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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2021
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation - The condensed consolidated financial statements for the interim periods included herein are unaudited; however, they contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position of Innodata Inc. (including its subsidiaries, the “Company”) as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the results of its operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in or with financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted from these condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and, accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Unless otherwise noted, the accounting policies used in preparing these condensed consolidated financial statements are the same as those described in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020. Principles of Consolidation - The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Innodata Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, and the Synodex and docGenix limited liability companies that are majority-owned by the Company. The non-controlling interests in the Synodex and docGenix limited liability companies are accounted for in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (the “FASB”) non-controlling interest guidance. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates - In preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable, including assumptions about the possible effects of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic on critical and significant accounting estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates and changes in those estimates are recorded when known. Significant estimates include those related to the allowance for doubtful accounts and billing adjustments, useful life of long-lived assets, useful life of intangible assets, impairment of goodwill, valuation of deferred tax assets, valuation of stock-based compensation, litigation accruals and estimated accruals for various tax exposures. Capitalized Software Development Costs - the Company incurs development costs related to software it develops for its internal use. Qualifying costs incurred during the application development stage are capitalized. These costs primarily consist of internal labor costs and are amortized using the straight-line method over the software's estimated useful life, which ranges between three and ten years. All other research and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalized software development costs in progress as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $0.4 million and $1.4 million, respectively. Completed capitalized software and development costs as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $8.2 million and $5.5 million, respectively. Deferred Revenue - Deferred revenue represents payments received from clients in advance of providing services and amounts deferred if conditions for revenue recognition have not been met. Included in accrued expenses and other on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets is deferred revenue amounting to $3.1 million and $1.2 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Revenue Recognition – The Company’s revenue is recognized when services are rendered or goods are delivered to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those services or goods as per the agreement with the customer. In cases where there are agreements with multiple performance obligations, the Company identifies each performance obligation and evaluates whether the performance obligations are distinct within the context of the agreement at the agreement’s inception. Performance obligations that are not distinct at agreement inception are combined. For agreements with distinct performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation proportionately based on the estimated standalone selling price for each performance obligation, if any, and then evaluates how the services are performed for the customer to determine the timing of revenue recognition. For the Digital Data Solutions (“DDS”) segment, revenue is recognized primarily based on the quantity delivered or resources utilized in the period in which services are performed and performance conditions are satisfied as per the agreement. Revenue under agreements billed on a time-and-materials basis is recognized as services are performed. Revenue under fixed-fee agreements, which are not significant to overall revenue, is recognized based on the proportional performance method of accounting, as services are performed, or milestones are achieved. For the Synodex segment, revenue is recognized primarily based on the quantity delivered in the period in which services are performed and performance conditions are satisfied as per the agreement. A portion of the Synodex segment revenue is derived from licensing software and providing access to the Company’s hosted software platform. Revenue from such services is recognized monthly when all parties to the agreement have agreed to the agreement; each party’s rights are identifiable; the payment terms are identifiable; the agreement has commercial substance; access to the service is provided to the end user; and collection is probable. The Agility segment derives its revenue primarily from subscription arrangements and provision of enriched media analysis services. It also derives revenue as a reseller of corporate communication solutions. Revenue from subscriptions is recognized monthly when access to the service is provided to the end user; all parties to the agreement have agreed to the agreement; each party’s rights are identifiable; the payment terms are identifiable; the agreement has commercial substance; and collection is probable. Revenue from enriched media analysis services is recognized when the services are performed, and performance conditions are satisfied. Revenue from the reseller agreements is recognized at the gross amount received for the goods in accordance with our functioning as a principal due to our meeting the following criteria: the Company acts as the primary obligor in the sales transaction; assumes the credit risk; sets the price; can select suppliers; and is involved in the execution of the services, including after sales service. Revenue includes reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses, with the corresponding out-of-pocket expenses included in direct operating costs. The Company considers U.S. GAAP criteria for determining whether to report gross revenue as a principal versus net revenue as an agent. The Company evaluates whether it is in control of the services before the same are transferred to the customer to assess whether it is principal or agent in the arrangement. Revenue is recognized on a gross basis if the Company is in the capacity of principal and on a net basis if it falls in the capacity of an agent. Contract acquisition costs, which are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, are amortized over the term of a subscription agreement or contract. The Company reviews these prepaid acquisition costs on a periodic basis to determine the need to adjust the carrying values for early-terminated contracts. Foreign Currency - The functional currency of the Company's subsidiaries in the Philippines, India, Sri Lanka, Israel, Hong Kong and Canada (other than the Agility subsidiary) is the U.S. dollar. Transactions denominated in Philippine pesos, Indian and Sri Lankan rupees, Israeli shekels, Hong Kong and Canadian dollars are translated to U.S. dollars at rates that approximate those in effect on the transaction dates. All Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies on September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are translated at the exchange rate in effect as of those dates. Non-monetary assets, liabilities and stockholders’ equity are translated at the appropriate historical rates. Included in direct operating costs were foreign exchange gains (losses) resulting from such transactions of approximately $348,000 and $13,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $503,000 and $(221,000) for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The functional currency for the Company’s subsidiaries in Germany and the United Kingdom and for the Company’s Agility subsidiary in Canada are the Euro, the Pound Sterling and the Canadian dollar, respectively. The financial statements of these subsidiaries are prepared in these respective currencies. Financial information is translated from the applicable functional currency to the U.S. dollar (the reporting currency) for inclusion in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Revenues, expenses and cash flows are translated at weighted-average exchange rates prevailing during the fiscal periods, and assets and liabilities are translated at fiscal period-end exchange rates. Resulting translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity. Foreign exchange transaction gains or losses are included in direct operating costs in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Derivative Instruments - The Company accounts for derivative transactions in accordance with the FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 825, “Financial Instruments”. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the entire change in fair value of the hedging instrument is recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss). When the amounts recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified to earnings, they are included as part of Direct operating costs. For derivative instruments that are not designated as hedges, any change in fair value is recorded directly in earnings as part of Direct operating costs. Income Taxes – Estimated deferred taxes are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities, using enacted tax rates, as well as any net operating loss or tax credit carryforwards expected to reduce taxes payable in future years. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the estimated deferred tax assets will not be realized. While the Company considers future taxable income in assessing the need for the valuation allowance, in the event that the Company anticipates that it will be able to realize the estimated deferred tax assets in the future in excess of its net recorded amount, an adjustment to the provision for deferred tax assets would increase income in the period such determination was made. Similarly, in the event that the Company anticipates that it will not be able to realize the estimated deferred tax assets in the future considering future taxable income, an adjustment to the provision for deferred tax assets would decrease income in the period such determination was made. Changes in the valuation allowance from period to period are included in the Company’s tax provision in the period of change. The Company indefinitely reinvests the foreign earnings in its foreign subsidiaries. If such earnings are repatriated in the future, or are no longer deemed to be indefinitely reinvested, the Company would have to accrue as a liability the applicable amount of foreign jurisdiction withholding taxes associated with such remittances. In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considered whether it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the U.S. and Canadian deferred tax assets will not be realizable. As the expectation of future taxable income resulting from the U.S. and Canadian entities cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company maintains a valuation allowance against all the U.S. and Canadian net deferred tax assets. The Company accounts for income taxes regarding uncertain tax positions, and recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in Income tax expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Recent Accounting Pronouncements - In December 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes” as part of its initiative to reduce complexity in the accounting standards. The standard eliminates certain exceptions related to the approach for intra-period tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The standard also clarifies and simplifies other aspects of the accounting for income taxes. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2021 and it had no material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Statements” (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation amount that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-19, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses,” which clarifies ASC Topic 326, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses” and corrects unintended application of the guidance, and in November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-11, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses,” which clarifies or addresses specific issues about certain aspects of ASU 2016-13. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-03, “Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments,” which modifies the measurement of expected credit losses of certain financial instruments. ASU 2016-13 is effective for certain smaller reporting companies for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 and interim periods within those fiscal years, which will be fiscal 2023 for the Company if it continues to be classified as a smaller reporting company, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect that the adoption of the new guidance will have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

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