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Share-Based Compensation | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Share-Based Compensation | Share-Based Compensation During 2025, 2024, and 2023, we recognized $85 million, $100 million, and $88 million of pre-tax share-based compensation expense, respectively. The total income tax benefit related to share-based compensation expense was $13 million, $16 million, and $15 million during 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, total unrecognized compensation cost related to share-based compensation awards, net of estimated forfeitures, was $76 million, which we expect to recognize over a weighted average period of approximately 1.6 years. During 2020, we adopted, and our shareowners approved, our 2020 Long-Term Incentives Plan (2020 Plan), which replaced our 2012 Long-Term Incentives Plan, as amended (2012 Plan), and our 2003 Directors Stock Plan, as amended (Directors Plan). Our 2020 Plan authorizes us to deliver up to 13.0 million shares of our common stock upon exercise of stock options, upon grant, or in payment of stock appreciation rights, performance shares, performance units, restricted stock units, or restricted stock. Shares relating to awards under our 2012 Plan that terminate by expiration, forfeiture, cancellation, or otherwise without the issuance or delivery of shares or that are settled in cash in lieu of shares will be available for further awards under the 2020 Plan. Approximately 6.2 million shares under our 2020 Plan remain available for future grant or payment at September 30, 2025. We use treasury stock to deliver shares of our common stock under these plans. Our 2020 Plan does not permit share-based compensation awards to be granted after February 4, 2030. Stock Options We have granted non-qualified and incentive stock options to purchase our common stock under various incentive plans at prices equal to the fair market value of the stock on the grant dates. The exercise price for stock options granted under the plans may be paid in cash, already-owned shares of common stock, or a combination of cash and such shares. Stock options expire ten years after the grant date and vest ratably over three years. The per share weighted average fair value of stock options granted during the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, was $93.48, $85.63, and $77.62, respectively. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $75 million, $27 million, and $70 million during 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. We estimated the fair value of each stock option on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model and the following assumptions:
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Average risk-free interest rate |  | 4.07 | % |  | 4.22 | % |  | 3.78 | %
Expected dividend yield |  | 1.76 | % |  | 1.79 | % |  | 1.82 | %
Expected volatility |  | 35 | % |  | 34 | % |  | 34 | %
Expected term (years) |  | 4.9 |  | 4.8 |  | 4.8
The average risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury security rates corresponding to the expected term in effect as of the grant date. The expected dividend yield is based on the expected annual dividend as a percentage of the market value of our common stock as of the grant date. We determined expected volatility using daily historical volatility of our stock price over the most recent period corresponding to the expected term as of the grant date. We determined the expected term of the stock options using historical data adjusted for the estimated exercise dates of unexercised options. A summary of stock option activity for the year ended September 30, 2025, is as follows:
|  | Shares (in thousands) |  | Wtd. Avg. Exercise Price |  | Wtd. Avg. Remaining Contractual Term (years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value of In-The-Money Options (in millions)
Outstanding at October 1, 2024 |  | 1,884 |  |  | $ | 214.03 |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  | 190 |  |  | 297.07 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  | (571) |  |  | 177.76 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited |  | (32) |  |  | 279.45 |  |  |  |  |
Canceled |  | (18) |  |  | 335.27 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at September 30, 2025 |  | 1,453 |  |  | 233.92 |  |  | 5.3 |  | $ | 168 |
Exercisable at September 30, 2025 |  | 1,085 |  |  | 216.77 |  |  | 4.2 |  | 144 |
The amount of options expected to vest is materially consistent with those outstanding and not yet exercisable. Performance Share Awards Certain officers and key employees are also eligible to receive shares of our common stock in payment of performance share awards granted to them. Grantees of performance shares will be eligible to receive shares of our common stock depending upon our total shareowner return, assuming reinvestment of all dividends, relative to the performance over a three-year period of companies in the S&P 500 Selected GICS groups: Capital Goods, Software and Services, and Technology Hardware and Equipment. The number of shares actually earned for awards granted will range from zero percent to 200 percent of the targeted number of performance shares for the three-year performance periods and will be paid, to the extent earned, in the fiscal quarter following the end of the applicable three-year performance period. A summary of performance share activity for the year ended September 30, 2025, is as follows:
|  | Shares (in thousands) |  | Wtd. Avg. Grant Date Share Fair Value
Outstanding at October 1, 2024 |  | 159 |  |  | $ | 347.92 |
Granted (1) |  | 58 |  |  | 387.72 |
Adjustment for performance results achieved (2) |  | (31) |  |  | 481.28 |
Forfeited |  | (17) |  |  | 329.35 |
Outstanding at September 30, 2025 |  | 169 |  |  | 338.95 |
(1) Performance shares granted assuming achievement of performance goals at target. (2) Adjustments were due to the number of shares vested under fiscal 2022 awards at the end of the three-year performance period ended September 30, 2024, being lower than the target number of shares. The following table summarizes information about performance shares vested during the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023:
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Percent payout |  | — | % |  | 92 | % |  | 177 | %
Shares vested (in thousands) |  | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | 48 |
Total fair value of shares vested (in millions) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 13 |
For the three-year performance period ended September 30, 2025, the payout will be 70% of the target number of shares, with a maximum of approximately 35,000 shares to be delivered in payment under the awards in December 2025. The per share fair value of performance share awards granted during the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, was $387.72, $295.06, and $340.77, respectively, which we determined using a Monte Carlo simulation and the following assumptions:
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Average risk-free interest rate |  | 4.11 | % |  | 4.45 | % |  | 4.08 | %
Expected dividend yield |  | 1.76 | % |  | 1.79 | % |  | 1.82 | %
Expected volatility |  | 34 | % |  | 30 | % |  | 39 | %
The average risk-free interest rate is based on the three-year U.S. Treasury security rate in effect as of the grant date. The expected dividend yield is based on the expected annual dividend as a percentage of the market value of our common stock as of the grant date. The expected volatilities were determined using daily historical volatility for the most recent three-year period as of the grant date. Restricted Stock Units We grant restricted stock units to certain employees, and non-employee directors may elect to receive a portion of their compensation in restricted stock units. Restrictions on employee restricted stock and employee restricted stock units generally lapse over periods ranging from one to three years. Director restricted stock units generally are payable upon retirement. We value restricted stock and restricted stock units at the closing market value of our common stock on the date of grant. The weighted average fair value of restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards granted during the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, was $299.05, $276.34, and $263.67, respectively. The total fair value of shares vested during the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, was $64 million, $60 million, and $54 million, respectively. A summary of restricted stock and restricted stock unit activity for the year ended September 30, 2025, is as follows:
|  | Shares (in thousands) |  | Wtd. Avg. Grant Date Share Fair Value
Outstanding at October 1, 2024 |  | 468 |  |  | $ | 274.55 |
Granted |  | 102 |  |  | 299.05 |
Vested |  | (214) |  |  | 279.75 |
Forfeited |  | (31) |  |  | 272.92 |
Outstanding at September 30, 2025 |  | 325 |  |  | 278.96 |
We also granted approximately 6,100 shares of unrestricted common stock to non-employee directors during the year ended September 30, 2025. The weighted average grant date fair value of the unrestricted stock awards granted during the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, was $297.10, $278.35, and $261.56, respectively.

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