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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Summary of Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

(a)	Goodwill and other intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:


	2024										2025
(in millions of Won)	Acquisition cost		Accumulated amortization and impairment loss			Government grants			Book value		Acquisition cost		Accumulated amortization and impairment loss			Government grants			Book value
Goodwill	￦	1,722,390		(1,364,539	)		—			357,851		2,191,311		(1,364,539	)		—			826,772
Intellectual property rights		5,670,769		(2,423,252	)		—			3,247,517		6,119,689		(2,744,031	)		—			3,375,658
Membership		137,619		(1,511	)		—			136,108		141,506		(2,268	)		—			139,238
Development expense		742,816		(647,701	)		(74	)		95,041		903,361		(702,608	)		—			200,753
Port facilities usage rights		681,530		(513,534	)		—			167,996		681,530		(528,378	)		—			153,152
Exploration and evaluation assets		276,599		(161,290	)		—			115,309		322,795		(175,782	)		—			147,013
Development assets		86,792		(81	)		—			86,711		83,664		(323	)		—			83,341
Customer relationships		859,035		(713,336	)		—			145,699		871,650		(755,404	)		—			116,246
Other intangible assets		1,240,979		(818,341	)		(46	)		422,592		1,283,895		(832,388	)		(151	)		451,356

	￦	11,418,529		(6,643,585	)		(120	)		4,774,824		12,599,401		(7,105,721	)		(151	)		5,493,529

Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

(b)	Changes in carrying amount of goodwill and other intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:

For the year ended December 31, 2024


(in millions of Won)	Beginning		Acquisitions		Business combination		Disposals			Amortization			Impairment loss			Others(* 2)			Ending
Goodwill	￦	403,172		—		282		—			—			(46,958	)		1,355			357,851
Intellectual property rights		3,029,651		353,175		—		(240	)		(272,730	)		—			137,661			3,247,517
Membership(* 1)		138,184		1,716		—		(4,179	)		(180	)		29			538			136,108
Development expense		126,818		15,913		—		(22	)		(63,684	)		(692	)		16,708			95,041
Port facilities usage rights		182,411		—		—		—			(14,415	)		—			—			167,996
Exploratation and evaluation assets		163,446		21,024		—		—			—			—			(69,161	)		115,309
Development assets		10,235		543		—		—			(76	)		—			76,009			86,711
Customer relationships		196,895		—		—		—			(44,478	)		—			(6,718	)		145,699
Other intangible assets		463,972		118,563		—		(102,012	)		(58,126	)		(252	)		447			422,592

	￦	4,714,784		510,934		282		(106,453)			(453,689)			(47,873)			156,839			4,774,824

(*1)	Estimated useful life of membership is indefinite.

(*2)	Represents assets transferred from construction-in-progress to intangible asset and assets transferred from property, plant and equipment, adjustments of foreign currency translation difference and others.

2)	For the year ended December 31, 2025


(in millions of Won)	Beginning		Acquisitions		Business combination(*3)		Disposals			Amortization			Impairment loss			Others(*2)			Ending
Goodwill	￦	357,851		—		466,537		(461	)		—			—			2,845			826,772
Intellectual property rights		3,247,517		377,414		—		(4	)		(289,446	)		(30,426	)		70,603			3,375,658
Membership(*1)		136,108		7,243		—		(4,892	)		(238	)		(519	)		1,536			139,238
Development expense		95,041		12,089		—		—			(50,481	)		(6,124	)		150,228			200,753
Port facilities usage rights		167,996		—		—		—			(14,844	)		—			—			153,152
Exploratation and evaluation assets		115,309		44,097		—		(22	)		—			(14,548	)		2,177			147,013
Development assets		86,711		—		—		—			—			—			(3,370	)		83,341
Customer relationships		145,699		—		—		—			(42,068	)		—			12,615			116,246
Other intangible assets		422,592		162,142		88,338		(563	)		(68,858	)		(1	)		(152,294	)		451,356

	￦	4,774,824		602,985		554,875		(5,942	)		(465,935	)		(51,618	)		84,340			5,493,529

(*1)	Estimated useful life of membership is indefinite.

(*2)	Represents assets transferred from construction-in-progress to intangible asset and assets transferred from property, plant and equipment, adjustments of foreign currency translation difference and others.

(*3)	During the year ended December 31, 2025, as entities such as PT. Prime Agri Resources were consolidated as subsidiaries, the Company included the resulting increase in goodwill and other intangible assets in business combination.

Allocation of Goodwill to Individually Operating Entities Which are Determined to be CGUs

(c)	The Company’s cash generating units (CGUs) and carrying amounts of goodwill allocated to CGUs as of December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:


(in millions of Won)		Total number of CGUs
Reportable segments		2024		2025		CGUs	2024		2025
Steel			9		9	CHEMGAS KOREA CO.,LTD.	￦	—		39,378
						POSCO Center Beijing		192		195
						Others		13,748		12,865
Infrastructure	Trading		5		6	POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation — Global Business Division(*1)		240,092		240,092
						POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation — Energy Division		26,471		26,471
						PT. Prime Agri Resources		—		425,529
						Others		8,205		9,374
	Construction		1		1	POSCO WIDE Co., Ltd		32,585		32,585
	Logistics and others		2		2	Shinan Green Energy Co., Ltd.		108		108
Rechargeable			3		3	POSCO FUTURE M CO., LTD		8,800		8,800
Battery						Posco Silicon Solution Co., Ltd		27,542		31,155
Materials						Zhangjiagang Pohang Refractions Co., Ltd.		108		108
Others			—		1	Others		—		112

			20		22		￦	357,851		826,772

(*1)

The recoverable amount of POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation – Global Business Division, a subsidiary in the Infrastructure – Trading segment, is determined based on its value in use by an independent external valuer. As of December 31, 2025, the value in use is estimated by applying a

5.51% (2024: 7.37%)

post-tax

discount rate to the future cash flows estimated based on management’s

5-year

business plan and terminal growth rate of 1.0% (2024: 1.0%) thereafter. The terminal growth rate does not exceed long-term growth rate of its industry. No impairment loss on goodwill was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2025 as the recoverable amount exceeded the carrying amount of the CGU.