and unfavorable rulings or recoveries in the other proceedings could have a material adverse impact on the consolidated operating results in the period in which the ruling or recovery occurs. In addition, the Company’s estimate of the potential impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or overall consolidated results of operations for the above referenced legal proceedings could change in the future.

The Company’s legal accruals related to legal proceedings and claims are based on the Company’s determination of whether or not a loss is probable. The Company reviews outstanding proceedings and claims with external counsel to assess probability and estimates of loss. The accruals are adjusted if necessary. While the Company intends to defend these matters vigorously, adverse outcomes that it estimates could reach approximately $350,000 in the aggregate beyond recorded amounts are reasonably possible. If circumstances change, the Company may be required to record adjustments that could be material to its reported consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

13

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

(Unaudited)

| 5. | Stock Options and Restricted Shares

A summary of stock option activity under the Innodata Inc. 2013 Stock Plan, as amended and restated effective June 7, 2016 (the Plan), as of March 31, 2021, and changes during the three months then ended, are presented below:

|  | Number of Options |  |  | Weighted - Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
Outstanding at January 1, 2021 |  |  | 5,906,884 |  |  | $ | 1.61 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | 360,000 |  |  |  | 6.40 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | (689,616 | ) |  |  | 2.17 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited/Expired |  |  | (13,333 | ) |  |  | 1.38 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at March 31, 2021 |  |  | 5,563,935 |  |  | $ | 1.86 |  |  |  | 7.69 |  |  | $ | 24,770,815 |
Exercisable at March 31, 2021 |  |  | 3,594,434 |  |  | $ | 1.68 |  |  |  | 7.10 |  |  | $ | 16,621,389 |
Vested and Expected to Vest at March 31, 2021 |  |  | 5,563,935 |  |  | $ | 1.86 |  |  |  | 7.69 |  |  | $ | 24,770,815 |

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, a total of 689,616 options were exercised at an average price of $2.17 for an aggregate value of $1,497,382. 186,816 of the exercised stock options were surrendered to the Company as payment of the exercise price and minimum tax withholdings resulting from the stock options exercised.

The fair value of stock options is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The weighted-average fair value of the options granted, and weighted-average assumptions were as follows:

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 |
Weighted average fair value of options granted |  | $ | 3.33 |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 0.22%-0.82 | %
Expected term (years) |  |  | 2.96-6.0 |
Expected volatility factor |  |  | 59.62 | %
Expected dividends |  |  | - |

A summary of restricted shares under the Plan as of March 31, 2021 are presented below:

|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |
Unvested at December 31, 2020 |  |  | 50,000 |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |
Vested |  |  | (25,000 | ) |  |  |  |
Forfeited/Expired |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |
Unvested at March 31, 2021 |  |  | 25,000 |  |  | $ | 1.38 |

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, 25,000 restricted shares vested and 6,597 of the vested shares were surrendered to the Company as payment of minimum tax withholdings resulting from the vesting of the shares.

14

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

(Unaudited)

The compensation cost related to non-vested stock options and restricted stock awards not yet recognized as of March 31, 2021 totaled approximately $2.0 million. The weighted-average period over which these costs will be recognized is twenty-six months.

The stock-based compensation expense related to the Company’s various stock awards was allocated as follows (in thousands):

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Direct operating costs |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 40 |
Selling and administrative expenses |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | 130 |
Total stock-based compensation |  | $ | 278 |  |  | $ | 170 |

| 6. | Operating Leases

The Company has various lease agreements for its offices and service delivery centers. The Company has determined that the risks and benefits related to the leased properties are retained by the lessors. Accordingly, these are accounted for as operating leases.

These lease agreements are for terms ranging from two to eleven years and, in most cases, provide for rental escalations ranging from 1.75% to 10%. Most of these agreements are renewable at the mutual consent of the parties to the contract.

The table below summarizes the amounts recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements related to operating leases for the periods presented (in thousands):

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Rent expense for long-term operating leases |  | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | 443 |
Rent expense for short-term leases |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 172 |
Total rent expense |  | $ | 437 |  |  | $ | 615 |

15

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

(Unaudited)

The following table presents the maturity profile of the Company’s operating lease liabilities based on the contractual undiscounted payments with a reconciliation of these amounts to the remaining net present value of the operating lease liability reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2021 (in thousands):

Year |  | Amount |
2021 |  | $ | 1,568 |
2022 |  |  | 1,476 |
2023 |  |  | 1,172 |
2024 |  |  | 1,033 |
2025 |  |  | 1,049 |
2026 and thereafter |  |  | 3,228 |
Total lease payments |  |  | 9,526 |
Less: Interest |  |  | (2,443 | )
Net present value of lease liabilities |  | $ | 7,083 |
Current portion |  | $ | 1,017 |
Long-term portion |  |  | 6,066 |
Total |  | $ | 7,083 |

The weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates for all of our operating leases as of March 31, 2021 were as follows:

Weighted-average lease term remaining |  |  | 63 months |
Weighted-average discount rate |  |  | 8.68 | %

7. Long-term obligations

Total long-term obligations as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Pension obligations - accrued pension liability |  | $ | 6,015 |  |  | $ | 5,940 |
Settlement agreement (1) |  |  | 456 |  |  |  | 518 |
Capital lease obligations |  |  | - |  |  |  | 209 |
Microsoft licenses (2) |  |  | 743 |  |  |  | 747 |
Bank loans payable (3) |  |  | 580 |  |  |  | 580 |
|  |  | 7,794 |  |  |  | 7,994 |
Less: Current portion of long-term obligations |  |  | 2,134 |  |  |  | 1,712 |
Totals |  | $ | 5,660 |  |  | $ | 6,282 |

(1) Represents payment to be made pursuant to a settlement agreement entered into in December 2018 between a subsidiary of the Company and 19 former employees of such subsidiary. The balance is payable in monthly installments through March 2023.

16

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

(Unaudited)

(2) On April 2020, the Company renewed a vendor agreement to acquire certain additional software licenses and to receive support and subsequent software upgrades on these and other currently owned software licenses through February 2023. Pursuant to this agreement, the Company was obligated to pay approximately $0.4 million annually over the term of the agreement.

(3) On May 4, 2020, the Company received loan proceeds of $579,700 under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) which was established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act of 2020, as amended. The loans and accrued interest are forgivable, as long as the borrower uses the loan proceeds for eligible purposes, including payroll, benefits, rent and utilities, and maintains its payroll levels. On January 29, 2021, the Company filed its loan forgiveness application for 100% of the approved loan under the PPP.

8. | Comprehensive loss

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, as reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, consists of pension liability adjustments, net of taxes, foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes and changes in fair value of derivatives, net of taxes. The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss as of March 31, 2021 and 2020, and reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three months then ended, are presented below (in thousands):

|  | Pension Liability Adjustment |  |  | Fair Value of Derivatives |  |  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |
Balance at January 1, 2021 |  | $ | (444 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (494 | ) |  | $ | (938 | )
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications, net of taxes |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | (21 | )
Total other comprehensive loss before reclassifications, net of taxes |  |  | (444 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (515 | ) |  |  | (959 | )
Net amount reclassified to earnings |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 11 |
Balance at March 31, 2021 |  | $ | (433 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (515 | ) |  | $ | (948 | )

|  | Pension Liability Adjustment |  |  | Fair Value of Derivatives |  |  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |
Balance at January 1, 2020 |  | $ | (53 | ) |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | (900 | ) |  | $ | (920 | )
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications, net of taxes |  |  | - |  |  |  | (166 | ) |  |  | (718 | ) |  |  | (884 | )
Total other comprehensive loss before reclassifications, net of taxes |  |  | (53 | ) |  |  | (133 | )# |  |  | (1,618 | ) |  |  | (1,804 | )
Net amount reclassified to earnings |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | 9 |
Balance at March 31, 2020 |  | $ | (39 | ) |  | $ | (138 | ) |  | $ | (1,618 | ) |  | $ | (1,795 | )

All reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss had an impact on direct operating costs in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

9. | Segment Reporting and Concentrations

The Company’s operations are classified in three reporting segments: Digital Data Solutions (DDS), Synodex and Agility.

17

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

(Unaudited)

The DDS segment provides a range of solutions and platforms for solving complex data challenges that companies face when they seek to obtain the benefits of artificial intelligence (AI) systems and analytics platforms. These include data annotation, data transformation, data curation and intelligent automation. The DDS segment also provides a variety of services for clients in the information industry that relate to content operations and product development.

The Synodex segment provides an intelligent data platform that transforms medical records into useable digital data organized in accordance with our proprietary data models or client data models.

The Agility segment provides an intelligent data platform that provides marketing communications and public relations professionals with the ability to target and distribute content to journalists and social media influencers world-wide and to monitor and analyze global news channels (print, web, radio and TV) and social media channels.

A significant portion of the Company’s revenues are generated from its facilities in the Philippines, India, Sri Lanka, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and Israel.

Revenues from external clients and segment operating profit (loss), and other reportable segment information for the periods presented were as follows (in thousands):

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
DDS |  | $ | 11,764 |  |  | $ | 10,409 |
Synodex |  |  | 1,018 |  |  |  | 1,282 |
Agility |  |  | 3,185 |  |  |  | 2,839 |
Total Consolidated |  | $ | 15,967 |  |  | $ | 14,530 |
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes(1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
DDS |  | $ | 654 |  |  | $ | 203 |
Synodex |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 196 |
Agility |  |  | (426 | ) |  |  | (274 | )
Total Consolidated |  | $ | 336 |  |  | $ | 125 |
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes(2): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
DDS |  | $ | 584 |  |  | $ | 133 |
Synodex |  |  | 152 |  |  |  | 241 |
Agility |  |  | (400 | ) |  |  | (249 | )
Total Consolidated |  | $ | 336 |  |  | $ | 125 |

18

INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

(Unaudited)

|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Total assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
DDS |  | $ | 26,948 |  |  | $ | 27,767 |
Synodex |  |  | 129 |  |  |  | 457 |
Agility |  |  | 29,214 |  |  |  | 29,030 |
Total Consolidated |  | $ | 56,291 |  |  | $ | 57,254 |

|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Goodwill: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agility |  | $ | 2,157 |  |  | $ | 2,150 |
Total |  | $ | 2,157 |  |  | $ | 2,150 |

(1) | Before elimination of any inter-segment profits
(2) | After elimination of any inter-segment profits

The following table summarizes revenues by geographic region (determined and based upon customer’s domicile) (in thousands):

|  | For the Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
United States |  | $ | 8,220 |  |  | $ | 6,694 |
United Kingdom |  |  | 2,802 |  |  |  | 2,771 |
The Netherlands |  |  | 1,654 |  |  |  | 1,640 |
Canada |  |  | 1,595 |  |  |  | 1,545 |
Others - principally Europe |  |  | 1,696 |  |  |  | 1,880 |
Totals |  | $ | 15,967 |  |  | $ | 14,530 |

Long-lived assets as of March 31, 2021 and 2020 by geographic region were comprised of (in thousands):

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
United States |  | $ | 3,901 |  |  | $ | 4,045 |
Foreign countries: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada |  |  | 9,160 |  |  |  | 9,044 |
United Kingdom |  |  | 1,703 |  |  |  | 1,759 |
Philippines |  |  | 4,386 |  |  |  | 4,545 |
India |  |  | 833 |  |  |  | 930 |
Sri Lanka |  |  | 279 |  |  |  | 319 |
Israel |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |
Total foreign |  |  | 16,361 |  |  |  | 16,598 |
Totals |  | $ | 20,262 |  |  | $ | 20,643 |

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INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

(Unaudited)

Long-lived assets include the unamortized balance of right-of-use assets amounting to $6.4 million and $6.6 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

One client in the DDS segment generated approximately 12% and 14% of the Company’s total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. No other client accounted for 10% or more of total revenues during these periods. Further, revenues from non-U.S. clients accounted for 49% and 54% of the Company’s total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

As of March 31, 2021, approximately 48% of the Company’s accounts receivable was from foreign (principally European) clients and 45% of the Company’s accounts receivable was due from four clients. As of December 31, 2020, approximately 55% of the Company’s accounts receivable was from foreign (principally European) clients and 36% of the Company’s accounts receivable was due from three clients.

10. | Income (Loss) Per Share

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Innodata Inc. and Subsidiaries |  | $ | 398 |  |  | $ | (291 | )
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  | 25,873 |  |  |  | 24,401 |
Dilutive effect of outstanding options |  |  | 3,579 |  |  |  | - |
Adjusted for dilutive computation |  |  | 29,452 |  |  |  | 24,401 |

Basic income (loss) per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted income (loss) per share is computed by considering the impact of the potential issuance of common shares, using the treasury stock method, on the weighted average number of shares outstanding. For those securities that are not convertible into a class of common stock, the two-class method of computing income (loss) per share is used.

Options to purchase 0.3 million shares of common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2021, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted income (loss) per share because the exercise price of the options were greater than the average market price of the common shares and therefore the effect would have been anti-dilutive. Options to purchase 6.3 million shares of common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted loss per share because the exercise price of the options was greater than the average market price of the common shares and therefore the effect would have been anti-dilutive.

11. | Derivatives

The Company conducts a large portion of its operations in international markets, which subject it to foreign currency fluctuations. The most significant foreign currency exposures occur when revenue and associated accounts receivable are collected in one currency and expenses to generate that revenue are incurred in another currency. The Company is also subject to wage inflation and other government mandated increases and operating expenses in Asian countries where the Company has the majority of its operations. The Company’s primary inflation and exchange rate exposure relates to payroll, other payroll costs and operating expenses in the Philippines, India, Sri Lanka and Israel.

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INNODATA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 AND 2020

(Unaudited)

In addition, although most of the Company’s revenue is denominated in U.S. dollars, a significant portion of total revenues is denominated in Canadian dollars, Pound Sterling and Euros.

The Company was previously following hedge accounting guidelines and formally documented all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking hedge transactions. However, commencing November 2020, the Company discontinued this practice. The Company does not hold or issue derivatives for trading purposes. All derivatives are recognized at their fair value and classified based on the instrument’s maturity date. The total notional amount for outstanding derivatives was $5.8 million and $6.9 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

The effect of foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the years ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Net gain (loss) recognized in OCI(1) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (166 | )
Net (gain) loss reclassified from accumulated OCI into income(2) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (5 | )
Net gain recognized in income(3) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |

(1)Net change in fair value of the effective portion classified into other comprehensive income ("OCI")
(2)Effective portion classified within direct operating costs
(3)There were no ineffective portions for the period presented.

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Item 2.

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL

CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Disclosures in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this Report) contain certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements concerning our operations, economic performance, and financial condition. Words such as “project,” “believe,” “expect,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “intend,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “anticipate,” “indicate,” “predict,” “likely,” “estimate,” “plan,” “potential,” or the negatives thereof, and other similar expressions generally identify forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations, assumptions and estimates and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation, the expected or potential effects of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic and the responses of governments, the general global population, our customers, and the Company thereto; the outcome of our application for loan forgiveness for proceeds received under the Paycheck Protection Program established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act; that contracts may be terminated by clients; projected or committed volumes of work may not materialize; continuing reliance on project-based work in the Digital Data Solutions (DDS) segment and the primarily at-will nature of such contracts and the ability of these clients to reduce, delay or cancel projects; the likelihood of continued development of the markets, particularly new and emerging markets, that our services support; continuing DDS segment revenue concentration in a limited number of clients; potential inability to replace projects that are completed, canceled or reduced; our dependency on content providers in our Agility segment; difficulty in integrating and deriving synergies from acquisitions, joint venture and strategic investments; potential undiscovered liabilities of companies and businesses that we may acquire; potential impairment of the carrying value of goodwill and other acquired intangible assets of companies and businesses that we acquire; changes in our business or growth strategy, such as our re-design of our solutions and product portfolio in 2019; a continued downturn in or depressed market conditions, whether as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise; changes in external market factors; the ability and willingness of our clients and prospective clients to execute business plans that give rise to requirements for our services; changes in our business or growth strategy; the emergence of new, or growth in existing competitors; various other competitive and technological factors; the Company’s use of and reliance on information technology systems, including potential security breaches, cyber-attacks, privacy breaches or data breaches that result in the unauthorized disclosure of consumer, client, employee or Company information, or service interruptions; and other risks and uncertainties indicated from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Our actual results could differ materially from the results referred to in forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, uncertainty around the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects of the global response thereto and the risks discussed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” in “Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and other parts of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2021, and in other filings that we may make with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In light of these risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the results referred to in the forward-looking statements will occur, and you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof.

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We undertake no obligation to update or review any guidance or other forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by the federal securities laws.

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of Innodata Inc. and its subsidiaries and should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Report.

Correction of Immaterial Errors – During the preparation of the September 30, 2020 condensed consolidated financial statements, certain historical errors were identified relating to the accounting for capital leases under ASC Topics 840 and 842, both relating to lease accounting. The lease obligations under certain leases were not recorded at their present values at the inception of the leases, resulting in an overstatement of expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The errors were not material, either quantitatively or qualitatively, in any of the reported periods. However, the corrections, if recorded in the three-month period ended September 30, 2020, would have been material to such period. Accordingly, the March 31, 2020 financial statements included in this Form 10-Q are being corrected by revising such financial statements, as follows:

| · | A decrease in expenses of $74,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. There was no impact on the loss per share for the three-month period ended March 31, 2020.

| · | A decrease in liabilities of $51,000 as of March 31, 2020.

| · | An increase in total assets of $23,000 as of March 31, 2020.

| · | The impact on cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was:

| · | An increase in cash flows provided by operating activities of $47,000.

| · | An increase in cash flows used in financing activities of $47,000.

The Company evaluated the errors under Staff Accounting Bulletins 99 and 108 and concluded that a restatement of the March 31, 2020 condensed consolidated financial statements is not required.

Business Overview

Innodata Inc. (including its subsidiaries, the “Company”, “Innodata”, “we”, “us” or “our”) is a global data engineering company. We solve complex data challenges using artificial intelligence (AI) and human expertise.

We provide large-scale data annotation services and platforms to companies who require high-quality data for training AI and machine learning (ML) algorithms. We also provide AI/ML-based solutions to help companies apply AI/ML to real-world problems relating to analyzing and deriving insights from documents. For industry-specific, document-intensive industry use cases, we provide AI-augmented software-as-a-service (SaaS) platforms and discrete managed services.

Our platforms and services are powered by Goldengate, our proprietary AI/ML platform, as well as other technologies we have developed. In addition, we bring to bear 3,500+ employees spanning nine countries with expertise in data pertaining to many professional fields. Our hybrid approach of using AI/ML in conjunction with human experts enables us to deliver superior data quality with even the most complex and sensitive data.

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We developed our capabilities and honed our customer- and quality-centric culture progressively over the last 30 years creating high-quality data for many of the world’s most demanding information companies. Approximately five years ago, we formed Innodata Labs, a research and development center, to research, develop and apply machine learning and emerging AI to our large-scale, human-intensive data operations. In 2019, we began packaging the capabilities that emerged from our R&D efforts in order to align with several fast-growing new markets and help companies use AI/ML to drive performance benefits and business insights. We anticipate this strategy will enable us to accelerate growth.

Data Annotation

We train AI algorithms for social media companies, robotics companies, financial services companies, and many others, working with images, text, video and audio. Data sciences teams seek partners that can perform data preparation functions for them at large-scale and at high quality, while using automated tools to minimize cost. Moreover, as AI projects become more specialized and mission-critical, data preparation is becoming increasingly complex, requiring deep domain knowledge and an infrastructure in which data security is assured.

We utilize a variety of leading third-party image and video annotation tools. For text, we use our proprietary text annotation platform that incorporates AI to reduce cost while improving consistency and quality of output. Our proprietary text annotation platform features auto-tagging capabilities that apply to both classical and generative AI tasks. It also encapsulates many of the innovations we have conceived of in the course of our 30-year history of creating high-quality data.

AI/ML Solutions

We also provide AI/ML solutions to companies that intensively process textual data and seek to obtain the benefits of AI/ML technologies without having to develop AI/ML engineering capabilities in-house. For such companies, we often integrate one or more of our pre-trained text processing algorithms as a foundation for an overall solution. Our algorithms are accessible as microservices via application programming interfaces (APIs), enabling easy integration.

In conjunction with AI/ML solutions, we often provide a range of data engineering support services, including data transformation, data curation, data hygiene, data consolidation, data compliance, and master data management.

Our customers span a diverse range of industries and a wide range of AI use cases, benefiting from the short time-to-value and high economic returns our AI/ML solutions provide.

AI/ML Industry Platforms

Our industry platforms address specific, niche market requirements that we believe we can fulfill in large part with our AI/ML technologies. We deploy these industry platforms as software-as-a-service (SaaS) and as managed services. To date, we have built an industry platform for medical records data extraction and transformation (which we brand as “Synodex®”) and for marketing communications/public relations news distribution and monitoring (which we brand as “Agility PR Solutions”).

Our Synodex industry platform transforms medical records into useable digital data organized in accordance with our proprietary data models or client data models. At the end of 2020, we had 20 clients utilizing our Synodex platform, including John Hancock Insurance, the insurance operating unit of John Hancock Financial (a division of Manulife) and one of the largest life insurers in the United States.

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Our Agility industry platform provides marketing communications and public relations professionals with the ability to target and distribute content to journalists and social media influencers world-wide and to monitor and analyze global news (print, web, radio and TV) and social media.

Our operations are presently classified and reported in three reporting segments: Digital Data Solutions (DDS), Synodex and Agility.

Inflation, Seasonality and Prevailing Economic Conditions

Prevailing Economic Conditions

The novel coronavirus disease 2019, which the World Health Organization declared as a pandemic on March 11, 2020, continues to spread throughout the world. COVID-19 has created significant global economic downturn, disrupted global trade and supply chains, adversely impacted many industries, caused federal and regional governments to impose substantial restrictions on the operations of non-essential businesses and contributed to significant declines and volatility in financial markets. The rapid developments and fluidity of this situation precludes any prediction as to the ultimate impact of COVID-19 on our performance and financial results.

Prior to the pandemic being declared, we prepared a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) for our 12 global delivery centers and offices. When COVID-19 was declared to be a pandemic, we triggered our BCP, enabling us to continue operations while safeguarding the health and welfare of our employees.

While the pandemic presented, and may in the future present, new risks to our business and there have been logistical and other challenges, there was no material adverse impact on our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

The situation surrounding the COVID-19 crisis remains fluid and the extent and duration of its impact to the economy remains unclear. For this reason, we cannot reasonably estimate with any degree of certainty the future impact that it may have on our results of operations and financial condition. The potential for a material impact on our results of operations and financial position increases the longer the virus affects the level of economic activity in the United States and globally.

With the current level of demand for our services, we believe we have existing cash and cash equivalents that provide sufficient sources of liquidity to satisfy our financial needs for the next 12 months from the date of the filing of this Report (refer to Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional information). In the event we experience a significant or prolonged reduction in revenues, the likelihood of which is uncertain, we would seek to manage our liquidity by reducing capital expenditures, deferring investment activities, and reducing operating costs as we would likely have no other sources of liquidity to support ongoing operations in a manner that is not significantly detrimental to the business.

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Inflation

Our most significant costs are the salaries and related benefits of our employees in Asia. We are exposed to potential high inflation in wage rates in the countries in which we operate. We generally perform work for our clients under project-specific contracts, requirements-based contracts or long-term contracts. We must adequately anticipate wage increases, particularly on our fixed-price contracts. There can be no assurance that we will be able to recover cost increases through increases in the prices that we charge for our services to our clients.

Seasonality

Our quarterly operating results are subject to certain fluctuations. We experience fluctuations in our revenue and earnings as we replace and begin new projects, which may have some normal start-up delays, or we may be unable to replace a project entirely. These and other factors may contribute to fluctuations in our operating results from quarter to quarter. In addition, as some of our Asian facilities are closed during holidays in the fourth quarter, we typically incur higher wages, due to overtime, that reduce our margins.

Our Synodex subsidiary experiences seasonal fluctuations in revenues. Typically, revenue is lowest in the third quarter of the calendar year and highest in the fourth quarter of the calendar year. The seasonality is directly linked to the number of life insurance applications received by the insurance companies.

For further information refer to the risk factor titled “Quarterly fluctuations in our revenues and results of operations could make financial forecasting difficult and could negatively affect our stock price.” in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Results of Operations

Amounts in the MD&A below have been rounded. All percentages have been calculated using rounded amounts.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020

Revenues

Total revenues were $16.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $14.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, an increase of approximately $1.5 million or 10%. The increase was attributable to increased revenues from the DDS and Agility segments, partially offset by decreases in the Synodex segment.

Revenues from the DDS segment were $11.8 million and $10.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, an increase of approximately $1.4 million or 13%. The increase was primarily attributable to revenue from a new customer.

Revenues from the Synodex segment were $1.0 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, a decrease of approximately $0.3 million or 23%. The decrease was primarily attributed to lower volume from two existing clients.

Revenues from the Agility segment were $3.2 million and $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, an increase of $0.4 million or approximately 14%. The increase was primarily attributable to higher revenues from subscriptions to our Agility intelligent data platform and newswire products.

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One client in the DDS segment generated approximately 12% and 14% of the Company’s total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. No other client accounted for 10% or more of total revenues during these periods. Further, revenues from non-U.S. clients accounted for 49% and 54% of the Company’s total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Direct Operating Costs

Direct operating costs consist of direct payroll, occupancy costs, data center hosting fees, content acquisition costs, depreciation and amortization, travel, telecommunications, computer services, and supplies, realized gain (loss) on forward contracts, foreign currency revaluation gain (loss), and other direct expenses that are incurred in providing services to our clients.

Direct operating costs were $10.1 million and $9.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, an increase of $0.4 million. The increase was primarily due to higher labor related costs of $0.8 million, offset in part by $0.2 million of foreign exchange gain, $0.1 million decrease in occupancy and related costs and $0.1 million decrease in other direct operating expenses. Direct operating costs as a percentage of total revenues were 63% and 67% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease in direct operating costs as a percentage of revenues was attributable to higher revenues, partially offset by an increase in direct operating costs.

Direct operating costs for the DDS segment were approximately $7.6 million and $7.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, an increase of $0.5 million. The increase was primarily due to higher labor related costs of $0.9 million, offset in part by a $0.2 million lower occupancy and related costs and a $0.2 million foreign exchange gain. Direct operating costs for the DDS segment as a percentage of DDS segment revenues were 64% and 68% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease in direct operating costs as a percentage of revenues was attributable to higher revenues, partially offset by an increase in direct operating costs.

Direct operating costs for the Synodex segment were $0.7 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, a decrease of $0.2 million. The decrease was primarily due to lower labor related costs and software maintenance costs of $0.1 million each. Direct operating costs for the Synodex segment as a percentage of Synodex segment revenues were 70% and 69% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in direct operating costs as a percentage of revenues was primarily due to lower revenue from two existing clients.

Direct operating costs for the Agility segment were $1.8 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase of $0.1 million was primarily due to higher software amortization costs during the quarter. Direct operating costs for the Agility segment as a percentage of Agility segment revenues were 56% and 61% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease in direct operating costs as a percentage of revenues was attributable to higher revenues, partially offset by an increase in direct operating costs.

Selling and Administrative Expenses

Selling and administrative expenses consist of management and administrative salaries, sales and marketing costs including commissions, new services research and related software development, third-party software, advertising and trade conferences, professional fees and consultant costs, and other administrative overhead costs.

Selling and administrative expenses were $5.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, an increase of $0.9 million. The increase was primarily due to new hires, labor related incentives, recruitment, and other professional fees to support revenue growth plan across all business segments. Selling and administrative expenses as a percentage of total revenues were 34% and 32% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in selling and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues was attributable to higher selling and administrative expenses offset by increased revenues.

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Selling and administrative expenses for the DDS segment were $3.5 million and $3.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, an increase of $0.5 million. The increase in selling and administrative expenses for the DDS segment was primarily due to new hires, labor related incentives, recruitment, and other professional fees. Selling and administrative expenses for the DDS segment as a percentage of DDS revenues were 30% and 29% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. The increase in selling and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues was attributable to higher selling and administrative expenses offset by increased revenues.

Selling and administrative expenses for the Synodex segment were $0.2 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. Selling and administrative expenses for the Synodex segment as a percentage of Synodex segment revenues were 20% and 15% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2020, respectively. The increase in selling and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues was attributable to lower revenues.

Selling and administrative expenses for the Agility segment were $1.8 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase of $0.4 million was primarily due to new hires and recruitment fees. Selling and administrative expenses for the Agility segment as a percentage of Agility segment revenues were 56% and 50% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. The increase in selling and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues was primarily due to higher selling and administrative expenses offset by increased revenues.

Income Taxes

We recorded a tax benefit of $0.1 million compared to a provision of $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease in tax provision of $0.5 million was primarily due to the partial reversal of an accrual for an uncertain tax position due to the settlement of an income tax matter in one of our foreign subsidiaries and foreign exchange gains in the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Taxes primarily consist of a provision for foreign taxes recorded in accordance with the local tax regulations by our foreign subsidiaries. Effective income tax rates are disproportionate due to the losses incurred by the Company’s Canadian subsidiaries and a valuation allowance recorded on deferred taxes on the U.S. and Canadian entities and tax effects of foreign operations, including foreign exchange gains and losses.

Net Income (Loss)

Net income was $0.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to a net loss of $0.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020. The improvement was primarily attributable to the DDS segment.

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Net income for the DDS segment was $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared a net loss of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The improvement in net income of $0.9 million is attributable to a lower tax provision of $0.5 million in the period and a $0.4 million net increase attributable to higher revenues partially offset by higher operating costs.

Net income for Synodex segment was $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31,2020, respectively. The decrease was due to lower revenues partially offset by lower operating costs.

Net loss for the Agility segment was $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The increase in net loss is due to higher operating costs offset by increased revenues.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Selected measures of liquidity and capital resources, expressed in thousands, were as follows:

|  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 17,296 |  |  | $ | 17,573 |
Working capital |  |  | 13,528 |  |  |  | 13,515 |

At March 31, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $17.3 million, of which $10.2 million was held by our foreign subsidiaries, and $7.1 million was held in the United States. Despite our ability under existing tax law to repatriate funds from overseas after paying the toll charge, it is our intent as of March 31, 2021, to permanently reinvest the overseas funds in our foreign subsidiaries on account of the withholding tax that we would have to incur on the actual remittances.

We have used, and plan to use, our cash and cash equivalents for (i) hiring of sales personnel; (ii) the expansion of our other operations; (iii) technology innovation; (iv) product management and strategic marketing; (v) general corporate purposes, including working capital; and (vi) possible business acquisitions. We had working capital of approximately $13.5 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Our days’ sales outstanding (DSO) were 56 days as of March 31, 2021 and 62 days as of December 31, 2020. We calculate DSO for a reported period by first dividing the total revenues for the period by the average net accounts receivable for the period (which is the sum of the net accounts receivable at the beginning of the period and the net accounts receivable at the end of the period, divided by two), to yield an amount we refer to as the “accounts receivable turnover”. Then we divide the total number of days within the reported period by the accounts receivable turnover to yield DSO expressed in number of days.

On May 4, 2020, we received loan proceeds of $579,700 under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) which was established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act. The loans and accrued interest are forgivable as long as the borrower uses the loan proceeds for eligible purposes, including payroll, benefits, rent and utilities, and maintains its payroll levels. The unforgiven portion of the loan is payable over two years at an interest rate of 1% per year, with a deferral of payments for the first six months. On January 29, 2021, we applied for loan forgiveness for 100% of the approved loan under the PPP.

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We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and internally generated funds will provide sufficient sources of liquidity to satisfy our financial needs for the next 12 months from the date of issuance of these financial statements. However, we have no bank facilities or lines of credit. Reductions in our cash and cash equivalents from operating losses, capital expenditures, adverse legal decisions, acquisitions or otherwise could materially and adversely affect the Company.

Cash Flows

Net Cash Provided by Operating activities

Cash provided by our operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $0.8 million primarily on account of the following factors: our net income for the period of $0.4 million; a source of $1.1 million from non-cash expenses consisting of depreciation and amortization of $0.7 million, stock-based compensation of $0.3 million and pension cost of $0.1 million, offset by net changes from working capital accounts for a use of $0.7 million. Refer to the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for further details.

Cash provided by our operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $0.8 million primarily on account of the following factors: our net loss for the period of $0.3 million; a source of $1.0 million from non-cash expenses consisting of depreciation and amortization of $0.6 million, pension cost of $0.2 million and stock-based compensation of $0.2 million; and net changes from working capital accounts which contributed an additional source of $0.1 million. Refer to the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for further details.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, cash used in our investing activities was $0.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively. These expenditures principally consisted of purchases of technology equipment including servers, network infrastructure and workstations.

During the next 12 months, we anticipate that capital expenditures for ongoing technology, equipment and infrastructure upgrades will approximate $2.0 million to $2.5 million.

The source of funds for the anticipated capital expenditures will be cash generated from our operations.

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was from proceeds from stock option exercises of $0.6 million. Cash paid for withholding taxes on net settlement exercises for the three months ended March 31, 2021 were $0.8 million. Payments of long-term obligations were $0.3 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our results of operations, liquidity and capital resources is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts and billing adjustments, long-lived assets, intangible assets, goodwill, valuation of deferred tax assets, value of securities underlying stock-based compensation, litigation accruals, pension benefits, purchase price allocation of Agility, valuation of derivative instruments and estimated accruals for various tax exposures. We base our estimates on historical and anticipated results and trends and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. By their nature, estimates are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Actual results may differ from our estimates and could have a significant adverse effect on our condensed consolidated results of operations and financial position. We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant estimates and judgments in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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The significant accounting policies used in preparing these condensed consolidated financial statements are the same as those described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless otherwise noted.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements – In December 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes” as part of its initiative to reduce complexity in the accounting standards. The standard eliminates certain exceptions related to the approach for intra-period tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The standard also clarifies and simplifies other aspects of the accounting for income taxes. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2021 and it had no material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Statements” (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation amount that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-19, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses,” which clarifies ASC 326, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses” and corrects unintended application of the guidance, and in November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-11, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses,” which clarifies or addresses specific issues about certain aspects of ASU 2016-13. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-03, “Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments,” which modifies the measurement of expected credit losses of certain financial instruments. ASU 2016-13 is effective for certain smaller reporting companies for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 and interim periods within those fiscal years, which will be fiscal 2023 for us if we continue to be classified as a smaller reporting company, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect that the adoption of the new guidance will have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

None.

| Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable for smaller reporting companies.

| Item 4. | Controls and Procedures

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We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Under the supervision, and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined under Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), as of March 31, 2021. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended March 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

| Item 1. | Legal Proceedings

See Note 4. Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated by reference herein.

| Item 1A. | Risk Factors

There were no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

| Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

There were no sales of unregistered equity securities or repurchases of equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

| Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

| Item 5. | Other Information

None.

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| Item 6. | Exhibits

Exhibit No. |  | Description

31.1* |  | Certificate of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2* |  | Certificate of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1** |  | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2** |  | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101 |  | The following materials from Innodata Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2021, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2021(unaudited) and December 31, 2020; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited); (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (unaudited); (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

| * | Filed herewith.

| ** | In accordance with SEC Release 33-8238, Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 are being furnished and not filed.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

INNODATA INC.

| Date: | May 6, 2021 | /s/ Jack S. Abuhoff |
|  |  | Jack S. Abuhoff |
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer and President |
| Date: | May 6, 2021 | /s/ Mark A. Spelker |
|  |  | Mark A. Spelker |
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer |

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