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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements of TruBridge include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The Company has no items of other comprehensive income (loss) in any period presented. Therefore, as presented in the Company's statements of operations, net income (loss) equals comprehensive income (loss). Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents can include time deposits and certificates of deposit with original maturities of three months or less that are highly liquid and readily convertible to a known amount of cash. These assets are stated at cost, which approximates market value, due to their short duration or liquid nature. Change in Useful Lives of Intangible Assets In accordance with its policy, the Company reviews the estimated useful lives of its intangible assets on an ongoing basis. This review indicated that the actual lives of certain developed technology were shorter than the estimated useful lives used for amortization purposes in the Company's financial statements. As a result, effective January 1, 2021, the Company changed its estimates of the useful lives of certain developed technology to better reflect the estimated periods during which these assets will remain in service. The remaining useful life of certain developed technology that was 3.25 years at January 1, 2021 was reduced to 2 years, while the remaining useful life of certain developed technology that was 4.25 years was reduced to 3 years. The effect of this change was to increase 2021 amortization expense by approximately $1.0 million and decrease 2021 net income and basic and diluted earnings per share by $0.8 million and $0.06, respectively. Presentation Commencing with the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company realigned its reporting structure due to certain organizational changes. As a result, the Company changed its three reportable segments from (i) TruBridge, (ii) Acute Care EHR, and (iii) Post-acute care EHR to (i) RCM, (ii) EHR, and (iii) Patient Engagement. All prior segment information has been recast to reflect the Company's new segment structure and current period presentation. Refer to Note 18 - Segment Reporting for more information. Additional changes to the presentation of amounts within our condensed consolidated statements of income are as follows: •During the first quarter of 2023, we identified certain costs related to the implementation of our cloud strategy and our security operations center that were recorded within the caption "Costs of revenue (exclusive of amortization and depreciation) - EHR" on our condensed consolidated statements of operations, that we determined do not solely contribute to the production of EHR products and services, but support the overall business. Consequently, effective January 1, 2023, certain costs related to the implementation of our cloud strategy, which were formerly included within the caption "Costs of revenue (exclusive of amortization and depreciation) - EHR," have been recorded as components of "Product development" expenses. In addition, certain costs related to the Company's security operations center, which were formerly included within the caption "Costs of revenue (exclusive of amortization and depreciation) - EHR," have been recorded as components of "General and administrative" expenses. Additionally, immaterial travel costs were reclassified from within the caption "Costs of revenue (exclusive of amortization and depreciation) - RCM" to "Product development" expenses. Amounts presented for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. •In addition, during the first quarter of 2023, we refined our operating expense allocation methodology to more accurately distribute the appropriate share of costs among operating segments. Amounts presented for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 have been reclassified and are reflective of the current operating expense methodology in order to conform to the current presentation. •During the third quarter of 2023, we changed the presentation of certain costs previously recorded within the expense captions of "Product development" and "General and administrative" to better comply with the disclosure requirements of Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 11.B., Miscellaneous Disclosure: Depreciation and Depletion Excluded from Cost of Sales. These changes are summarized as follows: ◦Amortization expense associated with capitalized software development costs, previously recorded within the expense caption of "Product development," has been combined with amounts previously recorded within the expense caption "Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles" and reflected in a newly-presented expense caption of "Amortization." ◦Depreciation expense previously recorded within the expense caption of "General and administrative" has been reclassified within the newly-presented expense caption of "Depreciation." ◦The expense caption previously labelled as "Costs of sales" has been renamed "Costs of revenue (exclusive of amortization and depreciation)," with the previously reported reference to "Gross profit" removed from the current presentation. The following table provides the amounts reclassified and the impact of applying the current operating expense allocation methodology for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
| December 31, 2022
(in thousands) | As previously reported |  | Re-classifications |  | As reclassified |  | Impact of operating expense allocations |  | As currently reported
Costs of revenue (exclusive of amortization and depreciation) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
RCM | $ | 97,010 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 97,024 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 97,024 |
EHR | 71,347 |  |  | (3,054) |  |  | 68,293 |  |  | (2,632) |  |  | 65,661 |
Other expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product development | 30,926 |  |  | (1,660) |  |  | 29,266 |  |  | 2,632 |  |  | 31,898 |
General and administrative | 56,192 |  |  | (1,227) |  |  | 54,965 |  |  | — |  |  | 54,965 |
Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles | 17,403 |  |  | (17,403) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization | — |  |  | 20,887 |  |  | 20,887 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,887 |
Depreciation | — |  |  | 2,443 |  |  | 2,443 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,443 |
| December 31, 2021
(in thousands) | As previously reported |  | Re-classifications |  | As reclassified |  | Impact of operating expense allocations |  | As currently reported
Costs of revenue (exclusive of amortization and depreciation) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
RCM | $ | 66,015 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 66,015 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 66,015 |
EHR | 70,664 |  |  | (1,049) |  |  | 69,615 |  |  | (2,917) |  |  | 66,698 |
Other expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product development | 30,389 |  |  | (497) |  |  | 29,892 |  |  | 2,917 |  |  | 32,809 |
General and administrative | 50,022 |  |  | (1,541) |  |  | 48,481 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,481 |
Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles | 13,786 |  |  | (13,786) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization | — |  |  | 14,717 |  |  | 14,717 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,717 |
Depreciation | — |  |  | 2,156 |  |  | 2,156 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,156 |
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses Trade accounts receivable are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect and do not bear interest. The Company establishes a general allowance for credit losses based on collections history. In the case of a bankruptcy filing or other similar event indicating the collectability of specific customer accounts is no longer probable, a specific allowance for credit losses may be recorded to reduce the related receivable to the amount expected to be recovered. Financing Receivables Financing receivables are comprised of short-term payment plans and sales-type leases. Short-term payment plans are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect and do not bear interest. Sales-type leases are initially recorded at the present value of the related minimum lease payments. An allowance for credit losses has been established for our financing receivables based on the historical level of customer defaults under such arrangements. In the case of a bankruptcy filing or other similar event indicating the collectability of specific customer accounts is no longer probable, a specific reserve may be recorded to reduce the related receivable to the amount expected to be recovered. Customer payments are considered past due if a scheduled payment is not received within contractually agreed upon terms, with amounts reclassified to accounts receivable when they become due. As a result, we evaluate the credit quality of our financing receivables on an ongoing basis utilizing an aging of receivables and write-offs, customer collection experience, the customer’s financial condition and known risk characteristics impacting the respective customer base, as well as existing economic conditions, to determine if any further allowance is necessary. Amounts are specifically charged off once all available means of collection have been exhausted. Inventories Inventories are stated at lower of cost or net realizable value using the average cost method. The Company’s inventories are comprised of computer equipment, forms and supplies. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Additions and improvements to property and equipment that materially increase productive capacity or extend the life of an asset are capitalized. Maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are expensed as incurred. Upon retirement or other disposition of such assets, the related costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations. Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method over the asset’s useful life, which is generally 5 years for computer equipment, furniture, and fixtures and 30 years for buildings. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life or the remaining lease term. The Company reviews for the possible impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Depreciation expense is reported in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of costs of sales and operating expenses. Business Combinations We apply business combination accounting when we acquire a business. Business combinations are accounted for at fair value. The associated acquisition costs are expensed as incurred and recorded in general and administrative expenses; restructuring costs associated with a business combination are expensed as incurred; contingent consideration is measured at fair value at the acquisition date, with changes in fair value after the acquisition date affecting earnings; changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and income tax uncertainties after the measurement period affect income tax expense; and goodwill is determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration conveyed in the acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. The accounting for business combinations requires estimates and judgments as to expectations for future cash flows of the acquired business, and the allocation of those cash flows to identifiable intangible assets, in determining the estimated fair value for assets and liabilities acquired. The fair values assigned to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, are based on management's estimates and assumptions, including valuations that utilize customary valuation procedures and techniques. If the actual results differ from the estimates and judgments used in these estimates, the amounts recorded in the financial statements could result in a possible impairment of the intangible assets and goodwill, or require acceleration of the amortization expense of finite-lived intangible assets. The results of the acquired businesses' operations are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations of the combined entity beginning on the date of the acquisition. We have applied this acquisition method to the transactions described in Note 3 - Business Combinations. Goodwill Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of the identifiable net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for impairment annually or more frequently if indicators of impairment are present or changes in circumstances suggest that impairment may exist. We test annually for impairment as of October 1. As part of our annual goodwill impairment test, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we conduct a quantitative goodwill impairment assessment, which compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, the goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered to be impaired. Our reporting units assessed for impairment of goodwill include: RCM (formerly the “TruBridge” reporting unit), Acute Care EHR, Post-acute care EHR (comprised solely of AHT, which was disposed in January 2024), and Patient Engagement (formerly a component of our former “TruBridge” reporting unit). We did not identify any events or circumstances that would require interim goodwill impairment testing prior to October 1, 2023. Based on our assessment as of October 1, 2023, we determined that there was no impairment of goodwill for our RCM reporting unit. However, quantitative evaluations of the fair values of each of our remaining three reporting units, using a combination of the income and market valuation approaches, resulted in impairment conclusions as follows: •Our Acute Care EHR reporting unit was assessed goodwill impairment charges of $6.4 million due to deteriorating market conditions, the related impact to the cost of capital, and lowered expectations regarding long-term margin potential. •Our Post-acute care EHR reporting unit was assessed goodwill impairment charges of $2.2 million due to deteriorating market conditions, the related impact to the cost of capital, and revised expectations regarding the long-term persistence of elevated customer attrition levels. •Our Patient Engagement reporting unit was assessed goodwill impairment charges of $7.6 million due to deteriorating market conditions, the related impact to the cost of capital, and revised expectations regarding long-term growth prospects as sales pipelines have been stubborn to develop to the robust levels previously anticipated. During the fourth quarter of 2023, the decision to accept an offer for the sale of AHT that was well below the related reporting unit’s carrying value was considered a triggering event requiring reassessment of the reporting unit’s goodwill, resulting in an additional goodwill impairment charge of $19.7 million. Lastly, management considered the continued decrease in the Company’s market capitalization since our most recent quantitative analysis dated October 1, 2023 to be a triggering event warranting a further quantitative goodwill impairment analysis as of December 31, 2023. As a result of this updated quantitative goodwill impairment analysis as of December 31, 2023, management concluded that there was no further impairment to goodwill. We determined there was no impairment to goodwill as of December 31, 2022 or 2021. Purchased Intangible Assets Purchased intangible assets are acquired in connection with a business acquisition, and are amortized over their estimated useful lives based on the pattern of economic benefit expected from each asset. We concluded for certain purchased intangible assets that the pattern of economic benefit approximated the straight-line method, and therefore, the use of the straight-line method was appropriate, as the majority of the cash flows will be recognized ratably over the estimated useful lives and there is no degradation of the cash flows over time. We assess the recoverability of intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. The carrying amount is not recoverable if it exceeds the undiscounted sum of cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. If the asset is not recoverable, the impairment loss is measured by the excess of the asset's carrying amount over its fair value. During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company committed to the Company-wide rebranding and legal entity consolidation initiative that culminated in the change of the Company’s corporate name to “TruBridge, Inc.” on March 4, 2024. As a result of this initiative, it was expected that certain of the Company’s brand names and related trademarks would cease to be used, resulting in total trademark impairment recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023 of $2.3 million. Of the total trademark impairment charge, $1.0 million is derived from our RCM segment, $1.2 million is derived from our EHR segment, and $0.1 million is derived from our Patient Engagement segment. We determined there was no impairment to purchased intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 or 2021. Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to clients in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products and services. We enter into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which are generally distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. The Company employs the 5-step revenue recognition model under Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, to: (1) identify the contract with the client, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Revenue is recognized net of shipping charges and any taxes collected from clients, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. •Revenue Cycle Management Our RCM business unit provides an array of business processing services ("BPS") consisting of accounts receivable management, private pay services, insurance services, medical coding, electronic billing, statement processing, payroll processing, and contract management. Fees are recognized over the period of the client contractual relationship as the services are performed based on the stand-alone selling price ("SSP"), net of discounts. SSP for BPS services is determined based on observable stand-alone selling prices. Fees for many of these services are invoiced, and revenue recognized accordingly, based on the volume of transactions or a percentage of client accounts receivable collections. Payment is due monthly for BPS with certain amounts varying based on utilization and/or volumes. Our RCM business unit also provides professional IT services. Revenue from professional IT services is recognized as the services are performed based on SSP, which is determined by observable stand-alone selling prices. Payment is due monthly as services are performed. Lastly, our RCM business unit also provides certain software solutions and related support under Software as a Service ("SaaS") arrangements and time-based software licenses. Revenue from SaaS arrangements is recognized in a manner consistent with SaaS arrangements for EHR software, as discussed below. Revenue from time-based software licenses is recognized upon delivery to the client (“point in time”) and revenue from non-license components (i.e., support) is recognized ratably over the respective contract term (“over time”). SSP for time-based licenses is determined using the residual approach, while the non-license component is based on cost plus reasonable margin. •Electronic Health Records The Company enters into contractual obligations to sell perpetual software licenses, installation, conversion, and related training services, software application support, hardware, and hardware maintenance services to acute care community hospitals and post-acute providers. •Non-recurring Revenues •Perpetual software licenses and installation, conversion, and related training services are not considered separate and distinct performance obligations due to the proprietary nature of our software and are, therefore, accounted for as a single performance obligation on a module-by-module basis. Revenue is recognized as each module's implementation is completed based on the module's SSP, net of discounts. We determine each module's SSP using the residual method. Fees for licenses and installation, conversion, and related training services are typically due in three installments: (1) at placement of order, (2) upon installation of software and commencement of training, and (3) upon satisfactory completion of monthly accounting cycle or end-of-month operation by application and as applicable for each application. Often, short-term and/or long-term financing arrangements are provided for software implementations; refer to Note 11 - Financing Receivables for further information. EHR implementations include a system warranty that terminates thirty days from the software go-live date, the date which the client begins using the system in a live environment. •Hardware revenue is recognized separately from software licenses at the point in time it is delivered to the client. The SSP of hardware is cost plus a reasonable margin and revenue is recognized on a gross basis. Payment is generally due upon delivery of the hardware to the client. Standard manufacturer warranties apply to hardware. •Recurring Revenues •Software application support and hardware maintenance services sold with software licenses and hardware are separate and distinct performance obligations. Revenue for support and maintenance services is recognized based on SSP, which is the renewal price, ratably over the life of the contract, which is generally three to five years. Payment is due monthly for support and maintenance services provided. •Subscriptions to third-party content revenue is recognized as a separate performance obligation ratably over the subscription term based on SSP, which is cost plus a reasonable margin, and revenue is recognized on a gross basis. Payment is due monthly for subscriptions to third party content. •SaaS arrangements for EHR software and related conversion and training services are considered a single performance obligation. Revenue is recognized on a monthly basis as the SaaS service is provided to the client over the contract term. Payment is due monthly for SaaS services provided. Refer to Note 18 of the consolidated financial statements for further information, including revenue by client base (acute care or post-acute care) bifurcated by recurring and non-recurring revenue. •Patient Engagement The Company enters into contractual obligations to sell perpetual and term-based software licenses, implementation and customization professional services, and software application support services to a variety of healthcare organizations including hospital systems, health ministries, and government and non-profit organizations. •Non-recurring Revenues •Perpetual software licenses are sold only to one re-seller client and are considered a separate and distinct performance obligation. Revenue is recognized at the point in time perpetual licenses are delivered to the client, which occurs at the time of sale. The SSP of perpetual licenses is directly observable. Payment is generally due upon delivery of licenses. •Implementation and customization services are considered a separate and distinct performance obligation. Revenue is recognized over time based on SSP, which is generally directly observable. Payment for professional services is typically due in two installments: (1) upon signature of the agreement and (2) upon customer acceptance of the delivered services. •Recurring Revenues •Term-based software licenses are considered a separate and distinct performance obligation. Revenue is recognized based on SSP, which is directly observable, at the point in time the term-based licenses are delivered to the client or upon annual renewal. Payment is generally due upon delivery of licenses or upon annual renewal. •Software application support services sold with software licenses are separate and distinct performance obligations. The related revenues are recognized based on SSP, which is the renewal price, ratably over the life of the contract, which is generally three to five years. Payment is generally due for the full amount of annual support fees at the beginning of an annual license term. Refer to Note 18 of the consolidated financial statements for further information. •Deferred Revenue Deferred revenue represents amounts invoiced to clients for which the services under contract have not been completed and revenue has not been recognized, including annual renewals of certain software subscriptions and customer deposits for implementations to be performed at a later date. Revenue is recognized ratably over the life of the software subscriptions as services are provided and at the point-in-time when implementations have been completed. The following table details deferred revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, included in the consolidated balance sheets:
| For years ended December 31,
(In thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022
Beginning balance | $ | 11,590 |  |  | $ | 11,529 |
Deferred revenue recorded | 17,192 |  |  | 25,579 |
Less deferred revenue recognized as revenue | (20,105) |  |  | (25,518) |
Ending balance | $ | 8,677 |  |  | $ | 11,590 |
The deferred revenue recorded for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is comprised primarily of the annual renewals of certain software subscriptions billed during the first quarter of each year and deposits collected for future EHR installations. The deferred revenue recognized as revenue during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is comprised primarily of the periodic recognition of annual renewals that were deferred until earned and deposits for future EHR installations that were deferred until earned. •Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract with a Customer Costs to obtain a contract include the commission costs related to SaaS and RCM arrangements, which are capitalized and amortized ratably over the expected life of the customer. As a practical expedient, we generally recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset would have been one year or less. Costs to obtain a contract are expensed within sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Contract fulfillment costs related to the implementation of SaaS arrangements are capitalized and amortized ratably over the expected life of the customer. Costs to fulfill contracts consist of the payroll costs for the implementation of SaaS arrangements, including time for training, conversion, and installation that is necessary for the software to be utilized. Contract fulfillment costs are expensed within the caption "Electronic health record - Cost of sales" in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Costs to obtain and fulfill contracts related to SaaS and RCM arrangements are included within the "Prepaid expenses and other" and "Other assets, net of current portion" line items on our consolidated balance sheets. The following table details costs to obtain and fulfill contracts with customers for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, included in the consolidated balance sheets:
| For years ended December 31, |  |
(In thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 11,577 |  |  | $ | 7,312 |  |  |
Costs to obtain and fulfill contracts capitalized | 7,390 |  |  | 11,361 |  |  |
Less costs to obtain and fulfill contracts recognized as expense | (5,852) |  |  | (7,096) |  |  |
Ending balance | $ | 13,115 |  |  | $ | 11,577 |  |  |
•Significant Judgments Our contracts with clients often include promises to transfer multiple products and services. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. Judgment is required to determine SSP for each distinct performance obligation. We use observable SSP for items that are sold on a stand-alone basis to similarly situated clients at unit prices within a sufficiently narrow range. For performance obligations that are sold to different clients for a broad range of amounts, or for performance obligations that are never sold on a stand-alone basis, the residual method in determining SSP is applied and requires significant judgment. Allocating the transaction price, including estimating SSP of promised goods and services for contracts with discounts or variable consideration, may require significant judgment. Due to the short time frame of the implementation cycle, discount allocation is immaterial as revenue is recognized net of discounts within the same reporting period. In scenarios where the Company enters into a contract that includes both a software license and BPS or other services that are charged based on volume of services rendered, the Company allocates variable amounts entirely to a distinct good or service. The terms of the variable payment relate specifically to the entity’s efforts to satisfy that performance obligation. Significant judgment is required in determining the expected life of a customer relationship, which is the amortization period for costs to obtain and fulfill a contract that have been capitalized. The Company determined that the expected life of the customer relationship is not materially different from the initial contract term based on the characteristics of the SaaS offering. •Remaining Performance Obligations Disclosures regarding remaining performance obligations are not considered material as the overwhelming majority of the Company's remaining performance obligations either (a) are related to contracts with an expected duration of one year or less, or (b) exhibit revenue recognition in the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice. Although we believe that our approach to estimates and judgments regarding revenue recognition is reasonable, actual results could differ, and we may be exposed to increases or decreases in revenue that could be material. Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation according to the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, which establishes accounting for stock-based awards exchanged for employee services. Accordingly, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s or non-employee director’s requisite service period. Software Development Costs Our software solutions are offered to our clients through SaaS delivery models, traditional perpetual licenses, and term licenses. Development costs associated with the solutions offered exclusively through a SaaS model are accounted for in accordance with ASC 350-40, Internal Use Software. All other client solution development costs are accounted for in accordance with ASC 985-20, Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased, or Marketed. Under ASC 350-40, software development costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation and maintenance activities are expensed as incurred. We capitalize direct costs related to application development activities that are probable to result in additional functionality. Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over five years. We test for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances that could impact recoverability occur. Under ASC 985-20, software development costs incurred in creating computer software solutions are expensed until technological feasibility has been established upon completion of a detailed program design or, in the absence of a detailed program design, upon completion of a product design and working model of the software product. Thereafter, all software development costs incurred through the software’s general release date are capitalized and subsequently recorded at the lower of amortized cost or net realizable value. Capitalized costs are amortized based on the current and expected future revenue for each software solution with minimum annual amortization equal to the straight-line amortization over the estimated economic life of the solution, which is estimated to be five years. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for further information relating to our software development costs. Income Taxes We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. Under this topic, deferred income taxes are determined utilizing the asset and liability approach. This method gives consideration to the future tax consequences associated with differences between financial accounting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The effect on the deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. We recognize interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of the provision for income taxes. We also make a provision for uncertain income tax positions in accordance with the ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. These provisions require that a tax position taken in a tax return be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than fifty percent) that the position would be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. A recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon settlement. The topic also requires that changes in judgment that result in subsequent recognition, derecognition, or change in a measurement date of a tax position taken in a prior annual period (including any related interest and penalties) be recognized as a discrete item in the interim period in which the change occurs. Valuation allowances are recorded when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. These valuation allowances can be impacted by changes in tax laws, changes to statutory tax rates, and future taxable income, and are based on our judgment, estimates, and assumptions. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires that management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Segment Reporting Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is evaluated by the chief operating decision maker, which we refer to as the "CODM", or decision-making group in assessing performance and making decisions regarding resource allocation. The Company has prepared operating segment information based on the manner in which management disaggregates the Company's operations for making internal operating decisions. For more information, see Note 18 - Segment Reporting. New Accounting Standards Adopted in 2023 There were no new accounting standards required to be adopted in 2023 that would have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. New Accounting Standards Yet to be Adopted We do not believe that any recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if adopted, would have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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