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Revenue - Contract

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

29.	Revenue – Contract Balances

(a)	Details of outstanding contracts as of December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:


(in millions of Won)	2024			2025
Accumulated cost	￦	28,057,329			15,689,709
Accumulated contract profit		1,935,732			1,165,262
Accumulated contract loss		(709,097	)		(729,880	)
Accumulated contract revenue		29,283,964			16,125,091

(b)	Details of due from customers for contract work and due to customers for contract work as of December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:


(in millions of Won)	2024			2025
Due from customers for contract work	￦	1,487,559			1,580,558
Due to customers for contract work		(452,839	)		(727,902	)

	￦	1,034,720			852,656

(c)	Details of provisions of construction loss as of December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:


(in millions of Won)	2024		2025
Infrastructure-Construction segment	￦	52,492		113,391
Others		857		915

	￦	53,349		114,306

(d)	For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025, the total contract revenues and the estimated total contract costs have changed and the impact of such changes on profit before income tax for the current and future periods are as follows:


(in millions of Won)	2023			2024			2025
Changes in total contract revenues	￦	1,362,828			1,346,547			1,198,301
Changes in estimated total contract costs		1,419,726			1,578,811			1,242,208
Changes in profit before income taxes of construction contract :
- Current period		(91,397	)		(314,409	)		(410,413	)
- Future periods		34,499			82,145			366,506

The above details of impact on profit for the current and future periods are calculated based on the total contract costs estimated considering the events that occurred for the period from the commencement dates of the contracts to December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025 and the estimated total contract revenue as of December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025. The estimated total contract costs and revenue are subject to change in future periods.

(e)	As of December 31, 2025, revenue expected to be recognized in the future in relation to performance obligations that have not been fulfilled (or partially fulfilled) is as follows:


(in millions of Won)	2026		2027		2028		After 2029		Total
Expected revenue	￦	7,319,357		5,242,014		2,928,964		2,330,608		17,820,943

(f)	Uncertainty of estimates

Total contract revenues

Total contract revenues are measured based on contractual amount initially agreed. However, the contract revenues can increase due to additional contract work, claims and incentive payments, or decrease due to penalty when the completion of contract is delayed due to the Company’s fault. Therefore, this measurement of contract revenues is affected by the uncertainty of the occurrence of future events.

Total contract costs

Contract revenues are recognized based on the percentage of completion, which is measured on the basis of the gross cost amount incurred to date. Total contract costs are estimated based on

estimates of future material costs, labor costs, outsourcing costs and others. There is an uncertainty in estimates on future contract costs due to various internal and external factors such as fluctuation of market, the risk of business partner and the experience of project performance and others. The significant assumptions including uncertainty of the estimate of total contract costs are as follows:


		Inputs used
Material cost		Based on recent purchasing price at market price
Labor cost		Based on average monthly and daily labor cost
Outsourcing cost		Based on historical cost over similar project and actual contractual rate

Management reviews estimated contract costs at each reporting period end and adjusts them, if necessary.