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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2025
TextBlock 1 [Abstract] |
Summary of Income Tax Expense |
(a) | Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |
Current income taxes(*1) |  | ￦ | 802,997 |  |  |  | 598,276 |  |  |  | 665,415 |
Deferred income tax due to temporary differences |  |  | 3,631 |  |  |  | (332,431 | ) |  |  | 54,613 |
Items recognized directly in equity |  |  | (17,261 | ) |  |  | 55,109 |  |  |  | (107,893 | )
Income tax expense |  | ￦ | 789,367 |  |  |  | 320,954 |  |  |  | 612,135 |
(*1) | Refund (additional payment) of income taxes as a result of a final corporation tax return, tax audits and others credited (charged) directly to current income taxes.
Income Tax Credit (Charged) Directly to Equity |
(b) | The income taxes credited (charged) directly to equity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |
Net changes in fair value of equity investments at fair value through other comprehensive income(*1) |  | ￦ | (71,600 | ) |  |  | 41,999 |  |  |  | (129,758 | )
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans(*1) |  |  | 34,406 |  |  |  | 27,261 |  |  |  | 15,475 |
Others |  |  | 19,933 |  |  |  | (14,151 | ) |  |  | 6,390 |
|  | ￦ | (17,261 | ) |  |  | 55,109 |  |  |  | (107,893 | )
(*1) | Those amounts were recognized in other comprehensive income.
Reconciliation of Calculated Income Tax Expense Based on the Statutory Rate to Actual Amount of Taxes Recorded |
| (c) | The following table reconciles the calculated income tax expense based on POSCO’s statutory rate (26.4%, 26.4% and 26.75% for 2023 , 2024 and 202 5 ) to the actual amount of taxes recorded by the Company for the years ended December 31, 2023 , 2024 and 202 5 .
(in millions of Won) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |
Profit before income taxes |  | ￦ | 2,635,426 |  |  |  | 1,326,230 |  |  |  | 1,139,158 |
Income tax expense computed at statutory rate |  |  | 685,381 |  |  |  | 303,124 |  |  |  | 348,803 |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax credits |  |  | (82,233 | ) |  |  | (22,122 | ) |  |  | (35,757 | )
Additional income tax expense for prior years (Refund of taxes for prior years) |  |  | 152,656 |  |  |  | (77,482 | ) |  |  | (41,631 | )
Investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures |  |  | 146,498 |  |  |  | 107,197 |  |  |  | (1,691 | )
Tax effects due to permanent differences |  |  | (3,011 | ) |  |  | (3,801 | ) |  |  | 9,010 |
Carryforward of unused tax losses(*1) |  |  | (126,110 | ) |  |  | (19,545 | ) |  |  | (3,418 | )
Effect of tax rate change |  |  | 4,998 |  |  |  | 7,368 |  |  |  | 253,132 |
Others |  |  | 11,188 |  |  |  | 26,215 |  |  |  | 83,687 |
|  |  | 103,986 |  |  |  | 17,830 |  |  |  | 263,332 |
Income tax expense |  | ￦ | 789,367 |  |  |  | 320,954 |  |  |  | 612,135 |
Effective tax rate (%) |  |  | 29.95 | % |  |  | 24.20 | % |  |  | 53.74 | %
(*1) | During the year ended December 31, 2023, POSCO HOLDINGS INC. recognized tax benefits of ￦ 122,922 million from utilizing tax losses carryforwards of a joint venture upon disposal of the joint venture.
Movements in Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities) |
(d) | The movements in deferred tax assets (liabilities) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025 were as follows:
(in millions of Won) |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |
|  | Beginning |  |  | Inc. (Dec.) |  |  | Ending |  |  | Beginning |  |  | Inc. (Dec.) |  |  | Ending |
Deferred income tax due to temporary differences |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | ￦ | 156,608 |  |  |  | 30,864 |  |  |  | 187,472 |  |  |  | 187,472 |  |  |  | 88,053 |  |  |  | 275,525 |
PP&E and Intangible asset(*1) |  |  | 239,702 |  |  |  | 47,225 |  |  |  | 286,927 |  |  |  | 286,927 |  |  |  | (859,828 | ) |  |  | (572,901 | )
Share of profit or loss of equity-accounted investees |  |  | 290,919 |  |  |  | (5,965 | ) |  |  | 284,954 |  |  |  | 284,954 |  |  |  | 27,420 |  |  |  | 312,374 |
Allowance for inventories valuation |  |  | 63,187 |  |  |  | (28,338 | ) |  |  | 34,849 |  |  |  | 34,849 |  |  |  | (18,580 | ) |  |  | 16,269 |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 13,553 |  |  |  | 1,389 |  |  |  | 14,942 |  |  |  | 14,942 |  |  |  | (869 | ) |  |  | 14,073 |
Gain or loss on foreign currency translation |  |  | 143,239 |  |  |  | 74,341 |  |  |  | 217,580 |  |  |  | 217,580 |  |  |  | (94,052 | ) |  |  | 123,528 |
Defined benefit liabilities |  |  | (3,534 | ) |  |  | 12,664 |  |  |  | 9,130 |  |  |  | 9,130 |  |  |  | 26,705 |  |  |  | 35,835 |
Provision for construction losses |  |  | 11,669 |  |  |  | 668 |  |  |  | 12,337 |  |  |  | 12,337 |  |  |  | 15,340 |  |  |  | 27,677 |
Provision for construction warranty |  |  | 45,723 |  |  |  | (2,482 | ) |  |  | 43,241 |  |  |  | 43,241 |  |  |  | 2,428 |  |  |  | 45,669 |
Accrued income |  |  | (21,271 | ) |  |  | 6,712 |  |  |  | (14,559 | ) |  |  | (14,559 | ) |  |  | (25,991 | ) |  |  | (40,550 | )
Provision for accelerated depreciation(*1) |  |  | (2,660,730 | ) |  |  | 33,443 |  |  |  | (2,627,287 | ) |  |  | (1,091,668 | ) |  |  | 646,835 |  |  |  | (444,833 | )
Spin-off(*1) |  |  | 1,536,177 |  |  |  | (558 | ) |  |  | 1,535,619 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Impairment loss on AFS |  |  | 94,317 |  |  |  | (29,506 | ) |  |  | 64,811 |  |  |  | 64,811 |  |  |  | 7,576 |  |  |  | 72,387 |
Difference in acquisition costs of treasury shares |  |  | 43,741 |  |  |  | (9,513 | ) |  |  | 34,228 |  |  |  | 34,228 |  |  |  | (13,736 | ) |  |  | 20,492 |
Others |  |  | 159,102 |  |  |  | (40,486 | ) |  |  | 118,616 |  |  |  | 118,616 |  |  |  | 165,854 |  |  |  | 284,470 |
|  |  | 112,402 |  |  |  | 90,458 |  |  |  | 202,860 |  |  |  | 202,860 |  |  |  | (32,845 | ) |  |  | 170,015 |
(in millions of Won) |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |
|  | Beginning |  |  | Inc. (Dec.) |  |  | Ending |  |  | Beginning |  |  | Inc. (Dec.) |  |  | Ending |
Deferred income taxes recognized directly to equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net changes in fair value of equity investments at fair value through other comprehensive income |  |  | (35,572 | ) |  |  | 47,453 |  |  |  | 11,881 |  |  |  | 11,881 |  |  |  | (129,758 | ) |  |  | (117,877 | )
Others |  |  | 47,288 |  |  |  | 13,110 |  |  |  | 60,398 |  |  |  | 60,398 |  |  |  | 21,866 |  |  |  | 82,264 |
|  |  | 11,716 |  |  |  | 60,563 |  |  |  | 72,279 |  |  |  | 72,279 |  |  |  | (107,892 | ) |  |  | (35,613 | )
Deferred tax from tax credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax credit carry-forward and others |  |  | 253,559 |  |  |  | 130,817 |  |  |  | 384,376 |  |  |  | 384,376 |  |  |  | 148,700 |  |  |  | 533,076 |
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures |  |  | 217,686 |  |  |  | 50,594 |  |  |  | 268,280 |  |  |  | 268,280 |  |  |  | (62,576 | ) |  |  | 205,704 |
|  | ￦ | 595,363 |  |  |  | 332,432 |  |  |  | 927,795 |  |  |  | 927,795 |  |  |  | (54,613 | ) |  |  | 873,182 |
(*1) | During the year ended December 31, 2025, following the application of the consolidated tax return system, the Company determined that it has a legally enforceable right and intends to offset deferred tax assets and liabilities, and they relate to the same tax authority. Accordingly, the related amounts have been presented on a net basis.
Summary of Deferred Tax Assets And Liabilities |
(e) | Deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:
(in millions of Won) |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |
|  | Assets |  |  | Liabilities |  |  | Net |  |  | Assets |  |  | Liabilities |  |  | Net |
Deferred income tax due to temporary differences |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | ￦ | 187,522 |  |  |  | (50 | ) |  |  | 187,472 |  |  |  | 275,547 |  |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | 275,525 |
PP&E and Intangible asset |  |  | 381,583 |  |  |  | (94,656 | ) |  |  | 286,927 |  |  |  | 569,256 |  |  |  | (1,142,157 | ) |  |  | (572,901 | )
Share of profit or loss of equity-accounted investees |  |  | 297,596 |  |  |  | (12,642 | ) |  |  | 284,954 |  |  |  | 325,925 |  |  |  | (13,551 | ) |  |  | 312,374 |
Allowance for inventories valuation |  |  | 34,849 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 34,849 |  |  |  | 16,269 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,269 |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 16,366 |  |  |  | (1,424 | ) |  |  | 14,942 |  |  |  | 14,313 |  |  |  | (240 | ) |  |  | 14,073 |
Gain or loss on foreign currency translation |  |  | 222,220 |  |  |  | (4,640 | ) |  |  | 217,580 |  |  |  | 142,708 |  |  |  | (19,180 | ) |  |  | 123,528 |
Defined benefit liabilities |  |  | 612,680 |  |  |  | (603,550 | ) |  |  | 9,130 |  |  |  | 614,728 |  |  |  | (578,893 | ) |  |  | 35,835 |
Provision for construction losses |  |  | 12,337 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,337 |  |  |  | 27,677 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27,677 |
Provision for construction warranty |  |  | 43,241 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 43,241 |  |  |  | 45,669 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 45,669 |
Accrued income |  |  | — |  |  |  | (14,559 | ) |  |  | (14,559 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (40,550 | ) |  |  | (40,550 | )
Provision for accelerated depreciation |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,627,287 | ) |  |  | (2,627,287 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (444,833 | ) |  |  | (444,833 | )
Spin-off |  |  | 1,538,619 |  |  |  | (3,000 | ) |  |  | 1,535,619 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Impairment loss on AFS |  |  | 64,811 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 64,811 |  |  |  | 72,387 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 72,387 |
Difference in acquisition costs of treasury shares |  |  | 34,228 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 34,228 |  |  |  | 20,492 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20,492 |
Others |  |  | 203,111 |  |  |  | (84,495 | ) |  |  | 118,616 |  |  |  | 382,584 |  |  |  | (98,114 | ) |  |  | 284,470 |
|  |  | 3,649,163 |  |  |  | (3,446,303 | ) |  |  | 202,860 |  |  |  | 2,507,555 |  |  |  | (2,337,540 | ) |  |  | 170,015 |
Deferred income taxes recognized directly to equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net changes in fair value of equity investments at fair value through other comprehensive income |  |  | 59,666 |  |  |  | (47,785 | ) |  |  | 11,881 |  |  |  | 48,881 |  |  |  | (166,758 | ) |  |  | (117,877 | )
Others |  |  | 67,722 |  |  |  | (7,324 | ) |  |  | 60,398 |  |  |  | 87,824 |  |  |  | (5,560 | ) |  |  | 82,264 |
|  |  | 127,388 |  |  |  | (55,109 | ) |  |  | 72,279 |  |  |  | 136,705 |  |  |  | (172,318 | ) |  |  | (35,613 | )
(in millions of Won) |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |
|  | Assets |  |  | Liabilities |  |  | Net |  |  | Assets |  |  | Liabilities |  |  | Net |
Deferred tax from tax credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax credit carry-forward and others |  |  | 384,376 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 384,376 |  |  |  | 533,076 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 533,076 |
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures |  |  | 544,482 |  |  |  | (276,202 | ) |  |  | 268,280 |  |  |  | 527,879 |  |  |  | (322,175 | ) |  |  | 205,704 |
|  | ￦ | 4,705,409 |  |  |  | (3,777,614 | ) |  |  | 927,795 |  |  |  | 3,705,215 |  |  |  | (2,832,033 | ) |  |  | 873,182 |
(f) | As of December 31, 2025, deductible temporary differences of ￦ 5,856,845 million and taxable temporary differences of ￦ 11,718,879 million related to investments in subsidiaries and associates were not recognized as deferred tax assets or liabilities because it is not probable that they will reverse in the foreseeable future.
(g) | The Company recognized current tax payable or receivable at the amount expected to be paid or received that reflects uncertainty related to income taxes.
(h) | Application of the consolidated tax return system
From the year ended December 31, 2025, the controlling company applies the consolidated tax return system, under which the controlling company and its domestic subsidiaries are treated as a single tax unit for income tax purposes. As the consolidated parent entity, the controlling company is responsible for filing the tax return and paying the income tax on behalf of the consolidated group and subsequently collects the respective tax amounts from each domestic subsidiary.
Summary of Current Income Tax Liabilities | Current income tax liabilities recognized for the year ended December 31, 2025 in relation to the consolidated tax return system are as follows:
(in millions of Won) |  | 2025 |
Current income tax liabilities(*1) |  | ￦ | 72,405 |
(*1) | Calculated and recognized based on the application of the consolidated tax return system for the year ended December 31, 2025.

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