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Segment information - Summary of Net Sales by Segment and Geographical Area (Details)
€ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
EUR (€)
segment
Dec. 31, 2022
EUR (€)
segment
Dec. 31, 2021
EUR (€)
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales € 43,070 € 42,997 € 37,761
Number of operating segments | segment 2 3  
Biopharma      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales € 37,890 € 37,812 33,293
Biopharma | Specialty Care      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 18,040 16,457 12,752
Biopharma | DUPIXENT      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 10,715 8,293 5,249
Biopharma | AUBAGIO      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 955 2,031 1,955
Biopharma | CEREZYME      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 687 707 683
Biopharma | FABRAZYME      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 991 938 844
Biopharma | MYOZYME/ LUMIZYME      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 783 958 1,003
Biopharma | JEVTANA      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 320 391 455
Biopharma | ALPROLIX      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 540 504 414
Biopharma | ELOCTATE      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 471 580 563
Biopharma | General Medicines      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 12,376 14,127 14,218
Biopharma | Core Assets      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 6,270 6,389 5,768
Biopharma | LOVENOX      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 1,125 1,310 1,486
Biopharma | TOUJEO      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 1,123 1,117 969
Biopharma | PLAVIX      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 948 983 929
Biopharma | Non-Core Assets      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 5,524 7,118 7,642
Biopharma | LANTUS      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 1,420 2,259 2,494
Biopharma | Other non-core assets      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 3,687 4,381 4,729
Biopharma | Industrial sales      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 582 620 808
Biopharma | Vaccines      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 7,474 7,228 6,323
Biopharma | Polio/Pertussis/ Hib Vaccines      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 2,165 2,285 2,159
Biopharma | Influenza Vaccines      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 2,669 2,977 2,628
Consumer Healthcare      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 5,180 5,185 4,468
Consumer Healthcare | Allergy      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 769 770 612
Consumer Healthcare | Pain Care      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 1,106 1,140 1,093
Consumer Healthcare | Digestive Wellness      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 1,502 1,449 1,131
Europe      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 10,392 9,999 9,759
Europe | Biopharma      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 8,835 8,498 8,426
Europe | Biopharma | Specialty Care      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 3,206 3,016 2,764
Europe | Biopharma | DUPIXENT      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 1,224 940 649
Europe | Biopharma | AUBAGIO      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 437 511 512
Europe | Biopharma | CEREZYME      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 229 239 244
Europe | Biopharma | FABRAZYME      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 241 228 223
Europe | Biopharma | MYOZYME/ LUMIZYME      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 341 408 410
Europe | Biopharma | JEVTANA      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 12 33 112
Europe | Biopharma | ALPROLIX      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 0 0 0
Europe | Biopharma | ELOCTATE      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 0 0 0
Europe | Biopharma | General Medicines      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 3,932 4,141 4,437
Europe | Biopharma | Core Assets      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 1,988 1,917 1,868
Europe | Biopharma | LOVENOX      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 622 658 703
Europe | Biopharma | TOUJEO      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 441 421 394
Europe | Biopharma | PLAVIX      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 96 101 115
Europe | Biopharma | Non-Core Assets      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 1,396 1,637 1,846
Europe | Biopharma | LANTUS      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 357 426 474
Europe | Biopharma | Other non-core assets      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 961 1,129 1,285
Europe | Biopharma | Industrial sales      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 548 587 723
Europe | Biopharma | Vaccines      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 1,697 1,341 1,225
Europe | Biopharma | Polio/Pertussis/ Hib Vaccines      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 297 325 306
Europe | Biopharma | Influenza Vaccines      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 694 681 729
Europe | Consumer Healthcare      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 1,557 1,501 1,333
Europe | Consumer Healthcare | Allergy      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 70 55 49
Europe | Consumer Healthcare | Pain Care      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 502 555 515
Europe | Consumer Healthcare | Digestive Wellness      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 520 432 389
United States      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 18,512 18,275 14,385
United States | Biopharma      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 17,265 16,985 13,246
United States | Biopharma | Specialty Care      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 11,917 10,848 7,847
United States | Biopharma | DUPIXENT      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 8,145 6,346 3,971
United States | Biopharma | AUBAGIO      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 460 1,420 1,312
United States | Biopharma | CEREZYME      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 189 194 173
United States | Biopharma | FABRAZYME      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 503 471 395
United States | Biopharma | MYOZYME/ LUMIZYME      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 254 318 373
United States | Biopharma | JEVTANA      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 230 275 253
United States | Biopharma | ALPROLIX      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 440 406 332
United States | Biopharma | ELOCTATE      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 341 450 429
United States | Biopharma | General Medicines      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 2,084 2,846 2,637
United States | Biopharma | Core Assets      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 1,485 1,653 1,315
United States | Biopharma | LOVENOX      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 7 17 29
United States | Biopharma | TOUJEO      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 213 283 259
United States | Biopharma | PLAVIX      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 8 9 9
United States | Biopharma | Non-Core Assets      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 592 1,176 1,281
United States | Biopharma | LANTUS      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 281 757 861
United States | Biopharma | Other non-core assets      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 302 412 410
United States | Biopharma | Industrial sales      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 7 17 41
United States | Biopharma | Vaccines      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 3,264 3,291 2,762
United States | Biopharma | Polio/Pertussis/ Hib Vaccines      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 398 456 470
United States | Biopharma | Influenza Vaccines      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 1,406 1,737 1,366
United States | Consumer Healthcare      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 1,247 1,290 1,139
United States | Consumer Healthcare | Allergy      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 412 439 371
United States | Consumer Healthcare | Pain Care      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 180 212 196
United States | Consumer Healthcare | Digestive Wellness      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 138 144 124
Other countries      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 14,166 14,723 13,617
Other countries | Biopharma      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 11,790 12,329 11,621
Other countries | Biopharma | Specialty Care      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 2,917 2,593 2,141
Other countries | Biopharma | DUPIXENT      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 1,346 1,007 629
Other countries | Biopharma | AUBAGIO      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 58 100 131
Other countries | Biopharma | CEREZYME      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 269 274 266
Other countries | Biopharma | FABRAZYME      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 247 239 226
Other countries | Biopharma | MYOZYME/ LUMIZYME      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 188 232 220
Other countries | Biopharma | JEVTANA      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 78 83 90
Other countries | Biopharma | ALPROLIX      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 100 98 82
Other countries | Biopharma | ELOCTATE      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 130 130 134
Other countries | Biopharma | General Medicines      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 6,360 7,140 7,144
Other countries | Biopharma | Core Assets      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 2,797 2,819 2,585
Other countries | Biopharma | LOVENOX      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 496 635 754
Other countries | Biopharma | TOUJEO      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 469 413 316
Other countries | Biopharma | PLAVIX      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 844 873 805
Other countries | Biopharma | Non-Core Assets      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 3,536 4,305 4,515
Other countries | Biopharma | LANTUS      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 782 1,076 1,159
Other countries | Biopharma | Other non-core assets      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 2,424 2,840 3,034
Other countries | Biopharma | Industrial sales      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 27 16 44
Other countries | Biopharma | Vaccines      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 2,513 2,596 2,336
Other countries | Biopharma | Polio/Pertussis/ Hib Vaccines      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 1,470 1,504 1,383
Other countries | Biopharma | Influenza Vaccines      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 569 559 533
Other countries | Consumer Healthcare      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 2,376 2,394 1,996
Other countries | Consumer Healthcare | Allergy      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 287 276 192
Other countries | Consumer Healthcare | Pain Care      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales 424 424 382
Other countries | Consumer Healthcare | Digestive Wellness      
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]      
Net sales € 844 € 822 € 618