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INCOME TAXES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of the Provision for Income Taxes

The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:

			Year Ended September 30,
(in thousands)			2024						2023						2022
Current:
Federal			$	136,110					$	150,273					$	40,245
Foreign			7,756						12,883						10,703
State			16,180						16,523						1,906
			160,046						179,679						52,854
Deferred:
Federal			(18,785)						(20,337)						(32,382)
Foreign			(2,102)						(1,254)						(1,310)
State			(2,304)						1,191						5,204
			(23,191)						(20,400)						(28,488)
Total provision			$	136,855					$	159,279					$	24,366

Schedule of Domestic and Foreign Income (Loss) before Income Taxes

The amounts of domestic and foreign income (loss) before income taxes are as follows:

			Year Ended September 30,
(in thousands)			2024						2023						2022
Domestic			$	433,553					$	584,891					$	(14,411)
Foreign			47,467						8,488						45,730
			$	481,020					$	593,379					$	31,319

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rates as Compared to the U.S. Federal Income Tax Rate

The reconciliation of our effective income tax rates to the U.S. Federal income tax rate is as follows:

			Year Ended September 30,
			2024						2023						2022
U.S. Federal income tax rate			21.0		%				21.0		%				21.0		%
Effect of foreign taxes			1.3						2.1						31.3
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit			2.2						2.4						21.4
Other impact of foreign operations			1.7						0.2						3.2
Non-deductible meals and entertainment			0.9						0.6						1.0
Equity compensation			(0.1)						(0.1)						9.5
Excess officer's compensation			0.8						0.4						3.7
Foreign derived intangible income			—						—						(13.7)
Other			0.7						0.2						0.4
Effective income tax rate			28.5		%				26.8		%				77.8		%

Schedule of Components of Net Deferred Tax Liabilities

The components of our net deferred tax liabilities are as follows:

			September 30,
(in thousands)			2024						2023
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment			$	534,161					$	532,827
Marketable securities			18,877						14,626
Other			29,044						27,980
Total deferred tax liabilities			582,082						575,433
Deferred tax assets:
Pension reserves			1,477						3,083
Self-insurance reserves			4,619						6,235
Net operating loss, foreign tax credit, and other federal tax credit carryforwards			11,296						6,770
Accrued liabilities			47,838						29,449
Other			33,126						21,647
Total deferred tax assets			98,356						67,184
Valuation allowance			(11,755)						(9,560)
Net deferred tax assets			86,601						57,624
Net deferred tax liabilities			$	495,481					$	517,809

Schedule of Reconciliation of the Change in Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the change in our gross unrecognized tax benefits are as follows:

(in thousands)			2024						2023						2022
Unrecognized tax benefits at October 1,			$	247					$	960					$	1,678
Gross decreases - current period effect of tax positions			(14)						(534)						(718)
Gross increases - current period effect of tax positions			—						6						—
Expiration of statute of limitations for assessments			(77)						(185)						—
Unrecognized tax benefits at September 30,			$	156					$	247					$	960

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Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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Tabular disclosure of income before income tax between domestic and foreign jurisdictions.

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