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Summary of significant accounting policies (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Corporate information and statement of IFRS compliance [abstract]  
Summary of Useful Lives of Property, Plant and Equipment
The customary useful lives of property, plant and equipment are as follows:
Buildings
15 to 40 years
Fixtures
10 to 20 years
Machinery and equipment
5 to 15 years
Other
3 to 15 years
Disclosure of Detailed Information about Financial Instruments
The table below shows the disclosures required under IFRS 7 relating to the measurement principles applied to financial instruments.
NoteType of financial instrumentMeasurement
principle		Level in
fair value
hierarchy		Valuation
technique		Method used to determine fair value
Valuation
model		Market data
Exchange rateInterest
rate
D.7.Financial assets measured at fair value (quoted equity instruments)Fair value1Market valueQuoted market priceN/A
D.7.Financial assets measured at fair value (quoted debt instruments)Fair value1Market valueQuoted market priceN/A
D.7.Financial assets measured at fair value (unquoted equity instruments)Fair value3
Cost/Approach based on comparables
If cost ceases to be a representative measure of fair value, an internal valuation is carried out, based mainly on comparables.
D.7.Financial assets measured at fair value (contingent consideration receivable)Fair value3Revenue-based approach
The fair value of contingent consideration receivable is determined by adjusting the contingent consideration at the end of the reporting period using the method described in Note D.7.3.
D.7.
Financial assets measured at fair value held to meet obligations under
post-employment benefit plans
Fair value1Market valueQuoted market priceN/A
D.7.Financial assets designated at fair value held to meet obligations under deferred compensation plansFair value1Market valueQuoted market priceN/A
D.7.Long-term loans and advances and other non-current receivablesAmortized costN/AN/AThe amortized cost of long-term loans and advances and other non-current receivables at the end of the reporting period is not materially different from their fair value.
D.13.Investments in mutual fundsFair value1Market valueNet asset valueN/A
D.13.Negotiable debt instruments, commercial paper, instant access deposits and term depositsAmortized costN/AN/A
Because these instruments have a maturity of less than three months, amortized cost is regarded as an acceptable approximation of fair value as disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
D.17.1., D.19.
Debt
Amortized cost(a)
N/AN/A
In the case of debt with a maturity of less than three months, amortized cost is regarded as an acceptable approximation of fair value as reported in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
For debt with a maturity of more than three months, fair value as reported in the notes to the consolidated financial statements is determined either by reference to quoted market prices at the end of the reporting period (quoted instruments) or by discounting the future cash flows based on observable market data at the end of the reporting period (unquoted instruments).
For financial liabilities based on variable payments such as royalties, fair value is determined on the basis of discounted cash flow projections.
D.17.2.Lease liabilities
Amortized cost
N/AN/A
The liability for future lease payments is discounted using the incremental borrowing rate.
D.20.Forward currency contractsFair value2 Present value of future cash flowsMid
Market
< 1  year:
Mid Money Market
> 1 year: 
Mid Zero Coupon
D.20.Interest rate swapsFair value2 Revenue-based approachPresent value of future cash flowsMid
Market
Spot
< 1 year:
Mid Money Market and LIFFE interest rate futures
> 1 year:
Mid Zero Coupon
D.20.Cross-currency swapsFair value2 Present value of future cash flowsMid
Market
Spot		< 1  year:
Mid Money Market and LIFFE interest rate futures
> 1 year:
Mid Zero Coupon
D.18.Liabilities related to business combinations and to non-controlling interests (CVRs)Fair value1 Market valueQuoted market price
D.18.Liabilities related to business combinations and to non-controlling interests (other than CVRs)
Fair value
3 Revenue-based approach
Under IAS 32, contingent consideration payable in a business combination is a financial liability. The fair value of such liabilities is determined by adjusting the contingent consideration at the end of the reporting period using the method described in Note B.8.4.
(a)    In the case of debt designated as a hedged item in a fair value hedging relationship, the carrying amount in the consolidated balance sheet includes changes in fair value attributable to the hedged risk(s).