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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2025
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates | 1.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates Basis of Presentation - The condensed consolidated financial statements for the interim periods included herein are unaudited; however, they contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position of Innodata Inc. (including its subsidiaries, the “Company”) as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the results of its operations and comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, and stockholders’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in or with financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted from these condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and, accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Unless otherwise noted, the accounting policies used in preparing these condensed consolidated financial statements are the same as those described in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024. Principles of Consolidation - The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Innodata Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates - In preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include those related to the allowance for credit losses and billing adjustments, useful life of long-lived assets, useful life of intangible assets, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, valuation of deferred tax assets, valuation of stock-based compensation, pension benefit plan assumptions, litigation accruals and estimated accruals for various tax exposures. Concentration of Credit Risk - The Company maintains its cash with highly rated financial institutions, located in the United States and in foreign locations where the Company has its operations. At March 31, 2025, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $56.6 million, of which $17.3 million was held by its foreign subsidiaries and $39.3 million was held in the United States. To the extent that such cash exceeds the maximum insurance levels, the Company is uninsured. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. Accounts Receivable - Accounts receivable is generally recorded at the invoiced amounts, net of an allowance for expected losses. The Company establishes credit terms for new customers based upon management’s review of their credit information and project terms, and performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers, adjusting credit terms when management believes appropriate based upon payment history and an assessment of the customer’s current creditworthiness. We record an allowance for credit losses for estimated losses resulting from the failure of our customers to make the required payments and provisions for billing adjustments relating to quality issues on delivered services, service penalties, discounts and price adjustments. The allowance for credit losses is based on a review of specifically identified accounts and an overall aging analysis applied to accounts pooled based on similar risk characteristics. Judgments are made with respect to the collectability of accounts receivable within each pool based on historical experience, current payment practices, and current economic trends based on our expectations over the expected life of the receivables, generally ninety days or less. Actual credit losses could differ from those estimates. Revenue Recognition - The Company’s revenue is recognized when services are rendered or goods are delivered to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those services or goods as per the agreement with the customer. In cases where there are agreements with multiple performance obligations, the Company identifies each performance obligation and evaluates whether the performance obligations are distinct within the context of the agreement at the agreement’s inception. Performance obligations that are not distinct at agreement inception are combined. For agreements with distinct performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation proportionately based on the estimated standalone selling price for each performance obligation, if any, and then evaluates how the services are performed for the customer to determine the timing of revenue recognition. For the Digital Data Solutions segment, revenue is recognized primarily based on the quantity delivered or resources utilized in the period in which services are performed and performance conditions are satisfied as per the agreement. Revenue from agreements billed on a time-and-materials basis is recognized as services are performed. Revenue from fixed-fee agreements, which is not significant to overall revenues, is recognized based on the proportional performance method of accounting, as services are performed, or milestones are achieved. For the Synodex segment, revenue is recognized primarily based on the quantity delivered in the period in which services are performed and performance conditions are satisfied as per the agreement. A portion of the Synodex segment revenue is derived from licensing the Company’s functional software and providing access to the Company’s hosted software platform. Revenue from such services is recognized monthly when all parties to the agreement have agreed to the agreement; each party’s rights are identifiable; the payment terms are identifiable; the agreement has commercial substance; access to the service is provided to the end user; and collection is probable. The Agility segment derives its revenue primarily from subscription arrangements and provision of enriched media analysis services. It also derives revenue as a reseller of corporate communication solutions. Revenue from subscriptions is recognized monthly when access to the service is provided to the end user; all parties to the agreement have agreed to the agreement; each party’s rights are identifiable; the payment terms are identifiable; the agreement has commercial substance; and collection is probable. Revenue from enriched media analysis services is recognized when the services are performed, and performance conditions are satisfied. Revenue from the reseller agreements is recognized at the gross amount received for the goods in accordance with the Company functioning as a principal due to the Company meeting the following criteria: the Company acts as the primary obligor in the sales transaction; assumes the credit risk; sets the price; can select suppliers; and is involved in the execution of the services, including after sales service. Revenue includes reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses, with the corresponding out-of-pocket expenses included in direct operating costs. Revenue associated with the services provided in one period and billed in a subsequent period is commonly referred to as unbilled revenues and is included under Accounts receivable. The Company considers U.S. GAAP criteria for determining whether to report gross revenue as a principal versus net revenue as an agent. The Company evaluates whether it is in control of the services before the same are transferred to the customer to assess whether it is principal or agent in the arrangement. Contract acquisition costs, which are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, are amortized over the term of a subscription agreement or contract that normally has a duration of 12 months or less. The Company reviews these prepaid acquisition costs on a periodic basis to determine the need to adjust the carrying values for early terminated contracts. Included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets are contract acquisition costs amounting to $1.0 million and $1.1 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These acquisition costs relate to our Agility segment and are amortized over the term of the subscription agreement. Foreign Currency Translation - The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries in the Philippines, India, Sri Lanka, Israel, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and Canada (other than the Agility subsidiaries) is the U.S. dollar. Transactions denominated in Philippine pesos, Indian and Sri Lankan rupees, Israeli shekels, United Kingdom Pound Sterling and Canadian dollars are translated to U.S. dollars at rates which approximate those in effect on the transaction dates. Monetary assets and all liabilities denominated in foreign currencies on March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are translated at the exchange rate in effect as of those dates. Non-monetary assets and stockholders’ equity are translated at the appropriate historical rates. Included in direct operating costs were foreign exchange losses resulting from such transactions of approximately $0.1 million for each of the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The functional currency for the Company’s subsidiary in Germany is the Euro. The functional currencies for the Company’s Agility subsidiaries in the United Kingdom and Canada are the Pound Sterling and the Canadian dollar, respectively. The financial statements of these subsidiaries are prepared in their respective currencies. Financial information is translated from the applicable functional currency to the U.S. dollar (the reporting currency) for inclusion in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Income, expenses, and cash flows are translated at weighted-average exchange rates prevailing during the fiscal period, and assets and liabilities are translated at fiscal period-end exchange rates. Resulting translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss in stockholders’ equity. Foreign exchange transaction gains or losses are included in direct operating costs in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Derivative Instruments - The Company accounts for derivative transactions in accordance with the FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 825, “Financial Instruments”. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the entire change in fair value of the hedging instrument is recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). When the amounts recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified to earnings, they are included as part of direct operating costs. For derivative instruments that are not designated as hedges, any change in fair value is recorded directly in earnings as part of direct operating costs. Capitalized Developed Software - The Company incurs development costs related to software it develops for its internal use. Qualifying costs incurred during the application development stage are capitalized. These costs primarily consist of internal labor and third-party development costs and are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the capitalized developed software, which generally ranges from three to ten years. All other research and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalized developed software in progress were $4.3 million and $3.6 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The cumulative completed capitalized developed software was $19.4 million and $19.8 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Income Taxes - Estimated deferred taxes are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities, using enacted tax rates, as well as any net operating loss or tax credit carryforwards expected to reduce taxes payable in future years. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the estimated deferred tax assets will not be realized. While the Company considers future taxable income in assessing the need for the valuation allowance, in the event that the Company anticipates that it will be able to realize the estimated deferred tax assets in the future in excess of its net recorded amount, an adjustment to the provision for deferred tax assets would increase income in the period such determination was made. Similarly, in the event that the Company anticipates that it will not be able to realize the estimated deferred tax assets in the future considering future taxable income, an adjustment to the provision for deferred tax assets would decrease income in the period such determination was made. Changes in the valuation allowance from period to period are included in the Company’s tax provision in the period of change. The Company indefinitely reinvests the foreign earnings in its foreign subsidiaries. If such earnings are repatriated in the future, or are no longer deemed to be indefinitely reinvested, the Company would have to accrue as a liability the applicable amount of foreign jurisdiction withholding taxes associated with such remittances. In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considered whether it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets of subsidiaries in Canada and Germany will be realizable or not. The Company assessed one of its Canadian subsidiaries for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the assessment yielded positive evidence enabling the release of the valuation allowance for the Canadian deferred tax assets of the subsidiary under “ASC Topic 740-30-22 – Accounting for Income Taxes”. As the expectation of future taxable income of the second Canadian subsidiary and German subsidiary cannot be predicted with reasonable accuracy, the Company continues to maintain a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets of these subsidiaries. The Company accounts for income taxes regarding uncertain tax positions and recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. Deferred Revenue - Deferred revenue represents payments received from customers in advance of providing services and amounts deferred if conditions for revenue recognition have not been met. We expect to recognize substantially all of these performance obligations over the next 12 months. The table below summarizes the deferred revenue balances as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, |  | December 31,
​ | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2024
Deferred revenues | ​ | $ | 8,028 | ​ | $ | 8,010
​ The table below provides information about contract liabilities (deferred revenue) and the significant changes in the balances for the three months ended as of March 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Three Months Ended
​ | ​ | March 31,
​ | ​ | 2025 |  | 2024
Balance at the beginning of period | ​ | $ | 8,010 | ​ | $ | 3,523
Net deferred revenue in the period | ​ |  | 6,465 | ​ | ​ | 9,932
Revenue recognized | ​ |  | (6,607) | ​ | ​ | (6,707)
Currency translations and other adjustments | ​ |  | 160 | ​ | ​ | (80)
Balance at the end of period | ​ | $ | 8,028 | ​ | $ | 6,668
​ Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted - On December 14, 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”. The ASU’s effective date is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2025. The adoption of ASU 2023-09 will enhance quantitative and qualitative disclosures related to rate reconciliation of significant components and income tax paid. We do not anticipate any material impact from the adoption of this new standard. ​ In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), fourth amendment via ASU 2025-01: Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses”. ASU No. 2024-03 does not change or remove existing expense disclosure requirements but requires disaggregated disclosures about certain expense categories and captions, including but not limited to, purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization and selling expenses. ASU No. 2024-03 will become effective for us in fiscal 2027 and in the first quarter of fiscal 2028 for interim reporting. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the ASU on our disclosures within the consolidated financial statements. ​

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