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Financial Instruments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Statement [LineItems]  
Summary of Carrying Amount and Fair Values of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities by Fair value
(a)
Classification and fair value of financial instruments
 
  1)
The carrying amount and the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities by fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:
December 31, 2024
 
(in millions of Won)
         
Fair value
 
    
Book value
    
Level 1
    
Level 2
    
Level 3
    
Total
 
Financial assets
              
Fair value through profit or loss
              
Derivative assets
  
946,393        —         946,393        —         946,393  
Short-term financial instruments
     1,212,643        —         1,212,643        —         1,212,643  
Equity securities
     52,222        26,792        —         25,430        52,222  
Debt securities
     113,728        —         82,699        31,029        113,728  
Other securities
     762,177        —         —         762,177        762,177  
Derivative hedging instruments(*2)
     16,483        —         16,483        —         16,483  
Fair value through other comprehensive income
              
Equity securities
     1,119,322        703,181        —         416,141        1,119,322  
Assets held for sale
     604,439        604,439        —         —         604,439  
Financial assets measured at amortized cost(*1)
              
Cash and cash equivalents
     6,767,898        —         —         —         —   
Trade accounts and notes receivable
     9,374,086        —         —         —         —   
Other receivables
     2,739,523        —         —         —         —   
Debt securities
     402,644        —         —         —         —   
Deposit instruments
     6,445,428        —         —         —         —   
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
30,556,986        1,334,412        2,258,218        1,234,777        4,827,407  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Financial liabilities
              
Fair value through profit or loss
              
Derivative liabilities
  
105,187        —         105,187        —         105,187  
Borrowings
     39,053        39,053        —         —         39,053  
Derivative hedging instruments(*2)
     5,835        —         5,835        —         5,835  
Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost(*1)
              
Trade accounts and notes payable
     6,161,177        —         —         —         —   
Borrowings
     25,958,314        —         26,166,994        —         26,166,994  
Financial guarantee liabilities
     13,916        —         —         —         —   
Other payables
     3,895,526        —         —         —         —   
Other financial liabilities
     68,857        —         —         —         —   
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
36,247,865        39,053        26,278,016        —         26,317,069  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
(*1)
Fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured at amortized cost except borrowings approximates their carrying amounts.
 
(*2)
The Company applies fair value hedge accounting which uses forward contracts as hedging instrument in order to hedge the risk of changes in fair value of product prices regarding firm commitments or purchase commitments. Also, the Company applies cash flow hedge accounting which uses currency swap as hedging instrument in order to hedge the risk of interest rate and foreign exchange rate changes in foreign currency which influences cash flow from borrowings.
 
 
December 31, 2025

(in millions of Won)
  
 
 
  
Fair value
 
 
  
Book value
 
  
Level 1
 
  
Level 2
 
  
Level 3
 
  
Total
 
Financial assets
              
Fair value through profit or loss
              
Derivative assets
  
656,181        —         656,181        —         656,181  
Short-term financial instruments
     491,841        —         491,841        —         491,841  
Equity securities
     95,230        16,695        —         78,535        95,230  
Debt securities
     137,647        —         91,699        45,948        137,647  
Other securities
     696,148        —                696,148        696,148  
Derivative hedging instruments(*2)
     6,392        —         6,392        —         6,392  
Fair value through other comprehensive income
              
Equity securities
     1,626,209        1,158,867        28,682        438,660        1,626,209  
Assets held for sale
     7,276        —         7,276        —         7,276  
Financial assets measured at amortized cost(*1)
              
Cash and cash equivalents
     7,049,800        —         —         —         —   
Trade accounts and notes receivable
     9,633,285        —         —         —         —   
Other receivables
     3,335,169        —         —         —         —   
Debt securities
     962,120        —         —         —         —   
Deposit instruments
     7,167,658        —         —         —         —   
Assets held for sale
     2,238        —         —         —         —   
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
31,867,194        1,175,562        1,282,071        1,259,291        3,716,924  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Financial liabilities
              
Fair value through profit or loss
              
Derivative liabilities
  
41,131        —         41,129        —         41,129  
Borrowings
     44,509        44,509        —         —         44,509  
Derivative hedging instruments(*2)
     16,443        —         16,443        —         16,443  
Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost(*1)
              
Trade accounts and notes payable
     5,106,921        —         —         —         —   
Borrowings
     28,447,491        —         28,645,932        —         28,645,932  
Financial guarantee liabilities
     18,135        —         —         —         —   
Other payables
     4,075,379        —         —         —         —   
Other financial liabilities
     81,982        —         —         —         —   
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
37,831,991        44,509        28,703,504        —         28,748,013  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
(*1)
Fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured at amortized cost except borrowings approximates their carrying amounts.
(*2)
The Company applies hedge accounting which uses forward contracts as hedging instrument in order to hedge the risk of changes in fair value of product prices regarding firm commitments or purchase commitments. Also, the Company applies cash flow hedge accounting which uses currency swap as hedging instrument in order to hedge the risk of interest rate and foreign exchange rate changes in foreign currency which influences cash flow from borrowings.
Value Measurement Method and Significant but not Observable Inputs for the Financial Assets Classified as Fair Value Hierarchy Level 3
 
Value technique and significant but not observable inputs for the financial assets classified as fair value hierarchy Level 3 as of December 31, 2025 are as follows:
 
(in millions of Won)
 
Fair value
   
Valuation technique
 
Inputs
 
Range of inputs
 
Effect on fair value
assessment
with unobservable
input
Financial assets at fair value
 
524,552     Discounted cash flows   Growth rate   0% ~ 1.00%   As growth rate increases, fair value increases
      Discount rate   6.00% ~ 13.00%   As discount rate increases, fair value decreases
    51,734    
Proxy firm
valuation
method
  Price multiples   0.00 ~ 37.765   As price multiples increases, fair value increases
    93,831     Binomial option pricing model   Value of
underlying
asset
  USD 1,827,288 thousands   Fair value increases when
value of underlying asset increases
      Volatility   45%   Fair value increases when volatility increases
    589,174    
Asset value
approach
  —    —    — 
Sensitivity Analysis of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Classified as Level 3 of Fair Value Hierarchy
 
Sensitivity analysis of financial assets classified as Level 3 of fair value hierarchy
If other inputs remain constant as of December 31, 2025 and one of the significant but unobservable input is changed, the effect on fair value measurement is as follows:
 
(in millions of Won)
 
Input variable
  
Favorable
changes
    
Unfavorable
changes
 
Financial assets at fair value
  Fluctuation 0.5% of growth rate   
336        (302
  Fluctuation 0.5% of discount rate      3,474        (3,682
Fair Values of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
 
Changes in fair value of financial assets classified as Level 3 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025 were as follows:
 
(in millions of Won)
  
2024
    
2025
 
Beginning
  
875,091        1,234,777  
Acquisition
     398,296        122,766  
Gain on valuation of financial assets
     48,336        6,426  
Other comprehensive income(loss)
     (13,066      1,941  
Disposal and others
     (73,880      (106,619
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Ending
  
1,234,777        1,259,291  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Finance Income and Costs by Category of Financial Instruments
  4)
Finance income and costs by category of financial instrument for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025 were as follows:
 
 
For the year ended December 31, 2023
 
   
Finance income and costs
   
Other
comprehensive
income (loss)
 
(in millions of Won)
 
Interest
income
(expense)
   
Gain and
loss on
valuation
   
Gain and
loss on
foreign
currency
   
Gain and
loss on
disposal
   
Others
   
Total
 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
 
—        520,884       —        190,531       560       711,975       —   
Derivative assets
    —        167,997       —        289,423       —        457,420       —   
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
    —        —        —        —        49,586       49,586       257,725  
Financial assets measured at amortized cost
    502,147       —        211,077       (84,649     (6,347     622,228       —   
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
    —        (305,562     (92,835     —        —        (398,397     —   
Derivative liabilities
    —        (44,323     —        (276,600     —        (320,923     (1,292
Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost
    (1,001,290     —        (466,244     11       (26,616     (1,494,139     —   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
(499,143     338,996       (348,002     118,716       17,183       (372,250     256,433  
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
For the year ended December 31, 2024
 
   
Finance income and costs
   
Other

comprehensive
income (loss)
 
(in millions of Won)
 
Interest
income
(expense)
   
Gain and
loss on
valuation
   
Gain and
loss on
foreign
currency
   
Gain and
loss on
disposal
   
Others
   
Total
 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
 
—        120,544       —        136,699       887       258,130       —   
Derivative assets
    —        820,979       —        399,680       —        1,220,659       —   
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
    —        —        —        —        76,060       76,060       (150,443
Financial assets measured at amortized cost
    576,782       —        1,098,245       (82,615     (10,613     1,581,799       —   
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
    —        239,120       (57,625     (6,257     —        175,238       —   
Derivative liabilities
    —        (31,018     —        (279,594     —        (310,612     (110
Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost
    (1,051,511     —        (1,781,845     (806     (36,252     (2,870,414     —   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
(474,729     1,149,625       (741,225     167,107       30,082       130,860       (150,553
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
For the year ended December 31, 2025
 
   
Finance income and costs
   
Other

comprehensive
income (loss)
 
(in millions of Won)
 
Interest
income
(expense)
   
Gain and
loss on
valuation
   
Gain and
loss on
foreign
currency
   
Gain and
loss on
disposal
   
Others
   
Total
 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
 
—        (57,207     —        51,353       9,267       3,413       —   
Derivative assets
    —        67,796       —        221,995       —        289,791       —   
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
    —        —        —        —        28,789       28,789       319,618  
Financial assets measured at amortized cost
    533,307       —        (33,989     (73,431     3,107       428,994       —   
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
    —        (1,310     (4,145     —        —        (5,455     —   
Derivative liabilities
    —        12,049       —        (358,953     —        (346,904     8  
Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost
    (1,091,462     —        38,876       —        (34,187     (1,086,773     —   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
(558,155)       21,328       742       (159,036     6,976       (688,145     319,626  
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Maximum Exposure to Credit Risk
The carrying amount of financial assets represents the Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk. The maximum exposure to credit risk as of December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:
 
(in millions of Won)
  
2024
    
2025
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  
6,767,898        7,049,800  
Derivative assets
     962,876        662,573  
Short-term financial instruments
     1,212,643        491,841  
Debt securities
     516,372        1,099,767  
Other securities
     762,177        696,148  
Other receivables
     2,739,523        3,335,169  
Trade accounts and notes receivable
     10,849,267        11,203,682  
Deposit instruments
     6,445,428        7,167,658  
Assets held for sale
     —         2,238  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 30,256,184          31,708,876  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:
 
(in millions of Won)
  
2024
    
2025
 
Trade accounts and notes receivable
  
366,109        574,918  
Other accounts receivable
     219,811        209,126  
Loans
     510,036        571,650  
Others
     18,414        9,410  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
    1,114,370           1,365,104  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Impairment Losses on Financial Assets
 
Impairment losses on financial assets for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:
 
(in millions of Won)
  
2024
    
2025
 
Beginning
  
952,719        1,114,370  
Bad debt expenses
     134,230        168,960  
Other bad debt expenses(*1)
     68,979        53,355  
Less: Recovery of allowance for other bad debt accounts
     (18,080      (18,513
Others(*2)
     (23,478      46,932  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Ending
  
1,114,370        1,365,104  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
(*1)
Other bad debt expenses are mainly related to loans and other accounts receivable.
(*2)
Others for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025,
includ
e
 
write-off
amounting to
75,349 million and
33,648 million, respectively.
Aging and Impairment Losses of Trade Accounts and Notes Receivable and Other Receivables
 
The aging and allowance for doubtful accounts of trade accounts and notes receivable as of December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:
 
   
2024
   
2025
 
(in millions of Won)
 
Trade accounts and
notes receivable
   
Allowance for
doubtful accounts
   
Trade accounts and
notes receivable
   
Allowance for
doubtful accounts
 
Not past due
 
9,438,161       8,774       9,367,077       11,690  
Overdue less than 1 month
    496,419       4,555       373,156       2,347  
1 month - 3 months
    272,977       3,087       242,259       932  
3 months - 12 months
    187,461       22,340       834,972       102,807  
Over 12 months
    820,358       327,353       961,136       457,142  
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
11,215,376       366,109       11,778,600       574,918  
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
The aging and allowance for doubtful accounts of other receivables as of December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:
 
 
 
2024
 
 
2025
 
(in millions of Won)
 
Other receivables
 
 
Allowance for
doubtful accounts
 
 
Other receivables
 
 
Allowance for
doubtful accounts
 
Not past due
 
2,870,906       442,293       3,476,605       459,628  
Overdue less than 1 month
    68,592       216       81,948       25  
1 month - 3 months
    146,091       19,349       113,474       36,268  
3 months - 12 months
    60,825       6,702       139,074       26,423  
Over 12 months
    341,370       279,701       314,254       267,842  
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
3,487,784       748,261       4,125,355       790,186  
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Contractual Maturities for Non-derivative Financial Liabilities
  1)
Contractual maturities of
non-derivative
financial liabilities are as follows:
 
(in millions of Won)
 
Book value
   
Contractual
cash flow
   
Within
1 year
   
1 year
- 5 years
   
After
5 years
 
Trade accounts and notes payable
 
5,106,921       5,106,921       5,106,921       —        —   
Borrowings
    28,492,000       33,051,735       12,722,356       17,945,996       2,383,383  
Financial guarantee liabilities(*1)
    18,135       3,613,477       3,613,477       —        —   
Lease liabilities
    1,340,654       1,719,521       207,565       649,154       862,802  
Other payables
    2,734,725       2,734,965       2,657,699       77,266       —   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
37,692,435       46,226,619       24,308,018       18,672,416       3,246,185  
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
  (*1)
For issued financial guarantee contracts, the maximum amount of the guarantee is allocated to the earliest period in which the guarantee could be called.
Contractual Maturities Analysis of Derivative Financial Liabilities
  2)
Contractual maturities for derivative financial liabilities are as follows:
 
(in millions of Won)
  
Within
1 year
    
1 year
- 5 years
    
Total
 
Currency forward
  
20,857        1,958        22,815  
Currency swap
     12,629        5,669        18,298  
Others
     16,461        —         16,461  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
49,947        7,627        57,574  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Disclosure of range of payment due dates of financial liabilities that are part of supplier finance arrangements [text block]
  (2)
The payment due dates for financial liabilities that are part of the supplier finance arrangements and for other financial liabilities are as follows:
 
Statement of financial position
line item
  
Payment due
date
Financial liabilities related to supplier finance arrangements
  
5 to 150 Days
Other comparable financial liabilities
  
7 to 90 Days
Currency risk [member]  
Statement [LineItems]  
Market Risk Exposure
(d)
Currency risk
 
  1)
The Company is exposed to the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of the changes in foreign exchange rates. The exposure to currency risk as of December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:
 
(in millions of Won)
  
2024
    
2025
 
    
Assets
    
Liabilities
    
Assets
    
Liabilities
 
USD
  
 5,441,771        10,927,022        5,285,433        11,385,039  
EUR
     670,436        530,728        859,737        691,208  
JPY
     303,556        213,071        183,579        50,754  
Others
     2,280,424        367,264        1,388,889        296,563  
Sensitivity Analysis for Market Risk
  2)
As of December 31, 2024 and 2025, provided that functional currency against foreign currencies other than functional currency hypothetically strengthens or weakens by 10%, the changes in gain or loss for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:
 
(in millions of Won)
  
2024
    
2025
 
    
10% increase
    
10% decrease
    
10% increase
    
10% decrease
 
USD
  
 (548,525)        548,525        (609,961      609,961  
EUR
     13,971        (13,971      16,853        (16,853
JPY
     9,049        (9,049      13,283        (13,283
Interest rate risk [member]  
Statement [LineItems]  
Market Risk Exposure
(e)
Interest rate risk
 
  1)
The carrying amount of interest-bearing financial instruments as of December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:
 
(in millions of Won)
  
2024
    
2025
 
Fixed rate
     
Financial assets
  
16,067,746        16,949,804  
Financial liabilities
     (22,213,449      (23,619,701
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
(6,145,703      (6,669,897
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Variable rate
     
Financial liabilities
  
(4,690,019      (6,212,953
Sensitivity Analysis for Market Risk
  2)
Sensitivity analysis on the cash flows of financial instruments with variable interest rate
The Company’s interest rate risk mainly arises from borrowings with variable interest rate. As of December 31, 2024 and 2025, provided that other factors remain the same and the interest rate of borrowings with floating rates increases or decreases by 1%, the changes in interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025 are as follows:
 
(in millions of Won)
  
2024
    
2025
 
    
1% increase
    
1% decrease
    
1% increase
    
1% decrease
 
Variable rate financial instruments
  
(46,900)        46,900        (62,130      62,130  
Carrying Amount of Financial Liabilities Related to Supplier Finance Arrangements
(f)
Supplier finance arrangements
 
 
(1)
The Company utilizes purchasing cards, purchasing loans,
e-trade
accounts receivable backed loans, and B2B/B2B plus loans under its supplier finance arrangements. The carrying amounts of the related financial liabilities and the line items in which they are presented in the consolidated statement of financial position are as follows:
 
(in millions of Won)
  
2024
    
2025
 
    
Balance
    
Balance
    
Amount
received by
suppliers
 
Trade accounts and notes payable
  
1,298,398        733,651        617,925  
Accounts payable
     273,366        263,327        7,643  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
1,571,764        996,978        625,568