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General Information (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2025
TextBlock 1 [Abstract] |
POSCO's Shareholders | As of December 31, 2025, POSCO HOLDINGS INC.’s shareholders are as follows:
Shareholder’s name |  | Number of shares |  |  | Ownership (%) |
National Pension Service |  |  | 6,441,610 |  |  |  | 7.96 |
BlackRock Fund Advisors(*1) |  |  | 4,206,522 |  |  |  | 5.20 |
CITIBANK.N.A |  |  | 2,289,755 |  |  |  | 2.83 |
Pohang University of Science and Technology |  |  | 1,981,047 |  |  |  | 2.45 |
Samsung Group |  |  | 1,861,979 |  |  |  | 2.30 |
Others |  |  | 64,152,039 |  |  |  | 79.26 |
|  |  | 80,932,952 |  |  |  | 100.00 |
(*1) | Includes shares held by subsidiaries and others.
Details of Consolidated Subsidiaries |
(b) | Consolidated subsidiaries
Details of consolidated subsidiaries as of December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:
|  |  |  | Ownership (%) |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2025 |  |  |  |
|  | Principal operations |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | Region |
[Domestic] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
POSCO |  | Steel, rolled products and plates |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
POSCO Eco & Challenge Co., Ltd. |  | Engineering and construction |  |  | 52.80 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 52.80 |  |  |  | 52.80 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 52.80 |  |  |  | Pohang |
POSCO STEELEON Co., Ltd. |  | Coated steel manufacturing |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56.96 |  |  |  | 56.96 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56.96 |  |  |  | 56.96 |  |  |  | Pohang |
POSCO DX Co., Ltd. |  | Computer hardware and software distribution |  |  | 65.47 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 65.47 |  |  |  | 65.47 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 65.47 |  |  |  | Pohang |
POSCO Research Institute |  | Economic research and consulting |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Seoul |
POSCO WIDE Co., Ltd. |  | Business facility maintenance |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Seoul |
POSCO A&C |  | Architecture and consulting |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Seoul |
POSCO Venture Capital Co., Ltd. |  | Investment in venture companies |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
eNtoB Corporation |  | Electronic commerce |  |  | — |  |  |  | 69.32 |  |  |  | 69.32 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 69.32 |  |  |  | 69.32 |  |  |  | Seoul |
POSCO FUTURE M CO.,LTD. |  | Refractories, Anode/Cathode materials manufacturing and sales |  |  | 59.74 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 59.74 |  |  |  | 58.18 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 58.18 |  |  |  | Pohang |
POSCO FLOW Co., Ltd. |  | Transporting and warehousing |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Gwangyang |
POSCO M-TECH(*3) |  | Packing materials manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48.85 |  |  |  | 48.85 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48.85 |  |  |  | 48.85 |  |  |  | Pohang |
PNR |  | Steel by product manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
POSCO WOMAN’S FUND(*3) |  | Investment in venture companies |  |  | — |  |  |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | Seoul |
POSCO Group University |  | Education service and real estate business |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Incheon |
Growth Ladder POSCO K-Growth Global Fund(*3) |  | Investment in venture companies |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
POSCO IH |  | Intellectual Property Services and consulting |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Seoul |
TANCHEON E&E |  | Refuse derived fuel and power generation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Seoul |
POSCO Humans |  | Business assistance service |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
Mapo Hibroad Parking Co., Ltd. |  | Construction |  |  | — |  |  |  | 71.00 |  |  |  | 71.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 71.00 |  |  |  | 71.00 |  |  |  | Seoul |
Busan E&E Co., Ltd. |  | Refuse derived fuel and power generation |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | Busan |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation |  | Trading, power generation, energy & resource development and others |  |  | 72.98 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 72.98 |  |  |  | 72.98 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 72.98 |  |  |  | Seoul |
|  |  |  | Ownership (%) |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2025 |  |  |  |
|  | Principal operations |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | Region |
[Domestic] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pohang Scrap Recycling Distribution Center Co., Ltd. |  | Steel processing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 51.00 |  |  |  | 51.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 51.00 |  |  |  | 51.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
Songdo Development PMC (Project Management Company) LLC. |  | Housing business agency |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Incheon |
Korea Fuel Cell |  | Fuel cell |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
POSCO GEM 1st Fund |  | Investment in venture companies |  |  | 98.81 |  |  |  | 1.19 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 98.82 |  |  |  | 1.18 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
POSCO MOBILITY SOLUTION |  | STC, TMC, Plate manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Cheonan |
Posco New Growth |  | Investment in venture companies |  |  | 99.89 |  |  |  | 0.11 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 99.89 |  |  |  | 0.11 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Seoul |
IMP Fund I |  | Investment in venture companies |  |  | 98.05 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 98.05 |  |  |  | 98.05 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 98.05 |  |  |  | Pohang |
POSCO-Pilbara LITHIUM SOLUTION Co., Ltd. |  | Lithium manufacturing and sales |  |  | 82.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 82.00 |  |  |  | 82.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 82.00 |  |  |  | Gwangyang |
POSCO-HY Clean Metal Co., Ltd. |  | Non-ferrous metal smelting |  |  | — |  |  |  | 75.00 |  |  |  | 75.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Gwangyang |
Consus Pf Private Real Estate Fund |  | REITs |  |  | — |  |  |  | 66.67 |  |  |  | 66.67 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
New Energy Hub |  | Electricity and gas supply |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Posco Busan Newdeal Fund(*3) |  | Investment in venture companies |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32.00 |  |  |  | 32.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32.00 |  |  |  | 32.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
Shinan Green Energy Co., LTD |  | Electricity production |  |  | — |  |  |  | 54.53 |  |  |  | 54.53 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 54.53 |  |  |  | 54.53 |  |  |  | Shinahn |
eSteel4U |  | Wholesales and retail |  |  | — |  |  |  | 61.12 |  |  |  | 61.12 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 61.12 |  |  |  | 61.12 |  |  |  | Seoul |
POSCO Social Investment Fund |  | Investment in venture companies |  |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
POSCO Silicon Solution Co., Ltd |  | Other engineering R&D industries |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Sejong |
Consus Pf Private Real Estate Fund No.2 |  | Real estate development |  |  | — |  |  |  | 66.67 |  |  |  | 66.67 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
POSCO GS Eco Materials Co., Ltd |  | Rechargeable battery |  |  | 51.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 51.00 |  |  |  | 70.25 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70.25 |  |  |  | Seoul |
POSCO Lithium Solution Co., Ltd. |  | Lithium manufacturing and sales |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Gwangyang |
QSONE Co.,Ltd. |  | Real estate rental |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Seoul |
POSCO PS Tech |  | Maintenance service |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
POSCO PR Tech |  | Maintenance service |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
POSCO PH Solution |  | Maintenance service |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
POSCO GYS Tech |  | Maintenance service |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Gwangyang |
POSCO GYR Tech |  | Maintenance service |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Gwangyang |
POSCO GY Solution |  | Maintenance service |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Gwangyang |
PCC Facilities Component Fund |  | Investment Association |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
POSCO HOLDINGS CVC 2nd Fund |  | Investment in new technologies business |  |  | 98.76 |  |  |  | 1.24 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 98.77 |  |  |  | 1.23 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
International Energy Expansion for Technology Innovation Fund |  | Investment in new technologies business |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
|  |  |  | Ownership (%) |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2025 |  |  |  |
|  | Principal operations |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | Region |
[Domestic] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
POSCO CNGR Nickel Solution |  | High-Purity nickel manufacturing and sales |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
POSCO CVC Scale-Up Fund |  | Investment in venture companies |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
SK SOLRA POWER GENERATION COPORATION |  | Power generation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
POSCO ZT AIR SOLUTION |  | High-Purity rare gas manufacturing and sales |  |  | 75.10 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 75.10 |  |  |  | 75.10 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 75.10 |  |  |  | Gwangyang |
RNR logistics |  | Logistics and warehousing |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Seoul |
Mastern No.123 Yeoju Samgyo PFV CO., Ltd |  | Logistics and warehousing |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
POSCO DEEPTECH IP FUND |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
FUTURE GRAPH CO., LTD. |  | Spherical graphite manufacturing |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Gunsan |
CHEMGAS KOREA CO., LTD. |  | Specialty gass refining and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Eumseong |
POSCO-EVER NEW MEDICAL Investment Fund |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | Seoul |
POSCO Stainless Precision & Processing |  | STS |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Ansan |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL CVC 1st Fund |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
POSCO CVC 1st Fund |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
New Zero 2nd Co., Ltd. |  | SPC |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Seoul |
POSCO DX CVC 1st Fund |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
POSCO Group AC Fund I |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 98.38 |  |  |  | 1.62 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
POSCO Safety Solution |  | Safety consulting |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | Seongnam |
Startup Korea Posco group Openinnovation Fund |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | Pohang |
FLOW K CO., Ltd. |  | Logistics and warehousing |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | Gwangyang |
|  |  |  | Ownership (%) |  |  |
|  |  |  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2025 |  |  |
|  | Principal operations |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | Region
[Foreign] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
POSCO America Corporation |  | Research&Consulting |  |  | 99.45 |  |  |  | 0.54 |  |  |  | 99.99 |  |  |  | 99.45 |  |  |  | 0.54 |  |  |  | 99.99 |  |  | USA
POSCO AUSTRALIA PTY LTD |  | Raw material sales & mine development |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Australia
POSCO Canada Ltd. |  | Coal sales |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Canada
POSCO Asia Co., Ltd. |  | Finance |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
POSCO-CTPC Co., Ltd. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
POSCO E&C Vietnam Co., Ltd. |  | Steel structure manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | —
POSCO (Zhangjiagang) Stainless Steel Co.,Ltd. |  | Stainless steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | 58.60 |  |  |  | 23.88 |  |  |  | 82.48 |  |  |  | 58.60 |  |  |  | 23.88 |  |  |  | 82.48 |  |  | China
POSCO (Thailand) Company Limited |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Thailand
POSCO-MKPC SDN BHD |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  | Malaysia
Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. |  | Stainless steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | 30.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | 30.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
POSCO(Suzhou) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | 90.00 |  |  |  | 10.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 90.00 |  |  |  | 10.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
POSCO-China Qingdao Processing Center Co.Ltd. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
POS-ORE PTY LTD |  | Iron ore development and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Australia
POSCO-China Holding Corp. |  | Holding company |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd. |  | Steel Marketing, demand development and technology research |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Japan
POS-GC PTY LTD |  | Coal sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Australia
POSCO-India Private Limited |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | India
POSCO-India Pune Processing Center. Pvt. Ltd. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 65.00 |  |  |  | 65.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | India
POSCO Japan PC CO.,LTD |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 86.12 |  |  |  | 86.12 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 86.12 |  |  |  | 86.12 |  |  | Japan
POSCO-CFPC Co., Ltd. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | 44.66 |  |  |  | 55.34 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 44.66 |  |  |  | 55.34 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
POSCO E&C CHINA Co., Ltd. |  | Civil engineering and construction |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
POSCO MPPC S.A. de C.V. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | 21.02 |  |  |  | 75.29 |  |  |  | 96.31 |  |  |  | 21.02 |  |  |  | 78.98 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Mexico
Zhangjigang Pohang Port Co., Ltd. |  | Loading and unloading service |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
|  |  |  | Ownership (%) |  |  |
|  |  |  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2025 |  |  |
|  | Principal operations |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | Region
[Foreign] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
POSCO-VIETNAM Co., Ltd. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Vietnam
POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V. |  | Automotive steel sheet manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 98.16 |  |  |  | 98.16 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 98.16 |  |  |  | 98.16 |  |  | Mexico
POSCO-Poland Wroclaw Processing Center Sp. z o. o. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  | Poland
POS-NP PTY LTD |  | Coal sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Australia
DAEWOO INTERNATIONAL SHANGHAI WAIGAOQIAO CO., LTD |  | Intermediary trade & bonded warehouse operation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
PT. Bio Inti Agrindo |  | Forest resources development |  |  | — |  |  |  | 85.00 |  |  |  | 85.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 85.00 |  |  |  | 85.00 |  |  | Indonesia
POSCO ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION AUSTRALIA (POSCO E&C AUSTRALIA) PTY LTD |  | Construction and engineering service |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Australia
POSCO-TISCO (JILIN) PROCESSING CENTER Co., Ltd. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | 10.00 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | 10.00 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  | China
POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited |  | STS cold-rolled steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 74.56 |  |  |  | 74.56 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 74.56 |  |  |  | 74.56 |  |  | Thailand
HUNCHUN POSCO HMM INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS CO., LTD. |  | Logistics |  |  | — |  |  |  | 81.55 |  |  |  | 81.55 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 81.55 |  |  |  | 81.55 |  |  | China
POSCO INTERNATIONAL VIETNAM CO., LTD |  | Trading business |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Vietnam
POSCO(Chongqing) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
SUZHOU POSCO-CORE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. |  | Component manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | —
PT.KRAKATAU POSCO FUTUREM |  | Quicklime manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 80.00 |  |  |  | 80.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 80.00 |  |  |  | 80.00 |  |  | Indonesia
POSCO AFRICA (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED |  | Mine development |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | South Africa
POSCO Center Beijing |  | Real estate development, rental and management |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
POSCO-Malaysia SDN. BHD. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 95.42 |  |  |  | 95.42 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 95.42 |  |  |  | 95.42 |  |  | Malaysia
|  |  |  | Ownership (%) |  |  |
|  |  |  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2025 |  |  |
|  | Principal operations |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | Region
[Foreign] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PT KRAKATAU BLUE WATER |  | Wastewater treatment facilities operation and maintenance |  |  | — |  |  |  | 67.00 |  |  |  | 67.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 67.00 |  |  |  | 67.00 |  |  | Indonesia
POSCO INTERNATIONAL MYANMAR CO.,LTD. |  | Trading business |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Myanmar
POSCO-Italy Processing Center |  | Stainless steel sheet manufacturing and sales |  |  | 88.89 |  |  |  | 11.11 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 88.89 |  |  |  | 11.11 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Italy
Myanmar POSCO C&C Company,Limited. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  | Myanmar
POSCO DX VIETNAM |  | IT service and electric control engineering |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Vietnam
POSCO INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT PTE.LTD. |  | Real estate development |  |  | — |  |  |  | 75.00 |  |  |  | 75.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 75.00 |  |  |  | 75.00 |  |  | Singapore
POS-Minerals Corporation |  | Mine development management and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | USA
POSCO(Wuhu) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | 68.57 |  |  |  | 31.43 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 68.57 |  |  |  | 31.43 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
POSCO Engineering and Construction India Private Limited |  | Civil engineering and construction |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | India
POSCO COATED STEEL (THAILAND) CO., LTD. |  | Vehicle steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Thailand
POSCO INTERNATIONAL AMARA Co., Ltd. |  | Real estate development |  |  | — |  |  |  | 85.00 |  |  |  | 85.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 85.00 |  |  |  | 85.00 |  |  | Myanmar
POSCO-Mexico Villagran Wire-rod Processing Center |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 66.75 |  |  |  | 66.75 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 66.75 |  |  |  | 66.75 |  |  | Mexico
POSCO ChengDu Processing Center(*3) |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 43.00 |  |  |  | 43.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 43.00 |  |  |  | 43.00 |  |  | China
POSCO(Suzhou) Steel Processing Center CO., LTD. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | —
POSCO E&C SMART S DE RL DE CV |  | Civil engineering and construction |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Mexico
POSCO Philippine Manila Processing Center, Inc. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Philippines
POSCO E&C HOLDINGS CO.,Ltd. |  | Holding company |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Thailand
|  |  |  | Ownership (%) |  |  |
|  |  |  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2025 |  |  |
|  | Principal operations |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | Region
[Foreign] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PT.KRAKATAU POSCO SOCIAL ENTERPRISE SERVICES INDONESIA |  | Social enterprise |  |  | — |  |  |  | 99.91 |  |  |  | 99.91 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 99.91 |  |  |  | 99.91 |  |  | Indonesia
Ventanas Philippines Construction Inc |  | Construction |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Philippines
SANPU TRADING Co., Ltd. |  | Raw material trading |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70.04 |  |  |  | 70.04 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | —
Zhangjiagang BLZ Pohang International Trading |  | Steel Intermediate trade |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
POSCO RU Limited Liability Company |  | Trade and business development |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Russia
GOLDEN LACE POSCO INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. |  | Rice processing |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  | Myanmar
POSCO DX China CO.,LTD |  | IT service and DVR business |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
Pos-Sea Pte Ltd |  | Steel Intermediate trade |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Singapore
POSCO Europe Steel Distribution Center |  | Logistics & Steel sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 90.00 |  |  |  | 90.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 90.00 |  |  |  | 90.00 |  |  | Slovenia
POSCO ENGINEERING (THAILAND) CO., LTD. |  | Construction and engineering service |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Thailand
POSCO VST CO., LTD. |  | Stainless steel sheet manufacturing and sales |  |  | 95.65 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 95.65 |  |  |  | 95.65 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 95.65 |  |  | Vietnam
POSCO INTERNATIONAL UKRAINE, LLC. |  | Grain sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Ukraine
Zhangjiagang Pohang Refractories Co., Ltd. |  | Refractory materials sales & furnace maintenance |  |  | — |  |  |  | 51.00 |  |  |  | 51.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 51.00 |  |  |  | 51.00 |  |  | China
POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | India
POSCO INDIA PROCESSING CENTER PRIVATE LIMITED |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 95.32 |  |  |  | 95.32 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 95.32 |  |  |  | 95.32 |  |  | India
POSCO TNPC Otomotiv Celik San. Ve Tic. A.S |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Turkiye
POSCO Vietnam Processing Center Joint Stock Company |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | 84.04 |  |  |  | 15.96 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 84.04 |  |  |  | 15.96 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Vietnam
POSCO(Liaoning) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | 90.00 |  |  |  | 10.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 90.00 |  |  |  | 10.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
POSCO-Indonesia Jakarta Processing Center |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 92.20 |  |  |  | 92.20 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 92.20 |  |  |  | 92.20 |  |  | Indonesia
|  |  |  | Ownership (%) |  |  |
|  |  |  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2025 |  |  |
|  | Principal operations |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | Region
[Foreign] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PT.MOTTA RESOURCES INDONESIA |  | Mine development |  |  | 65.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 65.00 |  |  |  | 65.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 65.00 |  |  | Indonesia
POSCO TMC INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | India
POSCO AMERICA ALABAMA PROCESSING CENTER CO., LTD. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 97.80 |  |  |  | 97.80 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 97.80 |  |  |  | 97.80 |  |  | USA
POSCO(Yantai) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | 90.00 |  |  |  | 10.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 90.00 |  |  |  | 10.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
POSCO India Steel Distribution Center Private Ltd. |  | Steel logistics |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | India
POSCO YAMATO VINA STEEL JOINT STOCK COMPANY |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 51.00 |  |  |  | 51.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 51.00 |  |  |  | 51.00 |  |  | Vietnam
PT.POSCO DX INDONESIA |  | IT service and electric control engineering |  |  | — |  |  |  | 66.99 |  |  |  | 66.99 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 66.99 |  |  |  | 66.99 |  |  | Indonesia
POSCO NCR Coal Ltd. |  | Coal sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Canada
POSCO WA PTY LTD |  | Iron ore sales & mine development |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Australia
POSCO AUSTRALIA GP PTY LIMITED |  | Resource development |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Australia
PT. KRAKATAU POSCO ENERGY |  | Electricity production construction and operation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 55.00 |  |  |  | 55.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 55.00 |  |  |  | 55.00 |  |  | Indonesia
POSCO INTERNATIONAL AMERICA CORP. |  | Trading business |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | USA
POSCO INTERNATIONAL Deutschland GMBH |  | Trading business |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Germany
POSCO INTERNATIONAL JAPAN CORP. |  | Trading business |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Japan
POSCO INTERNATIONAL SINGAPORE PTE. LTD. |  | Trading business |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Singapore
POSCO INTERNATIONAL ITALIA S.R.L. |  | Trading business |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Italy
POSCO INTERNATIONAL (CHINA) CO., LTD |  | Trading business |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
POSCO INTERNATIONAL TEXTILE LLC. |  | Textile manufacturing |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Uzbekistan
|  |  |  | Ownership (%) |  |  |
|  |  |  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2025 |  |  |
|  | Principal operations |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | Region
[Foreign] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL AUSTRALIA HOLDINGS PTY. LTD. |  | Resource development |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Australia
POSCO MAURITIUS LIMITED |  | Coal development and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Mauritius
PT. KRAKATAU POSCO(*3) |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  | Indonesia
POSCO INTERNATIONAL MEXICO, S.A de C.V.. |  | Trading business |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Mexico
POSCO INTERNATIONAL MALAYSIA SDN BHD |  | Trading business |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Malaysia
PT.POSCO INDONESIA INTI |  | Consulting |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Indonesia
POSCO INTERNATIONAL SHANGHAI CO., LTD. |  | Trading business |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
POSCO INTERNATIONAL INDIA PVT., LTD |  | Trading business |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | India
PT. POSCO E&C INDONESIA |  | Civil engineering and construction |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Indonesia
HUME COAL PTY LTD |  | Raw material manufacturing |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Australia
Brazil Sao Paulo Steel Processing Center |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 76.00 |  |  |  | 76.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 76.00 |  |  |  | 76.00 |  |  | Brazil
POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DO BRAZIL LTDA. |  | Construction |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | —
POSCO ASSAN TST STEEL INDUSTRY Inc |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  | Turkiye
HONG KONG POSCO E&C (CHINA) INVESTMENT Co., Ltd. |  | Real estate development and investment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Hongkong
JB CLARK HILLS |  | Apartment construction |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  |  | 70.00 |  |  | Philippines
POS-LT Pty Ltd |  | Lithium mining investment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Australia
ZHEJIANG POSCO-HUAYOU ESM CO., LTD |  | Anode material manufacturing |  |  | 14.67 |  |  |  | 45.33 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | 14.67 |  |  |  | 45.33 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  | China
POSCO Argentina S.A.U. |  | Mineral exploration/manufacturing/sales |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Argentina
GRAIN TERMINAL HOLDING PTE. LTD. |  | Trading business |  |  | — |  |  |  | 75.00 |  |  |  | 75.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 75.00 |  |  |  | 75.00 |  |  | Singapore
Mykolaiv Milling Works PJSC. |  | Grain trading |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Ukraine
|  |  |  | Ownership (%) |  |  |
|  |  |  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2025 |  |  |
|  | Principal operations |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | Region
[Foreign] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Yuzhnaya Stevedoring Company Limited LLC. |  | Cargo handling |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Ukraine
Posco International (Thailand) Co., Ltd. |  | Trade |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Thailand
PT POSCO INTERNATIONAL INDONESIA |  | Trade |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Indonesia
PEC POWERCON SDN. BHD. |  | Construction and engineering service |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Malaysia
Poland Legnica Sourcing Center Sp. z o.o |  | Non-ferrous metal Smetling |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Poland
POSCO INTERNATIONAL E&P MALAYSIA SDN. BHD. |  | Extraction of Crude petroleum and Natural gas |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Malaysia
AGPA PTE. LTD. |  | Holding company |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Singapore
Senex Holdings PTY LTD(*1) |  | Resource Development |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50.10 |  |  |  | 50.10 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50.10 |  |  |  | 50.10 |  |  | Australia
Posco International Mexico e-Mobility S.A DE C.V. |  | Electric Vehicle Parts Manufacturing |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Mexico
Posco Future Materials Canada Inc. |  | Holding company |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Canada
ULTIUM CAM GP INC. |  | Holding company |  |  | — |  |  |  | 85.00 |  |  |  | 85.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 85.00 |  |  |  | 85.00 |  |  | Canada
ULTIUM CAM LIMITED PARTNERSHIP |  | Anode material manufacturing |  |  | — |  |  |  | 85.00 |  |  |  | 85.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 85.00 |  |  |  | 85.00 |  |  | Canada
POSCO(Wuhan) Automotive Processing Center Co.,Ltd |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | 68.57 |  |  |  | 31.43 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 68.57 |  |  |  | 31.43 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
POSCO BRAZIL LTDA |  | Office Administration, Management Consulting |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Brazil
Port Hedland Green Steel Pty Ltd |  | Iron and steel manufacturing |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Australia
PT AGPA REFINERY COMPLEX |  | Animal/vegetable oil manufacturing |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  | Indonesia
POSCO MOBILITY SOLUTION POLAND Sp. z o.o., |  | Manufacturing, automobile motor parts |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Poland
PT POSCO INTERNATIONAL ENP INDONESIA |  | Crude oil and natural gas |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Indonesia
POSCO INTERNATIONAL E&P USA Inc. |  | Carbon capture and storage, resource development |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | USA
POSCO FLOW CANADA INC. |  | Transporting and warehousing |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Canada
POSCO FLOW (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd |  | Transporting |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
POSCO (BEIJING) Trading Co., Ltd. |  | Trade |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | China
POSCO INTERNATIONAL ALASKA ENERGY LLC |  | Energy |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | USA
|  |  |  | Ownership (%) |  |  |
|  |  |  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2025 |  |  |
|  | Principal operations |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. |  |  | Subsidiaries |  |  | Total |  |  | Region
[Foreign] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
POSCO FLOW VIETNAM CO., LTD |  | Logistics |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Vietnam
PT. Prime Agri Resources(*2) |  | Food resources development |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 65.72 |  |  |  | 65.72 |  |  | Indonesia
(*1) | Senex Holdings PTY LTD consists of 21 subsidiaries including Senex Energy Limited.
(*2) | PT. Prime Agri Resources includes 25 subsidiaries including PT. Prime Agri Resources.
(*3) | As of December 31, 2025, the entities are classified as consolidated subsidiaries since the Company has control over the investees although the Company’s percentage of ownership is 50% or less, considering the structure of the entities’ Board of Directors and others.
Disclosure of Financial information about Principal subsidiaries |
(c) | Summarized financial information of principal subsidiaries as of and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:
1) As of and for the Year ended December 31, 2023
(in millions of Won) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company |  | Assets |  |  | Liabilities |  |  | Equity |  |  | Revenue |  |  | Profit (loss) |
[Domestic] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
POSCO |  | ￦ | 45,825,529 |  |  |  | 12,716,600 |  |  |  | 33,108,929 |  |  |  | 38,971,567 |  |  |  | 1,179,665 |
POSCO Eco & Challenge Co., Ltd. |  |  | 8,402,626 |  |  |  | 5,061,423 |  |  |  | 3,341,203 |  |  |  | 9,463,944 |  |  |  | 198,412 |
POSCO STEELEON Co., Ltd. |  |  | 529,525 |  |  |  | 174,724 |  |  |  | 354,801 |  |  |  | 1,132,510 |  |  |  | 32,276 |
POSCO DX Co., Ltd. |  |  | 871,343 |  |  |  | 418,446 |  |  |  | 452,897 |  |  |  | 1,445,326 |  |  |  | 88,527 |
eNtoB Corporation |  |  | 164,228 |  |  |  | 97,127 |  |  |  | 67,101 |  |  |  | 1,110,222 |  |  |  | 8,491 |
POSCO FUTURE M CO.,LTD. |  |  | 5,756,556 |  |  |  | 3,327,874 |  |  |  | 2,428,682 |  |  |  | 4,457,201 |  |  |  | 32,140 |
POSCO M-TECH |  |  | 154,927 |  |  |  | 39,170 |  |  |  | 115,757 |  |  |  | 341,410 |  |  |  | 4,868 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation |  |  | 12,565,027 |  |  |  | 7,170,143 |  |  |  | 5,394,884 |  |  |  | 28,536,917 |  |  |  | 632,519 |
POSCO MOBILITY SOLUTION |  |  | 1,036,342 |  |  |  | 448,319 |  |  |  | 588,023 |  |  |  | 1,432,416 |  |  |  | (24,265 | )
POSCO-Pilbara LITHIUM SOLUTION Co., Ltd. |  |  | 898,301 |  |  |  | 558,449 |  |  |  | 339,852 |  |  |  | 4,673 |  |  |  | (34,198 | )
QSONE Co.,Ltd.(*1) |  |  | 232,848 |  |  |  | 53,646 |  |  |  | 179,202 |  |  |  | 18,044 |  |  |  | 6,037 |
[Foreign] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
POSCO America Corporation |  |  | 153,900 |  |  |  | 7,980 |  |  |  | 145,920 |  |  |  | 12,231 |  |  |  | 16,690 |
POSCO AUSTRALIA PTY LTD(*2) |  |  | 1,322,381 |  |  |  | 133,612 |  |  |  | 1,188,769 |  |  |  | 224,985 |  |  |  | 152,896 |
POSCO Asia Co., Ltd. |  |  | 1,130,637 |  |  |  | 862,642 |  |  |  | 267,995 |  |  |  | 83,539 |  |  |  | 16,275 |
POSCO-CTPC Co., Ltd. |  |  | 113,805 |  |  |  | 59,166 |  |  |  | 54,639 |  |  |  | 250,167 |  |  |  | 1,093 |
POSCO (Zhangjiagang) Stainless Steel Co.,Ltd. |  |  | 936,933 |  |  |  | 459,269 |  |  |  | 477,664 |  |  |  | 3,359,087 |  |  |  | (169,873 | )
POSCO (Thailand) Company Limited |  |  | 185,280 |  |  |  | 82,456 |  |  |  | 102,824 |  |  |  | 440,532 |  |  |  | (3,621 | )
Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. |  |  | 128,820 |  |  |  | 23,453 |  |  |  | 105,367 |  |  |  | 296,883 |  |  |  | (13,362 | )
(in millions of Won) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company |  | Assets |  |  | Liabilities |  |  | Equity |  |  | Revenue |  |  | Profit (loss) |
POSCO (Suzhou) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd. |  |  | 371,734 |  |  |  | 198,451 |  |  |  | 173,283 |  |  |  | 729,700 |  |  |  | 6,364 |
POSCO-China Holding Corp. |  |  | 986,501 |  |  |  | 515,610 |  |  |  | 470,891 |  |  |  | 31,329 |  |  |  | (22,326 | )
POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd. |  |  | 201,184 |  |  |  | 5,300 |  |  |  | 195,884 |  |  |  | 16,453 |  |  |  | 3,705 |
POSCO-India Pune Processing Center. Pvt. Ltd. |  |  | 222,439 |  |  |  | 175,594 |  |  |  | 46,845 |  |  |  | 436,248 |  |  |  | 1,576 |
POSCO Japan PC CO.,LTD |  |  | 335,780 |  |  |  | 254,557 |  |  |  | 81,223 |  |  |  | 623,375 |  |  |  | 9,079 |
POSCO-CFPC Co., Ltd. |  |  | 296,489 |  |  |  | 229,961 |  |  |  | 66,528 |  |  |  | 843,934 |  |  |  | 1,900 |
POSCO MPPC S.A. de C.V. |  |  | 521,303 |  |  |  | 415,819 |  |  |  | 105,484 |  |  |  | 934,346 |  |  |  | (278 | )
POSCO-VIETNAM Co., Ltd. |  |  | 309,476 |  |  |  | 299,054 |  |  |  | 10,422 |  |  |  | 737,530 |  |  |  | (5,594 | )
POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V. |  |  | 726,121 |  |  |  | 500,597 |  |  |  | 225,524 |  |  |  | 846,600 |  |  |  | (8,530 | )
POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited |  |  | 433,638 |  |  |  | 100,506 |  |  |  | 333,132 |  |  |  | 551,000 |  |  |  | (4,170 | )
POSCO Center Beijing |  |  | 427,898 |  |  |  | 246,190 |  |  |  | 181,708 |  |  |  | 37,028 |  |  |  | 5,623 |
POSCO COATED STEEL (THAILAND) CO., LTD. |  |  | 307,619 |  |  |  | 220,259 |  |  |  | 87,360 |  |  |  | 386,992 |  |  |  | 1,459 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL AMARA Co., Ltd. |  |  | 306,105 |  |  |  | 400,124 |  |  |  | (94,019 | ) |  |  | 33,288 |  |  |  | (21,723 | )
POSCO VST CO., LTD. |  |  | 251,525 |  |  |  | 196,382 |  |  |  | 55,143 |  |  |  | 547,889 |  |  |  | (36,723 | )
POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited |  |  | 1,319,232 |  |  |  | 791,431 |  |  |  | 527,801 |  |  |  | 1,763,374 |  |  |  | 58,669 |
POSCO INDIA PROCESSING CENTER PRIVATE LIMITED |  |  | 344,678 |  |  |  | 251,870 |  |  |  | 92,808 |  |  |  | 896,860 |  |  |  | 13,268 |
POSCO Vietnam Processing Center. Co.,Ltd |  |  | 238,694 |  |  |  | 127,038 |  |  |  | 111,656 |  |  |  | 577,064 |  |  |  | 7,003 |
POSCO(Liaoning) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd. |  |  | 99,186 |  |  |  | 48,858 |  |  |  | 50,328 |  |  |  | 229,524 |  |  |  | 3,718 |
POSCO YAMATO VINA STEEL JOINT STOCK COMPANY |  |  | 434,496 |  |  |  | 127,087 |  |  |  | 307,409 |  |  |  | 395,261 |  |  |  | 8,993 |
PT. KRAKATAU POSCO ENERGY |  |  | 263,986 |  |  |  | 94,202 |  |  |  | 169,784 |  |  |  | 34,158 |  |  |  | 13,895 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL AMERICA CORP. |  |  | 629,533 |  |  |  | 473,572 |  |  |  | 155,961 |  |  |  | 2,282,133 |  |  |  | 29,445 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL Deutschland GMBH |  |  | 400,762 |  |  |  | 384,113 |  |  |  | 16,649 |  |  |  | 946,974 |  |  |  | 3,413 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL JAPAN CORP. |  |  | 895,043 |  |  |  | 744,065 |  |  |  | 150,978 |  |  |  | 2,939,318 |  |  |  | 27,022 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL SINGAPORE PTE. LTD. |  |  | 294,527 |  |  |  | 280,090 |  |  |  | 14,437 |  |  |  | 3,025,822 |  |  |  | 7,452 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL ITALIA S.R.L. |  |  | 226,148 |  |  |  | 209,374 |  |  |  | 16,774 |  |  |  | 777,756 |  |  |  | 1,498 |
PT. KRAKATAU POSCO |  |  | 3,475,929 |  |  |  | 2,747,948 |  |  |  | 727,981 |  |  |  | 3,130,551 |  |  |  | 65,827 |
POSCO ASSAN TST STEEL INDUSTRY |  |  | 471,071 |  |  |  | 456,913 |  |  |  | 14,158 |  |  |  | 416,096 |  |  |  | (73,032 | )
POSCO AMERICA ALABAMA PROCESSING CENTER CO., LTD. |  |  | 152,896 |  |  |  | 135,087 |  |  |  | 17,809 |  |  |  | 251,884 |  |  |  | (3,025 | )
POSCO Argentina S.A.U. |  |  | 1,658,879 |  |  |  | 542,525 |  |  |  | 1,116,354 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (73,807 | )
POSCO-MKPC SDN BHD |  |  | 132,043 |  |  |  | 59,916 |  |  |  | 72,127 |  |  |  | 244,754 |  |  |  | 8,770 |
Senex Holdings PTY LTD(*2) |  |  | 1,623,493 |  |  |  | 802,259 |  |  |  | 821,234 |  |  |  | 246,493 |  |  |  | 14,239 |
(*1) | The sales and net income occurred after the inclusion as a subsidiary.
(*2) | Summarized financial information of POSCO AUSTRALIA PTY LTD and Senex Holdings PTY LTD, a subsidiary of POSCO HOLDINGS INC., are based on its consolidated financial information. The financial information of the other entities is based on separate financial statements of each entity.
| 2) | As of and for the Year ended December 31, 2024
(in millions of Won) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company |  | Assets |  |  | Liabilities |  |  | Equity |  |  | Revenue |  |  | Profit (loss) |
[Domestic] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
POSCO |  | ￦ | 45,681,401 |  |  |  | 12,574,873 |  |  |  | 33,106,528 |  |  |  | 37,556,523 |  |  |  | 901,542 |
POSCO Eco & Challenge Co., Ltd. |  |  | 7,409,590 |  |  |  | 3,987,205 |  |  |  | 3,422,385 |  |  |  | 9,933,169 |  |  |  | 93,873 |
POSCO STEELEON Co., Ltd. |  |  | 530,860 |  |  |  | 154,751 |  |  |  | 376,108 |  |  |  | 1,175,769 |  |  |  | 32,358 |
POSCO DX Co., Ltd. |  |  | 871,043 |  |  |  | 356,499 |  |  |  | 514,543 |  |  |  | 1,440,386 |  |  |  | 86,759 |
(in millions of Won) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company |  | Assets |  |  | Liabilities |  |  | Equity |  |  | Revenue |  |  | Profit (loss) |
eNtoB Corporation |  |  | 186,221 |  |  |  | 116,120 |  |  |  | 70,101 |  |  |  | 1,018,894 |  |  |  | 4,683 |
POSCO FUTURE M CO.,LTD. |  |  | 6,765,713 |  |  |  | 3,980,328 |  |  |  | 2,785,385 |  |  |  | 3,608,988 |  |  |  | (222,038 | )
POSCO M-TECH |  |  | 149,758 |  |  |  | 37,945 |  |  |  | 111,813 |  |  |  | 346,628 |  |  |  | 568 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation |  |  | 12,692,301 |  |  |  | 6,981,884 |  |  |  | 5,710,417 |  |  |  | 27,388,739 |  |  |  | 510,930 |
POSCO MOBILITY SOLUTION |  |  | 957,411 |  |  |  | 406,888 |  |  |  | 550,523 |  |  |  | 1,179,247 |  |  |  | (35,088 | )
POSCO-Pilbara LITHIUM SOLUTION Co., Ltd. |  |  | 1,254,635 |  |  |  | 1,038,612 |  |  |  | 216,023 |  |  |  | 30,237 |  |  |  | (122,852 | )
QSONE Co.,Ltd. |  |  | 232,238 |  |  |  | 44,188 |  |  |  | 188,050 |  |  |  | 23,087 |  |  |  | 8,852 |
[Foreign] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
POSCO America Corporation |  |  | 182,232 |  |  |  | 8,496 |  |  |  | 173,737 |  |  |  | 13,260 |  |  |  | 6,839 |
POSCO AUSTRALIA PTY LTD(*1) |  |  | 1,030,657 |  |  |  | 72,827 |  |  |  | 957,831 |  |  |  | 147,136 |  |  |  | 80,352 |
POSCO Asia Co., Ltd. |  |  | 917,019 |  |  |  | 621,154 |  |  |  | 295,864 |  |  |  | 64,318 |  |  |  | (8,867 | )
POSCO-CTPC Co., Ltd. |  |  | 108,172 |  |  |  | 47,479 |  |  |  | 60,692 |  |  |  | 264,923 |  |  |  | — |
POSCO (Zhangjiagang) Stainless Steel Co.,Ltd. |  |  | 1,047,884 |  |  |  | 654,532 |  |  |  | 393,352 |  |  |  | 3,042,140 |  |  |  | (129,933 | )
POSCO (Thailand) Company Limited |  |  | 197,326 |  |  |  | 77,129 |  |  |  | 120,197 |  |  |  | 407,074 |  |  |  | 2,400 |
Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. |  |  | 135,759 |  |  |  | 33,597 |  |  |  | 102,162 |  |  |  | 211,357 |  |  |  | (14,197 | )
POSCO (Suzhou) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd. |  |  | 441,569 |  |  |  | 252,305 |  |  |  | 189,265 |  |  |  | 783,814 |  |  |  | (2,773 | )
POSCO-China Holding Corp. |  |  | 1,018,689 |  |  |  | 512,006 |  |  |  | 506,683 |  |  |  | 20,500 |  |  |  | (17,866 | )
POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd. |  |  | 212,669 |  |  |  | 8,031 |  |  |  | 204,638 |  |  |  | 15,989 |  |  |  | 2,985 |
POSCO-India Pune Processing Center. Pvt. Ltd. |  |  | 209,999 |  |  |  | 156,856 |  |  |  | 53,144 |  |  |  | 483,584 |  |  |  | 1,129 |
POSCO Japan PC CO.,LTD |  |  | 352,915 |  |  |  | 262,886 |  |  |  | 90,028 |  |  |  | 615,346 |  |  |  | 6,430 |
POSCO-CFPC Co., Ltd. |  |  | 331,811 |  |  |  | 257,870 |  |  |  | 73,941 |  |  |  | 980,637 |  |  |  | (96 | )
POSCO MPPC S.A. de C.V. |  |  | 661,110 |  |  |  | 536,852 |  |  |  | 124,258 |  |  |  | 1,008,224 |  |  |  | 3,709 |
POSCO-VIETNAM Co., Ltd. |  |  | 350,524 |  |  |  | 337,418 |  |  |  | 13,106 |  |  |  | 835,631 |  |  |  | 1,136 |
POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V. |  |  | 749,960 |  |  |  | 475,331 |  |  |  | 274,629 |  |  |  | 999,807 |  |  |  | 16,243 |
POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited |  |  | 512,321 |  |  |  | 115,149 |  |  |  | 397,172 |  |  |  | 576,912 |  |  |  | 14,948 |
POSCO Center Beijing |  |  | 457,044 |  |  |  | 253,675 |  |  |  | 203,369 |  |  |  | 32,514 |  |  |  | 1,065 |
POSCO COATED STEEL (THAILAND) CO., LTD. |  |  | 324,391 |  |  |  | 228,055 |  |  |  | 96,336 |  |  |  | 402,981 |  |  |  | (3,165 | )
POSCO INTERNATIONAL AMARA Co., Ltd. |  |  | 322,963 |  |  |  | 479,031 |  |  |  | (156,068 | ) |  |  | 43,629 |  |  |  | (45,325 | )
POSCO VST CO., LTD. |  |  | 304,235 |  |  |  | 224,360 |  |  |  | 79,875 |  |  |  | 510,914 |  |  |  | 15,771 |
POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited |  |  | 1,471,597 |  |  |  | 695,297 |  |  |  | 776,300 |  |  |  | 1,785,238 |  |  |  | 180,957 |
POSCO INDIA PROCESSING CENTER PRIVATE LIMITED |  |  | 424,014 |  |  |  | 310,883 |  |  |  | 113,131 |  |  |  | 1,003,522 |  |  |  | 9,669 |
POSCO (Liaoning) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd. |  |  | 89,444 |  |  |  | 31,260 |  |  |  | 58,184 |  |  |  | 209,207 |  |  |  | 2,339 |
POSCO YAMATO VINA STEEL JOINT STOCK COMPANY |  |  | 466,488 |  |  |  | 142,002 |  |  |  | 324,486 |  |  |  | 423,938 |  |  |  | (24,091 | )
PT. KRAKATAU POSCO ENERGY |  |  | 296,566 |  |  |  | 89,437 |  |  |  | 207,130 |  |  |  | 34,777 |  |  |  | 12,578 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL AMERICA CORP. |  |  | 726,447 |  |  |  | 489,622 |  |  |  | 236,825 |  |  |  | 2,651,352 |  |  |  | 54,727 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL Deutschland GMBH |  |  | 503,928 |  |  |  | 488,965 |  |  |  | 14,963 |  |  |  | 1,099,624 |  |  |  | (2,776 | )
POSCO INTERNATIONAL JAPAN CORP. |  |  | 998,144 |  |  |  | 821,148 |  |  |  | 176,996 |  |  |  | 2,966,044 |  |  |  | 21,235 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL SINGAPORE PTE. LTD. |  |  | 217,546 |  |  |  | 194,011 |  |  |  | 23,534 |  |  |  | 3,225,062 |  |  |  | 6,560 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL ITALIA S.R.L. |  |  | 291,810 |  |  |  | 271,429 |  |  |  | 20,381 |  |  |  | 862,642 |  |  |  | 2,321 |
PT. KRAKATAU POSCO(*1) |  |  | 3,523,003 |  |  |  | 2,874,800 |  |  |  | 648,203 |  |  |  | 2,817,274 |  |  |  | (168,700 | )
POSCO ASSAN TST STEEL INDUSTRY |  |  | 568,566 |  |  |  | 568,513 |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 503,646 |  |  |  | (23,238 | )
POSCO AMERICA ALABAMA PROCESSING CENTER CO., LTD. |  |  | 204,257 |  |  |  | 192,542 |  |  |  | 11,715 |  |  |  | 347,192 |  |  |  | (7,963 | )
POSCO Argentina S.A.U. |  |  | 2,786,535 |  |  |  | 1,260,950 |  |  |  | 1,525,585 |  |  |  | 3,203 |  |  |  | (128,649 | )
POSCO-MKPC SDN BHD |  |  | 164,150 |  |  |  | 72,783 |  |  |  | 91,367 |  |  |  | 257,822 |  |  |  | 7,271 |
Senex Holdings PTY LTD(*1) |  |  | 2,269,190 |  |  |  | 910,149 |  |  |  | 1,359,041 |  |  |  | 268,350 |  |  |  | 16,389 |
(*1) | Summarized financial information of POSCO AUSTRALIA PTY LTD, PT. KRAKATAU POSCO and Senex Holdings PTY LTD, a subsidiary of POSCO HOLDINGS INC., are based on its consolidated financial information. The financial information of the other entities is based on separate financial statements of each entity.
| 3) | As of and for the Year ended December 31, 2025
(in millions of Won) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company |  | Assets |  |  | Liabilities |  |  | Equity |  |  | Revenue |  |  | Profit (loss) |
[Domestic] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
POSCO |  | ￦ | 45,022,297 |  |  |  | 11,113,310 |  |  |  | 33,908,987 |  |  |  | 35,010,837 |  |  |  | 1,187,860 |
POSCO Eco & Challenge Co., Ltd. |  |  | 8,172,206 |  |  |  | 5,276,507 |  |  |  | 2,895,699 |  |  |  | 6,591,563 |  |  |  | (517,983 | )
POSCO STEELEON Co., Ltd. |  |  | 479,864 |  |  |  | 105,249 |  |  |  | 374,615 |  |  |  | 1,093,989 |  |  |  | 14,436 |
POSCO DX Co., Ltd. |  |  | 814,795 |  |  |  | 253,134 |  |  |  | 561,661 |  |  |  | 1,046,633 |  |  |  | 52,384 |
eNtoB Corporation |  |  | 163,126 |  |  |  | 90,342 |  |  |  | 72,784 |  |  |  | 995,642 |  |  |  | 4,404 |
POSCO FUTURE M CO.,LTD. |  |  | 7,828,096 |  |  |  | 3,927,339 |  |  |  | 3,900,757 |  |  |  | 2,689,403 |  |  |  | 31,815 |
POSCO M-TECH |  |  | 155,483 |  |  |  | 41,231 |  |  |  | 114,252 |  |  |  | 357,432 |  |  |  | 1,411 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation |  |  | 13,725,392 |  |  |  | 7,931,430 |  |  |  | 5,793,962 |  |  |  | 26,956,598 |  |  |  | 513,830 |
POSCO MOBILITY SOLUTION |  |  | 930,712 |  |  |  | 376,195 |  |  |  | 554,517 |  |  |  | 1,182,165 |  |  |  | 2,104 |
POSCO-Pilbara LITHIUM SOLUTION Co., Ltd. |  |  | 1,199,943 |  |  |  | 824,709 |  |  |  | 375,234 |  |  |  | 151,666 |  |  |  | (241,325 | )
QSONE Co.,Ltd. |  |  | 233,225 |  |  |  | 35,538 |  |  |  | 197,687 |  |  |  | 23,883 |  |  |  | 9,637 |
[Foreign] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
POSCO America Corporation |  |  | 177,414 |  |  |  | 7,388 |  |  |  | 170,026 |  |  |  | 12,387 |  |  |  | 1,103 |
POSCO AUSTRALIA PTY LTD(*1) |  |  | 1,302,758 |  |  |  | 126,704 |  |  |  | 1,176,054 |  |  |  | 120,629 |  |  |  | 54,161 |
POSCO Asia Co., Ltd. |  |  | 1,070,584 |  |  |  | 767,290 |  |  |  | 303,294 |  |  |  | 33,285 |  |  |  | 14,276 |
POSCO-CTPC Co., Ltd. |  |  | 93,444 |  |  |  | 30,522 |  |  |  | 62,922 |  |  |  | 193,651 |  |  |  | 1,137 |
POSCO (Zhangjiagang) Stainless Steel Co.,Ltd. |  |  | 1,017,825 |  |  |  | 828,674 |  |  |  | 189,151 |  |  |  | 2,459,184 |  |  |  | (203,736 | )
POSCO (Thailand) Company Limited |  |  | 181,303 |  |  |  | 51,750 |  |  |  | 129,553 |  |  |  | 460,933 |  |  |  | 2,683 |
Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. |  |  | 101,432 |  |  |  | 28,485 |  |  |  | 72,947 |  |  |  | 172,453 |  |  |  | (29,916 | )
POSCO (Suzhou) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd. |  |  | 367,922 |  |  |  | 168,201 |  |  |  | 199,721 |  |  |  | 697,007 |  |  |  | 6,927 |
POSCO-China Holding Corp. |  |  | 899,827 |  |  |  | 394,606 |  |  |  | 505,221 |  |  |  | 26,683 |  |  |  | (9,895 | )
POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd. |  |  | 464,652 |  |  |  | 259,140 |  |  |  | 205,512 |  |  |  | 332,192 |  |  |  | 3,042 |
POSCO-India Pune Processing Center. Pvt. Ltd. |  |  | 219,226 |  |  |  | 156,960 |  |  |  | 62,266 |  |  |  | 561,938 |  |  |  | 13,138 |
POSCO Japan PC CO.,LTD |  |  | 282,106 |  |  |  | 186,496 |  |  |  | 95,610 |  |  |  | 601,268 |  |  |  | 7,662 |
POSCO-CFPC Co., Ltd. |  |  | 208,779 |  |  |  | 138,537 |  |  |  | 70,242 |  |  |  | 751,210 |  |  |  | (4,810 | )
POSCO MPPC S.A. de C.V. |  |  | 540,502 |  |  |  | 432,030 |  |  |  | 108,472 |  |  |  | 990,082 |  |  |  | (12,703 | )
POSCO-VIETNAM Co., Ltd. |  |  | 297,547 |  |  |  | 287,963 |  |  |  | 9,584 |  |  |  | 800,445 |  |  |  | (3,180 | )
POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V. |  |  | 516,173 |  |  |  | 267,912 |  |  |  | 248,261 |  |  |  | 779,354 |  |  |  | (19,631 | )
POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited |  |  | 513,813 |  |  |  | 103,715 |  |  |  | 410,098 |  |  |  | 595,928 |  |  |  | (2,639 | )
POSCO Center Beijing |  |  | 429,839 |  |  |  | 225,133 |  |  |  | 204,706 |  |  |  | 29,728 |  |  |  | (2,114 | )
POSCO COATED STEEL (THAILAND) CO., LTD. |  |  | 323,171 |  |  |  | 210,452 |  |  |  | 112,719 |  |  |  | 447,580 |  |  |  | 9,970 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL AMARA Co., Ltd. |  |  | 312,345 |  |  |  | 486,621 |  |  |  | (174,276 | ) |  |  | 53,994 |  |  |  | (21,735 | )
POSCO VST CO., LTD. |  |  | 307,026 |  |  |  | 242,985 |  |  |  | 64,041 |  |  |  | 588,177 |  |  |  | (13,800 | )
POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited |  |  | 1,410,778 |  |  |  | 616,607 |  |  |  | 794,171 |  |  |  | 1,962,507 |  |  |  | 74,068 |
POSCO INDIA PROCESSING CENTER PRIVATE LIMITED |  |  | 449,056 |  |  |  | 328,739 |  |  |  | 120,317 |  |  |  | 1,038,388 |  |  |  | 15,473 |
POSCO (Liaoning) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd. |  |  | 89,376 |  |  |  | 29,251 |  |  |  | 60,125 |  |  |  | 155,217 |  |  |  | 1,417 |
POSCO YAMATO VINA STEEL JOINT STOCK COMPANY |  |  | 433,768 |  |  |  | 112,956 |  |  |  | 320,812 |  |  |  | 391,439 |  |  |  | 4,037 |
PT. KRAKATAU POSCO ENERGY |  |  | 297,226 |  |  |  | 79,844 |  |  |  | 217,382 |  |  |  | 36,099 |  |  |  | 15,052 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL AMERICA CORP. |  |  | 678,580 |  |  |  | 435,460 |  |  |  | 243,120 |  |  |  | 2,803,426 |  |  |  | 11,841 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL Deutschland GMBH |  |  | 535,776 |  |  |  | 517,285 |  |  |  | 18,491 |  |  |  | 1,265,871 |  |  |  | 1,897 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL JAPAN CORP. |  |  | 482,108 |  |  |  | 302,412 |  |  |  | 179,696 |  |  |  | 2,596,871 |  |  |  | 6,490 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL SINGAPORE PTE. LTD. |  |  | 377,452 |  |  |  | 351,911 |  |  |  | 25,541 |  |  |  | 3,394,333 |  |  |  | 2,545 |
POSCO INTERNATIONAL ITALIA S.R.L. |  |  | 353,864 |  |  |  | 328,875 |  |  |  | 24,989 |  |  |  | 848,468 |  |  |  | 2,395 |
PT. KRAKATAU POSCO(*1) |  |  | 3,233,243 |  |  |  | 2,656,952 |  |  |  | 576,291 |  |  |  | 2,627,285 |  |  |  | (55,749 | )
(in millions of Won) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company |  | Assets |  |  | Liabilities |  |  | Equity |  |  | Revenue |  |  | Profit (loss) |
POSCO ASSAN TST STEEL INDUSTRY |  |  | 528,879 |  |  |  | 545,403 |  |  |  | (16,524 | ) |  |  | 578,928 |  |  |  | (16,426 | )
POSCO AMERICA ALABAMA PROCESSING CENTER CO., LTD. |  |  | 141,846 |  |  |  | 135,609 |  |  |  | 6,237 |  |  |  | 264,484 |  |  |  | (5,152 | )
POSCO Argentina S.A.U. |  |  | 3,024,213 |  |  |  | 1,860,335 |  |  |  | 1,163,878 |  |  |  | 64,359 |  |  |  | (322,330 | )
POSCO-MKPC SDN BHD |  |  | 157,680 |  |  |  | 54,285 |  |  |  | 103,395 |  |  |  | 244,146 |  |  |  | 5,895 |
Senex Holdings PTY LTD(*1) |  |  | 2,706,285 |  |  |  | 1,137,655 |  |  |  | 1,568,630 |  |  |  | 392,218 |  |  |  | 28,069 |
(*1) | Summarized financial information of POSCO AUSTRALIA PTY LTD, PT. KRAKATAU POSCO and Senex Holdings PTY LTD, a subsidiary of POSCO HOLDINGS INC., are based on its consolidated financial information. The financial information of the other entities is based on separate financial statements of each entity.
Details of Non-controlling Interest |
(d) | Details of non-controlling interests by entity, on a respective consolidated basis, as of and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:
| 1) | As of and for the year ended December 31, 2023
(in millions of Won) |  | POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation |  |  | POSCO FUTURE M Co., LTD |  |  | POSCO Eco & Challenge CO., LTD. |  |  | POSCO DX CO., LTD. |
Current assets |  | ￦ | 8,077,260 |  |  |  | 2,411,881 |  |  |  | 6,379,394 |  |  |  | 661,856 |
Non-current assets |  |  | 8,540,488 |  |  |  | 3,922,712 |  |  |  | 2,357,217 |  |  |  | 227,952 |
Current liabilities |  |  | (6,275,479 | ) |  |  | (1,396,408 | ) |  |  | (4,713,198 | ) |  |  | (421,367 | )
Non-current liabilities |  |  | (3,717,507 | ) |  |  | (2,326,719 | ) |  |  | (610,218 | ) |  |  | (6,991 | )
Equity |  |  | 6,624,762 |  |  |  | 2,611,466 |  |  |  | 3,413,195 |  |  |  | 461,450 |
Non-controlling interests |  |  | 1,121,823 |  |  |  | 666,420 |  |  |  | 1,483,382 |  |  |  | 149,812 |
Revenue |  |  | 33,132,821 |  |  |  | 4,759,871 |  |  |  | 10,095,060 |  |  |  | 1,485,876 |
Profit for the period |  |  | 680,419 |  |  |  | 4,435 |  |  |  | 176,827 |  |  |  | 92,128 |
Profit attributable to non-controlling interests |  |  | 141,618 |  |  |  | 25,365 |  |  |  | 89,042 |  |  |  | 30,506 |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  | 1,076,436 |  |  |  | (444,846 | ) |  |  | (294,596 | ) |  |  | 21,821 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  | (27,128 | ) |  |  | (1,031,418 | ) |  |  | 318,890 |  |  |  | 19,264 |
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  | (1,225,373 | ) |  |  | 1,591,574 |  |  |  | 78,748 |  |  |  | (12,975 | )
Effect of exchange rate fluctuation on cash held |  |  | 15,222 |  |  |  | (7,111 | ) |  |  | 1,444 |  |  |  | 39 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (176,065 | ) |  |  | 108,199 |  |  |  | 104,487 |  |  |  | 28,148 |
| 2) | As of and for the year ended December 31, 2024
(in millions of Won) |  | POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation |  |  | POSCO FUTURE M Co., LTD |  |  | POSCO Eco & Challenge CO., LTD. |  |  | POSCO DX CO., LTD. |
Current assets |  | ￦ | 8,268,175 |  |  |  | 2,112,748 |  |  |  | 5,253,321 |  |  |  | 676,688 |
Non-current assets |  |  | 9,068,151 |  |  |  | 5,819,711 |  |  |  | 2,448,945 |  |  |  | 215,765 |
Current liabilities |  |  | (6,659,697 | ) |  |  | (1,570,070 | ) |  |  | (3,304,067 | ) |  |  | (355,027 | )
Non-current liabilities |  |  | (3,327,166 | ) |  |  | (3,041,884 | ) |  |  | (892,031 | ) |  |  | (11,528 | )
Equity |  |  | 7,349,463 |  |  |  | 3,320,505 |  |  |  | 3,506,168 |  |  |  | 525,898 |
Non-controlling interests |  |  | 1,089,512 |  |  |  | 700,123 |  |  |  | 1,495,379 |  |  |  | 169,964 |
Revenue |  |  | 32,340,793 |  |  |  | 3,699,944 |  |  |  | 10,239,966 |  |  |  | 1,473,291 |
Profit (loss) for the period |  |  | 503,410 |  |  |  | (231,338 | ) |  |  | 108,682 |  |  |  | 88,599 |
Profit (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests |  |  | 104,424 |  |  |  | (78,781 | ) |  |  | 66,458 |  |  |  | 29,331 |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  | 876,881 |  |  |  | 670,850 |  |  |  | 13,430 |  |  |  | 97,800 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  | (846,138 | ) |  |  | (1,810,360 | ) |  |  | (76,358 | ) |  |  | (12,603 | )
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  | (176,074 | ) |  |  | 1,375,379 |  |  |  | (360,662 | ) |  |  | (17,219 | )
Effect of exchange rate fluctuation on cash held |  |  | 65,672 |  |  |  | 18,768 |  |  |  | 14,878 |  |  |  | 1,039 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (79,659 | ) |  |  | 235,869 |  |  |  | (408,712 | ) |  |  | 69,017 |
| 3) | As of and for the year ended December 31, 2025
(in millions of Won) |  | POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation |  |  | POSCO FUTURE M Co., LTD |  |  | POSCO Eco & Challenge CO., LTD. |  |  | POSCO DX CO., LTD. |
Current assets |  | ￦ | 7,555,975 |  |  |  | 2,170,138 |  |  |  | 5,983,732 |  |  |  | 611,990 |
Non-current assets |  |  | 11,197,035 |  |  |  | 6,973,758 |  |  |  | 2,411,581 |  |  |  | 222,402 |
Current liabilities |  |  | (6,612,176 | ) |  |  | (1,658,341 | ) |  |  | (3,995,466 | ) |  |  | (251,651 | )
Non-current liabilities |  |  | (4,328,180 | ) |  |  | (2,973,477 | ) |  |  | (1,390,467 | ) |  |  | (10,180 | )
Equity |  |  | 7,812,654 |  |  |  | 4,512,078 |  |  |  | 3,009,380 |  |  |  | 572,561 |
Non-controlling interests |  |  | 989,277 |  |  |  | 969,142 |  |  |  | 1,290,254 |  |  |  | 185,187 |
Revenue |  |  | 32,373,604 |  |  |  | 2,938,698 |  |  |  | 6,795,197 |  |  |  | 1,075,175 |
Profit (loss) for the period |  |  | 636,802 |  |  |  | 36,522 |  |  |  | (499,626 | ) |  |  | 52,624 |
Profit (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests |  |  | 42,727 |  |  |  | 17,039 |  |  |  | (100,303 | ) |  |  | 6,595 |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  | 1,941,539 |  |  |  | (33,577 | ) |  |  | (950,239 | ) |  |  | 145,951 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  | (1,329,738 | ) |  |  | (1,726,808 | ) |  |  | 444,649 |  |  |  | (6,201 | )
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  | (465,306 | ) |  |  | 1,430,280 |  |  |  | 933,357 |  |  |  | (21,378 | )
Effect of exchange rate fluctuation on cash held |  |  | (30,393 | ) |  |  | 5,730 |  |  |  | (11,658 | ) |  |  | (602 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 116,102 |  |  |  | (324,375 | ) |  |  | 416,109 |  |  |  | 117,770 |
Details of Associates |
| 1) | Associates
|  |  |  | Ownership (%) |  |  | Region
Investee |  | Category of business |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |
[Domestic] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New Songdo International City Development, LLC |  | Real estate rental |  |  | 29.90 |  |  |  | 29.90 |  |  | Incheon
Gale International Korea, LLC |  | Real estate rental |  |  | 29.90 |  |  |  | 29.90 |  |  | Incheon
KONES, Corp.(*4) |  | Technical service |  |  | 27.41 |  |  |  | — |  |  | —
CHUNGJU ENTERPRISE CITY DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd |  | Real estate development |  |  | 29.53 |  |  |  | 29.53 |  |  | Chungju
DAEHO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT CO., LTD. |  | Investment advisory service |  |  | 35.82 |  |  |  | 35.82 |  |  | Pohang
Gunggi Green Energy(*1) |  | Electricity generation |  |  | 19.00 |  |  |  | 19.00 |  |  | Hwaseong
Pohang Special Welding Co.,Ltd. |  | Welding material and tools manufacturing and sales |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  | Pohang
EQP POSCO Global NO1 Natural Resources Private Equity Fund |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | 27.23 |  |  |  | 27.23 |  |  | Seoul
KC Chemicals CORP.(*1) |  | Machinery manufacturing |  |  | 18.76 |  |  |  | 18.76 |  |  | Hwaseong
Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd |  | Electricity generation |  |  | 49.10 |  |  |  | 49.10 |  |  | Chuncheon
Noeul Green Energy(*1) |  | Electricity generation |  |  | 10.00 |  |  |  | 10.00 |  |  | Seoul
Posco-IDV Growth Ladder IP Fund(*3) |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | 17.86 |  |  |  | — |  |  | —
Pohang E&E Co., LTD |  | Investment in waste energy |  |  | 30.00 |  |  |  | 30.00 |  |  | Pohang
POSCO Energy Valley Fund |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | 20.00 |  |  | Pohang
Posco Culture Contents Fund |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | 31.68 |  |  |  | 31.68 |  |  | Seoul
PCC Amberstone Private Equity Fund 1(*1) |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | 8.80 |  |  |  | 8.80 |  |  | Seoul
UITrans LRT Co., Ltd. |  | Transporting |  |  | 38.19 |  |  |  | 38.19 |  |  | Seoul
POSCO Advanced Technical Staff Fund(*1) |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | 15.87 |  |  |  | 15.84 |  |  | Seoul
POSCO 4th Industrial Revolution Fund(*1) |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | 19.05 |  |  |  | 19.05 |  |  | Seoul
Pureun Tongyeong Enviro Co., Ltd. |  | Sewerage treatment |  |  | 20.40 |  |  |  | 20.40 |  |  | Tongyeong
Pure Gimpo Co., Ltd. |  | Construction |  |  | 28.79 |  |  |  | 28.79 |  |  | Gimpo
Posgreen Co., Ltd.(*1) |  | Lime and plaster manufacturing |  |  | 19.00 |  |  |  | 19.00 |  |  | Gwangyang
Clean Iksan Co., Ltd. |  | Construction |  |  | 23.50 |  |  |  | 23.50 |  |  | Iksan
Innovalley Co., Ltd. |  | Real estate development |  |  | 29.48 |  |  |  | 29.48 |  |  | Yongin
BLUE OCEAN Private Equity Fund |  | Private equity financial |  |  | 27.52 |  |  |  | 27.52 |  |  | Seoul
|  |  |  | Ownership (%) |  |  | Region
Investee |  | Category of business |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |
[Domestic] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pocheon-Hwado Highway Corp. |  | Investment in Expressway |  |  | 27.89 |  |  |  | 27.89 |  |  | Incheon
INNOPOLIS Job Creation Fund II(*1) |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | 6.13 |  |  |  | 6.13 |  |  | Seoul
Samcheok Blue Power Co.,Ltd. |  | Generation of electricity |  |  | 34.00 |  |  |  | 34.00 |  |  | Samcheok
INKOTECH, INC.(*1) |  | Electricity generation and sales |  |  | 10.00 |  |  |  | 10.00 |  |  | Seoul
PCC Social Enterprise Fund II(*1) |  | Investment in new technologies business |  |  | 16.67 |  |  |  | 16.67 |  |  | Seoul
PCC-Conar No.1 Fund(*1) |  | Investment in new technologies business |  |  | 14.88 |  |  |  | 14.88 |  |  | Pohang
HYOCHUN Co., Ltd(*1) |  | Screen door operation |  |  | 18.00 |  |  |  | 18.00 |  |  | Seoul
IBKC-PCC 1st Fund(*1) |  | Investment in new technologies business |  |  | 18.18 |  |  |  | 18.18 |  |  | Pohang
PCC-Woori LP secondary Fund(*1) |  | Investment in new technologies business |  |  | 18.85 |  |  |  | 18.85 |  |  | Pohang
Link City PFV Inc. |  | Contruction, housing construction and sales |  |  | 44.00 |  |  |  | 44.00 |  |  | Uijeongbu
BNH-POSCO Bio Healthcare Fund(*1) |  | Investment in new technologies business |  |  | 18.14 |  |  |  | 18.14 |  |  | Pohang
PCC-BM Project Fund(*1) |  | Investment in new technologies business |  |  | 8.77 |  |  |  | 8.77 |  |  | Pohang
Energy Innovation Fund I(*1) |  | Investment in new technologies business |  |  | 10.11 |  |  |  | 10.11 |  |  | Pohang
Consus PS development Professional Private Real Estate Fund |  | Real estate development |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  | Seoul
POSTECH Holdings 4th Fund |  | Private Investment Association |  |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | 40.00 |  |  | Pohang
SNU STH IP Fund |  | Private Investment Association |  |  | 33.33 |  |  |  | 33.33 |  |  | Seoul
G&G Technology Innovation Fund No.1(*1) |  | Investment in new technologies business |  |  | 13.97 |  |  |  | 13.97 |  |  | Seongnam
PCC-KAI Secondary I Fund(*1) |  | Investment in new technologies business |  |  | 19.12 |  |  |  | 19.14 |  |  | Seoul
2021 PCC Bio New Technology Fund(*1) |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | 5.45 |  |  |  | 5.45 |  |  | Pohang
Consus BG Private Real Estate Fund No.2 |  | Real estate development |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  | Seoul
Consus NewDeal Infra Development Specialized Private Special Asset Investment Trust 1 |  | Investment Association |  |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | 40.00 |  |  | Seoul
Hybrid ESG Secondary Venture No.1(*1) |  | Investment Association |  |  | 18.27 |  |  |  | 18.27 |  |  | Pohang
PCC-Bailey Project Fund(*1) |  | Investment in new technologies business |  |  | 7.27 |  |  |  | 7.27 |  |  | Pohang
CR Inotech Co., Ltd.(*1) |  | Manufacturing |  |  | 19.00 |  |  |  | 19.00 |  |  | Gwangyang
Posco JK Solid Solution Co., ltd. |  | Material manufacturing for rechargeable battery |  |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | 40.00 |  |  | Yangsan
PCC-Xinova PRE-IPO Fund(*1) |  | Investment in new technologies business |  |  | 0.91 |  |  |  | 0.91 |  |  | Pohang
Consus OS Private Real Estate Fund 2 |  | Real estate development |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  | Seoul
C&P Advanced Material Technology Co., Ltd. |  | Precursor manufacturing and sales |  |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | 20.00 |  |  | Pohang
P&O Chemical Co., Ltd(*4) |  | Chemical production |  |  | 51.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  | —
FEWM CO., LTD.(*2) |  | Industrial gas production |  |  | — |  |  |  | 40.00 |  |  | Yongin
Gyeongbuk-Posco Innovative growth Venture Fund(*2) |  | Investment in new technologies business |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24.73 |  |  | Seoul
[Foreign] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
POSCHROME (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED |  | Raw material manufacturing and sales |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  | South Africa
CAML RESOURCES PTY LTD |  | Raw material manufacturing and sales |  |  | 33.34 |  |  |  | 33.34 |  |  | Australia
PT. Wampu Electric Power |  | Construction and civil engineering |  |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | 20.00 |  |  | Indonesia
POSK(Pinghu) Steel Processing Center Co., Ltd. |  | Steel processing and sales |  |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | 20.00 |  |  | China
PT.INDONESIA POS CHEMTECH CHOSUN Ref |  | Refractory manufacturing and sales |  |  | 30.19 |  |  |  | 30.19 |  |  | Indonesia
NS-Thainox Auto Co., Ltd. |  | Stainless sales and transporting |  |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | 49.00 |  |  | Thailand
PT. Tanggamus Electric Power(*1) |  | Construction and civil engineering |  |  | 17.50 |  |  |  | 17.50 |  |  | Indonesia
LLP POSUK Titanium |  | Titanium manufacturing and sales |  |  | 35.30 |  |  |  | 35.30 |  |  | Kazakhstan
IMFA ALLOYS FINLEASE LTD |  | Raw material manufacturing and sales |  |  | 24.00 |  |  |  | 24.00 |  |  | India
KRAKATAU POS-CHEM DONG-SUH CHEMICAL(*1) |  | Chemical by-product manufacturing and sales |  |  | 19.00 |  |  |  | 19.00 |  |  | Indonesia
9404-5515 Quebec Inc. |  | Investments management |  |  | 25.85 |  |  |  | 25.85 |  |  | Canada
Hamparan Mulya |  | Resource development |  |  | 45.00 |  |  |  | 45.00 |  |  | Indonesia
|  |  |  | Ownership (%) |  |  | Region
Investee |  | Category of business |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |
[Foreign] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
POS-SEAHSTEELWIRE(TIANJIN)CO.,Ltd. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | 25.00 |  |  | China
POSCO SeAH Steel Wire(Nantong) Co., Ltd. |  | Steel processing and sales |  |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | 25.00 |  |  | China
POS-SeAH Steel Wire (Thailand) Co., Ltd. |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | 25.00 |  |  | Thailand
Jupiter Mines Limited(*1) |  | Resource development |  |  | 6.89 |  |  |  | 6.89 |  |  | Australia
SAMHWAN VINA CO., LTD(*1) |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | 17.26 |  |  |  | 17.26 |  |  | Vietnam
Saudi-Korean Company for Maintenance Properties Management LLC(*1) |  | Building management |  |  | 19.00 |  |  |  | 19.00 |  |  | Saudi Arabia
NCR LLC |  | Coal sales |  |  | 22.05 |  |  |  | 22.05 |  |  | Canada
AMCI (WA) PTY LTD |  | Iron ore sales & mine development |  |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | 49.00 |  |  | Australia
SHANGHAI LANSHENG DAEWOO CORP. |  | Trading |  |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | 49.00 |  |  | China
SHANGHAI WAIGAOQIAO FREE TRADE ZONE LANSHENG DAEWOO IN’L TRADING CO., LTD. |  | Trading |  |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | 49.00 |  |  | China
General Medicines Company Ltd. |  | Medicine manufacturing and sales |  |  | 33.00 |  |  |  | 33.00 |  |  | Sudan
KOREA LNG LTD. |  | Gas production and sales |  |  | 20.00 |  |  |  | 20.00 |  |  | England
AES-VCM Mong Duong Power Company Limited(*4) |  | Electricity generation |  |  | 30.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  | —
South-East Asia Gas Pipeline Company Ltd. |  | Pipeline construction and management |  |  | 25.04 |  |  |  | 25.04 |  |  | Myanmar
GLOBAL KOMSCO Daewoo LLC |  | Cotton celluloid manufacturing and sales |  |  | 35.00 |  |  |  | 35.00 |  |  | Uzbekistan
POSCO-Poggenamp Electrical Steel Pvt. Ltd.(*4) |  | Steel processing and sales |  |  | 26.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  | —
Qingdao Pohang DGENX Stainless SteelPipeCo., Ltd |  | Exhaust meter manufacturing |  |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | 40.00 |  |  | China
SHINPOONG DAEWOO PHARMA VIETNAM CO.,LTD(*4) |  | Medicine production |  |  | 3.42 |  |  |  | — |  |  | —
ZHEJIANG HUAYOU-POSCO ESM CO., LTD |  | Anode material Production |  |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | 40.00 |  |  | China
MONG DUONG FINANCE HOLDINGS B.V.(*4) |  | Financial Holdings |  |  | 30.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  | —
FQM Australia Holdings Pty Ltd |  | Non-ferrous metal Mining |  |  | 24.32 |  |  |  | 24.32 |  |  | Australia
Qingdao ZhongShou New Energy Technology Co.,Ltd(*1) |  | Artificial Graphite manufacturing |  |  | 13.00 |  |  |  | 13.00 |  |  | China
Black Rock Mining LTD(*1) |  | Mining |  |  | 10.07 |  |  |  | 7.45 |  |  | Australia
Inner Mongolia Sinuo New Material Technology Co.,Ltd(*1) |  | Artificial Graphite manufacturing |  |  | 12.85 |  |  |  | 10.12 |  |  | China
ZHANGJIAGANG XIAO-SHA COIL SERVICE CENTER CO.,LTD(*1) |  | Steel processing and sales |  |  | 17.50 |  |  |  | 17.50 |  |  | China
AJI Marketing and Sales, LLC(*3) |  | Coal sales |  |  | 22.05 |  |  |  | — |  |  | —
M RES NSW HCC II Pty Ltd(*2)(*5) |  | Mining |  |  | — |  |  |  | 92.31 |  |  | Australia
POSCO FLOW Holdings(Thailand) Co., Ltd(*2) |  | Logistics |  |  | — |  |  |  | 49.00 |  |  | Thailand
Posco Flow(Thailand) Co., Ltd(*2) |  | Logistics |  |  | — |  |  |  | 49.00 |  |  | Thailand
(*1) | The Company has determined that it has significant influence even though the Company’s percentage of ownership is less than 20% considering the composition of board of directors.
(*2) | During the year ended December 31, 2025, the entities were included as associates.
(*3) | During the year ended December 31, 2025, the entity was excluded from associates due to liquidation.
(*4) | During the year ended December 31, 2025, the entities were excluded from associates due to sale of interest.
(*5) | Although the Company holds a majority equity interest as of December 31, 2025, it has determined that it has significant influence considering its representation on the board of directors, and thus classified it as an investment in an associate.
Details of Joint Ventures |
| 2) | Joint ventures
Details of joint ventures as of December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:
|  |  |  | Ownership (%) |  |  |  |
Investee |  | Category of business |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | Region |
[Domestic] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
POSCO MC MATERIALS |  | Steel processing and sales |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | 60.00 |  |  |  | Gwangyang |
SNNC |  | Raw material manufacturing and sales |  |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | Gwangyang |
POSCO-KB Shipbuilding Restructuring Fund |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | 18.75 |  |  |  | 18.75 |  |  |  | Seoul |
POSCO-NSC Venture Fund |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | 16.67 |  |  |  | 16.67 |  |  |  | Seoul |
PoscoPlutus Project 3rd Project fund |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | 5.96 |  |  |  | 5.96 |  |  |  | Seoul |
PCC Bio 2nd Fund |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | 19.72 |  |  |  | 19.72 |  |  |  | Seoul |
Union PCC Portfolio Fund |  | Investment in new technologies |  |  | 14.12 |  |  |  | 14.12 |  |  |  | Seoul |
Eco Energy Solution Co., ltd. |  | Service |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Seoul |
FLOW K CO., Ltd.(*1) |  | Logistics and warehousing |  |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
[Foreign] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
KOBRASCO |  | Steel materials manufacturing and sales |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | Brazil |
BX STEEL POSCO Cold Rolled Sheet Co., Ltd. |  | Steel processing and sales |  |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | 25.00 |  |  |  | China |
POSCO-SAMSUNG-Slovakia Processing Center |  | Steel processing and sales |  |  | 30.00 |  |  |  | 30.00 |  |  |  | Slovakia |
YULCHON MEXICO S.A. DE C.V. |  | Tube for automobile manufacturing |  |  | 11.85 |  |  |  | 11.85 |  |  |  | Mexico |
Hyunson Engineering & Construction HYENCO |  | Construction |  |  | 4.89 |  |  |  | 4.89 |  |  |  | Algeria |
POSCO E&C Saudi Arabia |  | Civil engineering and construction |  |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | 40.00 |  |  |  | Saudi Arabia |
Pos-Austem Suzhou Automotive Co., Ltd |  | Automotive parts manufacturing |  |  | 19.90 |  |  |  | 19.90 |  |  |  | China |
POS-InfraAuto (Suzhou) Co., Ltd |  | Automotive parts manufacturing |  |  | 16.20 |  |  |  | 16.20 |  |  |  | China |
POS-AUSTEM YANTAI AUTOMOTIVE CO., LTD |  | Automotive parts manufacturing |  |  | 11.10 |  |  |  | 11.10 |  |  |  | China |
POS-AUSTEM WUHAN AUTOMOTIVE CO., LTD |  | Automotive parts manufacturing |  |  | 7.43 |  |  |  | 7.43 |  |  |  | China |
DMSA/AMSA |  | Energy & resource development |  |  | 3.89 |  |  |  | 3.89 |  |  |  | Madagascar |
Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd |  | Energy & resource development |  |  | 12.50 |  |  |  | 12.50 |  |  |  | Australia |
POSCO-NPS Niobium LLC |  | Mine development |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | USA |
HBIS-POSCO Automotive Steel Co., Ltd |  | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | 50.00 |  |  |  | China |
PT NICOLE METAL INDUSTRY |  | Nickel smelting |  |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | Indonesia |
Hydrogen Duqm LLC |  | Green hydrogen/Ammonia product business development |  |  | 44.80 |  |  |  | 44.80 |  |  |  | Oman |
Nickel Mining Company SAS |  | Raw material manufacturing and sales |  |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | 49.00 |  |  |  | New Caledonia |
(*1) | The entity was reclassified as a subsidiary during the year ended December 31, 2025 as a result of the acquisition of additional equity interest.
Consolidated Subsidiaries Acquired or Newly Established |
(f) | New subsidiaries
Consolidated subsidiaries acquired or newly established during the year ended December 31, 2025 are as follows:
Company |  | Date of addition |  | Ownership (%) |  |  | Reason
POSCO DEEPTECH IP FUND |  | June 2025 |  |  | 60.00 |  |  | New establishment
FUTURE GRAPH CO., LTD. |  | June 2025 |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | New establishment
CHEMGAS KOREA CO.,LTD |  | July 2025 |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Acquisition
POSCO-EVER NEW MEDICAL Investment Fund |  | July 2025 |  |  | 60.00 |  |  | New establishment
POSCO Stainless Precision & Processing |  | August 2025 |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | New establishment
POSCO INTERNATIONAL CVC 1st Fund |  | August 2025 |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | New establishment
POSCO CVC 1st Fund |  | August 2025 |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | New establishment
New Zero 2nd Co., Ltd. |  | September 2025 |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | Acquisition
POSCO DX CVC 1st Fund |  | September 2025 |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | New establishment
POSCO Group AC Fund I |  | September 2025 |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | New establishment
POSCO Safety Solution |  | September 2025 |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | New establishment
Startup Korea Posco group Openinnovation Fund |  | November 2025 |  |  | 70.00 |  |  | New establishment
POSCO INTERNATIONAL ALASKA ENERGY LLC |  | November 2025 |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | New establishment
FLOW K CO., Ltd. |  | November 2025 |  |  | 70.00 |  |  | Transfer from associate to subsidiary
POSCO FLOW VIETNAM CO., LTD |  | December 2025 |  |  | 100.00 |  |  | New establishment
PT. Prime Agri Resources |  | December 2025 |  |  | 65.72 |  |  | Acquisition
Subsidiaries That Were Excluded From Consolidation |
(g) | Loss of control
Subsidiaries for which the Company has lost control during the year ended December 31, 2025 are as follows:
Company |  | Date of exclusion |  | Reason
SANPU TRADING Co., Ltd. |  | May 2025 |  | Liquidation
New Energy Hub |  | June 2025 |  | Merger
POSCO CNGR Nickel Solution |  | July 2025 |  | Liquidation
POSCO E&C Vietnam Co., Ltd. |  | August 2025 |  | Divestiture
SK SOLRA POWER GENERATION COPORATION |  | August 2025 |  | Divestiture
POSCO (Suzhou) Steel Processing Center Co., LTD |  | October 2025 |  | Liquidation
SUZHOU POSCO-CORE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD |  | December 2025 |  | Divestiture
Mastern No.123 Yeoju Samgyo PFV CO., Ltd |  | December 2025 |  | Divestiture
POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION DO BRAZIL LTDA |  | December 2025 |  | Liquidation
Consus Private Real Estate Fund 2 |  | December 2025 |  | Liquidation
Consus Pf Private Real Estate Fund No.2 |  | December 2025 |  | Liquidation

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